Dutch Grammar
Dutch Grammar
Dutch Grammar
Dutch A1
Grammar
@Your.DutchFriend
A BEGINNERS GRAMMAR BOOK
TO START YOUR DUTCH LANGUAGE
JOURNEY
BY CHARLOTTE SCHREURS
TABLE OF CONTENTS YOUR DUTCH GRAMMAR
Table of
Contents
INTRODUCTION TO THE BOOK 01
Introduction
Hoi! Hallo!
Welcome to "Your Dutch Grammar: From A0 to A1"! I’m so proud to be able to
present this ebook to you. This ebook is your essential guide to mastering the
fundamentals of the Dutch language, designed specifically for beginners at the A0
to A1 levels. Whether you're an aspiring traveler, a language enthusiast, someone
who fell in love with a Dutchie, an expat or someone who had to move to the
Netherlands without a choice, this ebook will provide you with a solid foundation
in Dutch grammar.
Within these pages, we will work through the core elements of Dutch grammar,
step by step. From understanding basic sentence structures to knowing how to
conjugate your verbs, this ebook is your guide to getting a good base of Dutch
grammar and to be able to expand it from there with vocabulary and
pronunciation exercises.
r.DutchFriend
You
1
LESSON 1 - THE PRONOUNS YOUR DUTCH GRAMMAR
The Pronouns
Lesson 1
In order to make a basic sentence in Dutch (and most other languages) we need a
subject. The subject of a sentence is the person, place, or thing that is performing
the action of the sentence, so it’s connected to the verb. The subject represents
what or whom the sentence is about. Pronouns are used a lot as the subject of a
sentence.
Ik I
Jij You
Singular forms Hij He
Zij She
U You (formal)
TAKE NOTE: ’U’ is the formal form of ‘Jij’. It’s used to speak with people older than
you, to speak with clients or to express respect for someone else.
For the pronouns ‘jij’, ‘zij’ and ‘wij’ we have a stressed form and a unstressed form.
The unstressed forms of ‘jij’, ‘zij’ and ‘wij’ are: ‘je’, ‘ze’ and ‘we’.
Some examples:
2
PRACTICE - THE PRONOUNS YOUR DUTCH GRAMMAR
Let’s practice!
Before making these exercises I recommend that you review lesson 2 first.
The Verbs
Lesson 2
Now you know what the Dutch pronouns are, we can continue with the basic verb
conjugation in Dutch. Like I said, in order to make a sentence in Dutch we need a
subject, but there’s a second thing that’s essential for a sentence. The verb!
werken luisteren
luisteren reizen durven lopen
Ik ik-vorm werk luister reis durf loop
Jij ik-vorm +t werkt luistert reist durft loopt
Hij ik-vorm +t werkt luistert reist durft loopt
Zij ik-vorm +t werkt luistert reist durft loopt
U ik-vorm +t werkt luistert reist durft loopt
Wij infinitief werken luisteren reizen durven lopen
Jullie infinitief werken luisteren reizen durven lopen
Zij infinitief werken luisteren reizen durven lopen
Have a look to the box above. This is how we conjugate regular verbs in present
tense in Dutch. In the first row you see the pronouns from lesson 1. In the second
row you see how we conjugate the verbs according to the pronouns you use. I
wrote ‘ik-vorm’. This means ‘the I-form’ of a verb. You can also call it the ‘stem’ or
‘root’ of the verb. To get to this ik-vorm we have to look to the infinitive of the verb,
the full verb. Then you take away -en and there you have the ik-vorm.
The conjugations of the other pronouns is based on the ik-vorm. For singular forms
we simply add a ‘t’ to the ik-vorm. The plural forms stay the infinitive of the verb.
The s/v-rule: If you have a look to the verbs ‘reizen’ and ‘durven’ you’ll see that
something is different. If we would simply take away ‘-en’ of the verb to get de ik-
vorm, we would have ‘reiz’ and ‘durv’. But it’s not. Why? Well, in Dutch there is a rule
that say’s that words can never end on a ‘z’ and ‘v’. So in the case of ik-vorm van
reizen, we change the ‘z’ into an ‘s’ and for durven the ‘v’ into an ‘f’.
