Experiment on Vapor Refigiration Commpression Cycle Without Load

Experiment 1: Steady state operation of thermostatic expansion valve (TEV) under

loading with fan and without fan

 Before starting the experiment, open the shut-off valve. All other capillary tubes remains
closed

 Make sure the main switch is turned on.

 Make sure the condenser and evaporator fan is turned on.

 Turn the compressor on.

 Wait until the system reaches a steady state. This is the case if the temperature no longer
varying. The steady state is reached about 20 minutes.

 Enter the measured values in the table as shown below

thermostatic expansion valve

Volumeflow 12
rate(L/h)

Input power 146.2

(W)
T1 in 0c 17
T2 in 0c 40.7
T3 in 0c 39.1
T4 in 0c -6.6
T5 in 0c 17.9
P1 in bar 1.9
P2 in bar 10
h1 in KJ/kg 414.9
h2 in KJ/kg 418.9
h3 in KJ/kg 255.1
h4 in KJ/kg 255.1
h5 in KJ/kg 415.7

Table1-analysis of experiment 1
 Result
o First we need to calculate the compression ratio of the system:-

The compression ratio is the ratio of the outlet pressure of the compressor (p2) to the
pressure at the inlet of the compressor (p1)

𝑟 = 𝑃2/𝑃1

10𝑏𝑎𝑟
r=
1.9𝑏𝑎𝑟

𝑟 = 5.263
Next we can calculate the refrigeration capacity and condensation capacity:-

o The capacity of the condenser can be determined using the mass flow and the enthalpy
difference of the condenser and first let us calculate the mass flow rate of the system from
the volume flow rate:

𝑄𝑂 = 𝑚̇ . (ℎ5 − ℎ4)

First, the system's mass flow has to be determined:

𝑚̇ = 𝑉̇ . ⍴

𝜌 = 1.12𝑘𝑔/ 𝐿

Thus, the refrigerant mass flow is calculated to:

𝑚̇ = 12𝑙/ℎ ∗ 1.12𝑘𝑔/𝑙 ∗ 1ℎ/3600𝑠

= 0.003733333𝑘𝑔/𝑠

Now the refrigeration capacity can be calculated:

𝑄0 = 𝑚̇. (ℎ5 − ℎ4)

= 0.003733333𝑘𝑔/𝑠 ∗ (415.7 – 255.1)𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔

= 0.6
Heat of condensation can be calculated

𝑄𝑐 = 𝑚̇. (ℎ2 − ℎ3)

= 0.003733333𝑘𝑔/𝑠 ∗ (418.9 – 255.1) 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔

= 0.612 𝑘𝐽/𝑠

Work input to the compressor can then be determined

𝑊̇ = 𝑄𝑐 − 𝑄0

= 0.612 𝑘𝐽/𝑠 − 0.6 𝑘𝐽/𝑠

= 0.012𝐾𝐽/𝑠

So the cop can be determined

Cop= 𝑄0/ 𝑊̇ = 0.6𝑘𝐽/𝑠 /0.012𝐾𝐽/𝑠

𝐶𝑜𝑝 = 50 𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑟

The PH diagram for experiment 1

 Discussion

 Experiment 2:- Steady state operation under load with 6m capillary tube.

PROCEDURES FOR MAKING EXPERMENT 2

In this experiment, the system operated with the 6m long capillary tube.

The evaporator fan is turned on, to put a greater load on the system. Moreover, in
this experiment the collector is by passed. To do so require the shut-off highlighted in to
be open. The other valves remain closed.

The experiment is conducted without automatic measurement data acquisition.

 PROCEDURES FOR MAKING EXPERMENT 2

Before starting the experiment, open the capillary tube 6m and All other shut-off
valve remains closed.

Turn the main switch turn on.

Turn the condenser and evaporator fans on.

Turn the compressor on.

Wait until the system reaches a steady state. This is the case if the temperature no
longer varying. The steady state is reached about 20 minutes.

