Class VIII

Chapter Linear equations in one variable

Historical -------------
background /
introductory Activity

Key To enable the students :

Concepts/Learning 1. To identify the Coefficients and Variables in linear equations in two variables.
Objectives 2. To know the Difference between polynomial and equation
3. To enable the students to find the solutions different equations in two
variables.

Vocabulary used • terms

• linear

• variables

• roots

• Zeros

• Infinite many solutions

• Area of triangle

• X-axis and Y- axis

• origin

• Introduction of linear equations using examples

Flow of Chapter
• Recap worksheet for assessing the previous knowledge of the
students
• FA Worksheet-1

• Solutions algebraically

• FA-Worksheet-2

• Solutions graphically
 • Activity

• Assignment for different learners (Hots and Remedials)

Project/ ______________________
Interdisciplinary
activity/Extension
activity

Points for emphasis-

Remarks for
teachers with
examples

Reference Material Use of cbse website : www.cbse.nic.in and DAV CMC Book

Online/offline
resources used

Common errors Students do common mistakes in identifying the signs of coordinates in

committed by quadrants and distances from x-axis and y-axis or even can’t be able to find
students distance from origin.

What is algebraic expression Recap

worksheet
Algebraic expression is the expression having constants and variable. It can have multiple variable for
and multiple power of the variable
Example assessing
10x the
2x -3 previous
3x + y
2xy + 11 knowledge
x2 +2 of the
students
What is algebraic equation
We already know the below terms from previous class
What is equation
An equation is a condition on a variable.
What is variable
A variable takes on different numerical values; its value is not fixed. Variables are denoted usually by
letters of the alphabets, such as x, y, z, l, m, n, p, etc

An algebraic equation is an equality involving variables. It says that the value of the expression on
one side of the equality sign is equal to the value of the expression on the other side.
Example
5x = 25
2x – 3 = 9,
11xy+1 =98
x2 +1=y2

Important points to remember

1)These all above equation contains the equality (=) sign.
2) The above equation can have more than one variable
3) The above equation can have highest power of variable > 1
4) The expression on the left of the equality sign is the Left Hand Side (LHS). The expression on the
right of the equality sign is the Right Hand Side (RHS)
5) In an equation the values of the expressions on the LHS and RHS are equal. This happens to be
true only for certain values of the variable. These values are the solutions of the equation.
6) We assume that the two sides of the equation are balanced. We perform the same mathematical
operations on both sides of the equation, so that the balance is not disturbed. We get the solution
after generally performing few steps
What are Linear equations Introducin
g linear
equations
A linear equation is an algebraic equation in which each term is either a constant or the product of a
constant and (the first power of) a single variable. Linear equations can have one or more variables
Example
ax+b=0
a and b are constant
ax+by+c=0
a,b,c are constants

In Linear equation ,No variable in a linear equation is raised to a power greater than 1 or used as the
denominator of a fraction.
So ax2 +b=0 is not a linear equation
Similary (a/x)+b=0 is not a linear equation

Linear equations are straight lines when plotted on Cartesian plane

Linear equations Solutions

S.n
Type of equation Mathematical representation Solutions
o
ax+b=0 ,a≠0
1 Linear equation in one Variable One solution
a and b are real number
ax+by+c=0 , a≠0 and b≠0 Infinite solution
2 Linear equation in two Variable
a, b and c are real number possible
ax+by+cz+d=0 , a≠0 ,b≠0 and
Linear equation in three Infinite solution
3 c≠0
Variable possible
a, b, c, d are real number
Graphical Representation of Linear equation in one and
two variable
Linear equation in two variables is represented by straight line the Cartesian plane.
Every point on the line is the solution of the equation.
Infact Linear equation in one variable can also be represented on Cartesian plane, it will be a straight
line either parallel to x –axis or y –axis
x-2=0 (straight line parallel to y axis). It means ( 2,<any value on y axis ) will satisfy this line
y-2=0 ( straight line parallel to x axis ). It means ( <any value on x-axis ),2 ) will satisfy this line

Steps to Draw the Given line on Cartesian plane| how to

graph the linear equations
1) Suppose the equation given is
ax+by+c=0 , a≠0 and b≠0
2) Find the value of y for x=0
y=-c/b
This point will lie on Y –axis. And the coordinates will be (0,-c/b)
3) Find the value of x for y=0
x=-c/a
This point will lie on X –axis. And the coordinates will be (-c/a, 0)
4) Now we can draw the line joining these two points

What is Linear equation in one Variable

We will restrict the above equation with two conditions
a) algebraic equation in one variable

b) variable will have power 1 only

Example
5x = 25
2x – 3 = 9
We will focus on Linear equation in One variable in this chapter.

Solving Equations which have Linear Expressions on

one Side and Numbers on the other Side
2x -3= 5
3x-11= 22

How to solve them

1) Transpose (changing the side of the number) the Numbers to the side where all number are
present. We know the sign of the number changes when we transpose it to other side
2) Now you will have a equation have variable on one side and number on other side. Add/subtract
on both the side to get single term
3) Now divide or multiply on both the side to get the value of the variable
Example
2x -3= 5
Solution
Transposing 3 to other side
2x=5+3
2x=8
Dividing both the sides by 2
x=4

Word Problem on Simple Linear equation in one variable

Linear equation can be used to solve many word Problem. The procedure is simple
1) First read the problem carefully. Write down the unknown and known
2) Assume one of the unknown to x and find the other unknown in term of that
3) Create the linear equation based on the condition given
4) Solve them by using the above method
Example:
The perimeter of a rectangular swimming pool is 154 m. Its length is 2 m more than twice its breadth.
What are the length and the breadth of the pool?
Solution
The unknown are length and breadth.
Let the breadth be x m.
Then as per question the length will be (2x + 2) m.
Perimeter of swimming pool = 2(l + b) = 154 m
2(2x + 2 + x) = 154
2(3x + 2) = 154
Dividing both sides by 2
 3x + 2 = 77
Transposing 2 to R.H.S, we obtain
3x = 77 − 2
3x = 75
Dividing 3 on both the sides
x = 25
So
Breath is 25 m
Length =2x + 2 = 2 × 25 + 2 = 52m
Hence, the breadth and length of the pool are 25 m and 52 m respectively.

