M22/5/MATHY/HP3/ENG/TZ1/XX/M

Markscheme

May 2022

Mathematics:
applications and interpretation

Higher level

Paper 3

15 pages
 –2– M22/5/MATHY/HP3/ENG/TZ1/XX/M

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 –3– M22/5/MATHY/HP3/ENG/TZ1/XX/M

Instructions to Examiners

Abbreviations

M Marks awarded for attempting to use a correct Method.

A Marks awarded for an Answer or for Accuracy; often dependent on preceding M marks.
R Marks awarded for clear Reasoning.
AG Answer given in the question and so no marks are awarded.
FT Follow through. The practice of awarding marks, despite candidate errors in previous parts, for their
correct methods/answers using incorrect results.

Using the markscheme

1 General
Award marks using the annotations as noted in the markscheme eg M1, A2.

2 Method and Answer/Accuracy marks

• Do not automatically award full marks for a correct answer; all working must be checked, and
marks awarded according to the markscheme.
• It is generally not possible to award M0 followed by A1, as A mark(s) depend on the preceding
M mark(s), if any.
• Where M and A marks are noted on the same line, e.g. M1A1, this usually means M1 for an
attempt to use an appropriate method (e.g. substitution into a formula) and A1 for using the
correct values.
• Where there are two or more A marks on the same line, they may be awarded independently;
so if the first value is incorrect, but the next two are correct, award A0A1A1.
• Where the markscheme specifies A3, M2 etc., do not split the marks, unless there is a note.
• The response to a “show that” question does not need to restate the AG line, unless a Note
makes this explicit in the markscheme.
• Once a correct answer to a question or part question is seen, ignore further working even if this
working is incorrect and/or suggests a misunderstanding of the question. This will encourage a
uniform approach to marking, with less examiner discretion. Although some candidates may be
advantaged for that specific question item, it is likely that these candidates will lose marks
elsewhere too.
• An exception to the previous rule is when an incorrect answer from further working is used in a
subsequent part. For example, when a correct exact value is followed by an incorrect decimal
approximation in the first part and this approximation is then used in the second part. In this
situation, award FT marks as appropriate but do not award the final A1 in the first part. Examples:

Correct Further Any FT issues?

Action
answer seen working seen
1. 5.65685... No. Award A1 for the final mark
8 2 (incorrect Last part in question. (condone the incorrect further
decimal value) working)
2. 35 0.468111… Yes. Award A0 for the final mark
(incorrect Value is used in (and full FT is available in
72 decimal value) subsequent parts. subsequent parts)
 –4– M22/5/MATHY/HP3/ENG/TZ1/XX/M

3 Implied marks

Implied marks appear in brackets e.g. (M1),and can only be awarded if correct work is seen or
implied by subsequent working/answer.

4 Follow through marks (only applied after an error is made)

Follow through (FT) marks are awarded where an incorrect answer from one part of a question is
used correctly in subsequent part(s) (e.g. incorrect value from part (a) used in part (d) or incorrect
value from part (c)(i) used in part (c)(ii)). Usually, to award FT marks, there must be working
present and not just a final answer based on an incorrect answer to a previous part. However, if all
the marks awarded in a subsequent part are for the answer or are implied, then FT marks should be
awarded for their correct answer, even when working is not present.

For example: following an incorrect answer to part (a) that is used in subsequent parts, where the
markscheme for the subsequent part is (M1)A1, it is possible to award full marks for their correct
answer, without working being seen. For longer questions where all but the answer marks are
implied this rule applies but may be overwritten by a Note in the Markscheme.

• Within a question part, once an error is made, no further A marks can be awarded for work
which uses the error, but M marks may be awarded if appropriate.

• If the question becomes much simpler because of an error then use discretion to award fewer
FT marks, by reflecting on what each mark is for and how that maps to the simplified version.

• If the error leads to an inappropriate value (e.g. probability greater than 1, sin θ = 1.5 , non-
integer value where integer required), do not award the mark(s) for the final answer(s).

• The markscheme may use the word “their” in a description, to indicate that candidates may be
using an incorrect value.

• If the candidate’s answer to the initial question clearly contradicts information given in the
question, it is not appropriate to award any FT marks in the subsequent parts. This includes
when candidates fail to complete a “show that” question correctly, and then in subsequent parts
use their incorrect answer rather than the given value.

• Exceptions to these FT rules will be explicitly noted on the markscheme.