Enter the measured values as shown in the table below.

 capillary tube (6m length)

Volume flow 7.5

rate (L/h)
Power input 134.1
(W)
T1 in 0c 18.9
T2 in 0c 49.4
T3 in 0c 32.1
0
T4 in c -7.7
T5 in 0c 17.8
P1 in bar 2
P2 in bar 7.9
h1 in KJ/kg 417.3

h2 in KJ/kg 432.8
h3 in KJ/kg 244.8
h4 in KJ/kg 244.8
h5 in KJ/kg 415.3

Table 4- analysis of experiment 2 (with 6m capillary tube).

Result
First we need to calculate the compression ratio of the system:-

The compression ratio is the ratio of the outlet pressure of the compressor (p2) to the
pressure at the inlet of the compressor (p1).

𝑟 = 𝑃2 /𝑃1

= 7.9𝑏𝑎𝑟/2𝑏𝑎𝑟

= 3.95

Now we can calculate the refrigeration capacity and condensation capacity:-

The capacity of the condenser can be determined using the mass flow and the
enthalpy difference of the condenser and first let us calculate the mass flow rate of the
system from the volume flow rate:
 𝑄𝑂 = 𝑚̇ . (ℎ5 − ℎ4)

First, the system's mass flow has to be determined:

𝑚̇ = 𝑉̇ . 𝜌

𝜌 = 1.12𝑘𝑔/ 𝐿 & 𝑣̇ = 7.5 𝑙⁄ℎ

Thus, the refrigerant mass flow is calculated to:

𝑚̇ = 7.5𝑙/ℎ ∗ 1.12𝑘𝑔/𝑙 ∗ 1ℎ/3600𝑠

= 0.002333𝑘𝑔/𝑠

Now the refrigeration capacity can be calculated:

𝑄𝑂 = 𝑚̇ . (ℎ5 − ℎ4)

= 0.002333𝑘𝑔/𝑠 ∗ (415.3 – 244.8)𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔

= 0.398𝑘𝐽/𝑠

Heat of condensation can be calculated

𝑄 𝑐 = 𝑚̇ . (ℎ2 − ℎ3)

= 0.002333𝑘𝑔/𝑠 ∗ (432.8 – 244.8) 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔

= 0.439 𝑘𝐽/𝑠............................ is the amount of heat rejected to the

high temperature sink.

Work done of system can be determined

𝑊̇ = 𝑄𝑐 − 𝑄𝑂

= 0.439𝑘𝐽/𝑠 − 0.398𝑘𝐽/𝑠

= 0.041𝐾𝐽/𝑠 ....................... is the total amount of work input

to the compressor.

So the COP can be determined

 𝑄0
𝐶𝑜𝑝 =
𝑊̇
𝐶𝑜𝑝 = 0.398𝑘𝐽/𝑠 /0.041𝐾𝐽/𝑠

𝐶𝑜𝑝 = 9.71 … … … 𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑟

The PH diagram for experiment 2

Experiment 3:- Steady state operation under load with 3m capillary tube.
PR0CEDURES FOR MAKING EXPERMENT 3

Before starting the experiment, open the capillary tube 3m and all other shut-off
valve remains closed.

Turn the main switch on.

Turn the condenser and evaporator fans on.

Turn the compressor on.

Wait until the system reaches a steady state. This is the case if the temperature no
longer varying. The steady state is reached about 20 minutes.
 The measured values are tabulated as below.

capillary tube (3m length)

Volume flow rate(L/h) 7

Power input (W) 134.5

T1 in 0c 17.7
T2 in 0c 66.7
T3 in 0c 38.7
T4 in 0c 1.3
T5 in 0c 15.7
P1 in bar 2.4
P2 in bar 10.2
h1 in KJ/kg 414.9
h2 in KJ/kg 447.8
h3 in KJ/kg 254.8
h4 in KJ/kg 254.8
h5 in KJ/kg 412.5

Table 5- analysis of experiment 3 (with 3m capillary tube).

