CSE 365: Communication Engineering

Introduction
Chapter 1
Introduction to Data Communication
 Motivation
 Efficient way to share resources
 Cost – less expensive
 Accessibility – easier

 Efficient way to exchange information

 Time – faster
 Size – bigger
 Correctness – more accurate
Data Communication: Characteristics

Delivery Accuracy

Transfer of data from one device to another via

some form of transmission medium.

Timeliness Jitter
Data Communication
Hi, Hi,
how how
are are
you? you?
Hi, how are you? Hi, how are you?

Computer User

01010001 01010001
Components in Communication

1 Message
Hi, how are you?
5 Protocol

2 Sender 3 Receiver

Computer User

4 Medium
 Data Representation
 Numbers
 8/16/32 bit integers
 floating point
 Text
 ASCII, Unicode
 Images
 Bit patterns, Graphics formats JPG/GIF/etc
 Audio  Samples of continuous signal
 Video  Sequence of bitmap images
 Direction of Data Flow
 Simplex: One direction only

data flow

Server Monitor

data flow

Keyboard
Server
 Direction of Data Flow
 Half Duplex: Both directions, one at a time
data flow at time 1

data flow at time 2

 E.g., walkie-talkies
 Direction of Data Flow
 Full Duplex: Both directions simultaneously

data flow

data flow

 E.g. telephone
 The capacity of the channel is divided between the
two directions.
 Networks
 Network: a set of devices connected by media links

Laptop
iM ac

Workstation
Media Links
Server
SD

Printer Scanner
 Network Criteria
 Performance
 Throughput
 Delay
 Reliability
 Frequency of failure
 Time to recover from a failure
 Network’s robustness
 Security
 Unauthorized access
 Types of Connections
 Point-to-point
 A dedicated link between two devices
 Multipoint (multidrop)
 Devices share a single link
Point-To-Point Connection
Multipoint Connection

Wireless
 Topology
 Topology: physical arrangement of devices
 Mesh
 Star
 Bus
 Ring
 Hybrid
Fully Connected Mesh Topology

 Pros:
E  Dedicated links;
n(n-1)/2 links
 Robustness
 Privacy
 Easy to identify fault
A D
 Cons:
 A lot of cabling
 I/O ports
 Difficult to move
B C
 Star Topology
 Pros:
 One I/O port per device
 Little cabling
 Easy to install
 Robustness
Hub  Easy to identify fault

 Cons:
 Single point of failure
 More cabling still required
Bus Topology
 Pros:
 Little cabling
 Easy to install

 Cons:
 Difficult to modify
 Difficult to isolate fault
 Break in the bus cable stops
all transmission
Ring Topology

 Pros:
 Easy to install
 Easy to identify fault
 Cons:
 Delay in large ring
 Break in the ring stops
all transmission
Hybrid Topologies

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
10M100M
ACT ACT
PWR UPLINK

COL COL
SWITCH 131415161718192021222324 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
10M100M
ACT ACT
PWR UPLINK

COLCOL
SWITCH 131415161718192021222324 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
 Network Categories
 Local Area Network (LAN)
 Wide Area Network (WAN)
 Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
 Local Area Networks
 Network in a single office, building, or campus
 Wide Area Networks
 Network providing long-distance communication over
a country, a continent, or the whole world
 Metropolitan Area Networks
 Network extended over an entire city

Dhaka Comilla

25
 Switching
 Dedicated circuits
 Circuit switching
 Telephone switches
establish circuits
for communication
 Packet switching
 Data are put into
packets telephone
switch
 Each stamped with
source and destination
addresses
 Routers know where to
forward packets Packet Router

26
 Internetworking
 How to allow devices from different standards to
communicate?
 Gateways/routers – devices capable of communicating in
several standards

 These become "network of networks"

 Internetworks
 Two or more networks connected become an
internetwork, or internet

Network1 Network2

Gateway

 Example: The Internet Network3

 The Internet
 The largest internetwork (network of networks) in the
world
 Devices communicating with TCP/IP protocol suite

Stanford U. of Utah

UC Santa Barbara

UCLA
 Home work
 Section 1.4 - Internet History
 Section 1.5 - Standards and Administration

*Few slides taken and modified from Chaiporn Jaikaeo

Questions