• If a candidate makes an error in one part but gets the correct answer(s) to subsequent part(s),
award marks as appropriate, unless the command term was “Hence”.
 –5– M22/5/MATHY/HP3/ENG/TZ1/XX/M

5 Mis-read

If a candidate incorrectly copies values or information from the question, this is a mis-read (MR). A
candidate should be penalized only once for a particular misread. Use the MR stamp to indicate that
this has been a misread and do not award the first mark, even if this is an M mark, but award all
others as appropriate.
• If the question becomes much simpler because of the MR, then use discretion to award
fewer marks.

• If the MR leads to an inappropriate value (e.g. probability greater than 1, sin θ = 1.5 , non-integer
value where integer required), do not award the mark(s) for the final answer(s).

• Miscopying of candidates’ own work does not constitute a misread, it is an error.

• If a candidate uses a correct answer, to a “show that” question, to a higher degree of accuracy
than given in the question, this is NOT a misread and full marks may be scored in the
subsequent part.

• MR can only be applied when work is seen. For calculator questions with no working and
incorrect answers, examiners should not infer that values were read incorrectly.

6 Alternative methods
Candidates will sometimes use methods other than those in the markscheme. Unless the question
specifies a method, other correct methods should be marked in line with the markscheme. If the
command term is ‘Hence’ and not ‘Hence or otherwise’ then alternative methods are not permitted
unless covered by a note in the mark scheme.

• Alternative methods for complete questions are indicated by METHOD 1,

METHOD 2, etc.

• Alternative solutions for parts of questions are indicated by EITHER . . . OR.

 –6– M22/5/MATHY/HP3/ENG/TZ1/XX/M

7 Alternative forms
Unless the question specifies otherwise, accept equivalent forms.

• As this is an international examination, accept all alternative forms of notation for example 1.9
and 1,9 or 1000 and 1,000 and 1.000 .

• Do not accept final answers written using calculator notation. However, M marks and
intermediate A marks can be scored, when presented using calculator notation, provided the
evidence clearly reflects the demand of the mark.

• In the markscheme, equivalent numerical and algebraic forms will generally be written in
brackets immediately following the answer.

• In the markscheme, some equivalent answers will generally appear in brackets. Not all
equivalent notations/answers/methods will be presented in the markscheme and examiners are
asked to apply appropriate discretion to judge if the candidate work is equivalent.

8 Format and accuracy of answers

If the level of accuracy is specified in the question, a mark will be linked to giving the answer to the
required accuracy. If the level of accuracy is not stated in the question, the general rule applies to
final answers: unless otherwise stated in the question all numerical answers must be given exactly
or correct to three significant figures.

Where values are used in subsequent parts, the markscheme will generally use the exact value,
however candidates may also use the correct answer in subsequent parts. The markscheme will
often explicitly include the subsequent values that come “from the use of 3 sf values”.

Simplification of final answers: Candidates are advised to give final answers using good
mathematical form. In general, for an A mark to be awarded, arithmetic should be completed, and
25 5
any values that lead to integers should be simplified; for example, should be written as .
4 2
An exception to this is simplifying fractions, where lowest form is not required (although the
10
numerator and the denominator must be integers); for example, may be left in this form or
4
5 10
written as . However, should be written as 2, as it simplifies to an integer.
2 5

Algebraic expressions should be simplified by completing any operations such as addition and
2x 3x 5x 2x 3x 4x
multiplication, e.g. 4e × e should be simplified to 4e , and 4e × e − e × e should be
x

5x
simplified to 3e . Unless specified in the question, expressions do not need to be factorized, nor
2
do factorized expressions need to be expanded, so x ( x + 1) and x + x are both acceptable.

Please note: intermediate A marks do NOT need to be simplified.

 –7– M22/5/MATHY/HP3/ENG/TZ1/XX/M

9 Calculators

A GDC is required for this paper, but If you see work that suggests a candidate has used any
calculator not approved for IB DP examinations (eg CAS enabled devices), please follow the
procedures for malpractice.

10. Presentation of candidate work

Crossed out work: If a candidate has drawn a line through work on their examination script, or in
some other way crossed out their work, do not award any marks for that work unless an explicit
note from the candidate indicates that they would like the work to be marked.

More than one solution: Where a candidate offers two or more different answers to the same
question, an examiner should only mark the first response unless the candidate indicates
otherwise. If the layout of the responses makes it difficult to judge, examiners should apply
appropriate discretion to judge which is “first”.
 –8– M22/5/MATHY/HP3/ENG/TZ1/XX/M

1. (a) (i) Q (t ) =
3090 t − 54000 (3094.27...t − 54042.3...) A1A1

Note: Award at most A1A0 if answer is not an equation. Award A1A0 for an answer
including either x or y.
[2 marks]

(ii) 0.755 (0.754741…) A1

[1 mark]

(iii) t is not a random variable OR it is not a (bivariate) normal distribution

OR data is not a sample from a population
OR data appears nonlinear
OR r only measures linear correlation R1

Note: Do not accept “r is not large enough”.