Result
First we need to calculate the compression ratio of the system:-

The compression ratio is the ratio of the outlet pressure of the compressor (p2) to the
pressure at the inlet of the compressor (p1)-

𝑟 = 𝑃2 /𝑃1

= 10.2𝑏𝑎𝑟/2.4𝑏𝑎𝑟
 = 4.25

Next we can calculate the refrigeration capacity and condensation capacity:-

The capacity of the condenser can be determined using the mass flow and the
enthalpy difference of the condenser and first let us calculate the mass flow rate of the
system from the volume flow rate:

𝑄𝑂 = 𝑚̇ . (ℎ5 − ℎ4)

First, the system's mass flow has to be determined:

𝑚̇ = 𝑉̇ . 𝜌

𝜌 = 1.12𝑘𝑔/ 𝐿 & 𝑣̇ = 7𝑙⁄ℎ

Thus, the refrigerant mass flow is calculated to:

𝑚̇ = 7𝑙/ℎ ∗ 1.12𝑘𝑔/𝑙 ∗ 1ℎ/3600𝑠

= 0.00218𝑘𝑔/𝑠

Now the refrigeration capacity can be calculated:

𝑄𝑂 = 𝑚̇. (ℎ5 − ℎ4 )

= 0.00218𝑘𝑔/𝑠 ∗ (412.5 – 254.8)𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔

= 0.343 𝑘𝐽/𝑠

Heat of condensation can be calculated

𝑄𝐶 = 𝑚̇ . (ℎ2 − ℎ3)

= 0.00218𝑘𝑔/𝑠 ∗ (447.8 – 254.8) 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔

 = 0.421 𝑘𝐽/𝑠 .............................. is the amount of heat
rejected to the high temperature sink.

Work done of system can be determined

𝑊̇ = 𝑄𝐶 − 𝑄𝑂

= 0.421𝑘𝐽/𝑠 − 0.343 𝑘𝐽/𝑠

= 0.078𝐾𝐽/𝑠

So the COP can be determined

𝐶𝑜𝑝 = 𝑄𝑂 / 𝑊̇ = 0.343 𝑘𝐽/𝑠/0.078𝐾𝐽/𝑠 = 3.73

𝐶𝑜𝑝 = 4.4 … … … … … … . 𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑟

The PH diagram for experiment 3

Experiment 4:- Steady state operation under load with 1.5m capillary tube.
PROCEDURES FOR MAKING EXPERMENT 4

Before starting the experiment, open the capillary tube 1.5m and all other shut-off
valve remains closed.

Turn the main switch on.

 Turn the condenser and evaporator fans on.

Turn the compressor on.

Wait until the system reaches a steady state. This is the case if the temperature no
longer varying. The steady state is reached about 20 minutes.

The measured values are tabulated as below.

shortest capillary tube (1.5m)

Volume flowrate (L/h) 12

Power input 164.2

(W)
T1 in 0c 12
T2 in 0c 0 60.9
T3 in c 48.4
T4 in 0c -1.5
T5 in 0c 2.3
P1 in bar 2.4
P2 in bar 12.9
h1 in KJ/kg 409.2
h2 in KJ/kg 436.1
h3 in KJ/kg 269.1
h4 in KJ/kg 269.1
h5 in KJ/kg 400.4

Table 6- analysis of experiment 4 (with 1.5m capillary tube).