4
LESSON 2 - THE VERBS YOUR DUTCH GRAMMAR
TAKE NOTE: If you have a look to the verb ‘lopen’ you see that something else
changes. The ‘o’ is now an ‘oo’. This has to do with the vowels and the amount of
syllables the word contains.
When a word has only one syllable and it sounds long, we write a double vowel.
For example: het raam (the window)
When a word has two or more syllables and it sounds long, we write one vowel
and one consonant. For example: de talen (the languages)
When a word has one syllable and it sounds short, we write just one vowel.
For example: de tas (the bag)
When a word has two or more syllables and it sounds short, we write one vowel
and two consonants.
For example: de jassen (the jackets)
Irregular verbs
All the information above is usable for regular verbs. But irregular verbs simply
don’t work with rules. They are the rebels among them ;)
Let me give you some important irregular verbs in the box below.
in short: the verb changes according to the pronoun and time. It needs to be
conjugated. There are regular and irregular verbs. You need to memorize the
irregular verbs. We’ll talk about the placement of the verb in the sentence in
lesson 5.
5
PRACTICE - THE VERBS YOUR DUTCH GRAMMAR
Let’s practice!
Exercise 1 - Underline the verb in each of the following sentences:
Exercise 2 - Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb in the sentences:
6
PRACTICE - THE VERBS YOUR DUTCH GRAMMAR
Exercise 5 - Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb:
1. Ik - spelen____________________________________________
2. Hij - werken___________________________________________
3. Wij - slapen___________________________________________
4. Jullie - dansen_________________________________________
5. Jij - leren____________________________________________
6. Zij - kijken____________________________________________
7
LESSON 3 - THE MODAL VERBS YOUR DUTCH GRAMMAR
The Six Modal verbs: moeten, willen, kunnen, mogen, zullen en hoeven.
Kunnen - to be able to, can. By using ‘kunnen’ you’re expressing the ability or
possibility to do something. For example: Ik kan zwemmen - I can swim.
Willen - to want. Although it sounds like the English ’will’, ‘willen’ express the
speaker's desire or willingness. For example: ik wil een ijsje - I want an ice cream.
Mogen - to be allowed to, may. By using ‘mogen’ you’re asking for or granting
permission. For example: mag ik naar de wc gaan? - may I go to the bathroom?
Zullen - shall, will. By using ‘zullen’ we’re indicating the future tense. For example:
ik zal je morgen bellen - I will /shall call you tomorrow.
Hoeven - no need to, not necessary. By using ‘hoeven’ we’re expressing that
something is not necessary. This verb is a bit different from the other modal verbs
since we can only use it negative (negative version of ‘moeten’). For example: ik
hoef geen koekje - I don’t need to have a cookie (I don’t want it).
All the modal verbs (except from ‘hoeven’) are irregular. Let me give you the
irregular forms on the next page. You have to memorize these forms.
8
LESSON 3 - THE MODAL VERBS YOUR DUTCH GRAMMAR
Modal verbs are usually followed by an infinitive verb. For example: ik moet eten - I
must eat’ where ‘eten’ is the infinitive form of the other verb. To learn more about this,
check lesson 5 about the sentence structure.
9
PRACTICE - THE MODAL VERBS YOUR DUTCH GRAMMAR
Let’s practice!
Exercise 1 - Fill in the correct form of the modal verb:
Exercise 3 - Select the correct modal verb (willen, kunnen, moeten, mogen,
zullen):
Exercise 4 - Write a sentence with the following words (and conjugate the
verb if necessary):
1. Jullie - moeten_________________________________________
2. Zij - willen____________________________________________
3. U - kunnen____________________________________________ 10
LESSON 4 - THE ARTICLES YOUR DUTCH GRAMMAR
The Articles
Lesson 4
An article is a word that identifies a noun. A noun may be a person, place, thing,
or idea. There are two types of articles: indefinite and definite. In Dutch we know
three different articles, two definite articles and one indefinite article.
DE HET EEN
‘De’ and ‘het’ are definite articles. That means that we speak about something
specific. For example: de auto (I’m talking about a specific car here) or het huis
(I’m talking about a specific house here).
