Higher Math

2nd Paper
Chapter-07
Inverse Trigonometric Function and
Trigonometic Equations
➢ Important Topics of this Chapter for Creative Question of (a), (b) & (c):
Times
Board & Year the Questions
Questions
Importance Topic Have Appeared
Appeared
a b c CQ
Ctg.B’23,22,19; SB’23,22,21,18;
 T-01: Value of function 23 7 1 Din.B’23,22,21,19,18; MB’23;
JB’22,21,19,18; CB’22,21; RB’21,19
DB’23,22,21,19,18;
T-02: Proofs related to inverse RB’23,22,21,19; Ctg.B’23,22,21;
 17 16 10 SB’23,22,21,18; BB’23,22,21,18;
trigonometric functions
JB’23,22,21,18; CB’23,22,21;
Din.B’23,22,21,18; MB’22,21
T-03: Trigonometric equation in the DB’23,21; Ctg.B’23,21; BB’23,22,19;
 form of 𝐚 𝐜𝐨𝐬 + 𝐛 𝐬𝐢𝐧 = - 6 10 CB’23,22; SB’22; RB’21,19; MB’21;
𝐜 [|𝐜| ≤ √𝐚𝟐 + 𝐛 𝟐 ] JB’19
T-04: Problems related with
 - 1 - RB’21; Ctg.B’21,19
applying square law
T-05: Problems regarding
trigonometric equations
 2 - 4 BB, JB’23; MB’21; Din.B’19; SB’17
containing 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝛉 , 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝛉 , 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝛉,
𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝛉
T-06: Problems with odd number of RB’23,21; SB’23,21; JB’23,22;
 - - 6 CB’23,21; Din.B’23; DB’22,21;
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝛉 , 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝛉 terms
Ctg.B’21
T-07: While trigonometric ratio like
RB’22; SB, BB, JB, CB, Din.B’21;
 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝛉 , 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝛉 etc remain in - 2 4
DB’19
multiple times
T-08: Problems which carry quadratic MB’23; Ctg.B’22; Din.B’22,18;
 3 2 4
terms of 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝛉 , 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝛉 , 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝛉 , 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝛉 DB’21,18; SB’21,18; JB’21,18

T-01: Value of function

01. (a) Find the value of sin cot −1 tan sec −1 x. [Ctg.B’23]
Solution
(a) sin cot −1 tan sec −1 x = 1

1
 √x2 −1 1 1
= sin cot −1 tan tan−1 = sin cot −1 √x 2 − 1 = sin sin−1 =
1 x x

1 1
02. (a) Show that, sec 2 (cot −1 2) + cosec 2 (tan−1 3) = 15 [SB’23]
Solution
1 1 1
(a) L. H. S = sec 2 (cot −1 2) + cosec 2 (tan−1 3) = sec 2 (tan−1 2) + cosec 2 (cot −1 3) [∵ tan−1 x = cot −1 x]
= 1 + tan2 (tan−1 2) + 1 + cot 2(cot −1 3) = 1 + 22 + 1 + 32 = 15 (Ans.)
1 1
03. (a) Find the value of cos −2 (sin−1 )− sin2 (cos −1 ). [Din.B’23]
√3 √2
Solution
1 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 4 1 5
(a) cos2 (sin−1 )− sin2 (cos −1 ) = {cos (cos−1 )} − {sin (sin−1 )} = ( 3) − ( 2) = 3 − 2 = 6
√3 √2 √3 √2 √ √
2
04. (a) Find the value of sin cos −1 tan sec −1 . [MB’23]
√3
Solution
2 π
(a) sin cos−1 tan sec −1 = sin cos −1 tan
√3 6

05. Scenario-1: q = tan−1 p, −∞ < p < ∞. [MB’23]

(b) Draw the graph of the equation of Scenario-1.
Solution
(b) According to scenario-1, q = tan−1 P
For variaes values of p ∈ (−∝, ∝) we determine corresponding values of q = tan−1 p:
p −1 1 0 1 1
−√3 − √3
√3 √3
π π π π π π
q = tan−1 p −3 −4 −6 0
6 4 3
In a graph we draw axes X′OX and YOY′ .

1
06. (a) Find the principal value of cos−1 sin cos−1 . [Ctg.B’22]
√2
Solution
1 1
(a) cos−1 sin cos−1 = cos −1 sin sin−1
√2 √2
1 π
= cos −1 =
√2 4

2
 1
07. (a) Find the value of cos2 (sin−1 ). [SB’22]
√3

Solution

1 2 2
(a) cos 2 (sin−1 ) = cos 2 (cos−1 √ ) =
√3 3 3

4 2
08. (a) Find the value of sin−1 + cos−1 . [JB’22]
5 √5

Solution
4 1
4 2 4 1 + 11
(a) sin−1 5 + cos−1 = tan−1 3 + tan−1 2 = tan−1 3 2
4×1 = tan−1
√5 1− 2
3×2

3
09. (a) Find the value of cot cos−1 sin tan−1 4. [CB’22]
Solution
3 3 3 3 3
(a) cot cos −1 sin tan−1 4 = cot cos −1 sin sin−1 5 = cot cos −1 5 = cot cot −1 4 = 4 (Ans.)

1
10. (a) Find the principal value of cos−1 (− ). [Din.B’22]
2

Solution
𝟏 1 π 2π
(a) cos−1 (− ) = π − cos−1 ( ) = π − =
𝟐 2 3 3

11. (a) Find the value of sin tan−1 cos sec −1 y. [RB’21]
Solution
1
(a) Similar to (a) of question no. 04 Ans:
√1+y2

12. f(a) = tan−1 a [RB’21]

1 1
(a) Find the value of f (3) + f (5).

Solution
4
(a) Similar to (a) of question no. 08 Ans: tan−1 7

1 3
13. Scenario-1: P = sec −1 √5 − sin−1 + cot −1 3. [SB’21]
2 5
1 1
(a) Find the value of sec 2 (cot −1 4) + tan2 (cos−1 3).
(b) From scenario-1, prove that, P = tan−1 2.

3
 Solution
(a) Try Yourself. Ans: 25
1 3
(b) P = sec −1 √5 − 2 sin−1 5 + cot −1 3
1 1 1 3 3
= tan−1 2 − tan−1 3 + tan−1 3 Let, 2 sin−1 5 = θ ⇒ sin 2θ = 5
1 1 We know,
= tan−1 2 − tan−1 + tan−1 3 3
3 3 sin 2θ 1 1
= tan−1 2 ∴ P = tan−1 2 (Proved) tan θ = = 5
= 5
4 = ∴ θ = tan−1 ( )
1+cos 2θ 9 1+ 3 3
1+√1− 5
25

14. Stem-1: A = cot −1 7 , B = cot −1 3,

g(A) = cos 2A , h(B) = sin 4B. [BB’21]
(a) Determine the principal value of cos−1 tan cot −1 √2.
(b) Prove from stem-1 that, A = g −1 {h(B)}.
Solution
1 1 π
(a) cos−1 tan cot −1 √2 = cos −1 {cot(cot−1 } = cos −1 ( 2) = (𝐀𝐧𝐬. )
√2) √ 4
1 1
1−tan2(cot−1 7) 1−tan2(tan−1 ) 1− 24
(b) Here, g(A) = cos 2A = cos 2 (cot −1 7) = = 7
1 = 49
1 = 25
1+tan2(cot−1 7) 1+tan2(tan−1 ) 1+
7 49
h(B) = sin 4B = sin 4 (cot −1 3) = 2 sin(2 cot −1 3) cos(2 cot −1 3)
1 1
2 tan(cot−1 3) 1−tan2(cot−1 3) 2 tan(tan−1 ) 1−tan2(tan−1 )
3 3
= 2{ } { } =2×{ 1 }{ 1 }
1+tan (cot 3) 1+tan2(cot−1 3)
2 −1
1+tan2(tan−1 ) 1+tan2(tan−1 )
3 3
2 1
1− 6 4 24
=2×{ 3
1} {
9
1 } = 2 × 10 × 5 = 25 ∴ g(A) = h(B) ; g −1 {g(A)} = g −1 {h(B)} ⇒ A = g −1 {h(B)} (Proved)
1+ 1+
9 9

1
15. (a) Determine the value of sec 2(cot −1 1) + sin2 (cos−1 2) . [BB’21]
Solution
11
(a) Try Yourself. Ans:
4
1 3 1
16. Scenario-2: A = cosec −1 √5 − 2 sin−1 5 + tan−1 4. [JB’21]
11
(c) From scenario-2, show that, A = tan−1 .
27
Solution
1 3 3 sin θ 2 sin2 θ
(c) Let, 2 sin−1 5 = θ ∴ sin 2θ = 5 ⇒ tan θ = cos θ = 2 sin θ.cos θ
3 2
1−√1−( )
=
1−cos 2θ
=
1−√1−sin2 2θ
= 3
5 1
= 3 ∴ θ = tan−1 (3)
1 5 1
sin 2θ sin 2θ ( )
5
1 3
L. H. S = A = cosec −1 √5 − 2 sin−1 5 + tan−1 4 = tan−1 2 − tan−1 3 + tan−1 4
1 1 1 1
2
1 1 1 1
+(− )+ − 11
2 3 4 2.4.(−3)
= tan−1 { 1 1 1 } = tan−1 27 = R. H. S (Showed)
1+ + −
6 12 8

1 1
17. (a) Find the value of tan−1 2 + tan−1 3. [JB’21]
Solution
π
(a) Similar to (a) of question no. 08 Ans: 4

4
18. Scenario-1: [CB’21]

(b) In scenerio-1 if ∠ACB = 2x then determine the value of cot −1 3 − x .

Solution
AB 3 3 2 tan x 3
(b) Here, sin ∠ACB = AC = 5 ⇒ sin 2x = 5 ⇒ 1+tan2 x = 5
⇒ 3 tan2 x − 10 tan x + 3 = 0 ⇒ 3 tan2 x − 9 tan x − tan x + 3 = 0
1
⇒ (3tanx − 1)(tanx − 3) = 0 ∴ tan x = or, tan x = 3
3
3
But 2x is acute angle and tan 2x = 4 < 3
1 1
∴ tan x ≠ 3 ∴ tan x = or, x = tan−1
3 3
1
∴ cot −1 3 − x = cot −1 3 − tan−1 = cot −1 3 − cot −1 3 = 0 (Ans.)
3

3
19. (a) Determine the value of cos (2cot −1 ). [CB’21]
2
Solution
3 2 4
3 1−tan2(cot−1 ) 1−tan2 (tan−1 ) 1− 5
(a) cos (2cot −1 2) = 2
3 = 3
2 = 9
4 = 13
1+tan2(cot−1 ) 1+tan2 (tan−1 ) 1+
9
2 3

1 3
20. (a) If x = 2 cos −1 4 , then what is the value of tanx ? [Din.B’21]
Solution
1 3 3 3 1−tan2 x 3 1+tan2 x 4 1
(a) x = cos −1 ⇒ 2x = cos −1 ⇒ cos2x = ⇒ = ⇒ = ⇒ =7
2 4 4 4 1+tan2 x 4 1−tan2 x 3 tan2 x
1
⇒ tanx = ± (Ans)
√7

5
21. Scenario-1: secA = √5, cosecB = 3 and cotC = 3. [RB’19]
√26
(a) Determine the value of cosec −1 √17 + sec −1 5
.
1
(b) From stem-1, determine the value of A + C − 2 B.
Solution
(a)

17 1 1
∴ cosec −1 √17 = tan−1 4
4

26 1 √26 1
∴ sec −1 5
= tan−1 5
5
1 1
√26 1 1 + 9
∴ cosec −1 √17 + sec −1 5
= tan−1 4 + tan−1 5 = tan−1 4 5
1 1 = tan−1 19
1− ×
4 5
(b) Try Yourself. Ans: tan−1 2

5
 1
22. (a) Determine the value of cot (sin−1 ). [Ctg.B’19]
√5
Solution
(a) Try Yourself. Ans: 2

1 2
23. Scenario-2: A = 2 sin−1 3 + cos−1 √3 . [BB’19]

(a) Determine the value of sec 2(cot −1 3) + cosec 2 (tan−1 2).