Result
First we need to calculate the compression ratio of the system:-
 The compression ratio is the ratio of the outlet pressure of the compressor (p2) to the
pressure at the inlet of the compressor (p1)-

𝑟 = 𝑃2 /𝑃1

= 12.9𝑏𝑎𝑟/2.4𝑏𝑎𝑟

= 5.375

And then next we can calculate the refrigeration capacity and condensation capacity:-

The capacity of the condenser can be determined using the mass flow and the
enthalpy difference of the condenser and first let us calculate the mass flow rate of the
system from the volume flow rate:

𝑄𝑂 = 𝑚̇. (ℎ5 − ℎ4 )

First, the system's mass flow has to be determined:

𝑚̇ = 𝑉̇ . 𝜌𝐾

ρ=1.12kg/ L & 𝑣̇ = 12 𝑙⁄ℎ

Thus, the refrigerant mass flow is calculated to:

𝑚̇ = 12𝑙/ℎ ∗ 1.12𝑘𝑔/𝑙 ∗ 1ℎ/3600𝑠

= 0.00373𝑘𝑔/𝑠

Now the refrigeration capacity can be calculated:

𝑄𝑂 = 𝑚̇. (ℎ5 − ℎ4 )

= 0.00373𝑘𝑔/𝑠 ∗ (400.4 – 269.1)𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔

= 0.49 𝑘𝐽/𝑠

Heat of condensation can be calculated

 𝑄𝐶 = 𝑚̇ . (ℎ2 − ℎ3)

= 0.00373𝑘𝑔/𝑠 ∗ (436.1 – 269.1) 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔

= 0.623𝑘𝐽/𝑠

Work done of system can be determined

𝑊̇ = 𝑄𝐶 − 𝑄𝑂

= 0.623 𝑘𝐽/𝑠 − 0.49 𝑘𝐽/𝑠

= 0.133𝐾𝐽/𝑠

So the COP can be determined

𝑄𝑂⁄
𝐶𝑂𝑃 =
𝑊̇
= 0.49𝐾𝐽/𝑠 /0.133𝐾𝐽/𝑠

𝐶𝑜𝑝 = 3.68 … … … … … . . 𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑟

The PH diagram for experiment 4

2.8 Discussion
 Based on the information from the experiment we got three different results which are heat of
condenser, heat of evaporator, work done of the system and Cop. thus results can be depend of
different parameters such as temperature ,enthalpy ,volume flow rate & length of the capillary
tube of the system.

Experiment Compression COP

ratio

1 5.263 50
2 3.95 9.71
3 4.25 4.4
4 5.375 3.68

Table 7- the comparison of the three capillary tubes.

 Here from the above comparison we can say that as the length of the capillary tube increases
the cop also increase. Therefore in order to have efficient refrigeration system we need to
have higher length of capillary tube. And also the compression ratio increases as the
length of the capillary tube increases.

Conclusion
o From the above 4 different experiments calculated results we can conclude that the COP of
all the capillary tubes ( with 6m,3m,1.5m) are greater than the expansion valve.so it is better
to use the capillary tube instead of the expansion valve for better coefficient of performance.

o From the previously calculated results we can conclude that we have to use longer capillary
tube to have high refrigeration effect and low power consumption of the compressor (high
COP) and the experiment shows that the compression ratio increases as the length of the
capillary tube increases so using longer capillary tube we can achieve efficient compression
at the compressor.

o And also since the experiment shows that with increasing capillary tube length both
evaporation pressure and evaporation temperature fall. And also a longer capillary tube
causes the refrigerant mass flow in the system to decrease. This also reduces the refrigeration
capacity. As a result, less energy needs to be dissipated by the condenser. Our experiment
with 1.5m have a highest refrigeration capacity but have a small cop means it dissipate more
work done so we observe experiment 2 have high cop that wise the evaporator is used
sufficiently and the system works efficiently.

References
 Refrigeration and Air Conditioning text book
 Thermal lab report on VCRS manual
 http://www.mechanicalengineeringblog.com
 http://en.m.wikipedia.org
 Principles of Refrigeration by R.J. Dossat, Pearson Education, Inc., 1997
 Refrigeration and Air Conditioning by C.P.Arora, Tata-McGraw-Hill, 2003
 www.google.com
 You tube
 A Practical Approach HEAT TRANSFER YUNUS A. CENGEL 2nd edition
 Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer - Incroperation
 Lab manual of tubular forced convection Measured data’s during experiment conduction