Solving Equations having the Variable on both Sides

2x -3= 6-x
3x-11= 4x

How to solve them

1) Here we Transpose (changing the side of the number) both the variable and Numbers to the side
so that one side contains only the number and other side contains only the variable. We know the
sign of the number changes when we transpose it to other side.Same is the case with Variable
2) Now you will have a equation have variable on one side and number on other side. Add/subtract
on both the side to get single term
3) Now divide or multiply on both the side to get the value of the variable
Example
2x -3= 6-x
Solution
Transposing 3 to RHS and x to LHS
2x+x=6+3
3x=9
Dividing both the sides by 3
x=3

Reducing Equations to Simpler Form

You will find many situations where the linear equation may be having number in denominator. We
can perform the below steps to simplify them and solve it
1) Take the LCM of the denominator of both the LHS and RHS
2) Multiple the LCM on both the sides, this will reduce the number without denominator and we can
solve using the method described above
Example
Solve the linear equation

Solution

L.C.M. of the denominators, 2, 3, 4, and 5, is 60.

So Multiplying both sides by 60, we obtain
30x − 12 = 20x + 15 +60
Transposing 20x to R.H.S and 12 to L.H.S, we obtain
30x − 20x = 15 + 12+60
10x = 87
Dividing both the sides by 10
x=87/10=8.7

Question 1
Solve and check result: 3x = 2x + 18
Answer
3x = 2x + 18
Transposing 2x to L.H.S, we obtain
3x − 2x = 18
x = 18
Let us evaluate both the LHS and RHS for validate the answer
L.H.S = 3x = 3 × 18 = 54
R.H.S = 2x + 18 = 2 × 18 + 18 = 36 + 18 = 54
L.H.S. = R.H.S.
It proves that result is correct
Question 2
Solve and check result: 5t − 3 = 3t − 5
Answer
5t − 3 = 3t − 5
Transposing 3t to L.H.S and −3 to R.H.S, we obtain
5t − 3t = −5 − (−3)
2t = −2
Dividing both sides by 2
t = −1
Let us evaluate both the LHS and RHS for validate the answer
L.H.S = 5t − 3 = 5 × (−1) − 3 = −8
R.H.S = 3t − 5 = 3 × (−1) − 5 = − 3 − 5 = −8
L.H.S. = R.H.S.
It proves that result is correct
Question 3
Solve and check result
5x + 9 = 5 + 3x
Answer
5x + 9 = 5 + 3x
Transposing 3x to L.H.S and 9 to R.H.S, we obtain
5x − 3x = 5 − 9
2x = −4
Dividing both sides by 2, we obtain
x = −2
Let us evaluate both the LHS and RHS for validate the answer
L.H.S = 5x + 9 = 5 × (−2) + 9 = −1
R.H.S = 5 + 3x = 5 + 3 × (−2) = −1
L.H.S. = R.H.S.
It proves that result is correct
Question 4
Solve and check result:
4z + 3 = 6 + 2z
Answer
4z + 3 = 6 + 2z
Transposing 2z to L.H.S and 3 to R.H.S, we obtain
4z − 2z = 6 − 3
2z = 3
Dividing both sides by 2, we obtain
z=3/2
Let us evaluate both the LHS and RHS for validate the answer
L.H.S = 4z + 3 = 4 × (3/2) + 3 = 6 + 3 = 9
R.H.S = 6 + 2z = 6 + 2 × (3/2) = 6 + 3 = 9
L.H.S. = R.H.S.
It proves that result is correct
Question 5
Solve and check result:
2x − 1 = 14 − x
Answer
2x − 1 = 14 − x
Transposing x to L.H.S and 1 to R.H.S, we obtain
2x + x = 14 + 1
3x = 15
Dividing both sides by 3, we obtain
x=5
Let us evaluate both the LHS and RHS for validate the answer
L.H.S = 2x − 1 = 2 × (5) − 1 = 10 − 1 = 9
R.H.S = 14 − x = 14 − 5 = 9
L.H.S. = R.H.S.
It proves that result is correct

Question 6
Solve and check result:
8x + 4 = 3(x − 1) + 7
Answer
8x + 4 = 3(x − 1) + 7
8x + 4 = 3x − 3 + 7
Transposing 3x to L.H.S and 4 to R.H.S, we obtain
8x − 3x = − 3 + 7 − 4
5x = − 7 + 7
5x=0
x=0
Let us evaluate both the LHS and RHS for validate the answer
L.H.S = 8x + 4 = 8 × (0) + 4 = 4
R.H.S = 3(x − 1) + 7 = 3 (0 − 1) + 7 = − 3 + 7 = 4
L.H.S. = R.H.S.
It proves that result is correct
Question 7-

Solve and check result:

Answer

Multiplying both sides by 5, we obtain

5x = 4(x + 10)
5x = 4x + 40
Transposing 4x to L.H.S, we obtain
5x − 4x = 40
x = 40
Let us evaluate both the LHS and RHS for validate the answer
L.H.S = x = 40

R.H.S = = 40
L.H.S. = R.H.S.
It proves that result is correct
Question 8
Solve and check result:
Answer

Transposing 7x/15 on LHS and 1 on RHS

Multiplying by 15 on both sides

10x-7x= 30
3x=30
Dividing by 3 on both the sides
x=10
Let us evaluate both the LHS and RHS for validate the answer

L.H.S = =23/3

R.H.S= =23/3
L.H.S. = R.H.S.
It proves that result is correct
Question 9
Solve and check result

Answer

Transposing y to L.H.S and 5/3 to R.H.S, we obtain

3y=21/3
3y=7
Dividing both sides by 3, we obtain
y=7/3
Let us evaluate both the LHS and RHS for validate the answer

L.H.S. = R.H.S.
It proves that result is correct
Question 10
Solve and check result:

Answer
Transposing 3m to R.H.S and 8/5 to L.H.S
8/5= 2m
Dividing both sides by 2
m=4/5
Let us evaluate both the LHS and RHS for validate the answer
L.H.S = 3m=12/5
R.H.S = 5m –(8/5)=12/5
L.H.S. = R.H.S.
It proves that result is correct

Equations Reducible to the Linear Form

Let’s explain this with an example
The ages of Hari and Harry are in the ratio 5:7. Four years from now the ratio of their ages will be 3:4.
Find their present ages.
Solution
Let the common ratio between their ages be x. Therefore, Hari’s age and Harry’s age will be
5x years and 7x years respectively and four years later, their ages will be (5x + 4) years and (7x + 4)
years respectively.
According to the situation given in the question,

Now this is not a linear equation as we studied, but if you observe, we can reduce to linear
equation.
We multiply both the sides by (7x+4)
Multiplying both the sides by (7x+4)
(5x+4) =3(7x+4)/4
or
20x+16=21x+12
Transposing 20x to RHS and 12 to LHS
4=x
x=4
Hari’s age = 5x years = (5 × 4) years = 20 years
Harry’s age = 7x years = (7 × 4) years = 28 years
Therefore, Hari’s age and Harry’s age are 20 years and 28 years respectively.

