Lecture 5 - 2
Lecture 5 - 2
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
LECTURE 5
3.5 Nonhomogeneous Equations;
Method of Undetermined Coefficients
However,
Assume
Example Find a particular solution of
Example Find a particular solution of
Assume
Substitute into the equation:
An important property
=0
Substitute these in
=2 =0
3.6 Variation of Parameters (due to Lagrange)
This method does not need any assumptions about the form of
the solution, so it is a general method.
Example Find a particular solution of
2 equations
2 unknowns
Solve these two equations for and
Hint:
If you put constants of integration you get the general solution
automatically.
If you don’t put constants of integration you get only
the particular solution.
The General Derivation
Consider
2 equations
2 unknowns
Example
3.7 Mechanical and Electrical Vibrations (Pg. 192)
RLC Circuit
Mass-spring –damper system
In general:
Consider the homogeneous equation:
Characteristic Equation:
Overdamped Case: ( )
Critically dampled case ( )
and repeated
Underdamped case ( )
Undamped Free Vibrations
Example
A series circuit has a capacitor of ,, , a resistor
of , and an inductor of . The initial charge
on the capacitor is zero. If a 12-volt battery is connected to
the circuit and the circuit is closed at t = 0, determine the
charge on the capacitor at t = 0.001 s,
at t = 0.01 s, and at any time t. Also determine the
limiting charge as
Homogeneous Equation:
Assume:
CHAPTER 4
Higher Order Linear Equations
4.1 General Theory of nth Order Linear Equations
Solution:
Can every solution be expressed as a linear combination of
?
This will be true if, regardless of the initial conditions that are
prescribed, it is possible to choose the constants so
that the initial conditions are satisfied.
• This will be true if we can find constants such that for any choice of
and for any choice of we can determine
• such that:
• is not zero at
A set of solutions whose Wronskian is nonzero is
referred to as a fundamental set of solutions.
If
It is possible to write:
• Proof: Refer to page 225.
Nonhomogeneous Equation
where
Characteristic
polynomial
Characteristic
equation
For those values of r for which it follows that
and is a solution.
Since we know that is a polynomial of degree n
and therefore has n zeros.
Assuming
IC’s
Example Find the general solution of
Substitute
IC’s
Example Find the general solution of
Characteristic equation: