Networking Commands

1. nmap:

nmap scanme.nmap.org

1. This command scans the host “scanme.nmap.org” to

discover open ports and services.
2. tcpdump:

sudo tcpdump -i eth0 tcp port 80

2. This command captures and displays traffic on

interface eth0, specifically for TCP traffic on port 80 (HTTP).
3. lsof:

lsof -i TCP:22

3. This command lists processes that are using TCP port

22 (SSH).
4. iftop:

sudo iftop -n -i eth0

 4. This command displays real-time network bandwidth
usage on interface eth0.
5. iwconfig (Linux):

iwconfig wlan0

5. This command displays the configuration of the

wireless interface wlan0.

6. dig:

dig example.com

6. This command queries DNS servers to retrieve

information about the domain “example.com”.
7. route (Linux):

route -n

7. This command displays the routing table on a Linux

system.
8. ss:
ss -tuln

8. This command shows all TCP and UDP listening ports

on the system.
9. telnet:

telnet example.com 80

9. This command establishes a connection to the HTTP

service (port 80) on the server “example.com” using Telnet.
10. netsh (Windows):

netsh interface ipv4 show addresses

11. arp:

arp -a

11. This command displays the ARP cache, showing the

mappings between IP addresses and MAC addresses on your
local network.
12. ipconfig (Windows) / ifconfig (Linux/macOS):

ipconfig /all
 12. or

ifconfig -a

12. These commands display detailed information about

all network interfaces on your system.
13. traceroute (Windows) / traceroute (Linux/macOS):

traceroute google.com

13. This command traces the route that packets take to

reach the specified destination (in this case, “google.com”).
14. curl:

curl https://www.example.com

14. This command retrieves the content of a web page

from the specified URL using the HTTP protocol.
15. wget:

wget https://www.example.com/file.txt
 15. This command downloads a file from the specified URL
using HTTP, HTTPS, or FTP.
16. ssh:

ssh username@hostname

16. This command establishes an SSH connection to the

specified hostname with the provided username.
17. netstat:

netstat -ano

17. This command displays active network connections,

listening ports, and related information.
18. ip (Linux):

ip addr show

18. This command displays IP addresses and related

information for all network interfaces.
19. iwconfig (Linux):

iwconfig
 19. This command displays wireless network interface
configuration.
20. nslookup:

nslookup example.com

20. This command queries DNS servers to retrieve

information about the specified domain.
21. iftop:

sudo iftop -i eth0

21. This command displays a real-time view of network

bandwidth usage on interface eth0.
22. nmap:

nmap -sS target_ip

22. This command performs a TCP SYN scan on the

specified target IP address.
23. tcpdump:

sudo tcpdump -i eth0 port 80

 23. This command captures and displays HTTP traffic on
interface eth0.
24. lsof:

lsof -i :port_number

24. This command lists processes that are using the

specified port number.
25. ss:

ss -tulnp

25. This command shows TCP and UDP listening ports

along with the associated process names.
26. dig:

dig +short example.com

26. This command retrieves the IP address of the specified

domain in a concise format.
27. route (Linux):

route -n
 27. This command displays the kernel routing table in a
numeric format.
28. telnet:

telnet example.com 22

28. This command establishes a Telnet connection to the

specified hostname and port number.
29. netsh (Windows):

netsh interface ipv4 show interfaces

29. This command displays a list of network interfaces with

their state and metrics.
30. ipconfig (Windows) / ifconfig (Linux/macOS):

ipconfig /flushdns

30. or

sudo ifconfig eth0 down

 30. These commands respectively flush the DNS resolver
cache on Windows or bring down the eth0 network interface on
Linux/macOS.
31. scp:

scp file.txt username@hostname:/remote/directory

31. This command securely copies a file from the local

system to a remote system using SSH.
32. sftp:

sftp username@hostname

32. This command establishes an interactive FTP-like

session for transferring files securely over SSH.
33. iptraf-ng:

sudo iptraf-ng

33. This command starts an interactive ncurses-based tool

for monitoring network traffic in real-time.
34. mtr:

mtr google.com
 34. This command combines the functionality of
traceroute and ping to provide detailed network diagnostics.
35. arping:

arping -c 3 192.168.1.1

35. This command sends ARP requests to a specific IP

address to determine if it’s reachable on the local network.
36. route (Windows):