Assignment-1
 1. Solve the following linear equations
a) x-11=7
b) z+8=9
c) 11x=121
d) y/11= 11
e) 23x/2= 46
f) 1.2= z/1.4

g) 7x-12=16
h) 7z-5=16
i) 10+6p=22
j) 11-5x+3x+4x=18
k) (x-2)+(x-3) +(x-9)= 0
l) (2x-2)+(3x-3) +(9x-9)= 1

Assignment-2
Question 1
Three consecutive integers are as such when they are taken in increasing order and multiplied by 2,
3, and 4 respectively, they add up to 56. Find these numbers.
Question 2
The perimeter of a rectangular swimming pool is 154 meters. Its length is 2m more than twice its
breadth. What are the length and breadth of the pool?
Question 3
Sum of two numbers is 95. If one exceeds the other by 15 find the numbers.
Question 4
Two numbers are in the ration 4:3. If they differ by 18, find these numbers
Question 5
Three consecutive integers add up to 57. What are these integers?
Question 6
There is a narrow rectangular plot. The length and breadth of the plot are in the ratio of 11:4. At the
rate of Rs. 100 per meter it will cost village panchayat Rs.75000 to fence the plot. What are the
dimensions of the plot?
Question 7
Convert the following statements into equations.
(a) 3 added to a number is 11
(b) 2 subtracted from a number is equal to 15.
(c) 3 times a number decreased by 2 is 4.
(d) 2 times the sum of the number x and 7 is 13.

Question 8
Amina thinks of a number and subtracts 5/2 from it. She multiplies the result by 8. The final result is 3
times her original number. Find the number
Question 9
A number is 12 more than the other. Find the numbers if their sum is 48.

Question 10
The sum of three consecutive odd numbers is 51. Find the numbers.
Question 11
Jane is 6 years older than her younger sister. After 10 years, the sum of their ages will be 50 years.
Find their present ages.
Question 12
The denominator of a fraction is greater than the numerator by 8. If the numerator is increased by 17
and denominator is decreased by 1, the number obtained is 3/2, find the fraction.
Question 13.
A sum of Rs2700 is to be given in the form of 63 prizes. If the prize is of either Rs100 or Rs25, find
the number of prizes of each type.
Question 14.
In an isosceles triangle, the base angles are equal and the vertex angle is 80°. Find the measure of
the base angles.
Question 15
True and False statement
a) The three consecutive positive integer can be written as x, x+1, x+2 where x is any positive
integer.
b) The cost of a pencil is 5 Rs more than the cost of an eraser. If the cost of 8 pencils and 10 erasers
is Rs 130, then the cost of pencil is 10 Rs
c) if 2(x-13) = 14, then x=20
d) The shifting of one number from one side of linear equation to another side is called transposition
e) The three consecutive multiple of 7 would 7x,7x+7, 7x+21

Question 16
Fifteen years from now Ravi’s age will be 4 times his current age. What is his current age?
a) 4 year
b) 5 years
c) 6 years
d) 3 years
Question 17
Ramesh is a cashier in a Canara bank. he has notes of denominations of Rs. 100, 50 and 10 respectively.
The ratio of number of these notes is 2:3:5 respectively. The total cash with Ramesh is 4,00,000. How
many notes of each denomination does he have?
a) 2000 100’s notes,3000 50’s notes and 5000 50’s notes
b) 4000 100’s notes,6000 50’s notes and 10000 50’s notes
c) 1000 100’s notes,1500 50’s notes and 2500 50’s notes
d) None of these

Assignment-3
Question 1
Solve each of the following equations

(a) x + 2 = -11
(b) 2x - 1/6 = 3
(c) 7x - 7 = 21
(d) -7x = 84
(e) 18 +7x = -3
(f) 3(x - 4) = 21
(g)3x/2 - 2x/3 = 8
(h) 3x - 9 = 4x - 3
(i) 3(2x - 3) = 4(2x + 4) Question 2
Solve each of the following equations and check your solution by substituting in the
equation.

(a) x/2 - 10 = 1/2

(b) x/3 - x/2 = 6
(c) 6x - 9 - 2(1 + x) = x - 9
(d) 2(x +2) + 5(x + 5) = 4(x - 8) + 2(x - 2)
(e) (3 + y)/(y + 7) = 3/5
(f) (3x - 2)/(2x - 3) = - 1/2
(g) (x - 7 )/3 = (x - 1)/5