‘Een’ is a indefinite article, what means that it’s not a specific thing/person that
you’re referring to. For example: een auto (I’m not talking about a specific car, it
can be any car in the world).
The most difficult thing about the articles is deciding when to use ‘de’ or ‘het’.
There are 3 rules that can help you to decide whether you should use ‘de’ or ‘het’:
RULE 1
For people or animals we use ‘de’.
For example: De moeder, de baby, de man, de kapper, de hond.
But there are some exceptions: het kind, het meisje.
RULE 2
For plural forms we always use ‘de’.
For example: het huis - de huizen, het land - de landen.
RULE 3
For diminutives we use ‘het’.
For expamle: de tafel - het tafeltje, de stoel - het stoeltje.
But if the diminutive is used in it’s plural form, we use ‘de’ again (het tafeltje, de
tafeltjes) 11
PRACTICE - THE ARTICLES YOUR DUTCH GRAMMAR
Let’s practice!
Exercise 1 - Choose the correct article (’de’ or ‘het’) to complete the sentence:
Exercise 2 - Choose the correct article (’de’ or ‘het’) to complete the sentence:
A. De kat is zwart.
B. De boek is groen.
A. De meisje lacht.
B. De jongen huilt.
12
LESSON 5 - THE SENTENCE STRUCTURE YOUR DUTCH GRAMMAR
1. THE SUBJECT
2.THE VERB
3. THE TIME
4. OTHER THINGS
5. THE PLACE
6. SECOND VERB
The subject of a sentence is the person, place, or thing that is performing the
action of the sentence and represents what or whom the sentence is about.
The first verb comes right after the subject and these two are always next to each
other in a main sentence. You have to conjugate the verb according to the subject
and time. The time comes right after the verb, followed by other things. Other
things is basically all the extra information. The place comes after other things
and we end our sentence with the second verb that is used in it’s infinitive form.
Of course we don’t always have all of the six types of words in the sentence. You
perfectly can have a sentence without time, place, other things or a second verb.
The subject and verb are always there. Have a look to the examples below.
13
LESSON 5 - THE SENTENCE STRUCTURE YOUR DUTCH GRAMMAR
It would be a bit boring if always would talk with a main sentence structure. That’s
why we play a bit with our sentences just like in any other language. We do this by
starting our sentences with something else than the subject. For example with
‘time’ or ‘other things’. But if we do so, we have to be aware of the sentence
structure since it changes then. This is what we call a ‘main sentence with
inversion’, de ‘hoofdzin met inversie’. Let’s have a look to it’s structure:
1. THE TIME
2.THE VERB
3. THE SUBJECT
4. OTHER THINGS
5. THE PLACE
6. SECOND VERB
The most important difference here is that de subject and verb swap place if we
have a main sentence with inversion. So the rule is: ‘if we start our sentence with
anything else than the subject, the subject and verb swap place’.
You can start your inverted sentence with the time as you saw in the structure
above, for example:
Starting your sentence with the place is not that common to do in Dutch, but
possible if you really want to emphasize the place. For example:
14
PRACTICE - THE SENTENCE STRUCTURE YOUR DUTCH GRAMMAR
Let’s practice!
Exercise 1 - Reorder the words to form a correct main sentence structure:
Exercise 3 - Make sentence with the words below and conjugate the verbs:
16
LESSON 6 - THE QUESTIONS YOUR DUTCH GRAMMAR
The Questions
Lesson 6
There are two options to create a question in Dutch. The first option is by using a
verb to start your question with, the second option is by using a question word to
start your question with.
OPTION 1: We use a verb to start our question with. This means that we don’t start
our sentence with a subject, what leads to a sentence with inversion. The structure
of the question will look like this:
1. THE VERB
2.THE SUBJECT
3. THE TIME
4. OTHER THINGS
5. THE PLACE
6. SECOND VERB
For example: Wil jij morgen pizza in Rotterdam eten? Questions that start with
verbs are called ‘closed questions’ because we can only answer them with ja/nee.
OPTION 2: We use a question word to start our sentence with. These words are
similar to question words in English. The primary question words in Dutch are:
We use a question word to start our question with so that leads to a sentence
with inversion again. For example: Wat wil jij drinken?
17
PRACTICE - THE QUESTIONS YOUR DUTCH GRAMMAR
Let’s practice!
Exercise 1 - Fill in the blanks with the correct question words (wie, wat, waar,
wanneer, waarom, hoe):
18
LESSON 7 - THE ADJECTIVES YOUR DUTCH GRAMMAR
The Adjectives
Lesson 7
An adjective gives information about a noun. Some exapmles of adjectives are
‘mooi’, ‘leuk’, ‘klein’, ‘groot’. If we place the adjective before our noun, we add an
‘e’ to the adjective. But there’s one exception. Let have a look to the table below.
DEFINITE INDEFINITE
As you can see we add an ‘e’ to all the adjectives but not to the indefinite het-
words. We keep the original adjective there. The hardest thing about this is
knowning if a noun is ‘de’ or ‘het’. Check lesson 3 for the grammar about the
articles.
It is also possible to write the adjective after the noun. In that case the adjective
doesn't change and it keeps it’s original form. . That looks like this:
TAKE NOTE: the spelling of adjectives can change when we add the ‘e’.
When we hear a short vowel and we add the ‘e’, we double the consonant > dun -
dunne.
When we hear a long double vowel and we add the ‘e’, we change it into one
vowel > groot - grote.
When we hear a diphthong (double sounds) and we add the ‘e’, we don’t change
anything > oud - oude. 19
LESSON 7 - THE ADJECTIVES YOUR DUTCH GRAMMAR
When we hear an unstressed ending and we add the ‘e’, we don’t change
anything > lastig - lastige.
When the adjective ends on a ‘f’ and we add the ‘e’, we change the ‘f’ into the ‘v’
> intensief - intensieve.
When the adjective ends on a ‘s’ and we add the ‘e’, we change the ‘s’ into the ‘z’
> wijs > wijze.
But when the adjective that ends on a ‘s’ or ‘f’ has a short vowel we don’t change it
into an ‘z’ or ‘v’ but we just double the consonant > maf - maffe.
20
PRACTICE - THE ADJECTIVES YOUR DUTCH GRAMMAR
Let’s practice!
Exercise 1 - Add the correct ending to the given adjectives:
Exercise 2 - Create sentences using the nouns and adjectives with the correct
endings (use the adjective first):
1. de bloem / mooi
______________________________________________________
2. het boek / interessant
______________________________________________________
3. een tafel / groot
______________________________________________________
4. de vriend / lief
______________________________________________________
5. het huis / klein
______________________________________________________
1. groot___________________________________________________
2. leuk___________________________________________________
3. stoer___________________________________________________
4. laag___________________________________________________
5. comfortabel______________________________________________
6. mooi___________________________________________________
21
LESSON 8 - THE NEGATION YOUR DUTCH GRAMMAR
The Negation
Lesson 8
We use two words to negate our sentence: either ‘niet’ or ‘geen’. It can be
confusing knowing which one of these you should use, so let me explain it to you.
The Basic Rule: geen is indefinite, so the negative form of the indefinite article
‘een’ is ‘geen’. But there’s a problem with this rule. In plural forms and uncountable
words ‘een’ doesn’t exist, but ‘geen’ does. For example:
That means that we need a more specific rule. The Specific Rule is as followed:
Is there in the sentence part that we negate...
22
PRACTICE - THE NEGATION YOUR DUTCH GRAMMAR
Let’s practice!
Exercise 1 - Select ‘niet’ or ‘geen’ to complete each sentence:
23
LESSON 9 - THE POSSESIVE PRONOUNS YOUR DUTCH GRAMMAR
Ik Mij/me Mijn
Jij/je Jou/je Jouw
Hij Hem Zijn
Zij/ze Haar Haar
U U Uw
Wij/we Ons Ons/onze
Jullie Jullie Jullie
Zij/ze Hen Hun
TAKE NOTE:
‘Ons’ written before the noun is used for het-words
‘Onze’ written before the nouns is used for de-words
24
PRACTICE - THE POSSESIVE PRONOUNS YOUR DUTCH GRAMMAR
Let’s practice!