route print

36. This command displays the routing table on a Windows

system.
37. nsupdate:

nsupdate -k /path/to/keyfile

37. This command interactively updates DNS records

using the DNS UPDATE protocol.
38. nmcli (Linux):

nmcli device show

 38. This command displays information about network
devices and their configuration using NetworkManager.
39. host:

host 8.8.8.8

39. This command performs DNS lookups to retrieve

domain names associated with an IP address.
40. curl with headers:

curl -I https://www.example.com

40. This command retrieves only the HTTP headers from

the specified URL using curl.
41. wget with bandwidth limit:

wget --limit-rate=100k https://www.example.com/file.txt

41. This command downloads a file from the specified URL

with a specified bandwidth limit.
42. ssh with port forwarding:

ssh -L 8080:localhost:80 username@hostname

 42. This command establishes an SSH connection with
local port forwarding, forwarding traffic from port 8080 on the
local machine to port 80 on the remote machine.
43. netcat (nc):

nc -l -p 1234

43. This command listens on port 1234 for incoming

connections, useful for testing network connectivity.
44. traceroute with ICMP:

traceroute -I google.com

44. This command performs traceroute using ICMP echo

requests instead of UDP packets.
45. tcpdump with specific source IP:

sudo tcpdump src host 192.168.1.100

45. This command captures packets with a specific source

IP address.
46. iftop with filtering:
sudo iftop -i eth0 -f "src net 192.168.0.0/16"

46. This command displays bandwidth usage only for

traffic originating from the specified network.
47. nmap with OS detection:

nmap -O target_ip

47. This command performs an Nmap scan with operating

system detection on the specified target IP address.
48. nslookup with specific DNS server:

nslookup example.com 8.8.8.8

48. This command performs a DNS lookup using the

specified DNS server (in this case, Google’s public DNS server).
49. iptraf-ng with filter:

sudo iptraf-ng -B -L /path/to/logfile

49. This command starts iptraf-ng with bandwidth

monitoring and logs the output to a specified file.
50. arping with interface:
arping -I eth0 192.168.1.1

50. This command sends ARP requests through the

specified network interface.
51. iptables (Linux):

sudo iptables -L

51. This command lists all current firewall rules configured

using iptables on a Linux system.
52. route print (Windows):

route print

52. This command displays the IPv4 routing table on a

Windows system, showing the network destinations, gateways,
and interface metrics.
53. ipfw (macOS):

sudo ipfw list

53. This command lists the current firewall rules

configured using ipfw on a macOS system.
54. ipfw (FreeBSD):
sudo ipfw list

54. This command lists the firewall rules configured using

ipfw on a FreeBSD system.
55. netcat (nc) file transfer:

nc -l -p 1234 > received_file

55. This command listens on port 1234 and saves the

received data to a file named “received_file”.
56. scp with specific port:

scp -P 2222 file.txt username@hostname:/remote/directory

56. This command securely copies a file to a remote

system using SSH on port 2222.

57. ipset:

sudo ipset list

57. This command displays the current IP sets configured

on the system.
 58. ssh-keygen:

ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096

58. This command generates an RSA SSH key pair with a

key size of 4096 bits.
59. sshd_config (OpenSSH):

sudo nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config

59. This command opens the OpenSSH server

configuration file for editing.
60. dig with specific DNS server:

dig @8.8.4.4 example.com

60. This command performs a DNS lookup using the

specified DNS server (in this case, Google’s public DNS server
8.8.4.4).
61. netstat with specific protocol:

netstat -tuln

61. This command displays listening TCP and UDP ports.

 62. ss with specific state:

ss -t state established

62. This command displays established TCP connections.

63. traceroute with maximum hops:

traceroute -m 20 google.com

63. This command traces the route to Google with a

maximum of 20 hops.
64. curl with output to file:

curl -o output.txt https://www.example.com

64. This command downloads the content of a web page

and saves it to a file named “output.txt”.
65. wget with recursive download:

wget -r -np https://www.example.com/directory/

65. This command recursively downloads all files from the

specified directory on a website.
 66. scp with recursive copy:

scp -r local_directory username@hostname:/remote/directory

66. This command securely copies a directory and its

contents to a remote system using SSH.
67. sftp with batch mode:

