MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING &TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF ECE

INDEX

S. No Unit Topic Page no

1 OOP Concepts:- Data abstraction, encapsulation inheritance 1

I

2 Benefits of Inheritance 2
I

3 I Polymorphism, classes and objects 2

4 I Procedural and object oriented programming paradigms 3

5 I Java Programming- History of Java 4

6 I Comments, Data types, Variables, Constants 5-9

7 I Scope and Lifetime of variables 10

8 I Operators, Operator Hierarchy, Expressions 11-12

9 I Type conversion and casting, Enumerated types 12-13

Control flow- block scope, conditional statements, loops, break

10 I 13-14
and continue statements

11 I Simple java stand alone programs, arrays 14-18

12 I Console input and output, formatting output 18-19

13 I Constructors, methods, parameter passing 19-20

14 I Static fields and methods, access control, this reference, 21-30

Overloading methods and constructors, recursion, garbage

15 I 30-34
collection,
Building strings, exploring string class.
16 I 34-36
S. No Unit Topic Page no

Inheritance – Inheritance hierarchies super and sub classes,

17 II 37-40
Member access rules
super keyword, preventing inheritance: final classes and
18 II 40-41
methods, the Object class and its methods.

19 II Polymorphism – dynamic binding, method overriding, 41-42

20 II abstract classes and methods. 43

Interfaces- Interfaces Vs Abstract classes, defining an

21 II 43-44
interface, implement interfaces
Accessing implementations through interface references,
22 II 45
extendinginterface.

23 II Inner classes- Uses of inner classes, local inner classes 45-46

24 II Anonymous inner classes, static inner classes, examples. 46

25 II Packages- Defining, creating and accessing a package, 46-47

26 II Understanding CLASSPATH, importing packages. 47

Exception handling- Dealing with errors, benefits of exception

27 III 48
handling
The classification of exceptions- exception hierarchy, checked
28 III 48-50
exceptions and unchecked exceptions

29 III Usage of try, catch, throw, throws and finally, 50-54

30 III Rethrowing exceptions, exception specification, 54

31 III Built in exceptions, creating own exception sub classes. 54

Multithreading – Differences between multiple processes and

32 III 55-56
multiple threads, thread states
Creating threads, interrupting threads, thread priorities,
33 III 56-59
synchronizing threads

34 III Inter-thread communication, producer consumer pattern 59

35 III Exploring java.net and java.text. 60

S. No Unit Topic Page no

Collection Framework in Java – Introduction to java

36 IV 62
collections, Overview of java collection framework, Generics
Commonly used collection classes- Array List, Vector, Hash
37 IV 63-71
table, Stack, Enumeration, Iterator

38 IV String Tokenizer, Random, Scanner, Calendar and Properties. 71-76

Files- Streams- Byte streams, Character streams, Text

39 IV 77-82
input/output, Binary input/output
Random access file operations, File management using File
40 IV 83-84
class.
Connecting to Database – JDBC Type 1 to 4 drivers,
41 IV 85-88
Connecting to a a database,
Querying a database and processing the results, updating data
42 IV with JDBC. 89-94

GUI Programming with Java- The AWT class hierarchy,

43 V Introduction to Swing, Swing Vs AWT, Hierarchy for Swing 95-100
components
44 V Containers – Jframe, JApplet, JDialog, JPanel 100-104

Overview of some Swing components – Jbutton, JLabel,

45 V 104-108
JTextField, JTextArea, simple Swing applications,
Layout management – Layout manager types – border, grid and
46 V 109-111
flow
Event Handling- Events, Event sources, Event classes, Event
47 V 111-112
Listeners,
Relationship between Event sources and Listeners, Delegation
48 V 112-113
event model,
Handling a button click, Handling Mouse events, Adapter
49 V 114-116
classes.

50 V Applets – Inheritance hierarchy for applets 118-119

Differences between applets and applications, Life cycle of an

51 V 120
applet,

52 V Passing parameters to applets, applet security issues. 121

 MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING &TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF ECE
Unit-1
OOPs Concepts

Object Oriented Programming is a paradigm that provides many concepts such as

inheritance, data binding, polymorphism etc.

Simula is considered as the first object-oriented programming language. The programming

paradigm where everything is represented as an object is known as truly object-oriented
programming language.

Smalltalk is considered as the first truly object-oriented programming language.

