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My SQL Map

My Sql Map

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18 views4 pages

My SQL Map

My Sql Map

Uploaded by

karthik3680
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Comprehensive SQL Learning Roadmap

1. SQL Basics

- SQL Syntax: Basic SQL commands like SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE.

Example:

SELECT * FROM Employees WHERE Department = 'Sales';

- Data Types: Common data types include INT, VARCHAR, DATE, etc.

Example:

CREATE TABLE Employees (EmployeeID INT, Name VARCHAR(100), HireDate DATE);

- Filtering Data: Use WHERE to filter rows.

Example:

SELECT Name FROM Employees WHERE Salary > 50000;

- Sorting Data: Use ORDER BY to sort the result.

Example:

SELECT Name, Salary FROM Employees ORDER BY Salary DESC;

- Basic Operators: SQL has comparison (e.g., =, <, >) and logical operators (e.g., AND, OR).

Example:

SELECT * FROM Employees WHERE Salary > 50000 AND Department = 'IT';

2. Joins and Relationships

- INNER JOIN: Combines rows from two or more tables based on a related column.

Example:

SELECT Employees.Name, Departments.DepartmentName


FROM Employees INNER JOIN Departments ON Employees.DepartmentID =

Departments.DepartmentID;

- LEFT JOIN: Retrieves all records from the left table, and matched records from the right table.

Example:

SELECT Employees.Name, Departments.DepartmentName

FROM Employees LEFT JOIN Departments ON Employees.DepartmentID =

Departments.DepartmentID;

- Primary and Foreign Keys: Used to uniquely identify rows and enforce relationships.

Example:

CREATE TABLE Departments (

DepartmentID INT PRIMARY KEY,

DepartmentName VARCHAR(100)

);

CREATE TABLE Employees (

EmployeeID INT PRIMARY KEY,

Name VARCHAR(100),

DepartmentID INT,

FOREIGN KEY (DepartmentID) REFERENCES Departments(DepartmentID)

);

3. Aggregate Functions

- COUNT: Returns the number of rows.

Example:

SELECT COUNT(*) FROM Employees;


- SUM: Adds up numeric values.

Example:

SELECT SUM(Salary) FROM Employees WHERE Department = 'Sales';

- GROUP BY: Groups rows that share a property, often used with aggregate functions.

Example:

SELECT Department, AVG(Salary) FROM Employees GROUP BY Department;

- HAVING: Filters groups after GROUP BY.

Example:

SELECT Department, COUNT(*) FROM Employees GROUP BY Department HAVING

COUNT(*) > 10;

4. Subqueries

- Simple Subquery: A query inside another query.

Example:

SELECT Name FROM Employees WHERE DepartmentID = (SELECT DepartmentID FROM

Departments WHERE DepartmentName = 'IT');

- Correlated Subquery: Refers to the outer query, executed row by row.

Example:

SELECT Name, Salary FROM Employees E WHERE Salary > (SELECT AVG(Salary) FROM

Employees WHERE DepartmentID = E.DepartmentID);

5. Set Operations

- UNION: Combines result sets of two queries, removing duplicates.


Example:

SELECT Name FROM Employees UNION SELECT Name FROM Contractors;

- UNION ALL: Similar to UNION, but allows duplicates.

Example:

SELECT Name FROM Employees UNION ALL SELECT Name FROM Contractors;

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