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Sr.
No Function (syntax) Description
1. Initcap(str) Converts first letter of string to capital letter. Example: Select initcap(‘rdbms’) from dual; 2. Lower(char) Converts a string to all lowercase characters. Example: Select lower(‘RDBMS’) from dual; 3. Upper(char) Converts a string to all uppercase chracters. Example: Select upper(‘rdbms’) from dual; 4. Length(char) Find outs the length of given string. Example: Select length(‘RDBMS’) from dual; 5. Ltrim(char,set) It trim from the left of character string. Example: Select Ltrim(‘manas khan’, ‘manas’) from 6. Rtrim(char,set) It trim from the Right of character string. Example: Select Rtrim(‘manas khan’, ‘khan’) from dual; 7.Lpad(char1,length,char2) It returns char1, left-padded to given length with the sequence of characters in char2. Example: Select Lpad(‘SKY’, 8, ‘*’) from dual; 8. Rpad(char1,length,char2) It returns char1, right-padded to given length with the sequence of characters in char2. Example: Select Lpad(‘SKY’, 8, ‘*’) from dual; 9 Translate(char,from string, to string) It returns expr with all occurrences of each character in from_string replaced by its corresponding character in to_string. Select translate(Hickory,’H’,’D’) from dual 10 Replace(char,searchstring,[repstring]) It returns character string with each occurrences of searchstring replaced with [repstring] Example: Select replace(‘Tick and Tock’,’T’,’Cl’) from dual; 11 Substr(char,m,n) It returns substring of character string that stack at m character and is of length n Example: Select substr(Triangle’4,5) from dual; 12 Concat (str, str2) It merges two or more strings or a string and a data value together Example: select concat('summer ','18') from dual; 13 Chr(n) Returns a character binary equivalent of n.select chr(65) from dual; 14 Asci(char) Returns a decimal representation of a character. select ascii(‘A’) from dual;