Exercise 1 - Complete the sentences with the correct possessive pronoun
(mijn, jouw, zijn, haar, ons, jullie, hun):
25
LESSON 10 - THE DEGREES OF COMPARISON YOUR DUTCH GRAMMAR
The second step is the comparative, here we add the ‘-er’ to the original adjective
and if you want to compare it with something specific you can add ‘dan’ and the
thing/person you’re comparing with.
The third step is the superlative were we add ‘-st’ to the original adjective and we
write ‘het’ before the entire adjective.
TAKE NOTE:
If we place the superlative before the noun we add an ‘e’. For example:
het mooiste huis.
If an adjective ends on a (sound like) ‘-er’, we don’t add ‘-er’ to the adjective but
‘-der’. For example: duur - duurder or ver - verder.
26
LESSON 10 - THE DEGREES OF COMPARISON YOUR DUTCH GRAMMAR
There are four irregular forms of the degrees of comparison. These forms you have
to memorize.
27
PRACTICE - THE DEGREES OF COMPARISON YOUR DUTCH GRAMMAR
Let’s practice!
Exercise 1 - Complete the sentences by adding the correct comparative form
of the adjective:
1. leuk____________________________________________________
2. comfortabel______________________________________________
3. klein____________________________________________________
4. graag__________________________________________________
5. goed___________________________________________________
28
LESSON 11 - THE PLURALS YOUR DUTCH GRAMMAR
The Plurals
Lesson 11
To make a singular noun into a plural noun, we usually add ‘-en’ to the noun, but
there are two exceptions. I’ll explain you the details in this lesson.
For most of the plural forms we simply add ’-en’. Pay attention to the spelling rules
as explained in lesson 7.
For nouns that end on el, em, en, er, e, é en ie we add ‘-s’.
There are also irregular plural forms. For example: het kind - de kinderen, het
schip - de schepen, de overheid - de overheden. These you have to memorize.
TAKE NOTE: The plural forms always go together with the article ‘de’.
29
PRACTICE - THE PLURALS YOUR DUTCH GRAMMAR
Let’s practice!
Exercise 1 - Add the correct plural ending to the nouns:
1. De appartements / appartementen
2. De lepelen / lepels
De docenten / docents.
De programma’s / programmas.
De fiets’s / fietsen.
De hond / honden
De meisjen / meisjes
De babys / baby’s
Exercise 3 - Complete the following sentences with the correct plural forms of
the noun:
30
LESSON 12 - THE DIMINUTIVES YOUR DUTCH GRAMMAR
The Diminutives
Lesson 12
Diminutives in Dutch are very commonly used to create smaller or more endearing
versions of words. They are formed by adding specific suffixes (word endings) to
nouns, adjectives, or sometimes verbs. Here’s an explanation of how diminutives
are used in Dutch:
To reduce size:
Diminutives can also indicate smallness or a lesser degree of something. For
example: ‘kopje’ (small cup) or ‘huisje’ (little house).
To generalize:
In some cases, diminutives can be used to refer to something in a more general
sense. For example: ‘kippetje’ might refer to any chicken, not just a small one.
We create diminutives by adding the suffixes: ‘-je’, ‘-tje’, ‘-pje’, -’etje’, ‘-kje’.
TAKE NOTE: When a diminutive is used in the plural form, we add an ‘-s’. For
example: het sterretje - de sterretjes. Diminutives always get the article ’het’ in
the singular form. For plural forms they become ‘de’ again.
31
PRACTICE - THE DIMINUTIVES YOUR DUTCH GRAMMAR
Let’s practice!