[1 mark]

(b) (i) attempt to separate variables (M1)

1
∫ dQ = ∫ β N dt
Q
ln =Q β Nt + c A1A1A1

Note: Award A1 for LHS, A1 for β Nt , and A1 for +c .

Award full marks for Q = e β Nt + c OR Q = Ae β Nt .
Award M1A1A1A0 for Q = e β Nt
[4 marks]

(ii) attempt at exponential regression (M1)

0.292 t 0.292055...t
=Q 1.15e
= (Q 1.14864...e ) A1
OR
attempt at exponential regression (M1)
t t
1.15 ×1.34 (1.14864... ×1.33917... )
Q= A1

Note: Condone answers involving y or x. Condone absence of “Q =”

Award M1A0 for an incorrect answer in correct format.
[2 marks]

(iii) 0.999 (0.999431...) A1

[1 mark]
 –9– M22/5/MATHY/HP3/ENG/TZ1/XX/M

(iv) comparing something to do with R 2 and something to do with r M1

Note: Examples of where the M1 should be awarded:

R2 > r
R>r
0.999 > 0.755
0.999 > 0.7552 (=
0.563)
The “correlation coefficient” in the exponential model is larger.
Model B has a larger R 2
Examples of where the M1 should not be awarded:
The exponential model shows better correlation (since not clear how it
is being measured)
Model 2 has a better fit
Model 2 is more correlated

an unambiguous comparison between R 2 and r 2 or R and r leading

to the conclusion that the model in part (b) is more suitable / better A1

Note: Condone candidates claiming that R is the “correlation coefficient” for the
non-linear model.
[2 marks]

(v) it suggests that there will be more infected computers than the
entire population R1

Note: Accept any response that recognizes unlimited growth.

[1 mark]

ln 2
(c) 1.15e0.292t = 2.3 OR 1.15 ×1.34t =
2.3 OR t = OR using the model to
0.292
find two specific times with values of Q (t ) which double M1
t = 2.37 (days) A1

Note: Do not FT from a model which is not exponential. Award M0A0 for an answer of 2.13
which comes from using (10, 20) from the data or any other answer which finds a
doubling time from figures given in the table.
[2 marks]

(d) an attempt to calculate β for city X (M1)

0.292055... ln1.33917...
β= 6
OR β =
2.6 ×10 2.6 ×106
= 1.12328... × 10−7 A1
this is larger than 9.64 × 10−8 so the virus spreads more easily in city X R1

Note: It is possible to award M1A0R1.

Condone “so the virus spreads faster in city X” for the final R1.
[3 marks]
 – 10 – M22/5/MATHY/HP3/ENG/TZ1/XX/M

(e)
= a 38.3,
= b 3086.1 A1A1

Note: Award A1A0 if values are correct but not to 1 dp.

[2 marks]

Q′
(f) (i) = 0.42228 − 2.5561×10−6 Q (A1)(A1)
Q

Note: Award A1 for each coefficient seen – not necessarily in the equation. Do not penalize
seeing in the context of y and x.

k
identifying that the constant is k OR that the gradient is − (M1)
L
therefore k = 0.422 (0.422228...) A1
k
= 2.5561× 10−6
L
L = 165000 (165205) A1

Note: Accept a value of L of 164843 from use of 3 sf value of k, or any other value from
plausible pre-rounding.
Allow follow-through within the question part, from the equation of their line to the
final two A1 marks.
[5 marks]

(ii) recognizing that their L is the eventual number of infected (M1)

165205...
= 6.35% (6.35403...%) A1
2600000

Note: Accept any final answer consistent with their answer to part (f)(i) unless their L is less
than 120146 in which case award at most M1A0.
[2 marks]

[Total 28 marks]
 – 11 – M22/5/MATHY/HP3/ENG/TZ1/XX/M

2. (a) the size of each town is small (in comparison with the distance between the towns)
OR
if towns have an identifiable centre
OR
the centre of the town is at that point R1

Note: Accept a geographical landmark in place of “centre”, e.g. “town hall” or “capitol”.
[1 mark]

(b)

A1

Note: There is no need for a scale / coordinates here. Condone boundaries

extending beyond the metropolitan area.
[1 mark]

40 − 20
(c) (i) the gradient of IF is =2 (A1)
40 − 30
negative reciprocal of any gradient (M1)
1
gradient of perpendicular bisector = −
2

2
Note: Seeing − (for example) used clearly as a gradient anywhere is evidence of the
3
“negative reciprocal” method despite being applied to an inappropriate gradient.