Solution
𝟖𝟓
(a) Try Yourself. Ans: 𝟑𝟔

24. f(x) = sin−1 x and g(x) = cosx. [JB’19]

1 1
(a) What is the value of tan−1 + tan−1 ?
2 3
π
(b) Determine the value of f {√2g ( − θ)} + f{√g(2θ)}.
2

Solution
π
(a) Similar to (a) of question no. 08 Ans: ;
4
π
(b) f {√2g ( − θ)} + f{√g(2θ)}
2
π
= sin−1 {√2 cos ( 2 − θ)} + sin−1 {√cos2θ} = sin−1 {√2 sinθ} + sin−1 {√cos2θ}
= sin−1 {√2 sinθ √1 − cos2θ + √cos2θ . √1 − 2sin2 θ}
π
= sin−1 {√2 sinθ. √2 sinθ + √1 − 2sin2 θ . √1 − 2sin2 θ} = sin−1 (1) = 2

5
25. (a) Determine the addition of tan−1 4 and tan−1 . [Din.B’19]
3
Solution
3π
(a) Similar to (a) of question no. 08 Ans: 4

4 2 2
26. Scenario-1: sin−1 (5) − cos −1 ( 5) − cot −1 (11) [DB, SB, JB, Din.B’18]
√
(b) Determine the value of Scenario-1.
Solution
4 1
4 2 2 4 1 11 + 11
(b) sin−1 5 + cos−1 − cot −1 11 = tan−1 3 + tan−1 2 − tan−1 = tan−1 3 2
41 − tan−1
√5 2 1− . 2
32
11 11
= tan−1 − tan−1 = 0(𝐀𝐧𝐬. )
2 2

T-02: Proofs related to inverse trigonometric functions

p q
01. Scenario-01: cos x = , cos y = [DB’23]
a b
2 π √29
(a) Prove that, tan−1 5 = 2 − cosec −1 5
(b) From scenario-01, if x + y = α, then prove that, b2 p2 − 2abpq cos α + a2 q2 = a2 b2 sin2 α

6
 Solution
2
(a) L.H.S. = tan−1
5
√29
= sec −1 5
π √29 π
= 2 − cosec −1 5
[∵ sec −1 x + cosec −1 x = 2 ]
p q
(b) Given that, cos x = , cos y =
a b
p q
According to question, x + y = α ⇒ cos−1 (a ) + cos −1 (b) = α

p q p 2 q 2 pq q2 p2 p2 q2
⇒ cos−1 [a ⋅ b − √{1 − (a ) } {1 − (b) }] = α ⇒ cos −1 [ab − √1 − b2 − a2 + a2 b2 ] = α

pq q2 p2 p2 q2 pq q2 p2 p2 q2
⇒ − √1 − − + = cos α ⇒ − cos α = √1 − − +
ab b2 a2 a2 b2 ab b2 a2 a2 b2
p2 q2 pq q2 p2 p2 q2 2pq q2 p2
⇒ a2 b2 + cos2 α − 2 ab cos α = 1 − b2 − a2 + a2 b2 ⇒ 1 − sin2 α − ab
cos α = 1 − b2 − a2
2pq a2 q2 +b2 p2
⇒ − sin2 α − ab
cos α =− a2 b2
⇒ a2 b2 sin2 α + 2abpq cos α = a2 q2 + b2 p2
⇒ b2 p2 − 2abpq cos α + a q = a b sin α (Proved) 2 2 2 2 2

02. f(x) = sin−1 p + sin−1 q + sin−1 r [RB’23]

1 1 3
(a) Prove that, tan−1 = sin−1
3 2 5

(b) If f(x) = π, then show that, p√1 − p2 + q√1 − q2 + r√1 − r 2 = 2pqr.

Solution
1 3 3 3 2 tan θ 3
(a) Let, 2 sin−1 5 = θ ⇒ sin−1 5 = 2θ ⇒ sin 2θ = 5 ⇒ 1+tan2 θ = 5
2x 3
Let, tan θ = x ⇒ 1+x2 = 5 ⇒ 10x = 3 + 3x 2
⇒ 3x 2 − 10x + 3 = 0 ⇒ 3x(x − 3) − 1(x − 3) = 0
⇒ (x − 3)(3x − 1) = 0
1 1 1
x = 3 , 3 ∴ tan θ = 3 ∴ θ = tan−1 3
1 1 3
Therefore, tan−1 3 = 2 sin−1 5
∴ L. H. S = R. H. S (Proved)
(b) Given that, f(x) = sin−1 p + sin−1 q + sin−1 r
Let, A = sin−1 p ⇒ p = sin A
B = sin−1 q ⇒ q = sin B
C = sin−1 r ⇒ r = sin C
We know, sin 2A + sin 2B + sin 2C = 4 sin A sin B sin C [When, A + B + C = π]
⇒ 2 sin A cos A + 2 sin B cos B + 2 sin C cos C = 4 sin A sin B sin C
⇒ 2(sin A cos A + sin B cos B + sin C cos C) = 4 sin A sin B sin C
⇒ sin A √1 − sin2 A + sin B √1 − sin2 B + sin C √1 − sin2 C = 2pqr
⇒ p√1 − p2 + q√1 − q2 + r√1 − r 2 = 2pqr [Showed]

7
03. [Ctg.B’23]

π
(b) If in the stem ∠BAC = α then, from α + θ = 2
show that, x 2 + y 2 = 1
Solution
(b) In the figure ∠BAC = α ∠ACB = θ

x y
sin α = and sin θ = ⇒ α = sin−1 x ∴ θ = sin−1 y
1 1
π −1 π π π
Now, α + θ = 2
⇒ sin x + sin−1 y = 2
⇒ sin−1 x = 2 − sin−1 y ⇒ sin−1 x = 2 − cos −1 √1 − y 2
π
⇒ x = sin ( 2 − cos−1 √1 − y 2 ) ⇒ x = cos(cos −1 √1 − y 2 )
⇒ x = √1 − y 2 ⇒ x 2 = 1 − y 2 [By squaring]
∴ x 2 + y 2 = 1 [Showed]
2 3 1
04. A = sin−1 3 , B = cos−1 4 , C = tan−1 [SB’23]
√5
1+x
(a) Prove that, cos−1 x = 2 cos −1 √ 2
1 √35−1
(b) Prove that, A − 2 B + C = tan−1 ( ).
√7+√5

Solution
θ θ θ 1+x θ 1+x
(a) Let, cos −1 x = θ ⇒ cos θ = x ⇒ 2 cos2 2 − 1 = x ⇒ 2 cos2 2 = 1 + x ⇒ cos2 2 = 2
⇒ cos 2 = √ 2

θ 1+x 1+x 1+x

⇒ 2 = cos−1 √ 2
⇒ θ = 2 cos−1 √ 2
∴ cos−1 x = 2 cos−1 √ 2
(Showed)
2 3 1
(b) Given that, A = sin−1 3 , B = cos−1 4 and C = tan−1
√5
1 2 1 3 1
L. H. S = A − 2 B + C = sin−1 3 − 2 cos−1 4 + tan−1 5
√
2 1 3 1
= tan−1 − 2 cos −1 4 + tan−1
√5 √5
2 1 1
= tan−1 5 − tan−1 + tan−1 5
√ √7 √
−1 2 1 −1 1 1 3
= tan + tan−1 5 − tan Now, 2 cos−1 4 = θ (let)
√5 √ √7
2 1
+ 3 1−tan2 θ 3 2 7
= tan−1 √5 √5
− tan−1
1
= tan−1 √5 − tan−1
1 ⇒ cos 2θ = 4 ⇒ 1+tan2 θ = 4 ⇒ −2 tan2 θ = −1
2
1− √7 √7
5
1 1
√5−
1
√35−1
⇒ tan θ = √7 ∴ θ = tan−1
−1 √7
= tan √7
= tan−1 ( ) = R. H. S (Showed)
1+
√5 √7+√5
√7

8
05. f(x) = sin−1 x, g(x) = cos x [BB’23; SB’22; CB’21]
π π
(b) Show that, f {√2g ( 2 − θ)} + f{√g(2θ)} = 2
Solution
(b) Try Yourself.
2 4
06. sin A = , cos B = , cot C = 3 [JB’23]
√5 5
(a) Prove that, sin⋅ tan−1 ⋅ cot⋅ cos −1 y = y.
1
(b) Prove that, A − 2 B + C = tan−1 2
Solution
(a) L.H.S = sin tan−1 cot cos −1 y
y y
= sin tan−1 ( )= =y
√1−y2 √y2 +(1−y2 )
= R.H.S (Proved)
2 2
(b) Given that, sin A = 5
⇒ A = sin−1 5
√ √
4 4
cos B = 5 ⇒ B = cos −1 5
1 1
cot C = 3 ⇒ tan C = 3 ⇒ C = tan−1 3
4
1 1−cos B 1− 1 1 1 1
Now, tan 2 B = √1+cos B = √ 5
4 = √9 = 3 ∴ 2 B = tan−1 3
1+
5
1 2 1 1
L.H.S= A − 2 B + C = sin−1 − tan−1 3 + tan−1 3
√5
2 2
sin−1 = tan−1 = tan −1
2
√5 √5−22
= R.H.S (Proved)
07. x = acos P , y = b cos Q [JB’23; DB’19]
π
(a) If sin−1 m + sin−1 n = 2 , then show that, m2 + n2 = 1
x2 2xy y2
(b) If P + Q = Ψ then, prove that, a2 − ab
cos Ψ + b2
= sin2 Ψ
Solution
π π
(a) Given that, sin−1 m + sin−1 n =2 ⇒ sin−1 m = 2 − sin−1 n
π
⇒ sin(sin−1 m) = sin ( 2 − sin −1
n) ⇒ m = cos(sin−1 n)
⇒ m = √1 − n2 ⇒ m2 = 1 − n2 ⇒ m2 + n2 = 1 [Showed]
(b) Try Yourself.
2x 1−x2
08. (a) Prove that, sin−1 = cos−1 [CB’23]
1+x2 1+x2
Solution
2x
(a) sin−1 1+x2

