COMPUTER NETWORK IMPORTANT

QUESTION

1. What is the main difference between a hub and a switch?

Answer: A hub is a simple network device that broadcasts data to all connected devices, whereas a
switch is a more intelligent device that forwards data only to the specific device it is intended for.

1. What is the purpose of a router in a computer network?

Answer: A router connects multiple networks, routes traffic, and enables internet access by
forwarding data packets between networks.

1. Define the term "default gateway" and explain its significance.

Answer: The default gateway is the IP address of the router that connects a device to the internet. It
is the path through which a device sends data to destinations outside its own network.

1. How does a modem facilitate internet connectivity?

Answer: A modem modulates and demodulates signals to convert digital data into analog signals for
transmission over phone or cable lines, enabling internet connectivity.

1. What is the difference between a LAN card and a Wi-Fi card?

Answer: A LAN card (Ethernet card) connects a device to a wired network, while a Wi-Fi card
(wireless network adapter) connects a device to a wireless network.
1. What is the function of a network bridge, and when is it used?

Answer: A network bridge connects two networks with different protocols or architectures,
forwarding data between them. It is used to merge two networks into one or to connect a device to
a network with a different protocol.

1. Explain the difference between a client and a server in a computer network.

Answer: A client is a device or application that requests services or resources from a server, which is
a device or application that provides those services or resources.

1. What is the purpose of a repeater in a computer network?

Answer: A repeater amplifies and retransmits signals to extend the coverage area of a network,
overcoming signal attenuation and increasing network range.

1. Define the term "subnet mask" and explain its importance in networking.

Answer: A subnet mask is a binary number that determines the scope of a subnet, distinguishing it
from other subnets on a network. It is essential for routing and addressing devices within a network.

1. What is the difference between a TCP and a UDP protocol?

Answer: TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is a connection-oriented protocol that ensures reliable
data transfer, while UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is a connectionless protocol that prioritizes speed
over reliability.

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1. A computer is connected to a network using a RJ-45 cable. Which device does the other end of the
cable connect to?

a) Router

b) Switch

c) Hub

d) Modem

Answer: b) Switch

1. A user wants to connect to a wireless network. Which device does the user need to configure?

a) Router

b) Switch

c) Wireless Access Point (WAP)

d) Network Interface Card (NIC)

Answer: d) Network Interface Card (NIC)

1. A network administrator wants to connect two devices directly using a cable. Which type of cable
is required?

a) Straight-through cable

b) Crossover cable

c) Rollover cable

d) Fiber optic cable

Answer: b) Crossover cable

1. A router has three LAN ports and one WAN port. What is the purpose of the WAN port?

a) To connect to a LAN device

b) To connect to a WAN device (internet)

c) To connect to a switch

d) To connect to a hub

Answer: b) To connect to a WAN device (internet)

1. A computer is unable to connect to the internet. The network administrator checks the
configuration and finds that the default gateway is incorrect. Which device needs to be
reconfigured?

a) Router

b) Switch

c) Modem

d) Computer

Answer: d) Computer

1. A network uses a star topology. Which device is at the central connection point?

a) Router

b) Switch

c) Hub

d) Server

Answer: b) Switch

1. A user wants to extend the range of a wireless network. Which device can be used?

a) Repeater

b) Bridge

c) Router
d) Access Point

Answer: a) Repeater

1. A network administrator wants to connect a new device to a network. Which device assigns an IP
address to the new device?

a) Router

b) Switch

c) DHCP Server

d) DNS Server

Answer: c) DHCP Server

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1. Difference between a hub and a switch:

Hub:

- Simple network device

- Broadcasts data to all connected devices

- No intelligence, just repeats signals

Switch:

- Intelligent network device

- Forwards data only to the intended device

- Reduces collisions and improves network efficiency

Diagram:
Hub:

→ Device 1 → Device 2 → Device 3

Switch:

→ Device 1

→ Device 2

→ Device 3

1. Functions of a router:

- Connects multiple networks

- Routes traffic between networks

- Provides internet access

- Acts as a default gateway

- Enables network address translation (NAT)

1. Default gateway:

- The IP address of the router that connects a device to the internet

- The path through which a device sends data to destinations outside its own network

Diagram:

Device → Default Gateway (Router) → Internet

1. Comparison of TCP and UDP protocols:

TCP:

- Connection-oriented

- Ensures reliable data transfer

- Slower due to error checking and correction

UDP:

- Connectionless

- Prioritizes speed over reliability

- Faster, but may lose data packets

1. Purpose of a subnet mask:

- Determines the scope of a subnet

- Distinguishes between network and host addresses

- Example: 255.255.255.0 (subnet mask) applied to IP address 192.168.1.1

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UDP stands for User Datagram Protocol. It is a connectionless protocol used for transmitting data
over the internet. Here are some key features of UDP:

1. Connectionless: UDP does not establish a dedicated connection with the destination device before
transmitting data.

2. Best-effort delivery: UDP does not guarantee that data packets will be delivered to the
destination.
3. No error correction: UDP does not perform error correction, which means that corrupted data
packets may be delivered.