OOPs (Object Oriented Programming System)

Object means a real word entity such as pen, chair, table etc. Object-Oriented Programming is
a methodology or paradigm to design a program using classes and objects. It simplifies the
software development and maintenance by providing someconcepts:

o Object
o Class
o Inheritance
o Polymorphism
o Abstraction
o Encapsulation

Object

Any entity that has state and behavior is known as an object. For example: chair, pen, table,
keyboard, bike etc. It can be physical and logical.

Class

Collection of objects is called class. It is a logical entity.

Inheritance

When one object acquires all the properties and behaviours of parent object i.e. known as
inheritance. It provides code reusability. It is used to achieve runtime polymorphism.

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 Polymorphism

When one task is performed by different ways i.e. known as polymorphism. For example: to
convince the customer differently, to draw something e.g. shape or rectangle etc.

In java, we use method overloading and method overriding to achieve polymorphism.

Another example can be to speak something e.g. cat speaks meaw, dog barks woof

etc.Abstraction

Hiding internal details and showing functionality is known as abstraction. For example: phone
call, we don't know the internal processing.

In java, we use abstract class and interface to achieve abstraction.

Encapsulation

Binding (or wrapping) code and data together into a single unit is known as encapsulation.
For example: capsule, it is wrapped with different medicines.

A java class is the example of encapsulation. Java bean is the fully encapsulated class because all
the data members are private here.

Benefits of Inheritance

 One of the key benefits of inheritance is to minimize the amount of duplicate code in an
application by sharing common code amongst several subclasses. Where equivalent code
exists in two related classes, the hierarchy can usually be refactored to move the common
code up to a mutual superclass. This also tends to result in a better organization of code and
smaller, simpler compilationunits.
 Inheritance can also make application code more flexible to change because classesthat
inherit from a common superclass can be used interchangeably. If the return type of a
method issuperclass
 Reusability - facility to use public methods of base class without rewriting thesame.
 Extensibility - extending the base class logic as per business logic of the derivedclass.

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  Data hiding - base class can decide to keep some data private so that it cannotbe
altered by the derived class
Procedural and object oriented programming paradigms

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 Java Programming- History of Java

The history of java starts from Green Team. Java team members (also known
as Green Team), initiated a revolutionary task to develop a language for digital
devices such as set-top boxes, televisionsetc.

For the green team members, it was an advance concept at that time. But, it was
suited for internet programming. Later, Java technology as incorporated by
Netscape.

Currently, Java is used in internet programming, mobile devices, games, e-business

solutions etc. There are given the major points that describes the history of java.

1) James Gosling, Mike Sheridan, and Patrick Naughton initiated the Java
language project in June 1991. The small team of sun engineers called Green
Team.

2) Originally designed for small, embedded systems in electronic appliances like set-
topboxes.

3) Firstly, it was called "Greentalk" by James Gosling and file extension was.gt.

4) After that, it was called Oak and was developed as a part of the Green
project.

Java Version History

There are many java versions that has been released. Current stable release of Java
is Java SE 8.

1. JDK Alpha and Beta (1995)

2. JDK 1.0 (23rd Jan, 1996)
3. JDK 1.1 (19th Feb, 1997)
4. J2SE 1.2 (8th Dec, 1998)
5. J2SE 1.3 (8th May, 2000)
6. J2SE 1.4 (6th Feb, 2002)
7. J2SE 5.0 (30th Sep,2004)
8. Java SE 6 (11th Dec,2006)
9. Java SE 7 (28th July, 2011)
10.Java SE 8 (18th March,2014)

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Features of Java
There is given many features of java. They are also known as java buzzwords. The Java Features
given below are simple and easy to understand.
1. Simple
2. Object-Oriented
3. Portable
4. Platformindependent
5. Secured
6. Robust
7. Architectureneutral
8. Dynamic
9. Interpreted
10. HighPerformance
11. Multithreaded
12. Distributed

Java Comments
The java comments are statements that are not executed by the compiler and interpreter. The
comments can be used to provide information or explanation about the variable, method, class or
any statement. It can also be used to hide program code for specific time.

Types of Java Comments

There are 3 types of comments in java.

1. Single LineComment
2. Multi LineComment
3. DocumentationComment

Java Single Line Comment

The single line comment is used to comment only one line.

Syntax:

1. //This is single line comment

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 Example:

public class CommentExample1 {

public static void main(String[] args) {
int i=10;//Here, i is a variable
System.out.println(i);
}
}

Output:

10

Java Multi Line Comment

The multi line comment is used to comment multiple lines of code.

Syntax:

/*
This
is
multi line
comment
*/

Example:

public class CommentExample2 {

public static void main(String[] args) {
/* Let's declare and
print variable in java.*/
inti=10;
System.out.println(i);
}}

Output:

10

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