2x 1−x2
; Using the figure of triangle, ∴ sin−1 1+x2 = cos−1 1+x2

9
 x y
09. Scenario-01:P = cos−1 ( ) , Q = cos −1 ( ) . [Din.B’23]
3 2
2 2 2
(b) If in Scenario-1, P + Q = θ, then prove that, 4x − 12xy cos θ + 9y = 36 sin θ
Solution
x y
(b) Given that, P = cos−1 (3) , Q = cos −1 (2) and, P + Q = θ
x y xy x2 y2
⇒ cos−1 (3) + cos−1 (2) = 0 ⇒ cos −1 ( 6 − √(1 − 9
) ⋅ √(1 − 4 )) =θ

xy x2 y2 x2 y2 xy 2 x2 y2 x2 y2
⇒ − √1 − − + = cos θ ⇒ ( − cos θ) = 1 − − +
6 9 4 36 6 9 4 36
x2 y2 xy cos θ x 2 y 2 x 2 y2
⇒ 36
− 2 ⋅ 6 + cos2 θ = 1 − 9 − 9 + 36
x2 xy cos θ y2 2 x2 xy cos θ y2
⇒ 9
− 3
+ 4
= 1 − cos θ ⇒ 9
− 3
+ 4
= sin2 θ
⇒ 4x − 12xy cos θ + 9y = 36 sin θ ∴ 4x − 12xy cos θ + 9y 2 = 36 sin2 θ [Proved]
2 2 2 2

10. (a) If cos−1 x + cos−1 y = 1 ,then show that x 2 + y 2 = 1. [DB’22]

Solution
π π
(a) cos−1 x + cos−1 y = ⇒ cos −1 {xy − √(1 − x 2 )(1 − y 2 )} =
2 2
π
⇒ xy − √1−x 2 − y 2 + x 2 y 2 = cos ⇒ xy = √1−x 2 − y 2 + x 2 y 2 ⇒ x 2 + y 2 = 1 [Showed]
2
1 1 3 1
11. Scenario-01:M = cos −1 − sin−1 + tan−1 [DB’22]
√5 2 5 3
1
(b) From stem 1 show that, M = cot −1 2
Solution
(b) Similar to (b) of question no. 06
1 p
12. A = sec −1 √5, B = 2 sin−1 q, C = sin−1 r [RB’22]
1 1
(b) If p = 3, q = 5, r = , then prove that A − B + C = cot −1 (2) .
√10
Solution
(b) Similar to (b) of question no. 06
2x
13. (a) Show that, 2 tan−1 x = tan−1 1−x2 . [RB’22]
Solution
(a) Let, tan−1 x = θ ⇒ x = tan θ
2x 2 tan θ 2x
Now, tan−1 1−x2 = tan−1 1−tan2 θ = tan−1 tan 2θ = 2θ = 2 tan−1 x ∴ 2 tan−1 x = tan−1 1−x2 [Showed]
1 2
14. Scenario-01: A = 3 sin−1 + cos−1 . [Ctg.B’22]
√2 √5
(b) From scenario-1, Show that, A = tan−1 3 ⋅
Solution
1 2 3 1 3 2
(b) A = 3 sin−1 2
+ cos −1 5 = sin−1 { 2 − 4 ( 2) } + cos−1 5 [∵ 3 sin−1 x = sin−1 (3x − 4x 3 )]
√ √ √ √ √
−1 3 4 −1 2 −1 1 −1 2
= sin { 2 − 2 2} + cos √5 = sin + cos
√ √ √2 √5
1 3
1 1+
= tan−1 1 + tan−1 2 = tan−1 21 = tan−1 21 = tan−1 3
1−
2 2

10
 1 1 2
15. (a) Prove that, sin2 (cos−1 ) − cos 2 (sin−1 ) = . [BB’22]
3 √3 9

Solution
1 1
(a) L. H. S = sin2 (cos−1 3) − cos2 (sin−1 )
√3
2 2
2√2 √2 √2 2 √2 2
= sin2 (sin−1 3
)− cos 2 (cos−1 3
) =(3) −( 3
) = 9 [Proved]

16. f(x) = sin x and g(y) = cosy. [JB’22]

α
f( ) 𝜋 β f(α)g(β)
(c) Prove that, 2tan−1 2
π α tan ( 4 − 2) = tan−1 π π
f( − ) g( −β)+f( −α)
2 2 2 2

Solution
𝛂 α
𝐟( ) π β sin π β
(c) L.H.S = 2 tan−1 𝟐
𝛑 𝛂 tan ( 4 − 2) = 2 tan−1 2
π α tan ( 4 − 2)
𝐟( − ) sin( − )
𝟐 𝟐 2 2
α
sin( ) π β α π β
= 2 tan−1 2
α tan ( 4 − 2) = 2 tan−1 {tan (2 ) tan ( 4 − 2)}
cos( )
2
α π β
sin( ) sin( − )
2 4 2
α π β 2× α π β α π β α π β
sin( ) sin( − ) cos( ) cos( − )
2 4 2 2 sin( ) sin( − )×cos( ) cos( − )
= 2 tan−1 2
α
4 2
π β = tan−1 α π β = tan−1 α
2 4 2
π β
2
α
4 2
π β
cos( ) cos( − ) sin2 ( 2 ) sin2 ( 4 − 2 ) cos2( ) cos2( − )−sin2( ) sin2( − )
2 4 2 1− 2 4 2 2 4 2
α π β
cos2( ) cos2 ( − )
2 4 2
1 α α π β π β
×{2 sin( ) cos( )}×{2 sin( − ) cos( − )}
= tan−1 α
2
π β
2
α
2
π β α
4 2
π β
4 2
α π β
{cos( ) cos( − )+sin( ) sin( − )}{cos( ) cos( − )−sin( ) sin( − )}
2 4 2 2 4 2 2 4 2 2 4 2
1 π 1
sin α sin( −β) sin α cos β
= tan−1 2
α π β
2
α π β
−1
1 α
2
= tan
β π α β π
cos( + − ) cos( − + ) ×2 cos{ +( − )} cos{ −( − )}
2 4 2 2 4 2 2 2 2 4 2 2 4
sin α cos β sin α cos β
= tan−1 α β π α β π α β π α β π = tan−1 π
cos{ +( − )+ −( − )}+cos{ +( − )− +( − )} cos α+cos(β− )
2 2 4 2 2 4 2 2 4 2 2 4 2
sin α cos β f(α)g(β)
= tan−1 cos α+sin β = tan−1 π π = R. H. S [Proved]
f( −α)+g( −β)
2 2

1 1 1+y2 1 1+z2
17. Stem-2: cot −1 (x) + 2 sec −1 (1−y2 ) + 2 cosec −1 ( 2z
) = π. [CB’22]
(c) From stem-2 prove that, x + y + z = xyz.
Solution
1 1 1+y2 1 1+z2
(c) Given expression, cot −1 x + 2 sec −1 1−y2 + 2 cosec −1 2z
=π
1 1−y2 1 2z
⇒ tan−1 x + 2 cos −1 1+y2 + 2 sin−1 1+z2 = π
1 1
⇒ tan−1 x + 2 tan−1 y + 2 tan−1 z = π
2 2
⇒ tan−1 x + tan−1 y + tan −1
z=π
x+y+z−xyz
⇒ tan−1 1−xy−yz−zx = π ⇒ x + y + z − xyz = 0
∴ x + y + z = xyz (Proved)

11
18. Scenario-2: f(y) = tan−1 y. [Din.B’22]
(c) Prove from scenario-2 that, tan{2f(x)} = 2tan {f(x) + f(x 3 )}.
Solution
(c) Given that, f(y) = tan−1 y
2x 2x
L. H. S = tan{2f(x)} = tan{2 tan−1 x} = tan tan−1 1−x2 = 1−x2
x+x3
R. H. S = 2 tan{f(x) + f(x 3 )} = 2 tan{tan−1 x + tan−1 x 3 } = 2 tan (tan−1 )
1−x4
x(1+x2 ) 2x
= 2 × (1+x2 )(1−x2 ) = 1−x2 ∴ L. H. S = R. H. S ∴ tan{2f(x)} = 2 tan{f(x) + f(x 3 )} [Proved]

19. f(x) = cosx is a trigonometric function. [MB’22]

π 1
(a) If tan−1 x + tan−1 y = y
then show that, x = [Where, x > 0, y > 0, 0 < xy < 1]
y
3π 1
(b) If f −1 (2x) + f −1 (2y) = 2
then show that, x 2 + y 2 = 4.
Solution
π x+y π
(a) According to the question, tan−1 x + tan−1 y = ⇒ tan−1 =
2 1−xy 2
1−xy π 1−xy π 1
⇒ cot −1 x+y
= 2
⇒ x+y
= cot 2 = 0 ⇒ 1 − xy = 0 ⇒ xy = 1 ∴ x = y [Showed]
3π 3π
(b) According to the question, f −1 (2x) + f −1 (2y) = 2
⇒ cos−1(2x) + cos −1 (2y) = 2
3π 3π
⇒ cos−1(4xy − √(1 − 4x 2 )(1 − 4y 2 )) = 2
⇒ 4xy − √1 − 4x 2 − 4y 2 + 2 2
16x y = cos 2
=0
⇒ 4xy = √1 − 4x 2 − 4y 2 + 16x 2 y2 ⇒ 16x y = 1 − 4x 2 − 4y 2 + 16x 2 y 2
2 2
1
⇒ 4x 2 + 4y 2 = 1 ∴ x 2 + y 2 = 4 [Showed]

20. (a) Prove that: cot −1 (tan2φ) + cot −1(−tan3φ) = φ [DB’21]

Solution
−1 −1
(a) L.H. S = cot (tan2 φ) + cot (−tan3φ)
−1 1 −1 1 Alternative:
= tan ( )+ tan ( )
tan2φ −tan3φ
1 1 tan3φ−tan2φ
= cot −1(tan2φ) − cot −1(tan3φ)
+(− ) π π
= tan−1 tan2φ1 tan3φ
−1 = tan −1 tan2φtan3φ
tan2φtan3φ+1 = 2 − tan−1 (tan2φ) − ( 2 − tan−1(tan3φ))
1− .( ) tan2φtan3φ
tan2φ tan3φ
π π π π
tan3φ−tan2φ = 2 − 2φ − ( 2 − 3φ) = 2 − 2φ − 2 + 3φ
= tan−1 1+tan2φtan3φ = tan−1 {tan (3φ − 2φ)}
= φ = R. H. S
−1
= tan tanφ = φ = R. H. S [𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐝]
21. f(x) = cosx; h(x) = tan−1 x [DB’21]
√a−bθ b+af(θ)
(c) Prove that, 2h ( tan 2) = cos−1 a+bf(θ)
√a+b
Solution
a−b θ θ
√a−b θ √a−b θ 1− tan2 (a+b)−(a−b) tan2
(c) L. H. S = 2h ( tan 2) = 2 tan−1 ( tan 2) = cos −1 a+b
a−b
2
θ = cos −1 2
θ
√a+b √a+b 1+ tan2 (a+b)+(a−b) tan2
a+b 2 2
θ
1−tan2
a( 2
θ θ
a(1−tan2 )+b(1+tan2 ) 2 θ)+b
1+tan
= cos−1 2
θ
2
θ = cos−1 2
θ
a(1+tan2 )+b(1−tan2 ) 1−tan2 2
2 2 a+b( θ)
1+tan2
2
acos (2.θ/2)+b acosθ+b af(θ)+b
= cos−1 a+bcos(2.θ/2) = cos−1 a+bcosθ = cos−1 a+bf(θ) = R. H. S [Proved]