4. Fast transmission: UDP is generally faster than TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) because it has
lower overhead and no error correction.

5. Packet loss: UDP may lose data packets during transmission, which can result in errors or
incomplete data.

UDP is commonly used for applications that require fast transmission and can tolerate some data
loss, such as:

- Online gaming

- Video streaming

- VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol)

- DNS (Domain Name System) lookups

In summary, UDP is a protocol that prioritizes speed over reliability, making it suitable for
applications that require fast data transmission and can tolerate some data loss.

Q1. What is the difference between TCP and UDP protocols?

A1. TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is a connection-oriented protocol that ensures reliable data
transfer, while UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is a connectionless protocol that prioritizes speed over
reliability.

Q2. Which protocol is used for sending email, and how does it work?

A2. SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is used for sending email. It works by sending messages
from a mail server to another mail server, and then to the recipient's email client.
Q3. What is the purpose of the HTTP protocol, and how is it used in web browsing?

A3. HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is used for web browsing. It works by sending requests from
a client (web browser) to a server, which responds with the requested web page.

Q4. Explain the concept of port numbers in TCP/IP protocols.

A4. Port numbers are used to identify specific processes or services running on a server, allowing
multiple services to share the same IP address.

Q5. What is the difference between a connection-oriented and connectionless protocol?

A5. A connection-oriented protocol (like TCP) establishes a dedicated connection before data
transfer, while a connectionless protocol (like UDP) does not.

Q6. How does the FTP protocol work, and what are its uses?

A6. FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is used for transferring files over the internet. It works by establishing
a connection between an FTP client and server, allowing files to be uploaded or downloaded.

Q7. What is the role of the DNS protocol in resolving domain names to IP addresses?

A7. DNS (Domain Name System) resolves domain names to IP addresses, allowing users to access
websites using easy-to-remember domain names instead of IP addresses.

Q8. Explain the concept of packet switching and how it is used in networking protocols.

A8. Packet switching is a technique used in networking protocols to break data into small packets,
transmit them independently, and reassemble them at the destination.
Q9. What is the difference between a protocol and a protocol suite?

A9. A protocol is a set of rules governing data communication, while a protocol suite is a collection of
protocols working together to enable network communication (e.g., TCP/IP protocol suite).

Q10. How does the ICMP protocol work, and what are its uses in error reporting and diagnostics?

A10. ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) is used for error reporting and diagnostics, sending
messages between devices to report errors or exchange information.

Here are some questions and answers on types of networks and topology for Computer Network
Class 12:

Types of Networks:

Q1. What is a LAN (Local Area Network)?

A1. A LAN is a computer network that spans a small geographical area, typically within a building or
campus.

Q2. What is a WAN (Wide Area Network)?

A2. A WAN is a computer network that covers a large geographical area, often spanning cities or
countries.

Q3. What is a MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)?

A3. A MAN is a computer network that connects multiple LANs in a metropolitan area.

Q4. What is a WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network)?

A4. A WLAN is a wireless computer network that connects devices without cables.
Network Topology:

Q5. What is network topology?

A5. Network topology refers to the physical or logical arrangement of devices in a network.

Q6. What is a Bus topology?

A6. In a Bus topology, all devices are connected to a single cable (backbone).

Q7. What is a Star topology?

A7. In a Star topology, all devices are connected to a central device (hub or switch).

Q8. What is a Ring topology?

A8. In a Ring topology, devices are connected in a circular configuration, and data travels in one
direction.

Q9. What is a Mesh topology?

A9. In a Mesh topology, each device is connected to every other device, forming a web-like
structure.

Q10. What is a Hybrid topology?

A10. A Hybrid topology combines two or more different topologies (e.g., Star-Bus or Ring-Mesh
topology)

Web Server:

Q1. What is a web server?

A1. A web server is software that serves web pages and content over the internet.

Q2. What is the primary function of a web server?

A2. The primary function of a web server is to host and serve websites.