Assignment-4
Question 1- Amina thinks of a number and subtracts 5/2 from it. She multiplies the result by 8. The
result now obtained is 3 times the same number she thought of. What is the number?
Answer - Let the number be x.
According to the given question,
8(x-5/2) = 3x
8x − 20 = 3x
Transposing 3x to L.H.S and −20 to R.H.S, we obtain
8x − 3x = 20
5x = 20
Dividing both sides by 5, we obtain
x=4
Hence, the number is 4.
Question 2- A positive number is 5 times another number. If 21 is added to both the numbers, then
one of the new numbers becomes twice the other new number. What are the numbers?
Answer - Let the numbers be x and 5x. As per question,
21 + 5x = 2(x + 21)
21 + 5x = 2x + 42
Transposing 2x to L.H.S and 21 to R.H.S, we obtain
5x − 2x = 42 − 21
3x = 21
Dividing both sides by 3, we obtain
x=7
5x = 5 × 7 = 35
Hence, the numbers are 7 and 35 respectively.
Question 3- Sum of the digits of a two digit number is 9. When we interchange the digits it is found
that the resulting new number is greater than the original number by 27. What is the two-digit
number?
Answer - Let the digits at tens place and one’s place be x and 9 − x respectively.
Therefore, original number = 10x + (9 − x) = 9x + 9
On interchanging the digits, the digits at ones place and tens place will be x and 9 − x respectively.
Therefore, new number after interchanging the digits = 10(9 − x) + x
= 90 − 10x + x
= 90 − 9x
As per question,
New number = Original number + 27
90 − 9x = 9x + 9 + 27
90 − 9x = 9x + 36
Transposing 9x to R.H.S and 36 to L.H.S, we obtain
90 − 36 = 18x
54 = 18x
Dividing both sides by 18, we obtain
3 = x and 9 − x = 6
Hence, the digits at tens place and ones place of the number are 3 and 6 respectively.
Therefore, the two-digit number is 36
Question 4- One of the two digits of a two digit number is three times the other digit. If you
interchange the digit of this two-digit number and add the resulting number to the original number,
you get 88. What is the original number?
Answer - Let the digits at tens place and one’s place be x and 3x respectively.
Therefore, original number = 10x + 3x = 13x
On interchanging the digits, the digits at ones place and tens place will be x and 3x respectively.
Number after interchanging = 10 × 3x + x = 30x + x = 31x
According to the given question,
Original number + New number = 88
13x + 31x = 88
44x = 88
Dividing both sides by 44, we obtain
x=2
Therefore, original number = 13x = 13 × 2 = 26
By considering the tens place and ones place as 3x and x respectively, the two-digit number obtained
is 62.
Therefore, the two-digit number may be 26 or 62.
Question 5- Shobo’s mother’s present age is six times Shobo’s present age. Shobo’s age five years
from now will be one third of this mother’s present age. What are their present ages?
Answer - Let Shobo’s age be x years. Therefore, his mother’s age will be 6x years.
According to the given question,
(x+5)=6x/3
x + 5 = 2x
Transposing x to R.H.S, we obtain
5 = 2x − x
5=x
6x = 6 × 5 = 30
Therefore, the present ages of Shobo and Shobo’s mother will be 5 years and 30 years respectively.
Question 6- There is a narrow rectangular plot, reserved for a school, in Mahuli village. The length
and breadth of the plot are in the ratio 11:4. At the rate Rs 100 per metre it will cost the village
panchayat Rs 75, 000 to fence the plot. What are the dimensions of the plot?
Answer - Let the common ratio between the length and breadth of the rectangular plot be x. Hence,
the length and breadth of the rectangular plot will be 11x m and 4x m respectively.
Perimeter of the plot = 2(Length + Breadth) It is given that the cost of fencing the plot at the rate of
Rs 100 per metre is Rs 75, 000.
So
100 × Perimeter = 75000
100 × 30x = 75000
3000x = 75000
Dividing both sides by 3000
x = 25
Length = 11x m = (11 × 25) m = 275 m
Breadth = 4x m = (4 × 25) m = 100 m
Hence, the dimensions of the plot are 275 m and 100 m respectively.

Question 1:
If you subtract ½ from a number and multiply the result by 1/2, you get 1/8. What is the number?
Answer:
Let x be the number then as per the question

The LCM of denominator is 8, so multiplying by 8 on both sides

4x-2=1
Transposing 2 to R.H.S, we obtain
4x=3
Dividing 4 on both the sides
x=3/4
Question 2:
The perimeter of a rectangular swimming pool is 154 m. Its length is 2 m more than twice its
breadth. What are the length and the breadth of the pool?
Answer:
Let the breadth be x m.
Then as per question the length will be (2x + 2) m.
Perimeter of swimming pool = 2(l + b) = 154 m
2(2x + 2 + x) = 154
2(3x + 2) = 154
Dividing both sides by 2
3x + 2 = 77
Transposing 2 to R.H.S, we obtain
3x = 77 − 2
3x = 75
Dividing 3 on both the sides
x = 25
So
Breath is 25 m
Length =2x + 2 = 2 × 25 + 2 = 52m
Hence, the breadth and length of the pool are 25 m and 52 m respectively.
Question 3:
The base of an isosceles triangle is 4/3 cm. The perimeter of the triangle is cm. What is the length
of either of the remaining equal sides?

Answer:
Let the length of equal sides be x cm.
Perimeter = x cm + x cm + Base
Substituting the values, we get

The LCM of the denominator is 15, so multiplying both the sides by 15

30x+ 20=62
Transposing 20 to R.H.S, we obtain
30x=42
Dividing by 30 on both the sides
x=42/30=7/5
Therefore, the length of equal sides is 7/5 cm.
Question 4:
Sum of two numbers is 95. If one exceeds the other by 15, find the numbers.
Answer:
Let one number be x. Therefore, the other number will be x + 15.
According to the question,
x + x + 15 = 95
2x + 15 = 95
Transposing 15 to R.H.S, we obtain
2x = 95 − 15
2x = 80
Dividing both sides by 2, we obtain
x = 40
So the other number will be
x + 15 = 40 + 15 = 55
Hence, the numbers are 40 and 55.
Question 5:
Two numbers are in the ratio 5:3. If they differ by 18, what are the numbers?
Answer:
In this type of question, the strategy is to choose common ratio and solve the equation to find
the exact numbers
Let the common ratio between these numbers be x. Therefore, the numbers will be 5x and
3x respectively.
Difference between these numbers = 18
5x − 3x = 18
2x = 18
Dividing both sides by 2,
x=9
First number = 5x = 5 × 9 = 45
Second number = 3x = 3 × 9 = 27
Question 6:
Three consecutive integers add up to 51. What are these integers?
Answer:
Let three consecutive integers be x, x + 1, and x + 2.
Then as per question
Sum of these numbers = x+ x + 1 + x + 2 = 51
3x + 3 = 51
Transposing 3 to R.H.S, we obtain
3x = 51 − 3
3x = 48
Dividing both sides by 3
x = 16, so other numbers will be
x + 1 = 17
x + 2 = 18
Hence, the consecutive integers are 16, 17, and 18.
Question 7:
The sum of three consecutive multiples of 8 is 888. Find the multiples.
Answer :
Let the three consecutive multiples of 8 be 8x, 8(x + 1), 8(x + 2).
As per questions,
Sum of these numbers = 8x + 8(x + 1) + 8(x + 2) = 888
8(x + x + 1 + x + 2) = 888
8(3x + 3) = 888
Dividing both sides by 8
3x + 3 = 111
Transposing 3 to R.H.S, we obtain
3x = 111 − 3
3x = 108
Dividing both sides by 3, we obtain
x = 36, so the three multiples will be
First multiple = 8x = 8 × 36 = 288
Second multiple = 8(x + 1) = 8 × (36 + 1) = 8 × 37 = 296
Third multiple = 8(x + 2) = 8 × (36 + 2) = 8 × 38 = 304
Hence, the required numbers are 288, 296, and 304.
Question 8 :
Three consecutive integers are such that when they are taken in increasing order and multiplied by 2,
3 and 4 respectively, they add up to 74. Find these numbers.

Answer:
Let three consecutive integers be x, x + 1, x + 2.
According to the question,
2x + 3(x + 1) + 4(x + 2) = 74
2x + 3x + 3 + 4x + 8 = 74
9x + 11 = 74
Transposing 11 to R.H.S, we obtain
9x = 74 − 11
9x = 63
Dividing both sides by 9, we obtain
x = 7, so the integers are
x+1=7+1=8
x+2=7+2=9
Hence, the numbers are 7, 8, and 9.
Question 9 :
The ages of Rahul and Haroon are in the ratio 5:7. Four years later the sum of their ages will be 56
years. What are their present ages?
Answer :
In this type of question, the strategy is to choose common ratio and solve the equation to find
the exact numbers
Let common ratio between Rahul’s age and Haroon’s age be y.
Then
Age of Rahul =5y years
Age of haroon = 7y years
So After 4 years, the age of Rahul and Haroon will be (5y + 4) years and (7y + 4) years respectively.
According to the given question, after 4 years, the sum of the ages of Rahul and Haroon is 56 years.
(5y + 4) + (7y + 4) = 56
12y + 8 = 56
Transposing 8 to R.H.S, we obtain
12y = 56 − 8
12y = 48
Dividing both sides by 12
y = 4,so the ages will be
Rahul’s age = 5y years = (5 × 4) years = 20 years
Haroon’s age = 7y years = (7 × 4) years = 28 years
Question 10 :
The number of boys and girls in a class are in the ratio 7:5. The number of boys is 8 more than the
number of girls. What is the total class strength?
Answer :
Let the common ratio between the number of boys and numbers of girls be y
Number of boys = 7y
Number of girls = 5y
As per the question,
Number of boys = Number of girls + 8
7y = 5y + 8
Transposing 5y to L.H.S, we obtain
7y – 5y = 8
2y = 8
Dividing both sides by 2
y=4
So the strength of boys and girls are
Number of boys = 7y = 7 × 4 = 28
Number of girls = 5y= 5 × 4 = 20
Hence, total class strength = 28 + 20 = 48 students
Question 11 :
Baichung's father is 26 years younger than Baichung's grandfather and 29 years older than
Baichung. The sum of the ages of all the three is 135 years. What is the age of each one of
them?

Answer :
Let us assume Baichung’s father’s age be x years.
Therefore, Baichung’s age and Baichung’s grandfather’s age will be (x − 29) years and
(x + 26) years respectively.
As per the question,
The sum of the ages of these 3 people is 135 years.
So
x +( x – 29) +( x + 26) = 135
3x − 3 = 135
Transposing 3 to R.H.S, we obtain
3x = 135 + 3
3x = 138
Dividing both sides by 3
x = 46, then the ages of three people will be
Baichung’s father’s age = x years = 46 years
Baichung’s age = (x − 29) years = (46 − 29) years = 17 years
Baichung’s grandfather’s age = (x + 26) years = (46 + 26) years = 72 years
Question 12 :
Fifteen years from now Ravi’s age will be four times his present age. What is Ravi’s present
age?
Answer :
Let Ravi’s present age be x years.
Fifteen years later, Ravi’s age = 4 × His present age
x + 15 = 4x
Transposing x to R.H.S, we obtain
15 = 4x − x
15 = 3x
Dividing both sides by 3, we obtain
5=x
Hence, Ravi’s present age = 5 years
Question 13 :
A rational number is such that when you multiply it by 5/2 and add 2/3 to the product, you

get What is the number?

Answer:
Let x be the rational number ,then

The LCM of 2,3 and 12 is 12,so multiplying by 12

30x+8=-7
Transposing 8 to R.H.S, we obtain
30x=-15
Dividing by 30 on both the sides
x=-1/2
 Question 14 :
Lakshmi is a cashier in a bank. She has currency notes of denominations Rs 100, Rs 50

and Rs 10, respectively. The ratio of the number of these notes is 2:3:5. The total cash

with Lakshmi is Rs 4, 00,000. How many notes of each denomination does she have?

Answer :
Let the common ratio between the numbers of notes of different denominations be y.

Therefore, numbers of Rs 100 notes, Rs 50 notes, and Rs 10 notes will be 2y, 3y, and

5y respectively.
Amount of Rs 100 notes = Rs (100 × 2y) = Rs 200y
Amount of Rs 50 notes = Rs (50 × 3y)= Rs 150y
Amount of Rs 10 notes = Rs (10 × 5y) = Rs 50y
As per question the total amount is Rs 400000.
200x + 150x + 50x = 400000
400x = 400000
Dividing both sides by 400, we obtain
x = 1000,so number of notes of each denominations
Number of Rs 100 notes = 2x = 2 × 1000 = 2000
Number of Rs 50 notes = 3x = 3 × 1000 = 3000
Number of Rs 10 notes = 5x = 5 × 1000 = 5000
Question 15:
I have a total of Rs 300 in coins of denomination Re 1, Rs 2 and Rs 5. The number of

Rs 2 coins is 3 times the number of Rs 5 coins. The total number of coins is 160. How

many coins of each denomination are with me?

Answer :
Let the number of Rs 5 coins be x.
Then Number of Rs 2 coins = 3x
Now it is given that that total number of coins is 160,so
Number of Re 1 coins = 160 − (Number of coins of Rs 5 and of Rs 2)
= 160 − (3x + x) = 160 − 4x
Amount of Re 1 coins = Rs [1 × (160 − 4x)] = Rs (160 − 4x)
Amount of Rs 2 coins = Rs (2 × 3x)= Rs 6x
Amount of Rs 5 coins = Rs (5 × x) = Rs 5x
As per question total amount is Rs 300.
160 − 4x + 6x + 5x = 300
160 + 7x = 300
Transposing 160 to R.H.S, we obtain
7x = 300 − 160
7x = 140
Dividing both sides by 7, we obtain
 x = 20, so the number of coins of each denominations will be
Number of Re 1 coins = 160 − 4x = 160 − 4 × 20 = 160 − 80 = 80
Number of Rs 2 coins = 3x = 3 × 20 = 60
Number of Rs 5 coins = x = 20
Question 16 :
The organizers of an essay competition decide that a winner in the competition gets a prize

of Rs 100 and a participant who does not win gets a prize of Rs 25. The total prize money

distributed is Rs 3000. Find the number of winners, if the total number of participants is 63.
Answer:
Let the number of winners be x.
Therefore, the number of participants who did not win will be 63 − x.
Amount given to the winners = Rs (100 × x) = Rs 100x
Amount given to the participants who did not win = Rs [25(63 − x)]
= Rs (1575 − 25x)
As per the question,
100x + 1575 − 25x = 3000
Transposing 1575 to R.H.S, we obtain
75x = 3000 − 1575
75x = 1425
Dividing both sides by 75, we obtain
x = 19
Hence, number of winners = 19

Question 1
Solve and check result: 3x = 2x + 18
Answer
3x = 2x + 18
Transposing 2x to L.H.S, we obtain
3x − 2x = 18
x = 18
Let us evaluate both the LHS and RHS for validate the answer
L.H.S = 3x = 3 × 18 = 54
R.H.S = 2x + 18 = 2 × 18 + 18 = 36 + 18 = 54
L.H.S. = R.H.S.
It proves that result is correct
Question 2
Solve and check result: 5t − 3 = 3t − 5
Answer
5t − 3 = 3t − 5
Transposing 3t to L.H.S and −3 to R.H.S, we obtain
5t − 3t = −5 − (−3)
2t = −2
Dividing both sides by 2
t = −1
Let us evaluate both the LHS and RHS for validate the answer
L.H.S = 5t − 3 = 5 × (−1) − 3 = −8
R.H.S = 3t − 5 = 3 × (−1) − 5 = − 3 − 5 = −8
L.H.S. = R.H.S.
It proves that result is correct
Question 3
Solve and check result
 5x + 9 = 5 + 3x
Answer
5x + 9 = 5 + 3x
Transposing 3x to L.H.S and 9 to R.H.S, we obtain
5x − 3x = 5 − 9
2x = −4
Dividing both sides by 2, we obtain
x = −2
Let us evaluate both the LHS and RHS for validate the answer
L.H.S = 5x + 9 = 5 × (−2) + 9 = −1
R.H.S = 5 + 3x = 5 + 3 × (−2) = −1
L.H.S. = R.H.S.
It proves that result is correct
Question 4
Solve and check result:
4z + 3 = 6 + 2z
Answer
4z + 3 = 6 + 2z
Transposing 2z to L.H.S and 3 to R.H.S, we obtain
4z − 2z = 6 − 3
2z = 3
Dividing both sides by 2, we obtain
z=3/2
Let us evaluate both the LHS and RHS for validate the answer
L.H.S = 4z + 3 = 4 × (3/2) + 3 = 6 + 3 = 9
R.H.S = 6 + 2z = 6 + 2 × (3/2) = 6 + 3 = 9
L.H.S. = R.H.S.
It proves that result is correct
Question 5
Solve and check result:
2x − 1 = 14 − x
Answer
2x − 1 = 14 − x
Transposing x to L.H.S and 1 to R.H.S, we obtain
2x + x = 14 + 1
3x = 15
Dividing both sides by 3, we obtain
x=5
Let us evaluate both the LHS and RHS for validate the answer
L.H.S = 2x − 1 = 2 × (5) − 1 = 10 − 1 = 9
R.H.S = 14 − x = 14 − 5 = 9
L.H.S. = R.H.S.
It proves that result is correct

Question 6
Solve and check result:
8x + 4 = 3(x − 1) + 7
Answer
8x + 4 = 3(x − 1) + 7
8x + 4 = 3x − 3 + 7
Transposing 3x to L.H.S and 4 to R.H.S, we obtain
8x − 3x = − 3 + 7 − 4
5x = − 7 + 7
5x=0
x=0
 Let us evaluate both the LHS and RHS for validate the answer
L.H.S = 8x + 4 = 8 × (0) + 4 = 4
R.H.S = 3(x − 1) + 7 = 3 (0 − 1) + 7 = − 3 + 7 = 4
L.H.S. = R.H.S.
It proves that result is correct
Question 7-

Solve and check result:

Answer

Multiplying both sides by 5, we obtain

5x = 4(x + 10)
5x = 4x + 40
Transposing 4x to L.H.S, we obtain
5x − 4x = 40
x = 40
Let us evaluate both the LHS and RHS for validate the answer
L.H.S = x = 40

R.H.S = = 40
L.H.S. = R.H.S.
It proves that result is correct
Question 8
Solve and check result:

Answer

Transposing 7x/15 on LHS and 1 on RHS

 Multiplying by 15 on both sides
10x-7x= 30
3x=30
Dividing by 3 on both the sides
x=10
Let us evaluate both the LHS and RHS for validate the answer

L.H.S = =23/3

R.H.S= =23/3
L.H.S. = R.H.S.
It proves that result is correct
Question 9
Solve and check result

Answer

Transposing y to L.H.S and 5/3 to R.H.S, we obtain

3y=21/3
3y=7
Dividing both sides by 3, we obtain
y=7/3
Let us evaluate both the LHS and RHS for validate the answer
 L.H.S. = R.H.S.
It proves that result is correct
Question 10
Solve and check result:

Answer

Transposing 3m to R.H.S and 8/5 to L.H.S

8/5= 2m
Dividing both sides by 2
m=4/5
Let us evaluate both the LHS and RHS for validate the answer
L.H.S = 3m=12/5
R.H.S = 5m –(8/5)=12/5
L.H.S. = R.H.S.
It proves that result is correct

Question 1- Amina thinks of a number and subtracts 5/2 from it. She multiplies the result by 8. The
result now obtained is 3 times the same number she thought of. What is the number? Remedial
Answer - Let the number be x.
According to the given question,
8(x-5/2) = 3x
8x − 20 = 3x
Transposing 3x to L.H.S and −20 to R.H.S, we obtain
8x − 3x = 20
5x = 20
Dividing both sides by 5, we obtain
x=4
Hence, the number is 4.
Question 2- A positive number is 5 times another number. If 21 is added to both the numbers, then
one of the new numbers becomes twice the other new number. What are the numbers?
Answer - Let the numbers be x and 5x. As per question,
21 + 5x = 2(x + 21)
21 + 5x = 2x + 42
Transposing 2x to L.H.S and 21 to R.H.S, we obtain
5x − 2x = 42 − 21
3x = 21
Dividing both sides by 3, we obtain
x=7
5x = 5 × 7 = 35
Hence, the numbers are 7 and 35 respectively.
Question 3- Sum of the digits of a two digit number is 9. When we interchange the digits it is found
that the resulting new number is greater than the original number by 27. What is the two-digit
number?
Answer - Let the digits at tens place and one’s place be x and 9 − x respectively.
Therefore, original number = 10x + (9 − x) = 9x + 9
On interchanging the digits, the digits at ones place and tens place will be x and 9 − x respectively.
Therefore, new number after interchanging the digits = 10(9 − x) + x
= 90 − 10x + x
= 90 − 9x
As per question,
New number = Original number + 27
90 − 9x = 9x + 9 + 27
90 − 9x = 9x + 36
Transposing 9x to R.H.S and 36 to L.H.S, we obtain
90 − 36 = 18x
54 = 18x
Dividing both sides by 18, we obtain
3 = x and 9 − x = 6
Hence, the digits at tens place and ones place of the number are 3 and 6 respectively.
Therefore, the two-digit number is 36
Question 4- One of the two digits of a two digit number is three times the other digit. If you
interchange the digit of this two-digit number and add the resulting number to the original number,
you get 88. What is the original number?
Answer - Let the digits at tens place and one’s place be x and 3x respectively.
Therefore, original number = 10x + 3x = 13x
On interchanging the digits, the digits at ones place and tens place will be x and 3x respectively.
Number after interchanging = 10 × 3x + x = 30x + x = 31x
According to the given question,
Original number + New number = 88
13x + 31x = 88
44x = 88
Dividing both sides by 44, we obtain
x=2
Therefore, original number = 13x = 13 × 2 = 26
By considering the tens place and ones place as 3x and x respectively, the two-digit number obtained
is 62.
Therefore, the two-digit number may be 26 or 62.
Question 5- Shobo’s mother’s present age is six times Shobo’s present age. Shobo’s age five years
from now will be one third of this mother’s present age. What are their present ages?
Answer - Let Shobo’s age be x years. Therefore, his mother’s age will be 6x years.
According to the given question,
(x+5)=6x/3
x + 5 = 2x
Transposing x to R.H.S, we obtain
5 = 2x − x
5=x
6x = 6 × 5 = 30
Therefore, the present ages of Shobo and Shobo’s mother will be 5 years and 30 years respectively.
Question 6- There is a narrow rectangular plot, reserved for a school, in Mahuli village. The length
and breadth of the plot are in the ratio 11:4. At the rate Rs 100 per metre it will cost the village
panchayat Rs 75, 000 to fence the plot. What are the dimensions of the plot?
Answer - Let the common ratio between the length and breadth of the rectangular plot be x. Hence,
the length and breadth of the rectangular plot will be 11x m and 4x m respectively.
Perimeter of the plot = 2(Length + Breadth) It is given that the cost of fencing the plot at the rate of
Rs 100 per metre is Rs 75, 000.
So
100 × Perimeter = 75000
100 × 30x = 75000
3000x = 75000
Dividing both sides by 3000
x = 25
Length = 11x m = (11 × 25) m = 275 m
Breadth = 4x m = (4 × 25) m = 100 m
Hence, the dimensions of the plot are 275 m and 100 m respectively.

Question 7- Hasan buys two kinds of cloth materials for school uniforms, shirt material that costs him
Rs 50 per metre and trouser material that costs him Rs 90 per metre. For every 2 meters of the
trouser material he buys 3 metres of the shirt material. He sells the materials at 12% and 10% profit
respectively. His total sale is Rs 36660. How much trouser material did he buy?
Answer - Let 2x m of trouser material and 3x m of shirt material be bought by him.
Per metre selling price of trouser material =Original Price + Profit
=90 + 12% Profit
=90 + 12X90/100
=Rs 100.80
Per metre selling price of shirt material
=Original Price + Profit
=50 + 10% Profit
=50 + 10X50/100
=Rs 55
We know from question that total amount of selling = Rs 36660,So
100.80 × (2x) + 55 × (3x) = 36660
201.60x + 165x = 36660
366.60x = 36660
Dividing both sides by 366.60
x = 100
Trouser material = 2x m = (2 × 100) m = 200 m
Question 8 Half of a herd of deer are grazing in the field and three fourths of the remaining are
playing nearby. The rest 9 are drinking water from the pond. Find the number of deer in the herd.
Answer - Let the number of deer be x.
Number of deer grazing in the field = x/2
So remaining would be x/2
Now Number of Deer playing near by= (3/4)(x/2)= 3x/8
Number of deer drinking water from the pond = 9
So

Multiplying both sides by 8, we obtain

8x –(4x+3x)=72
x=72
Hence, the total number of deer in the herd is 72.
Question 9- A grandfather is ten times older than his granddaughter. He is also 54 years older than
her. Find their present ages
Answer - Let the granddaughter’s age be x years. Therefore, grandfather’s age will be
10x years.
According to the question,
Grandfather’s age = Granddaughter’s age + 54 years
10x = x + 54
Transposing x to L.H.S, we obtain
10x − x = 54
9x = 54
x=6
Granddaughter’s age = x years = 6 years
Grandfather’s age = 10x years = (10 × 6) years = 60 years
Question 10
Aman’s age is three times his son’s age. Ten years ago he was five times his son’s age. Find their
present ages.
Answer Let Aman’s son’s age be x years. Therefore, Aman’s age will be 3x years. Ten years ago,
their age were (x − 10) years and (3x − 10) years respectively.
According to the question,
10 years ago, Aman’s age = 5 × Aman’s son’s age 10 years ago
3x − 10 = 5(x − 10)
3x − 10 = 5x − 50
Transposing 3x to R.H.S and 50 to L.H.S, we obtain
50 − 10 = 5x − 3x
40 = 2x
Dividing both sides by 2, we obtain
20 = x
Aman’s son’s age = x years = 20 years
Aman’s age = 3x years = (3 × 20) years = 60 years

Question 1 Solve the linear equation

Answer:

L.C.M. of the denominators, 2, 3, 4, and 5, is 60.

So Multiplying both sides by 60, we obtain
30x − 12 = 20x + 15
Transposing 20x to R.H.S and 12 to L.H.S, we obtain
30x − 20x = 15 + 12
10x = 27
X=27/10=2.7
Question 2 Solve the linear equation

Answer:

L.C.M. of the denominators, 2, 4, and 6, is 12.

Multiplying both sides by 12, we obtain
6n − 9n + 10n = 252
7n = 252
Dividing by 7 on both the sides
n=36
Question 3- Solve the linear equation

Answer:

L.C.M. of the denominators, 2, 3, and 6, is 6.

Multiplying both sides by 6, we obtain
6x + 42 − 16x = 17 − 15x
Transposing 15x to RHS and 42 to LHS
6x − 16x + 15x = 17 − 42
5x = −25
Dividing by 5 on both the sides
x=-5
Question 4- Solve the linear equation

Answer:

L.C.M. of the denominators, 3 and 5, is 15.

Multiplying both sides by 15, we obtain
5(x − 5) = 3(x − 3)
5x − 25 = 3x − 9
Transposing 3x to RHS and 25 to LHS
5x − 3x = 25 − 9
2x = 16
Dividing both the sides by 2
x=8
Question 5- Solve the linear equation

Answer:

L.C.M. of the denominators, 3 and 4, is 12.

Multiplying both sides by 12, we obtain
3(3t − 2) − 4(2t + 3) = 8 − 12t
9t − 6 − 8t − 12 = 8 − 12t
Transposing 12t to RHS and 6 and 12 to LHS
9t − 8t + 12t = 8 + 6 + 12
 13t = 26
Dividing by 13 on both the sides
t=2
Question 6 Solve the linear equation

Answer:

L.C.M. of the denominators, 2 and 3, is 6.

Multiplying both sides by 6, we obtain
6m − 3(m − 1) = 6 − 2(m − 2)
6m − 3m + 3 = 6 − 2m + 4
Transposing 2m to RHS and 3 to LHS
6m − 3m + 2m = 6 + 4 − 3
5m = 7
Dividing by 5 on both the sides
m=7/5

Question 7- Simplify and solve the linear equation 3(t − 3) = 5(2t + 1)

Answer
3(t − 3) = 5(2t + 1)
3t − 9 = 10t + 5
−9 − 5 = 10t − 3t
−14 = 7t
t=-2
Question 8- Simplify and solve the linear equation 15(y − 4) − 2(y − 9) + 5(y + 6) = 0
Answer
15(y − 4) − 2(y − 9) + 5(y + 6) = 0
15y − 60 − 2y + 18 + 5y + 30 = 0
18y − 12 = 0
18y = 12 y=12/18=2/3
Question 9- Simplify and solve the linear equation
3(5z − 7) − 2(9z − 11) = 4(8z − 13)−17
Answer
3(5z − 7) − 2(9z − 11) = 4(8z − 13)−17
15z − 21 − 18z + 22 = 32z − 52 − 17
−3z + 1 = 32z − 69
−3z − 32z = −69 − 1
−35z = −70
z=2 Question 10- Simplify and solve the linear equation 0.25(4f − 3) = 0.05(10f − 9)
Answer
0.25(4f − 3) = 0.05(10f − 9)
Multiplying both sides by 20, we obtain
5(4f − 3) = 10f − 9
20f − 15 = 10f − 9
20f − 10f = − 9 + 15
10f = 6
f==6/10=3/5

Question 1
Solve:
Answer

On multiplying both sides by 3x, we obtain

8x − 3 = 6x
Transposing 6x to LHS and 3 to RHS
8x − 6x = 3
2x = 3
Dividing 2 on both the sides
x=3/2
Question 2

Solve:
Answer

On multiplying both sides by 7 − 6x, we obtain

9x = 15(7 − 6x)
9x = 105 − 90x
Transposing 90x on LHS
9x + 90x = 105
99x = 105
Dividing 99 on both the sides
x=105/99
Question 3

Solve:
Answer

On multiplying both sides by 9(z + 15), we obtain

9z = 4(z + 15)
9z = 4z + 60
Transposing 4z on LHS
9z − 4z = 60
5z = 60
Dividing 5 on both the sides
z = 12

Question 4
Solve

Answer
On multiplying both sides by 5(2 − 6y), we obtain
5(3y + 4) = −2(2 − 6y)
15y + 20 = − 4 + 12y
Transposing 12y to LHS and 20 to RHS
15y − 12y = − 4 – 20
3y = −24
Dividing by 3 on both the sides
y = −8
Question 5

Solve:
Answer

On multiplying both sides by 3(y + 2), we obtain

3(7y + 4) = −4(y + 2)
21y + 12 = − 4y – 8
Transposing 4y to LHS and 12 to RHS
21y + 4y = − 8 − 12
25y = −20
Dividing by 25 on both the sides
y=-20/25=-4/5
Question 6- The ages of Hari and Harry are in the ratio 5:7. Four years from now the ratio of their
ages will be 3:4. Find their present ages.
Answer
Let the common ratio between their ages be x. Therefore, Hari’s age and Harry’s age will be
5x years and 7x years respectively and four years later, their ages will be (5x + 4) years and (7x + 4)
years respectively.
According to the situation given in the question,

Multiplying both the sides by 4(7x+4)

4(5x+4)=3(7x+4)
20x+16=21x+12
Transposing 20x to RHS and 12 to LHS
4=x
x=4
Hari’s age = 5x years = (5 × 4) years = 20 years
Harry’s age = 7x years = (7 × 4) years = 28 years
Therefore, Hari’s age and Harry’s age are 20 years and 28 years respectively.
Question 7- The denominator of a rational number is greater than its numerator by 8. If the
numerator is increased by 17 and the denominator is decreased by 1, the number obtained is 3/2 .
Find the rational number.
Answer - Let the numerator of the rational number be x. Therefore, its denominator will
be x + 8.
The rational number will be x/(x+8) According to the question

2(x + 17) = 3(x + 7)

2x + 34 = 3x + 21
34 − 21 = 3x − 2x
13 = x
Numerator of the rational number = x = 13
Denominator of the rational number = x + 8 = 13 + 8 = 21
 D.A.V PUBLIC SEN. SEC. SCHOOL
PHASE 10, S.A.S. NAGAR

LESSON-PLAN

SUBJECT-MATHEMATICS

TOPIC- Linear Equations in one variable

CLASS:-8TH

TIME:-12 DAYS

Teacher’s Name : Rakesh

Kumar