0% found this document useful (0 votes)
8 views

Scheduling in Parallel and Distributed Computing

Uploaded by

safia sadaf
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
8 views

Scheduling in Parallel and Distributed Computing

Uploaded by

safia sadaf
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

Scheduling in Parallel and Distributed Computing

Scheduling refers to the process of assigning tasks to computing resources (e.g., processors,
cores, nodes) in a way that optimizes performance, resource utilization, and efficiency. Effective
scheduling minimizes execution time, reduces idle times, and balances workloads.

Key Scheduling Strategies:

1. First-Come, First-Served (FCFS):


o Description: Tasks are executed in the order they arrive.
o Advantages: Simple and easy to implement.
o Disadvantages: Can lead to long wait times, especially for shorter tasks if longer ones
arrive first (convoy effect).
2. Round Robin (RR):
o Description: Tasks are assigned time slices in a cyclic order, giving each task an equal
opportunity to run.
o Advantages: Fair and simple, avoids starvation.
o Disadvantages: Context switching overhead, not ideal for tasks with varying execution
times.
3. Priority Scheduling:
o Description: Tasks are assigned priorities, with higher priority tasks executed first.
o Advantages: Useful for prioritizing critical tasks.
o Disadvantages: Risk of lower-priority tasks starving.
4. Shortest Job First (SJF):
o Description: Executes the task with the shortest execution time first.
o Advantages: Minimizes average wait time.
o Disadvantages: Requires knowledge of task execution time, may lead to starvation of
longer tasks.
5. Multilevel Queue Scheduling:
o Description: Tasks are grouped into queues based on characteristics (e.g., interactive,
batch) and scheduled accordingly.
o Advantages: Separates tasks based on behavior, improving response times for interactive
tasks.
o Disadvantages: Complex to manage, requires tuning of queue priorities.
6. Fair Share Scheduling:
o Description: Ensures that resources are fairly distributed among users or tasks based on
pre-defined shares.
o Advantages: Ensures balanced resource usage across different jobs or users.
o Disadvantages: Can be difficult to configure optimally for varied workloads.
7. Gang Scheduling:
o Description: Schedules related tasks (e.g., threads of a parallel program) to run
simultaneously on different processors.
o Advantages: Reduces synchronization delays, improves performance for tightly coupled
tasks.
o Disadvantages: Needs coordinated resource allocation, which can be complex.
8. Backfilling:
o Description: Allows lower-priority tasks to "fill in" scheduling gaps created by waiting for
high-priority tasks to start.
o Advantages: Increases resource utilization and reduces wait times.
o Disadvantages: Can lead to complexity in maintaining the scheduling order.

Popular Scheduling Tools:

1. Slurm (Simple Linux Utility for Resource Management):


o Widely used for managing job scheduling on large clusters and supercomputers.
o Supports advanced scheduling techniques like backfilling, job priorities, and resource
reservations.
2. HTCondor:
o Specializes in managing high-throughput computing jobs across distributed resources.
o Effective for complex workflows, data-intensive applications, and job prioritization.
3. Apache Mesos:
o A cluster manager that abstracts CPU, memory, storage, and other resources, allowing
applications to share and manage resources dynamically.
o Used in data centers to manage containerized applications and big data workloads.
4. Kubernetes Scheduler:
o A core component of Kubernetes that manages pod scheduling across a cluster, taking
into account resource requirements, affinity, and constraints.
o Ideal for containerized applications, microservices, and cloud-native environments.
5. PBS (Portable Batch System):
o A job scheduling system used in HPC environments for managing batch and interactive
workloads.
o Provides capabilities like job queuing, resource allocation, and job prioritization.

You might also like