Exercise 1 - Write the given noun in it’s diminutive form:
1. De boom ___________
2. De bloem ___________
3. De eend ___________
4. De auto ___________
5. De bar ___________
6. Het spel ___________
7. De bal ___________
8. Het schilderij ___________
9. De muziek ___________
10. Het programma ___________
32
LIST OF GRAMMAR TERMS YOUR DUTCH GRAMMAR
33
LIST OF THE MOST FREQUENTLY USED VERBS YOUR DUTCH GRAMMAR
zijn to be
hebben to have
worden to become
kunnen to can/to be able to
moeten to must/to have to
mogen to may/to be allowed to
doen to do
zeggen to say
gaan to go
willen to want
komen to come
staan to stand
zien to see
vinden to find
denken to think
nemen to take
maken to make
laten to let
werken to work
spreken to speak
houden to hold
brengen to bring
wachten to wait
lopen to walk
blijven to stay/remain
weten to know
liggen to lie (down)
zitten to sit
krijgen to get/receive
stellen to ask
eten to eat
drinken to drink
sporten to sport
bellen to call
regenen to rain
34
LIST OF THE MOST FREQUENTLY USED VERBS YOUR DUTCH GRAMMAR
DUTCH ENGLISH
lezen to read
schrijven to write
luisteren to listen
kijken to watch
vragen to ask
antwoorden to answer
praten to talk
reizen to travel
slapen to sleep
horen to hear
leren to learn
verstaan to hear/understand
spelen to play
snappen to understand/to get
vergeten to forget
herinneren to remember
geven to give
verkopen to sell
nodig hebben to need
dromen to dream
lachen to laugh
huilen to cry
geloven to believe
sterven to die
verliezen to lose
winnen to win
beginnen to begin
eindigen to end
bezoeken to visit
proberen to try
sluiten to close
openen to open
veranderen to change
begrijpen to understand
bouwen to build
verwachten to expect
helpen to help
ontvangen to receive
versturen to send
heten to be called
wandelen to stroll/to walk
35
ANSWERS TO THE EXERCISES YOUR DUTCH GRAMMAR
Answers
to the exercises
THE PRONOUNS THE VERBS
Exercise 1 Exercise 1
1. Ik 1. eet
2. Ik 2. leest
3. Wij 3. gaan
4. Wij 4. rent
5. Wij 5. speelt
6. Wij 6. schijnt
7. Wij 7. kookt
8. Ik 8. lachen
9. Ik
10. Ik Exercise 2
1. Ik eet een appel.
Exercise 2 2. Jij werkt in een winkel.
1. Ik houd van zwemmen. 3. Hij leest een boek.
2. Zij werkt in een kantoor. 4. Zij zwemmen in het zwembad.
3. Zij zijn vriendelijk. 5. Wij reizen naar Frankrijk.
4. Wij spelen graag voetbal. 6. Jullie spelen voetbal.
5. Zij gaat naar de supermarkt. 7. Zij studeren/studeert Nederlands.
6. Zij lezen boeken. 8. U kijkt naar de televisie.
7. Hij/jij zit op school. 9. De kat slaapt op de bank.
8. Wij lachen altijd. 10. De kinderen lachen.
9. Hij kijkt naar de film.
10. Jullie luisteren naar muziek. Exercise 3
1. Ik ben een student.
Exercise 3 2. Jij hebt een hond.
1. Hij 3. Hij kan goed zwemmen.
2. Zij 4. Zij gaan naar de bioscoop.
3. Ik 5. Wij weten de weg.
4. Hij/Zij - Hij/Zij 6. Jullie doen je best.
5. Zij 7. Zij zeggen dank je wel.
8. U mag deel uitmaken van het team.
Exercise 4 (examples)
1. Jij loopt naar huis
2. Zij heeft een mooie fiets
3. Jullie wonen in Amsterdam
36
ANSWERS TO THE EXERCISES YOUR DUTCH GRAMMAR
Answers
to the exercises
THE VERBS THE MODAL VERBS
Exercise 4 Exercise 1
1. a 1. Ik wil een ijsje eten.
2. a 2. Zij kan/kunnen goed zingen.
3. b 3. Jij moet naar school gaan.
4. b 4. Wij mogen hier niet roken.
5. a 5. Hij zal naar de dokter gaan.
6. b 6. Zij kan/kunnen goed tekenen.
7. a 7. U wilt een kopje koffie?
8. b 8. De kinderen moeten hun huiswerk
maken.