Q3. What is the most popular web server software?

A3. The most popular web server software is Apache.

Web Browser:

Q4. What is a web browser?

A4. A web browser is software that allows users to access and view websites on the internet.

Q5. What are some popular web browsers?

A5. Some popular web browsers include Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, and Microsoft Edge.

Q6. What is the purpose of a web browser?

A6. The purpose of a web browser is to retrieve and display web pages and content from web
servers.

Host:

Q7. What is a host in computer networking?

A7. A host is a computer or device that is connected to a network and has an IP address.

Q8. What is the difference between a host and a server?

A8. A host is a device that can act as both a client and a server, while a server is a device that only
serves resources.

Q9. What is a hostname?

A9. A hostname is a human-readable name assigned to a host, often used in URLs and domain
names.
Q10. What is the purpose of DNS (Domain Name System) in relation to hosts?

A10. DNS translates hostnames to IP addresses, allowing users to access websites using easy-to-
remember domain names instead of IP addresses

Q1. What is DNS (Domain Name System)?

A1. DNS is a system that translates human-readable domain names into IP addresses.

Q2. Why is DNS necessary?

A2. DNS is necessary because humans find it easier to remember domain names than IP addresses.

Q3. How does DNS work?

A3. DNS works by using a hierarchy of name servers to translate domain names into IP addresses.

Q4. What is a domain name?

A4. A domain name is a human-readable name assigned to an IP address (e.g., (link unavailable)).

Q5. What is an IP address?

A5. An IP address is a numerical label assigned to a device on a network (e.g., 192.0.2.1).

Q6. What is the difference between a domain name and an IP address?

A6. A domain name is a human-readable name, while an IP address is a numerical label.

Q7. What is a name server?

A7. A name server is a database that stores DNS records for a domain name.

Q8. What is a DNS record?

A8. A DNS record is a mapping of a domain name to an IP address.

Q9. What is the purpose of DNS caching?

A9. DNS caching temporarily stores DNS records to reduce the time it takes to resolve domain
names.

Q10. What is the difference between a recursive and non-recursive DNS query?

A10. A recursive query asks the DNS server to perform the entire resolution process, while a non-
recursive query asks the DNS server to return the IP address associated with a domain name.

1. What is the difference between a protocol and a port number? (3 marks)

Answer: A protocol is a set of rules for data communication (e.g., HTTP, FTP), while a port number is
a unique number assigned to a process or service (e.g., port 80 for HTTP).

1. What are the three types of IP addresses? (3 marks)

Answer: The three types of IP addresses are:

- Unicast (one-to-one)

- Multicast (one-to-many)

- Broadcast (one-to-all)

1. What is the purpose of the subnet mask? (3 marks)

Answer: The subnet mask determines the network portion of an IP address, allowing devices to
distinguish between network and host addresses.

1. What are the two types of network topologies? (4 marks)

Answer: The two main types of network topologies are:

- Physical (e.g., Bus, Star, Ring)

- Logical (e.g., LAN, WAN, MAN)

1. What is the difference between a switch and a bridge? (3 marks)

Answer: A switch is a device that connects multiple devices at the data link layer, while a bridge
connects two networks at the data link layer.

1. What are the advantages of TCP over UDP? (4 marks)

Answer: TCP ensures reliable data transfer, maintains sequence, and provides error correction, while
UDP does not guarantee delivery or maintain sequence.

1. What is the purpose of the default gateway? (3 marks)

Answer: The default gateway is the IP address of the router that connects a network to the internet,
allowing devices to access external networks.

1. What are the types of network cables? (4 marks)

Answer: The three types of network cables are:

- Coaxial cable (e.g., RG-59)

- Twisted pair cable (e.g., CAT5)

- Fiber optic cable

1. What is the difference between HTTP and HTTPS? (3 marks)

Answer: HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is used for non-secure data transfer, while HTTPS
(Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) uses SSL/TLS for secure data transfer.

1. What are the advantages of a client-server network over a peer-to-peer network? (4 marks)

Answer: Client-server networks provide centralized management, scalability, and security, while
peer-to-peer networks are decentralized and lack central control.

1. What is the purpose of the DNS server? (3 marks)

Answer: The DNS (Domain Name System) server translates domain names into IP addresses,
allowing users to access websites using easy-to-remember domain names.

1. What are the types of network protocols? (4 marks)

Answer: The three types of network protocols are:

- Network access protocols (e.g., Ethernet)

- Transport protocols (e.g., TCP, UDP)

- Internet protocols (e.g., IP, ICMP)

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