12
22. f(a) = tan−1 a , g(a) = sin a. [RB’21]
π
x−y θ x+yg ( − θ)
(b) Show that, 2f (√x+y tan 2) = sec −1 2
π
y+xg ( − θ)
2

Solution
(b) Similar to (c) of question no. 21
3 5 28
23. A = sin−1 5 , B = cos−1 13 , C = cot −1 2 , D = tan−1 29 [Ctg.B’21]
1
(a) Prove that, cosec 2 (tan−1 2) − 3 sec 2 (cot −1 √3) = 1.
(c) According to the stem, prove that: 2A + B = 2 (C + D).
Solution
(a) Try Yourself.
3
3 5 3 12 2× 12
(c) L. H. S = 2A + B = 2 sin−1 5 + cos−1 13 = 2 tan−1 4 + tan−1 5
= tan−1 4
3 2
+ tan−1 5
1−( )
4
3
12 24 12
= tan−1 2
9 + tan−1 = tan−1 + tan−1
1− 5 7 5
16

24 12
+ If [xy > 1 then,
−1 7 5
= π + tan x+y
24 12
1−( × )
7 5
tan−1 x + tan−1 y = π + tan−1 ]
1−xy
204 204
−1 −1 204
= π + tan 35
288 = π + tan 35
253 = π − tan−1 253
1− −
35 35
1 28 85
28 1 28 +
−1
R. H. S = 2 (C + D) = 2 (cot 2 + tan−1 29 ) =2 (tan−1 2 + tan−1 29) =2 (tan−1 2 29
14) = 2 tan −1 58
15
1−
29 29
17 17 17
17 2×
= 2 tan−1 6 = π + tan −1 6
17 2
= π + tan −1 3
289 = π + tan −1 3
253
1−( ) 1− −
6 36 36
204 204
= π + tan−1 ( ) = π − tan−1 . ∴ L.H.S = R.H.S [Proved]
−253 253

m n
24. Scenario-2: cos−1 a
+ cos−1 b = x. [SB’21; BB’21]
m2 2mn n2
(c) With the help of scenario-2 show that, a2
− ab
cos x + b2 = sin2 x
Solution
(c) Try Yourself.

25. (a) Show that, sec 2 (tan−1 √15) + cosec 2 (cot −1 √13) = 30. [JB’21]
Solution
(a) L. H. S = sec 2(tan−1 √15) + cosec 2 (cot −1 √13) = 1 + tan2 (tan−1 √15) + 1 + cot 2(cot −1 √13)
2 2
= 1 + (√15) + 1 + (√13) = 30 = R. H. S (Showed)
π
26. (a) If sin−1 x + sin−1 y = 2
then show that, x 2 + y 2 = 1. [CB’21]
Solution
(a) Similar to (a) of question no. 10

13
27. N = tan−1(cosec tan−1 x − tancot −1 x) [Din.B’21]
1
(b) Show that, N = 2
tan−1 x.
Solution
√1+x2 1
(b) N = tan−1(cosec tan−1 x − tan cot −1 x) = tan−1 {cosec cosec −1 x
− tan tan−1 x}
√1+x2 1 1 √1+x2 1 1 2(√1+x2 −1)
= tan−1 { − } = . 2 tan−1 { − } = tan−1 2
x x 2 x x 2 (√1+x2 −1)
x{1− }
x2

1 2x(√1+x2 −1) 1 2x(√1+x2 −1) 1 1

= 2 tan−1 = 2 tan−1 = 2 tan−1 x ∴ N = 2 tan−1 (x) (Showed)
x2 −{1+x2 −2√1+x2 +1} 2√1+x2 −2

28. Scenario-2: f(x) = cos−1 x. [BB’22; Din.B’21]

−1 −1 π
(a) If cot x + cot y= then, show that, xy = 1.
2
(c) In scenerio-2 if f(x) + f(y) + f(z) = π then, show that, x 2 + y 2 + z 2 + 2xyz = 1.
Solution
(a) Similar to (a) of question no. 19
(c) According to question, cos−1 x + cos−1 y + cos−1 z = π
⇒ cos−1{xy − √(1 − x 2 )(1 − y 2 )} = π − cos−1 z ⇒ xy − √1 − y 2 − x 2 + x 2 y 2 = −z
⇒ xy + z = √1 − y 2 − x 2 + x 2 y 2 ⇒ x 2 y 2 + 2xyz + z 2 = 1 − y 2 − x 2 + x 2 y 2
⇒ x 2 + y 2 + z 2 + 2xyz = 1 (Showed)
2 3
29. A = sec −1 x , B = sec −1 y. [MB’21]
π
(c) Show that, the equation A + B = represents an ellipse.
2
Solution
2 3 π x y π x π y
(c) sec −1 + sec −1 = ⇒ cos −1 + cos−1 = ⇒ cos −1 = − cos −1
x y 2 2 3 2 2 2 3

x y π x y2 x2 y2 x2 y2
⇒ cos−1 2 = sin−1 3 [∴ sin−1 x + cos−1 x = 2 ] ⇒ 2 = √1 − 9
⇒ 4
=1− 9
⇒ 4
+ 9
=1
Which indicates an ellipse. (Showed)
x y
30. (a) Show that, cosec sin−1 tan sec −1 y = . [MB’21]
√x2 −y2

Solution
(a) Similar to (a) of question no. 01
2x 1−y2
31. f(x) = 1+x2 , g(y) = 1+y2 [DB’19]
1 1 a−b
(b) If cosec −1 f(a) − sec −1 g(b) = 2 tan−1 x then, show that, x = 1+ab.

Solution
1 1 2a 1−b2
(b) cosec −1 2a − sec −1 1−b2
= 2 tan−1 x ⇒ sin−1 1+a2 − cos −1 1+b2 = 2 tan−1 x
1+a2 1+b2

⇒ 2 tan−1 (a) − 2 tan−1(b) = 2 tan−1 x ⇒ tan−1 a − tan−1 b = tan−1 x

a−b
⇒ x = tan(tan−1 a − tan−1 b) ∴ x = 1+ab [Showed]

14
 1 1
32. Scenario-1:f(a) = sec −1 + sec −1 . [Ctg.B’19]
a b
(c) From Scenario -1, if f(a) = α then, prove that sinα = √a2 + b 2 − 2abcosα.
Solution
1 1
(c) According to the question, f(a) = α ; sec −1 a + sec −1 b = α ⇒ cos −1 a + cos−1 b = α
⇒ ab − √1 − a2 . √1 − b 2 = cos α … … … (i)
1 1
1- a2 1- b2

a b
Again, sin √1 − + sin−1 √1 − a2 = α
−1
b2
⇒ sinα = a√1 − b 2 + b√1 − a2 ⇒ sin2 α = a2 (1 − b2 ) + b2 (1 − a2 ) + 2ab√1 − a2 . √1 − b 2
⇒ sin2 α = a2 + b2 − 2a2 b2 + 2ab√1 − a2 √1 − b 2
⇒ sin2 α = a2 + b2 − 2ab(ab − √1 − a2 √1 − b 2 ) = a2 + b2 − 2ab cosα[cosα = ab − √1 − a2 √1 − b 2 ]
⇒ sinα = √a2 + b 2 − 2ab cosα (Proved)

1 2
33. Scenario-2: A = 2 sin−1 3 + cos −1 √3 . [BB’19]
5
(c) From Scenario-2 prove that, A = tan−1 .
√2
Solution
1 2 1 1
(c) According to the question, A = 2 sin−1 + cos −1 √ = 2 tan−1 + tan−1
3 3 √8 √2
2
1 8 1
= tan−1 2√2
1 + tan−1 = tan−1 + tan−1 3
1− √2 7√2 √2 1
8
8 1
+
= tan −1 7√2 √2
= tan−1
8√2+7√2
= tan−1
5
∴ A = tan−1
5
[𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐝] 2
8
1− 6 √2 √2
7.2

34. Scenario-1: [Din.B’19]

12 13

1 3 29
(b) Prove according to scenario-1, 2 ∅ + sin−1 5 = cot −1 2 + cot −1 28 .
Solution
1 1 12 1 12 12
(b) 2
∅ = 2
sin−1 13 ; Let, θ = 2
sin−1 13 ⇒ 13
= sin 2θ
12
sinθ 2sinθcosθ sin2θ sin2θ 2 2
Again, tanθ = cosθ = 2 cos2 θ
= 1+cos2θ = = 13
= 3 ∴ θ = tan−1 3
1+√1−sin2 2θ 12 2
1+√1−( )
13
2 3
1 3 2 3 + 17
∴ 2
∅ + sin−1 5 = tan−1 3 + tan−1 4 = tan−1 3 243 = tan−1 6
1− .
3 4
1 28
29 1 28 + 17
And cot −1 2 + cot −1 28 = tan−1 2 + tan−1 29 = tan−1 2 29
28 1 = tan−1 6
1− .
29 2
1 3 29
∴ 2
∅ + sin−1 5 = cot −1 2 + cot −1 28 [Proved]

15
35. (a) Prove that, 2 sin−1 x = sin−1 (2x√1 − x 2 ). [DB, SB, JB, Din.B’18]
Solution
(a) Let, x = sinθ; R. H. S = sin−1 (2x√1 − x 2 ) = sin−1(2sinθ√1 − sin2 θ )
= sin−1 (2sinθcosθ) = sin−1 (sin2θ) = 2θ = 2 sin−1 x = L. H. S [𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐝]

T-03: Trigonometric equation in the form of 𝐚 𝐜𝐨𝐬 + 𝐛 𝐬𝐢𝐧 = 𝐜 [𝐖𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞, |𝐜| ≤ √𝐚𝟐 + 𝐛 𝟐 ]

01. Scenario-02: f(θ) = sin θ [DB’23]

(c) From scenario-02, Solve: f(x) − √1 − {f(x)}2 = 1, −2π < x < 2π
Solution
(c) Given that, f(θ) = sin θ
According to the question, f(x) − √1 − {f(x)}2 = 1 ⇒ sin x − √1 − sin2 x = 1
x x x x x x
⇒ sin x − cos x = 1 ⇒ 2 sin 2 ⋅ cos 2 − 2 cos2 2 = 0 ⇒ 2 cos 2 (sin 2 − cos 2) = 0
x x x x x
Either, 2 cos 2 = 0 ⇒ cos 2 = 0 or, sin 2 − cos 2 = 0 ⇒ tan 2 = 1
x (2n+1)π x π π
⇒2= ∴ x = (2n + 1)π, n ∈ ℤ ⇒ 2 = nπ + 4 ∴ x = 2nπ + 2 , n ∈ ℤ
2

x 𝛑
(𝟐𝐧 + 𝟏)𝛑 𝟐𝐧𝛑 + 𝟐
n
π
0 π ( ) 2
( )
5π
1 3π (×) 2
(×)
3
−1 −π ( ) − π ( )
2
7π
−2 −3π (×) − 2 (×)
∴With the interval −2π < x < 2π, the required solution:
3π π
x=− , −π, 2 , π. (Ans.)
2

02. [Ctg.B’23]

(c) According to the stem solve the equation x + y = √2 when −2π < θ < 2π.
Solution
(c) Given that, x + y = √2
⇒ cos θ + sin θ = √2 ⇒ (cos θ + sin θ)2 = 2 [By squaring]
π π
⇒ 1 + sin 2θ = 2 ⇒ sin 2θ = 1 ∴ 2θ = (4n + 1) ⇒ θ = (4n + 1) 2 4
In the interval −2π < θ < 2π
7π 3π π 5π
θ=− 4
,− 4 ,4, 4

16
03. g(x) = sin x. [CB’23]
π π π 1
(c) If g (πg ( 2 − x)) = g ( 2 − πg(x)) then show that, x = ± 4 + cos−1 2 .
√2

Solution
(c) Given that, g(x) = sin x
π π π π
Now, g (πg ( − x)) = g ( − πg(x)) ⇒ sin {π sin ( − x)} = sin ( − π sin x)
2 2 2 2
π π
⇒ sin(π cos x) = cos(π sin x) ⇒ sin(π cos x) = sin ( 2 ± π sin x) ⇒ π cos x = 2 ± π sin x
1 1 1 1
⇒ cos x = 2 ± sin x ⇒ cos x ± sin x = 2
√2 √2 √2
π π 1 π 1
⇒ cos 4 cos x ± sin 4 sin x = 2 ⇒ cos (x ± ) =2
√2 4 √2
π 1
∴x= ±4 + cos−1 2 2 (Showed)
√

04. g(x) = cos x [BB’23]

′ (x)
(c) Solve: g(x) + √3g = √2, when −π < x < π
Solution
(c) g(x) = cos x ⇒ g ′ (x) = − sin x ∴ g(x) + √3g ′ (x) = √2
√3 1 1
⇒ cos x − √3 sin x = √2 ⇒ 2 cos x − 2
sin x = 2
√
π π 1 π π
⇒ cos cos x − sin sin x = ⇒ cos (x + ) = cos
3 3 √2 3 4
π π π 1
⇒ x + 3 = 2nπ ± 4 ⇒ x = 2nπ ± 4 − 3
π 7π
Within the interval −π and π, x = − 12 , − 12 (Ans.)

05. f(θ) = sinθ [SB’22]

π
(c) Solve: f (2 − θ) + √3f(θ) = √2.

Solution
π
(c) f ( 2 − θ) + √3f(θ) = √2 ⇒ cos θ + √3 sin θ = √2

1 √3 1 2
⇒ 2 cos θ + 2
sin θ = [divides both sides by√12 + (√3) = 2 ]
√2
π π π
⇒ sin cos θ + sin θ . cos = sin
6 6 4
π π π π
π π π π θ+ − θ+ +
6 4 6 4
⇒ sin (θ + 6
) = sin 4 ⇒ sin (θ + 6
) − sin 4 = 0 ⇒ 2 sin 2
cos 2
=0
π π π π
θ+ − θ+ − π π
6 4 6 4
∴ then, sin 2
=0⇒ 2
= nπ ⇒ θ − 12 = 2nπ ⇒ θ = (24n + 1) 12 , n ∈ ℤ
5π 5π
θ+ θ+ π
12 12
Or, cos 2
=0⇒ 2
= (2n + 1) 2
5π 7π
n∈ ℤ⇒θ+ = (2n + 1)π ⇒ θ = 2nπ +
12 12
π
∴ θ = (24n + 7) 12
π π
∴ Solutions are: (24n + 1) 12 , (24n + 7) 12 ; n ∈ ℤ

17
06. h(θ) = cosθ − sinθ [BB’22]
1
(c) Within (−π, π) intervals solve the equation, h(θ) = .
√2

Solution
1 1 1 1 1
(c) h(θ) = ⇒ cos θ − sin θ = cos θ − 2 sin θ = 2 [dividing both sides by √12
⇒ + 12 = √2 ]
√2 √2 √2 √
π π π π π π π
⇒ cos cos θ − sin . sin θ = cos ⇒ cos (θ + ) = cos ⇒ θ + = 2nπ ±
4 4 3 4 3 4 3
π π π π
Taking (+) sign , θ + 4 = 2nπ + 3 ⇒ θ = 2nπ + 12 ∴ θ = (24n + 1) 12 ; n ∈ ℤ
π π 7π π
Taking (−) sign, θ + 4 = 2nπ − 3 ⇒ θ = 2nπ − 12 ∴ θ = (24n − 7) 12 ; n ∈ ℤ
𝛑 𝛑
N 𝛉 = (𝟐𝟒𝐧 + 𝟏) 𝟏𝟐 𝛉 = (𝟐𝟒𝐧 − 𝟕) 𝟏𝟐 Acceptable value
47 55π
−2 − π − 12
12
23π 31π
−1 − −
12 12
π 7π π 7π
0 12
− 12 12
, − 12
25π 17π
1 12 12
49π 41π
2 12 12
π 7π
∴ Required solutions: 12 , − 12

07. Stem-1: f(x) = cosx. [CB’22]

1 π 1
(b) Within (−2π, 2π) intervals, solve the equation f(x) + f (2 − x) = .
√3 √3

Solution
1 π 1
(b) Given expression, cos x + cos ( − x) =
√3 2 √3

1 1 1 2
⇒ cos x + sin x = [ dividing by√1 + ( ) ]
√3 √3 √3

√3 1 1 π π π
⇒ 2
cos x + 2 sin x = 2 ⇒ cos x cos 6 + sin x sin 6 = cos 3
π π π π
⇒ cos (x − 6 ) = cos 3 ∴ x − 6 = 2nπ ± 3
π π
Taking (+) sign ∴ x = 2nπ + 2 = 2 (4n + 1); n ∈ ℤ
π 5π 3π
If n = 0, x = ; If n = 1, x =
∉ (−2π, 2π) ; If n = −1x = −
2 2 2
π π
Taking (−) sign x = 2nπ − = (12n − 1); n ∈ ℤ
6 6
π 11π 13π
x = − 6 [when n = 0] ; x = 6 [n = 1] ; x = − 6 ∉ (−2π, 2π)
π 11π π 3π
Required solutions: 2 , 6 , − 6 , − 2 (Ans.)

08. g(x) = cosx; h(x) = sinx. [DB’21]

π
(b) Solve the equation √3g(θ) + g ( 2 − θ) = 1 in the light of the stem, when 0 < θ < 2π.
π
(c) If g{πh(θ)} = h{πg(θ)} then show that, θ = ± + tan−1 √7.
4

18
 Solution
π √ π 3 1 1
(b) √3g(θ) + g ( − θ) = 1 ⇒ √3cosθ + cos ( − θ) = 1 ⇒ √3cosθ + sinθ = 1 ⇒ cosθ + sinθ =
2 2 2 2 2
π π π π π π π π π
⇒ cosθ cos + sinθ sin = cos ⇒ cos (θ − ) = cos ⇒ θ − = 2nπ ± ⇒ θ = 2nπ ± +
6 6 3 6 3 6 3 3 6
π π
Either, θ = 2nπ + 2 Or, θ = 2nπ − 6
π π
n θ = 2nπ + 2 θ = 2nπ − 6 Acceptable values
π π π
0 −6
2 2
1 5π 11π 11π
2 6 6
π 11π
∴ θ= 2, 6
(Ans.)
(c) g{πh(θ)} = h{πg(θ)} ⇒ cos(πh(θ)) = sin(πg(θ))
π
⇒ cos(πsinθ) = sin (πcosθ) ⇒ sin( 2 ± πsinθ) = sin (πcosθ)
π 1 1
⇒ 2 ± πsinθ = πcosθ ⇒ 2 ± sinθ = cosθ ⇒ 2 = cosθ ± sinθ
2 2
1 1 1 π π 1 7
⇒ cosθ ± 2 sinθ = 2 2 ⇒ cosθ cos 4 ± sinθ sin 4 = 2 2
√2 √ √ √
π 1 π 1 1
⇒ cos (θ ± 4 ) = 2 2 ⇒ θ ± 4 = cos −1 (2 2)
√ √
π π
⇒ θ ± 4 = tan−1 (√7) ⇒ θ = ± 4 + tan−1 (√7) [Showed]

09. f(x) = cosx [DB’21]

π
(b) According to stem solve: (2 + √3)f(2θ) = 1 − f( − 2θ).
2

Solution
π
(b) (2 + √3)cos2θ = 1 − cos ( 2 − 2θ) = 1 − sin2θ ⇒ (2 + √3)cos2θ + sin2θ = 1
2+√3 1 1 2+√3 1 1
⇒ cos2θ + sin2θ = ⇒ cos2θ + sin2θ =
√(4+4√3+3)+1 √(8+4√3) √8+4√3 √(8+4√3) √(8+4√3) √(8+4√3)

2+√3 1 1
⇒ cosαcos2θ + sinαsin2θ = sinα [ cosα = , sinα = ∴ tanα = ]
√8+4√3 √8+4√3 2+√3
π π
⇒ cos(2θ − α) = cos ( 2 − α) ⇒ 2θ − α = 2nπ ± ( 2 − α)
π π
Either, 2θ − α = 2nπ + 2 − α ⇒ θ = nπ + 4 , n ∈ ℤ
π π π 1
Or, 2θ − α = 2nπ − 2 + α ⇒ 2θ = 2nπ − 2 + 2α ∴ θ = nπ − 4 + α where, α = tan−1 2+ and n ∈ ℤ
√3

10. g(a) = sin a. [RB’21; BB’19]

π 1
(c) Solve: g (2 − x) + g(x) = .
√2

Solution
π 1 π 1 1
(c) g ( 2 − x) + g(x) = ⇒ sin ( 2 − x) + sin x = ⇒ sin x + cos x =
√2 √2 √2
1 1 1 π π 1 π π π π
⇒ sin x + cos x = 2 ⇒ cos 4 cos x + sin 4 sin x = 2 ⇒ cos (x − 4 ) = cos 3 ∴ x − 4 = 2nπ ± 3 ; n ∈ ℤ
√2 √2
π π 7π
(+) ⇒ x − = 2nπ + 3 ⇒ x = 2nπ + 12 ; n ∈ ℤ (Ans.)
4
π π π
(−) ⇒ x − = 2nπ − ⇒ x = 2nπ − ; n ∈ ℤ (Ans.)
4 3 12

19
11. Scenario-01: a sin x + b cos x = 1. [Ctg.B’21]
(b) If a = √3 and b = 1 then solve the equation of scenerio-1, where −2π < x < 2π.
Solution
√3 1 1 π π 1
(b) If a = √3 and b = 1, √3 sin x + cos x = 1 ⇒ 2
sin x + 2 cos x = 2 ⇒ cos x cos 3 + sin x sin 3 = 2
π π π π π π
⇒ cos (x − ) = cos ⇒ x − = 2nπ ± ⇒ x = 2 n π ± +
3 3 3 3 3 3
2π or, x = 2nπ, (n ∈ ℤ)
Either, x = 2nπ + 3
,n ∈ℤ

2π Accepted value,
x = 2nπ + x = 2nπ
3 (−2π < x < 2π)
π 2π
n=0 2 0 0,
3 3
8π
n=1 2π None
3
4π 4π
n = −1 − −2π −
3 3
2π −4π
∴ x = 0, 3
, 3 (Ans.)

12. f(x) = cos x [MB’21]

π
(b) Solve: √2f(x) − √2f ( 2 − x) = 1; when −π < x < π.

Solution
1 1 1
(b) √2cosx − √2sinx = 1 ⇒ 2
cosx − 2 sinx = 2
√ √
π π π
⇒ cos 4 cosx − sin 4 sinx = cos 3
π π π π
⇒ cos (x + 4 ) = cos 3 ∴ x + 4 = 2nπ ± 3 ; n ∈ ℤ
π π π
Taking (+), x + = 2nπ + ⇒ x = 2nπ + … … (i)
4 3 12
π π 7π
Taking (−), x + 4 = 2nπ − 3 ⇒ x = 2nπ − 12 … … … … (ii)
π 7π π −7π
Putting n = 0 (i), x = 12 ; Putting n = 0, (ii), x = − 12 ∴ x = 12 , 12 (Ans.)

13. f(x) = cosec x − cot x [MB’21]

3 24
(b) If f(θ) = 4
, then show that, θ = ± sin−1 (25).

Solution
3 3
(b) f(θ) = ⇒ cosecθ − cotθ = … … … (i)
4 4
Again, cosec 2 θ − cot 2 θ = 1 ⇒ (cosecθ − cotθ)(cosecθ + cotθ) = 1
4
⇒ cosecθ + cotθ = 3 … … . . (ii)
7 49 49 625
(ii) – (i) ⇒ 2cotθ = 12 ⇒ cot 2 θ = 576 ⇒ cosec 2 θ = 1 + 576 ⇒ cosec 2 θ = 576
576 24 24
⇒ sin2 θ = 625 ⇒ sinθ = ± 25 ∴ θ = ± sin−1 (25) (Showed)

20
14. Scenario-02: f(x) = sinx. [RB’19]
π
(c) From Scenario-2, solve √3f(x) − f ( 2 + x) = 2, when −2π < x < 2π.

Solution
π π
(c) √3 f(x) − f ( 2 + x) = 2 ⇒ √3sinx − sin ( 2 + x) = 2
√3 1 π π π
⇒ √3sinx − cosx = 0 ⇒ 2
sinx − 2 cosx = 1 ⇒ sinx cos 6 − cosx sin 6 = 1 ⇒ sin (x − 6 ) = 1
π π π π
∴ x − 6 = (4n + 1) 2 ; n ∈ ℤ ∴ x = (4n + 1) 2 + 6
π π
n (4n + 1) + Acceptable values
2 6
2π 2π
0 3 3
8π
1 3
×
4π 4π
−1 − 3 − 3
10π
−2 − 3 ×
2π 4π
∴ Required solutions, x = 3
,− 3

15. f(x) = sin−1 x and g(x) = cosx. [JB’19]

π
(c) Solve: √3 g(x) + g ( 2 + x) = 1 when −2π < x < 2π.

Solution
π π √3 1 1
(c) √3 g(x) + g ( 2 + x) = 1 ⇒ √3cosx + cos ( 2 + x) = 1 ⇒ 2
cosx − 2 sinx = 2
π π π π π π π
⇒ cosx cos − sinx sin = cos ⇒ cos (x + ) = cos ∴ x + = 2nπ ±
6 6 6 6 6 6 6
π
⇒ x = 2nπ , 2nπ − 3 , where n ∈ ℤ
5π π π 5π
If n = 1, x = 2π, ; If n = 0, x = 0, − ∴ Required solutions = {− , 0, }
3 3 3 3

Type-04: Problems related with applying square law

01. f(x) = sin x. [RB’21; Ctg.B’21, 19]

π π 1 3
(b) If f (πf ( 2 − θ)) = f ( 2 + πf(θ)) then, show that θ = ± 2 sin−1 4.

Solution
π π
(b) Given that, sin (π sin ( − θ)) = sin ( + π sin θ) ⇒ sin(π cos θ) = cos(π sin θ)
2 2
π
⇒ sin(π cos θ) = sin ( 2 ± π sin θ)
π 1 1 1
⇒ π cos θ = ± π sin θ ⇒ cos θ = ± sin θ ⇒ cos θ ± sin θ = ⇒ 1 ± sin 2θ =
2 2 2 4
3 3 3 3 1 3
⇒ ± sin 2θ = − 4 ⇒ sin 2θ = ± 4 ⇒ 2θ = sin−1 (± 4) ⇒ 2θ = ± sin−1 4 ⇒ θ = ± 2 sin−1 4 (𝐒𝐡𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐝)

21
 T-05: Problems regarding trigonometric equations containing 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝛉 , 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝛉 , 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝛉, 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝛉

01. (a) Solve: tan 2θ tan θ = 1 [BB’23]

Solution
2 tan θ⋅tan θ
(a) tan 2θ tan θ = 1 ⇒ 1−tan2 θ
= 1 ⇒ 2 tan2 θ = 1 − tan2 θ ⇒ 3 tan2 θ = 1
1 π π
⇒ tan θ = ± = ± tan 6 ∴ θ = nπ ± 6 [n ∈ ℤ] (Ans.)
√3

02. x = acos P , y = b cos Q and f(z) = tan z ⋅ tan 3z [JB’23]

π π
(c) If f(z) = 1 the determine the value of z when −2 ≤z≤ 2
.
Solution
sin z sin 3z
(c) Given that, f(z) = 1 ⇒ tan z tan 3z = 1 ⇒ cos z cos 3z = 1 ⇒ sin z sin 3z = cos z cos 3z
π
⇒ cos z cos 3z − sin z sin 3z = 0 ⇒ cos 4z = 0 ⇒ 4z = (2n + 1) 2
π
∴ z = (2n + 1) 8 ; Where n ϵ ℤ
−π π 3π π π 3π
Since, 2
≤z≤ 2
so, taking n = −2, −1, 0, 1 z = − 8
,−8,8, 8 (Ans.)

03. (a) Solve: tan 2x − tan x = 0. [MB’21]

Solution
sin2x sinx
(a) tan2x − tanx = 0 ⇒ cos2x = cosx ⇒ sin2x cosx − cos2xsinx = 0
⇒ sinx = 0 ∴ x = nπ; n ∈ ℤ (Ans.)

04. f(x) = cosec x − cot x , g(x) = sin x. [MB’21]

(c) Determine the general solution of the equation g(5θ) − √3g(θ) = g(3θ).
Solution
(c) sin5θ − √3sinθ = sin3θ ⇒ sin5θ − sin3θ = √3sinθ
⇒ 2sinθcos4θ = √3sinθ ⇒ sinθ(2cos4θ − √3) = 0 If sinθ = 0, then, θ = nπ; n ∈ ℤ (Ans.)
√3
Again, 2cos4θ = √3 ⇒ cos4θ = 2
π nπ π
⇒ 4θ = 2nπ ± 6 ⇒ θ = 2
± 24 ; n ∈ ℤ (Ans.)

05. Scenerio-2: g(x) = cotx. [Din.B’19]

π 3π
(c) Solve: g ( 2 − θ) . g ( 2 − 2θ) = 1, when 0 ≤ θ ≤ π.

Solution
π 3π π 3π
(c) g ( 2 − θ) . g ( 2 − 2θ) = 1 ⇒ cot ( 2 − θ) cot ( 2 − 2θ) = 1
π
⇒ tanθ. tan2θ = 1 ⇒ sinθsin2θ = cosθcos2θ ⇒ cosθcos2θ − sinθsin2θ = 0 ⇒ cos(θ + 2θ) = cos 2
π π π
∴ 3θ = (2n + 1) ∴ θ = (2n + 1) . ∴ If n = 0, θ = ;
2 6 6
π 5π π 5π
If n = 1, θ = 2
which is unacceptable; If n = 2, θ = 6
∴ θ = {6 , 6
} [𝐀𝐧𝐬. ]

22
06. [SB’17]

r
(c) If f(θ) = x, then solve the equation f(2θ) − f(θ) = 2 within the range of −π ≤ x ≤ π.
Solution
r
(c) f(θ) = = secθ ; f(2θ) = sec2θ
x
1 1
According to the question, f(2θ) − f(θ) = 2 ∴ − =2
cos 2θ cos θ
cos θ−cos 2θ
∴ = 2 ∴ cos θ − cos 2θ = 2 cos 2θ. cos θ
cos 2θ.cos θ
∴ cos θ − cos 2θ = cos θ + cos 3θ ∴ cos 3θ + cos 2θ = 0
5θ θ 5θ θ
∴ 2 cos cos = 0 ∴ cos = 0 and cos = 0
2 2 2 2
5θ 2nπ+π θ
Now, cos 2 = 0; ∴ 5 , n ∈ ℤ and cos 2 = 0 ∴ θ = 2nπ + π , n ∈ ℤ
3π 3π π π
If n = 1, θ = 5 , 3π, If n = −2, θ = − 5 , −3π ; If n = −1, θ = − 5 , −π; If n = 0, θ = 5 , π
π π 3π −3π
∴ θ = , π, − , −π, , (Ans.)
5 5 5 5

T-06: Problems with odd number of 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝛉 , 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝛉 terms

01. A = cos x − cos 2x; R = 1 − cos x [RB’23]

A
(c) Solve: = 1 when 0 < x < π
R
Solution
A
(c) Given that, A = cos x − cos 2x ; R = 1 − cos x and R = 1
cos x−cos 2x
⇒ 1−cos x
= 1 ⇒ cos x − cos 2x = 1 − cos x ⇒ 2 cos x − (2 cos 2 x − 1) − 1 = 0
⇒ 2 cos x − 2 cos2 x + 1 − 1 = 0 ⇒ cos x − cos2 x = 0 ⇒ cos x (1 − cos x) = 0
π
Now, cos x = 0; x = (2n + 1)
2
π 3π
If n = 0, x = 2
; and if n = 1, x = 2
[Unacceptable]
Again, cos x = 1; x = 2nπ; If n = 0 then, x = 0
π
If n = 1, x = 2π ∴ Required solution, x = 2 (Ans.)

02. f(x) = sin x [SB’23]

(c) Solve f(x) + f(2x) + f(3x) = 0 according to the stem, when 0 ≤ x ≤ π.
Solution
(c) Given that, f(x) = sin x
Now, f(x) + f(2x) + f(3x) = 0, 0 ≤ x ≤ π ⇒ sin x + sin 2x + sin 3x = 0 ⇒ sin x + sin 3x + sin 2x = 0
x+3x x−3x
⇒ 2 sin 2
cos 2 + sin 2x = 0 ⇒ 2 sin 2x cos x + sin 2x = 0 ⇒ sin 2x (2 cos x + 1) = 0
sin 2x = 0 ⇒ 2x = nπ 1 2π
2 cos x + 1 = 0 ⇒ cos x = − 2 = cos 3
nπ
∴ x = 2 ,n ∈ ℤ 2π
∴ x = 2nπ ± 3
,n ∈ℤ
2π π π 2π
If n = 0, x = 0, 3 ; If n = 1, x = 2
; If n = 2, x = π ∴ Required solution 0, 2 , 3
,π (Ans.)

23
03. g(θ) = cos θ − cos 7θ. [JB, CB’23]
(c) If g(θ) = sin 4θ then, determine the value of θ.
Solution
(c) Given that, g(θ) = cos θ − cos 7θ ⇒ sin 4θ = cos θ − cos 7θ
⇒ sin 4θ = 2 sin 4θ sin 3θ ⇒ 2 sin 4θ sin 3θ − sin 4θ = 0 ⇒ sin 4θ (2 sin 3θ − 1) = 0
⇒ sin 4θ = 0 ⇒ 4θ = nπ 1 π
⇒ 2 sin 3θ − 1 = 0 ⇒ sin 3θ = = sin 2 6
nπ
⇒θ= Where, n ∈ ℤ (−1)n
π nπ
(−1)n
π
4 ⇒ 3θ = nπ + 6
∴ θ= 3
+ 18
Where, n ∈ ℤ
nπ nπ π
∴ Required solution, θ = ,
4 3
+ (−1)n 18 (Where n ∈ ℤ) (Ans.)

04. Scenario-2: f(x) = sin x. [Din.B’23; JB’22]

π π
(c) In Scenario-2 in the interval (0, 2π) solve the equation f(x) + f(2x) + f(3x) = 1 + f ( − x) + f ( − 2x).
2 2

Solution
π π
(c) Given that, f(x) = sin x and f(x) + f(2x) + f(3x) = 1 + f ( 2 − x) + f ( 2 − 2x)
⇒ sin x + sin 2x + sin 3x = 1 + cos x + cos 2x ⇒ sin x + sin 3x + sin 2x = 1 + cos x + 2 cos2 x − 1
⇒ 2 sin 2x ⋅ cos x + sin 2x = cos x (2 cos x + 1) ⇒ sin 2x (2 cos x + 1) = cos x (2 cos x + 1)
⇒ (2 cos x + 1)(sin 2x − cos x) = 0
⇒ (2 cos x + 1)(2 sin x cos x − cos x) = 0 ⇒ (2 cos x + 1)(2 sin x − 1) ⋅ cos x = 0
−1 2π π
Now, 2 cos x + 1 = 0 ⇒ cos x = 2
∴ x = 2nπ ± 3
; cos x = 0 ∴ x = (2n + 1) 2
1 π π
2 sin x = 1 ⇒ sin x = 2 ⇒ sin x = sin 6 ∴ x = nπ + (−1)n 6
4π π 7π 3π 11π
If n = −1 then x = , , ; If n = −2
3 2 6
then, x = − 2
, 6 ; n = −3, no values of x is acceptable.
4π 3π 5π 2π π π
Required solutions: , , , , ,
3 2 6 3 6 2

05. Stem-2: f(x) = sin x and g(x) = cos x [DB’22; SB’21]

(c) Solve this equation f(x) + g(x) = g(2x) + f(2x).
Solution
(c) f(x) + g(x) = g(2x) + f(2x) ⇒ sin x + cos x = sin 2x + cos 2x
3x x x 3x
⇒ cos x − cos 2x = sin 2x − sin x ⇒ 2 sin 2
. sin 2 = 2 sin 2 . cos 2
x x 3x 3x
Then, sin 2 = 0 ⇒ 2 = nπ ; n ∈ ℤ ⇒ x = 2nπ or, sin 2
= cos 2
3x π 3x π π π
⇒ tan 2
= 1 = tan 4 ⇒ 2
= nπ + 4 = (4n + 1) 4 ∴ x = (4n + 1) 6 , n ∈ ℤ

06. f(x) = sin x. [RB’21]

π π π
(c) Solve: 1 + f (2 − 2x) + f (2 − 4x) +f ( 2 − 6x) = 0
Solution
π π π
(c) 1 + sin ( 2 − 2x) + sin ( 2 − 4x) + sin ( 2 − 6x) = 0 ⇒ 1 + cos 2x + cos 4x + cos 6x = 0
⇒ 2 cos2 2x + 2 cos 4x cos 2x = 0 ⇒ cos 2x (cos 2x + cos 4x) = 0 ⇒ 2 cos 2x cos 3x cos x = 0
π π π
∴ x = (2n + 1) , n ∈ ℤ ; x = (2n + 1) , n ∈ ℤ ; x = (2n + 1) , n ∈ ℤ (Ans.)
2 6 4

24
07. Scenario-2: f(x) = cos x. [Ctg.B’21]
(c) Solve the equation f(x) + f(3x) + f(5x) + f(7x) = 0 in light of scenario-2, where 0 < x < π.
Solution
(c) f(x) + f(3x) + f(5x) + f(7x) = 0 ⇒ cos x + cos 3x + cos 5x + cos 7x = 0
⇒ (cos x + cos 7x) + (cos 3x + cos 5x) = 0 ⇒ 2 cos 4x cos 3x + 2 cos 4x cos x = 0
⇒ 2 cos 4x (cos 3x + cos x) = 0 ⇒ cos 4x × 2 cos 2x cos x = 0 ⇒ cos 4x cos 2x cos x = 0
Either, Or, Or,
π π
cos 4x = 0 ⇒ 4x = (2n + 1) 2 cos 2x = 0 ⇒ 2x = (2n + 1) 2 cot x = 0
π
∴ x = (2n + 1) , n ∈ ℤ
π π
∴ x = (2n + 1). , n ∈ ℤ ⇒ x = (2n + 1) 2 , n ∈ ℤ
8 4

π π π
x = (2n + 1) x = (2n + 1) x = (2n + 1) Accepted values 0 < x < π
8 4 2
π π π π π π
n=0 , ,
8 4 2 8 4 2
n=1 3π 3π 3π 3π 3π
8 4 2 8
, 4
n=2 5π 5π 5π 5π
8 4 2 8
n=3 7π 7π 7π 7π
8 4 2 8
π 3π 5π 7π π 3π π
∴ x = 8 , 8 , 8 , 8 ,4, 4 , 2 (Ans.)

08. f(x) = sin x [CB’21]

π π
(c) Solve: f ( 2 − θ) + f(θ) = f ( 2 − 2θ) + f(2θ).

Solution
π π π π
(c) f ( − θ) + f(θ) = f ( − 2θ) + f(2θ) ⇒sin ( − θ) + sin θ = sin ( − 2θ) + sin 2θ
2 2 2 2
⇒ sin θ + cos θ = sin 2θ + cos 2θ ⇒ sin 2θ − sin θ = cos θ − cos 2θ
2θ−θ 2θ+θ 2θ−θ 2θ+θ θ 3θ 3θ
⇒ 2 sin ( 2
) cos ( 2 ) = 2 sin ( 2
) sin ( 2 ) ⇒ sin 2 (cos 2 − sin 2 ) = 0
θ θ 3θ 3θ 3θ π
∴ sin 2 = 0 ∴ 2 = nπ Or, cos 2 = sin 2 or, tan 2 = 1 = tan 4
or, θ = 2nπ, n ∈ ℤ 3θ π π
∴ 2 = nπ + 4 or, θ = (4n + 1) × 6 , n ∈ ℤ

09. (c) Solve: f(θ) + f(2θ) + f(3θ) = 0, When −2π ≤ θ ≤ 2π. [Din.B’21]
Solution
(c) cosθ + cos2θ + cos3θ = 0 ⇒ 2cos2θcosθ + cos2θ = 0 ⇒ cos2θ(2cosθ + 1) = 0
π 1 2π
Here, cos2θ = 0 ∴ θ = (2n + 1) 4 ; n ∈ ℤ again, cosθ = − 2 ∴ θ = 2nπ ± 3
;n ∈ ℤ
π 3π 5π 7π π 3π 5π 7π
In 1st case, putting n = 0, 1, 2, 3, −1, −2, −3, −4, θ = , , , ,−4,− 4 ,− 4 ,− 4
4 4 4 4
2π 4π
In 2nd case, putting n = 0, 1, −1, θ = ± 3
,± 3
π 3π 5π 7π 2π 4π
∴ θ = ± ,± ,± ,± ,+ ,± (Ans.)
4 4 4 4 3 3

25
 −x
10. Stem: Two trigonometric functions are √2x = sin−1 A, 2
= cos−1 B [CB’19]
(b) Find the general solution for the value of x if A − B = 0.
Solution
x π x
(b) A − B = 0 ⇒ sin(√2x) = cos (− 2) ⇒ cos ( 2 − √2x) = cos (− 2)
π −x (1−4n)π
⇒ 2 − √2x = 2nπ ± 2
⇒ π − 2√2x = 4nπ ± (−x) ⇒ π − 4nπ = (2√2 ± 1)x ∴ x = 2√2±1
, n∈ℤ

T-07: While trigonometric ratio like 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝛉 , 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝛉 etc remain in multiple times

01. f(x) = sin αx, g(x) = sin βx. [RB’22]

(c) If α = 1, β = 3 then determine the solution of the equation 2f(x). g(x) = 1, within −π to π intervals.
Solution
(c) 2 sin x . sin 3x = 1 ⇒ 2 sin x (3 sin x − 4 sin3 x) = 1
⇒ 6 sin2 x − 8 sin4 x = 1 ⇒ 8 sin4 x − 6 sin2 x + 1 = 0
⇒ 8 sin4 x − 4 sin2 x − 2 sin2 x + 1 = 0 ⇒ 4 sin2 x (2 sin2 x − 1) − 1(2 sin2 x − 1) = 0
1 π
Fither, 2 sin2 x − 1 = 0 ⇒ sin x = ± ⇒ sin x = sin (± )
√2 4
π π π
⇒ x = nπ + (−1)n (± ) ∴ x = nπ ± = (4n ± 1)
4 4 4
1 π
or, 4 sin2 x − 1 = 0 ⇒ sin x = ± ⇒ sin x = sin (± )
2 6
π π π
⇒ x = nπ + (−1)n (± 6 ) ⇒ x = nπ ± 6 ∴ x = (6n ± 1) 6
𝛑 𝛑
n 𝐱 = (𝟒𝐧 ± 𝟏) 𝐱 = (𝟔𝐧 ± 𝟏) 𝟔 Acceptable values
𝟒
7π 9π 11π 13π
−2 − ,− − ,−
4 4 6 6
3π 5π 7π 5π 3π
−1 − 4 ,− 4 − 6 ,− 4 − 4
π π π π π π π π
0 4
,−4 6
,−6 −4,−6,6 ,4
3π 5π 7π 5π 3π 5π
1 ,
4 4
,
6 6
,
4 6
7π 9π 11π 13π
2 , 6
, 6
4 4
3π π π π π 3π 5π
Required solutions: − 4 ,−4,−6,6,4, 4 , 6

02. g(x) = cos x [SB’21; CB’21]

(c) Solve: 4g(x)g(2x)g(3x) = 1, when 0 < x < π
Solution
(c) 4 cos x cos 2x cos 3x = 1 ⇒ 2{cos 4x + cos 2x} cos 2x = 1
⇒ 2 cos 4x cos 2x + 2 cos 2 2x − 1 = 0 ⇒ 2 cos 4x cos 2x + cos 4x = 0
π
⇒ cos 4x (2 cos 2x + 1) = 0 ∴ cos 4x = 0 ⇒ x = (2n + 1) 8 ; n ∈ ℤ
1 2π 2π π
Again, cos 2x = − ⇒ cos 2x = cos ∴ 2x = 2nπ ± ⇒ x = nπ ± ; n ∈ℤ
2 3 3 3
st π 3π 5π 7π
In 1 case, putting n = 0, 1, 2, 3, x = 8 , 8 , 8 , 8
π 2π π π 3π 5π 7π 2π
In 2nd case, putting, n = 0, 1 x = 3 , 3 ∴ x = 3 , 8 , 8 , 8 , 8 , 8 (Ans.)

26
03. Stem-2: f(x) = sec x. [BB’21]
(c) Determine the general solution of the equation f(x). f(3x) + 2 = 0 in the light of stem-2.
Solution
1
(c) f(x). f(3x) + 2 = sec x . sec(3x) + 2 = 0 ⇒ cos x cos 3x + 2 = 0 [cos x ≠ 0 ; cos 3x ≠ 0]
⇒ 2 cos 3x . cos x + 1 = 0 ⇒ cos(3x + x) + cos(3x − x) = −1
⇒ cos 2x = −(1 + cos 4x) ⇒ cos 2x = −(2 cos 2 2x) ⇒ cos 2x (1 + 2 cos 2x) = 0
π nπ π π
∴ cos 2x = 0 ⇒ 2x = nπ + ⇒ x = + ⇒ x = (2n + 1) ; n ∈ ℤ
2 2 4 4
1 π 2π π π
or, cos 2x = −2 = cos (π − 3 ) ⇒ 2x = 2nπ ± (3) ⇒ x = nπ ± 3 = (3n ± 1) 3 ; n ∈ ℤ

04. Scenario-1: f(θ) = sin θ. [JB’21]

π π
(b) Solve the equation 2f ( 2 − θ) . f ( 2 − 3θ) + 1 = 0 according to scenario-1.
Solution
π π π π
(b) 2f ( 2 − θ) . f ( 2 − 3θ) + 1 = 0 ⇒ 2 sin ( 2 − θ) sin ( 2 − 3θ) + 1 = 0
⇒ 2 cos θ cos 3θ + 1 = 0 ⇒ cos 4θ + cos 2θ + 1 = 0
π
⇒ 2 cos 2 2θ + cos 2θ = 0 ⇒ cos 2θ (2 cos 2θ + 1) = 0 ∴ cos 2θ = 0 ∴ θ = (2n + 1) ; n ∈ ℤ (𝐀𝐧𝐬. )
4
1 2π π
cos 2θ = − 2 ⇒ cos 2θ = cos 3
; θ = nπ ± 3 ; n ∈ ℤ (Ans.)

05. Scenario-1: g(x) = sinx [Din.B’21]

(b) Solve from scenario-1: 2g(π − x)g(3x) = 1, when θ ≤ x ≤ 2π.
Solution
π π 5π 7π 7π 5π 11π
(b) Similar to (c) of question no. 01. Ans: x = 4 , 6 , , , , , 6
4 6 4 6

06. h(x) = sinx. [DB’19]

(c) Solve the equation 2h(θ). h(3θ) = 1 within the range 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π.
Solution
π π 3π 5π 7π 5π 7π 11π
(c) Similar to (c) of question no. 01. Ans: θ = 6 , 4 , , , , , , 6
4 6 6 4 4

T-08: Problems which carry quadratic terms of 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝛉 , 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝛉 , 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝛉 , 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝛉

π
01. Scenario-2: f(x) = cot ( 2 − x) [MB’23]
(c) Using Scenario-2 solve {f(x)}2 + 4{f(x)} − 5 = 0 .
Solution
π
(c) Given that, f(x) = cot ( − x)
2
π π
According to the question, {f(x)}2 + 4f(x) − 5 = 0 ⇒ cot 2 ( 2 − x) + 4 cot ( 2 − x) − 5 = 0
⇒ tan2 x + 4 tan x − 5 = 0 ⇒ tan2 x + 5 tan x − tan x − 5 = 0 ⇒ (tan x + 5)(tan x − 1) = 0
π
Either, tan x = −5 Or, tan x = 1 = tan 4
tan x = tan x [α = tan−1 (−s)] π
⇒ x = nπ + , n ∈ ℤ
4
∴ x = nπ + α; n ∈ ℤ

27
 π
02. Scenario-2: f(x) = cos ( − x) . [Ctg.B’22]
2
(c) From scenario-2, solve 2{f(x)}2 − 11 f(x) + 5 = 0, Where 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π ⋅
Solution
π
(c) f(x) = cos ( 2 − x) = sin x
Now, 2 sin2 x − 11 sin x + 5 = 0
⇒ 2 sin2 x − 10 sin x − sin x + 5 = 0 ⇒ 2 sin x (sin x − 5) − 1(sin x − 5) = 0
1 π π
⇒ 2 sin x = 1 [sin x − 5 ≠ 0] ⇒ sin x = 2 = sin 6 ∴ x = nπ + (−1)n 6 ; n ∈ ℤ
Now,
π
n x = nπ + (−1)n 6 Acceptable value
π π
0 6 6
5π 5π
1 6 6
13π
2 6
17π
3 6
π 5π
The required solution 6 and 6

03. Scenario-1: 2sin2 θ − 2 = cos2θ [Din.B’22]

(b) Solve the equation of scenario-1 where −2π ≤ θ ≤ 2π.
Solution
(b) Given that, 2 sin2 θ − 2 = cos 2θ ⇒ 2 sin2 θ − 1 − 1 = cos 2θ ⇒ − cos 2θ − 1 = cos 2θ
1 2π 2π π
⇒ 2 cos 2θ = −1 ⇒ cos 2θ = − = cos ⇒ 2θ = 2nπ ± ⇒ θ = nπ ± ; [n ∈ ℤ]
2 3 3 3
7π 5π 4π 2π π π
If n = −2, θ = − ,− ; If n = −1, θ = − ,− ; If n = 0, θ = − ,
3 3 3 3 3 3
2π 4π 5π 7π
If n = 1, θ = , ; If n
3 3
= 2, θ =
,
3 3
5π 4π 2π π π 2π 4π 5π
∵ −2π ≤ θ ≤ 2π ∴ θ = − 3 ,− 3 ,− 3 ,−3,3, 3 , 3 , 3

04. (a) Find the general solution of the equation cos2θ + sinθ = 1. [DB’21]
Solution
(a) cos2θ + sinθ = 1 ⇒ 1 − 2 sin2 θ + sinθ = 1 ⇒ 2 sin2 θ − sinθ = 0 ⇒ sinθ(2sinθ − 1) = 0
π π
Either, sinθ = 0 ∴ θ = nπ Or, ⇒ sinθ = sin 6 ⇒ θ = nπ + (−1)n 6
π
∴ θ = nπ or nπ + (−1)n [Where, n ∈ ℤ]
6

05. (a) Solve: tan2 θ − 3 cosec 2 θ + 1 = 0. [Ctg.B’21]

Solution
1 3
(a) tan2 θ − 3 cosec 2 θ + 1 = 0 ⇒ (1 + tan2 θ) − 3 cosec 2 θ = 0 ⇒ sec 2 θ = 3 cosec 2 θ ⇒ cos2 θ = sin2 θ
π π π
⇒ tan2 θ = 3 ⇒ tan θ = ±√3 ⇒ tan θ = ± tan 3 ⇒ tan θ = tan (± 3 ) ∴ θ = nπ ± 3 , n ∈ ℤ (Ans.)

28
06. Scenario-2: f(x) = sin x. [JB’21]
2
(c) From scenario-2, solve the equation: 2{f(x)} + 5f(x) − 3 = 0.
Solution
(c) 2 sin2 x + 5 sin x − 3 = 0 ⇒ 2 sin2 x + 6 sin x − sin x − 3 = 0
⇒ 2 sin x (sin x + 3) − (sin x + 3) = 0
⇒ (sin x + 3) (2 sin x − 1) = 0
1
Hence, sin x ≠ −3 ∴ sin x = 2
π π
sin x = sin 6 ∴ x = nπ + (−1)n 6
n ∈ ℤ (Ans.)

07. (a) Solve: 2 (cos2 x − sin2 x) = √3 [SB’21]

Solution

(a) 2(cos2 x − sin2 x) = √3

√3 π
⇒ cos 2x = 2
⇒ cos 2x = cos 6
π π
∴ 2x = 2nπ ± 6 ⇒ x = nπ ± 12 ; n ∈ ℤ (Ans.)

08. Scenario-1: f(x) = √2x 2 − 3x + √2. [BB’19]

(b) From Scenario-1 solve: f(sinθ) = 0.
Solution

(b) Given that, f(x) = √2x 2 − 3x + √2 = √2 sin2 θ − 3sinθ + √2

Now according to the question, √2 sin2 θ − 3sinθ + √2 = 0
3±√9−8 3±1
⇒ sinθ = 2.√2
= 2√2
1 π π
Either, sinθ = = sin ⇒ θ = nπ + (−1)n , n ∈ ℤ
√2 4 4

or, sinθ = √2 ⇒ sinθ = sinα

where α = sin−1 √2
⇒ θ = nπ + (−1)n α ; α = sin−1 √2 and n ∈ ℤ

09. Scenario-2: 4(sin2 θ + cosθ) = 5, −2π < θ < 2π [DB, SB, JB, Din.B’18]
(c) Solve the equation in Scenario-2.
Solution
(c) 4 (sin2 θ + cosθ) = 5 ⇒ 4 (1 − cos2 θ + cosθ) = 5
⇒ 4 − 4 cos2 θ + 4cosθ = 5
⇒ 4 cos2 θ − 4cosθ + 1 = 0 ⇒ (2cosθ − 1)2 = 0
1 π
⇒ cosθ = 2 ⇒ θ = 2nπ ± 3 n ∈ ℤ
π 5π π 5π
Putting n = 0, 1, −1; θ = 3 , − 3
,−3, 3 (Ans.)

29