Exercise 5
1. werkt Exercise 2
2. spelen 1. wil
3. leer 2. willen
4. gaan 3. kunnen
5. hebben 4. mag
6. maken 5. wil
7. reizen 6. wil
8. slaapt 7. willen
9. kookt 8. moeten
10. schijnt
Exercise 3
Exercise 6 (examples) 1. willen
1. Ik speel met mijn hond. 2. kan/kunnen
2. Hij werkt bij Philips in Endhoven. 3. moeten
3. Wij slapen graag in een tent. 4. wil
4. Jullie dansen ‘s avonds de salsa. 5. moet
5. Jij leert Nederlands. 6. wil
6. Zij kijken vaak naar ‘Boer Zoekt 7. mogen
Vrouw’ 8. kan/kunnen
37
ANSWERS TO THE EXERCISES YOUR DUTCH GRAMMAR
Answers
to the exercises
Exercise 4 (examples) THE SENTENCE STRUCTURE
1. Jullie moeten het huiswerk maken.
2. Zij wil/zij willen niet naar huis. Exercise 1
3. U kan goed zwemmen. 1. Ik ga naar school.
2. Zij houdt van koffie.
THE ARTICLES 3. Wij hebben een groot huis.
4. De kat slaapt op de bank.
Exercise 1 5. Jij gaat morgen naar de bioscoop.
1. Het
2. De Exercise 2
3. Het 1. A Ik houd van muziek.
4. De 2. A. Zij gaan op zondag naar het strand.
5. Het 3. A. Wij leren Nederlands.
6. De 4. A. Hij drinkt thee met suiker.
7. De 5. B. Jullie eten graag pizza.
8. De
Exercise 3 (examples)
Exercise 2 1. De kamer is heel mooi.
1. De 2. Rosa werkt op maandag in Rotterdam.
2. De 3. Maandag in de morgen zijn wij weg.
3. De 4. Zijn vriend speelt volgende week bij hem.
4. Het 5. Ik heb een computer op kantoor.
5. De 6. Mijn buren gaan in de winter op vakantie.
6. Het
7. De Exercise 4
8. Het 1. Morgen spelen wij op het strand.
2. Vandaag zit de kat in de tuin.
Exercise 3 3. Misschien houden zij van muziek.
1. A. De kat is zwart. 4. Vanavond gaan jullie naar de bioscoop.
2. B. De tafel is blauw. 5. In de ochtend drink ik koffie.
3. B. De jongen huilt.
4. A. Het huis is oud. Exercise 5
1. A. In de tuin zit een hond.
2. B. Elke dag kookt mijn moeder in de keuken.
3. B. Om 8 uur gaan de kinderen naar school.
4. A. Zondag speelt de voetbalclub een
wedstrijd.
5. B. Vaak spelen wij op het strand.
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ANSWERS TO THE EXERCISES YOUR DUTCH GRAMMAR
Answers
to the exercises
THE QUESTIONS THE ADJECTIVES
Exercise 1 Exercise 1
1. Hoe 1. Een mooie auto.
2. Wat 2. Een leuk boek.
3. Waar 3. Een grote tafel.
4. Wanneer 4. Een mooie bloem.
5. Hoe 5. Een stoer meisje.
6. Hoe 6. Een groot huis.
7. Wat 7. Een comfortabele stoel.
8. Waar 8. Een klein dier.
9. Waar
10. Waarheen Exercise 2
1. Ik heb een mooie bloem in mijn tuin.
Exercise 2 2. Het interessante boek is weg.
1. Hoe heet jij? 3. Wij eten aan een grote tafel.
2. Waar is jouw huis? 4. De lieve vriend van mijn zus heet Tom.
3. Wanneer ben jij jarig? 5. Het kleine huis is goedkoop.
4. Wie heeft een hond?
5. Hoe laat is de winkel open? Exercise 3
6. Hoe gaat zij naar school? 1. Ik Het grote huis. Een groot huis.
7. Waar kom jij vandaan? Het huis is groot.
8. Is het boek interessant? 2. Het leuke feest. Een leuk feest.
Het feest is leuk.
Exercise 3 3. De stoere vrouw. Een stoere vrouw.
1. B. Waarom lacht hij? De vrouw is stoer.
2. B. Wie is haar vriend? 4. De lage tafel. Een lage tafel.
3. B. Hoe is het weer vandaag? De tafel is laag.
4. B. Wanneer ga je op vakantie? 5. De comfortabele temperatuur. Een
5. A. Waarom leren zij Nederlands? comfortabele temperatuur. De
temperatuur is comfortabel.