 40 + 30 40 + 20 
midpoint is  ,  = (35, 30) (A1)
 2 2 
1
equation of perpendicular bisector is y − 30 =
− ( x − 35) A1
2

1 95
Note: Accept equivalent forms e.g. y =
− x+ or 2 y + x − 95 =0.
2 2
Allow FT for the final A1 from their midpoint and gradient of perpendicular
bisector, as long as the M1 has been awarded.
[4 marks]
 – 12 – M22/5/MATHY/HP3/ENG/TZ1/XX/M

(ii) the perpendicular bisector of EH is y = 20 (A1)

Note: Award this A1 if seen in the y-coordinate of any final answer or if 20 is

used as the y-value in the equation of any other perpendicular bisector.

attempt to use symmetry OR intersecting two perpendicular bisectors (M1)

 25 
 , 20  A1
 3 
(20, 2.5) A1
[4 marks]
(iii)

M1A1

Note: Award M1 for exactly four perpendicular bisectors around I (IE, IF, IG and IH) seen,
even if not in exactly the right place.
Award A1 for a completely correct diagram. Scale / coordinates are NOT necessary.
Vertices should be in approximately the correct positions but only penalized if clearly
wrong (condone northern and southern vertices appearing to be very close to the
boundary).

Condone the Voronoi diagram extending outside of the square.

Do not award follow-though marks in this part.
[2 marks]
 – 13 – M22/5/MATHY/HP3/ENG/TZ1/XX/M

(d) 30% of 40 is 12 (A1)

recognizing line intersects bisectors at y = c (or equivalent) but (M1)

different x-values
3 15 1 95
=c x1 + and c =
− x2 +
2 2 2 2
finding an expression for the distance in Isaacopolis in terms of one variable (M1)
2c − 15 8c
x2 − x1 = (95 − 2c) − = 100 −
3 3
equating their expression to 12
8c
100 − = 0.3 × 40 = 12
3
c = 33
distance = 33 (km) A1
[4 marks]

(e) (i) must be a vertex (award if vertex given as a final answer) (R1)
attempt to calculate the distance of at least one town from a vertex (M1)

Note: This must be seen as a calculation or a value.

correct calculation of distances A1

65
OR 21.7 AND 406.25 OR 20.2
3

 25 
 , 20  A1
 3 

Note: Award R1M0A0A0 for a vertex written with no other supporting calculations.
Award R1M0A0A1 for correct vertex with no other supporting calculations.
The final A1 is not dependent on the previous A1. There is no follow-through
for the final A1.

Do not accept an answer based on “uniqueness” in the question.

[4 marks]

(ii) For example, any one of the following:

decision does not take into account the different population densities
closer to a city will reduce travel time/help employees
it is closer to some cites than others R1

Note: Accept any correct reason that engages with the scenario.
Do not accept any answer to do with ethical issues about whether toxic waste
should ever be dumped, or dumped in a metropolitan area.
[1 mark]
 – 14 – M22/5/MATHY/HP3/ENG/TZ1/XX/M

(f) (i) METHOD 1

attempting M 3 M1
attempting M 4 M1
e.g.
last row/column of M 3 = ( 3 5 1 6 0 7 )
last row/column of M 4 = (10 12 4 16 1 18 )
hence Isaacopolis is the last city to be polluted A1

Note: Do not award the A1 unless both M 3 and M 4 are considered.

Award M1M0A0 for a claim that the shortest distance is from T to I
and that it is 4, without any support.

METHOD 2
attempting to translate M to a graph or a list of cities polluted on each day (M1)
correct graph or list A1

hence Isaacopolis is the last city to be polluted A1

Note: Award M1A1A1 for a clear description of the graph in words leading to the correct answer.
[3 marks]

(ii) it takes 4 days A1

[1 mark]
 – 15 – M22/5/MATHY/HP3/ENG/TZ1/XX/M

(iii) EITHER
the orders of the different vertices are:
E 2
F 1
G 2
H 2
I 1
T 2 (A1)

Note: Accept a list where each order is 2 greater than listed above.

OR
a correct diagram/graph showing the connections between
the locations (A1)

Note: Accept a diagram with loops at each vertex.

This mark should be awarded if candidate is clearly using their
correct diagram from the previous part.

THEN
“Start at F and end at I” OR “Start at I and end at F” A1

Note: Award A1A0 for “it could start at either F or I”.

Award A1A1 for “IGEHTF” OR “FTHEGI”.
Award A1A1 for “F and I” OR “I and F”.
[2 marks]

[Total 27 marks]