sftp -b batchfile.txt username@hostname

67. This command performs batch mode file transfers

using SFTP.
68. nmcli (NetworkManager) with connection status:

nmcli connection show

68. This command displays the status of NetworkManager

connections.
69. ipfs (InterPlanetary File System):

ipfs cat /ipfs/QmHash/file.txt

69. This command retrieves a file from the InterPlanetary

File System (IPFS) using its hash.
 70. iperf3 (network performance testing):

iperf3 -c server_ip

70. This command tests network bandwidth between the

local machine and a specified server.
71. curl with POST request:

curl -X POST -d 'param1=value1&param2=value2'

https://api.example.com

71. This command sends a POST request with form data to

a specified API endpoint.
72. wget with user-agent header:

wget --user-agent="Mozilla/5.0" https://www.example.com

72. This command downloads a web page pretending to be

a Mozilla browser.
73. ssh with specific private key:

ssh -i /path/to/private_key username@hostname

 73. This command connects to a remote server using SSH
with a specific private key.
74. netcat (nc) with listening mode:

nc -l -p 1234

74. This command listens for incoming connections on

port 1234.
75. traceroute with IPv6:

traceroute6 ipv6.google.com

75. This command traces the route to Google’s IPv6

address.
76. nslookup with reverse lookup:

nslookup 8.8.8.8

76. This command performs a reverse DNS lookup for the

IP address 8.8.8.8.
77. ipfw with port forwarding:

sudo ipfw add 100 fwd 192.168.1.2,80 tcp from any to any 8080
 77. This command forwards incoming TCP traffic on port
8080 to port 80 of the specified IP address.
78. iptables with NAT:

sudo iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE

78. This command configures iptables to perform network

address translation (NAT) on outgoing packets on interface eth0.
79. arp-scan:

sudo arp-scan --localnet

79. This command scans the local network for live hosts
using ARP.
80. sshd with password authentication disabled:

sudo nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config

80. Edit the SSH server configuration file to disable

password authentication.
81. netcat (nc) with file transfer:

nc -l -p 1234 < file.txt

 81. This command listens on port 1234 and sends the
contents of file.txt to any connecting client.
82. scp with specific cipher:

scp -c aes256 file.txt username@hostname:/remote/directory

82. This command securely copies a file to a remote

system using the AES-256 encryption cipher.
83. sftp with public key authentication:

sftp -i /path/to/private_key username@hostname

83. This command performs SFTP file transfers using

public key authentication.
84. nmcli with Wi-Fi connection details:

nmcli device wifi list

84. This command lists available Wi-Fi networks and their

signal strengths.
85. ipfs with file sharing:

ipfs add file.txt

 85. This command adds a file to the IPFS network for
sharing.
86. iperf3 with specific port:

iperf3 -c server_ip -p 5001

86. This command tests network bandwidth using port

5001 instead of the default port.
87. curl with cookies:

curl --cookie "session_id=123456" https://www.example.com

87. This command sends an HTTP request with a cookie

named “session_id” set to “123456”.
88. wget with retry option:

wget --tries=3 https://www.example.com/file.txt

88. This command retries the download three times if it

fails.
89. ssh with X11 forwarding:

ssh -X username@hostname
 89. This command establishes an SSH connection with
X11 forwarding enabled for GUI applications.
90. netcat (nc) with UDP:

nc -u -l -p 1234

90. This command listens for incoming UDP packets on

port 1234.
91. traceroute with specific interface:

traceroute -i eth0 google.com

91. This command traces the route to Google using the

specified network interface.
92. nslookup with specific DNS server and record type:

nslookup -type=mx example.com 8.8.8.8

93. ipfw with port range:

sudo ipfw add 100 allow tcp from any to any 8000-9000

93. This command allows TCP traffic on ports 8000 to

9000.
 94. iptables with specific source IP:

sudo iptables -A INPUT -s 192.168.1.100 -j DROP

94. This command drops all incoming packets from the

specified source IP address.
95. arp-scan with specific network interface:

sudo arp-scan --interface=eth0 --localnet

95. This command scans the local network using the eth0
interface.
96. sshd with specific listening address:

sudo nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config

96. Edit the SSH server configuration file to listen on a

specific address.
97. netcat (nc) with verbose output:

nc -l -v -p 1234

97. This command listens on port 1234 and provides

verbose output.
 98. scp with verbose output:

scp -v file.txt username@hostname:/remote/directory

98. This command securely copies a file to a remote

system and provides verbose output.
99. sftp with verbose output:

sftp -v username@hostname

99. This command establishes an SFTP session and

provides verbose output.
100. nmcli with VPN connections:

nmcli connection show --active

100. This command displays active network connections,

including VPN connections.
101. ipfs with file sharing and pinning:

ipfs pin add QmHash

101. This command pins a file to ensure it remains available

on the IPFS network even if the original uploader goes offline.
 102. iperf3 with parallel streams:

iperf3 -c server_ip -P 5

102. This command tests network bandwidth using 5

parallel streams.
103. curl with basic authentication:

curl -u username:password https://api.example.com

103. This command sends an HTTP request with basic

authentication credentials.
104. wget with quiet mode:

wget -q https://www.example.com/file.txt

104. This command downloads a file quietly without

showing progress or messages.
105. ssh with port forwarding and SOCKS proxy:

ssh -D 8080 -f -C -q -N username@hostname

105. This command establishes an SSH connection with

dynamic port forwarding and starts a SOCKS proxy on port 8080.
 106. netcat (nc) with verbose output and listening on all
interfaces:

nc -l -v -p 1234 -k

106. This command listens on port 1234 on all available

interfaces and provides verbose output.
107. traceroute with ICMP and specific source address:

traceroute -i eth0 -s 192.168.1.100 google.com

107. This command traces the route to Google using ICMP

packets with a specific source IP address.
108. nslookup with reverse lookup and specific DNS server:

nslookup 8.8.8.8 8.8.8.8

108. This command performs a reverse DNS lookup for the

IP address 8.8.8.8 using Google’s public DNS server.
109. ipfw with logging:

sudo ipfw add 100 allow tcp from any to any 22 log

109. This command allows TCP traffic on port 22 and logs it.
 110. iptables with rate limiting:

sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -m state --state NEW -m

limit --limit 3/minute --limit-burst 3 -j ACCEPT

110. This command limits the rate of incoming SSH

connections to 3 per minute.
111. arp-scan with output to file:

sudo arp-scan --localnet > scan_results.txt

111. This command scans the local network and saves the
results to a file named “scan_results.txt”.
112. sshd with specific listening port:

sudo nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config

112. Edit the SSH server configuration file to listen on a

specific port.
113. netcat (nc) with data transfer in hex format:

echo "48656C6C6F20576F726C64" | xxd -r -p | nc -l -p 1234

 113. This command listens on port 1234 and transfers data
in hexadecimal format.
114. scp with compression:

scp -C file.txt username@hostname:/remote/directory

114. This command securely copies a file to a remote

system using compression.
115. sftp with specific SSH key:

sftp -i /path/to/private_key username@hostname

115. This command establishes an SFTP session using a

specific SSH key for authentication.
116. nmcli with specific connection details:

nmcli connection show "Wired connection 1"

116. This command displays details about a specific

NetworkManager connection.
117. ipfs with file sharing and encryption:

ipfs add --encrypt file.txt

 117. This command adds a file to the IPFS network with
encryption.
118. iperf3 with UDP and specific port:

iperf3 -c server_ip -u -p 5001

118. This command tests UDP bandwidth using port 5001.

119. curl with multipart form data:

curl -F "file=@/path/to/file.txt" https://api.example.com/upload

119. This command sends a POST request with multipart

form data, including a file upload.
120. wget with timestamping:

wget -N https://www.example.com/file.txt

120. This command downloads a file only if it is newer than

the local copy, based on timestamps.
121. ssh with X11 forwarding and specific display:

ssh -X -o "ForwardX11Display=localhost:0"
username@hostname
 121. This command establishes an SSH connection with
X11 forwarding and specifies the display.
122. netcat (nc) with verbose output and listening on
specific IP address:

nc -l -v -p 1234 -s 192.168.1.100

122. This command listens on port 1234 on the specified IP

address and provides verbose output.
123. traceroute with specific timeout:

traceroute -w 2 google.com

123. This command traces the route to Google with a

timeout of 2 seconds for each probe.
124. nslookup with specific DNS server and record type:

nslookup -type=txt example.com 8.8.8.8

124. This command performs a DNS lookup for TXT records

for the domain “example