6. Het mooie stoeltje. Een mooi stoeltje.
Het stoeltje is mooi.
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ANSWERS TO THE EXERCISES YOUR DUTCH GRAMMAR
Answers
to the exercises
THE NEGATION 5. jullie
6. fun
Exercise 1 7.Haar
1. geen 8. Onze
2. niet
3. geen Exercise 2 (examples)
4. geen
5. geen 1. Zijn kat is heel lief.
6. geen 2. Hun huis is mooi.
7. niet 3. Onze vrienden wonen in Utrecht.
8. niet 4. Jouw fiets is blauw.
5. Haar boek is dik.
Exercise 2
1. niet THE DEGREES OF COMPARISON
2. geen
3. geen Exercise 1
4. niet 1. groter
5. niet 2. kleiner
6. geen 3. lekkerder
7. geen 4. jonger
8. geen 5. de beste
Exercise 3 Exercise 2
1. Ik hou niet van sport. 1. Van alle dieren is de cheetah het
2. Zij heeft geen kat. snelst.
3. Wij spreken geen Spaans. 2. De berg ‘de Mount Everest’ is het
4. De auto heeft geen benzine. hoogst.
5. Jullie eten niet met vrienden 3. Deze pizza is het lekkerst.
vanavond. 4. Dit horloge is het duurst.
5. Dit meisje is het mooist.
THE POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS
Exercise 3
Exercise 1 1. langer
1. mijn 2. interessanter
2. zijn 3. ouder
3. jullie 4. hoger
4. zijn 5. mooist
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ANSWERS TO THE EXERCISES YOUR DUTCH GRAMMAR
Answers
to the exercises
Exercise 4 THE DIMINUTIVES
1. leuk - leuker (dan) - het leukst
2. comfortabel - comfortabeler (dan) Exercise 1
- het comfortabelst 1. boompje(s)
3. klein - kleiner (dan) - het kleinst 2. bloemetje(s)/bloempje(s)
4. graag - liever (dan) - het liefst 3. eendje(s)
5. goed - beter (dan) - het best 4. autootje(s)
5. barretje(s)
THE PLURALS 6. spelletje(s)
7. balletje(s)
Exercise 1 8. schilderijtje(s)
1. katten 9. muziekje(s)
2. huizen 10. programmaatje(s)
3. bloemen
4. stoelen Exercise 2
5. boeken 1. bloemetjes
6. vrienden 2. stoeltjes
7. auto’s 3. huisje
8. kinderen 4. vriendjes
5. boekje
Exercise 2 6. autootjes
1. appartementen 7. tafeltjes
2. lepels 8. fietsjes
3. docenten
4. programma’s Exercise 3
5. fietsen 1. plantjes
6. hond 2. kindjes
7. meisjes 3. bitterballetjes
8. baby’s 4. krantjes
5. jurkjes
Exercise 3
1. tassen
2. kinderen
3. planten
4. jongens
5. scooters
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YOU DID IT! YOUR DUTCH GRAMMAR
I hope this ebook has been valuable to you on your journey to learn the Dutch
grammar basics.
Learning a new language is not always easy, and your dedication and hard work
have brought you one step closer to fluency in Dutch. Whether you're planning to
travel, connect with Dutch-speaking friends, or working towards the
‘Inburgeringsexamen’ to get a visa, your efforts have opened up a world of
opportunities!
Of course there is a lot more to learn. Maybe you need a break after working
through this ebook first to let everything sink in or practice a bit more. But maybe
you are one of those people who want to learn fast. In that case the ‘Your Dutch
Grammar - A1 to A2 ebook’ is waiting for you.
In case you feel that you need to practice more with speaking and actually using
the grammar that you’ve just learned with this ebook, I’m here for you to teach you
in actual lessons online (private or in small groups). If that sounds good to you,
reach out to me on Instagram, email or WhatsApp.
Thank you for choosing this ebook as your learning guide. Again, I'm so proud of
your progress and can't wait to see where your Dutch language skills will take you
next!
Charlotte
@Your.DutchFriend
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