01/04/2018

University of Engineering & Technology

Peshawar, Pakistan

CE301: Structure Analysis II

Module 04:
Analysis of S.I Pin Jointed Frames (Trusses) Using
Flexibility method

By:
Prof. Dr. Bashir Alam
Civil Engineering Department
UET , Peshawar

Topics to be Covered
• Introduction
• Prerequisites for using flexibility method for Trusses
• Indeterminacy of trusses
• Revision of Unit Load Method
• Flexibility method procedure for truss analysis
• Analysis of trusses Example 1
• Example 2
• Example 3
• Assignments

1
 01/04/2018

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

 Introduction:
Trusses are analyzed with flexibility method due to
• To solve the problem in matrix notation, which is more systematic
• To compute reactions at all the supports.
• To compute internal resisting axial force in any member of the indeterminate
Truss.

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

The basic method for the analysis of indeterminate truss by force
method is similar to the indeterminate beam analysis discussed in the
previous lessons. Determine the degree of static indeterminacy of the
structure. Identify the number of redundant reactions equal to the
degree of indeterminacy. The redundants must be so selected that
when the restraint corresponding to the redundants are removed, the
resulting truss is statically determinate and stable. In case of E.I
select support reactions as redundant actions in case of I.I selection
member forces as redundant actions. E.I + I.I ⇒ select redundants
from both support reactions & member forces.

2
 01/04/2018

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

 Prerequisites for Analysis with Flexibility method:

It is necessary that students must have strong background of
the following concepts before starting analysis with flexibility
or any other matrix method.
• Enough concept of Matrix Algebra
• Must be able to find the Statical Indeterminacy of trusses
• Concept of methods for finding displacements (Unit load method for
displacement)
• Must be able to analyze a determinate truss

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

 Indeterminacy of Trusses:
The truss is said to be statically indeterminate when the total
number of reactions and member axial forces exceed the total
number of static equilibrium equations.

S. I = + −2

where m, j and r are number of members, joints and unknown reaction

components respectively.

3
 01/04/2018

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

• Types of Indeterminate trusses:
There are three different types of S.I trusses.
• Internally indeterminate trusses only ( I.I = m + 3 - 2j)
• Externally indeterminate trusses only ( E.I = r – 3)
• Internally & externally indeterminate trusses ( T.I= m + r - 2j )

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

• Internally indeterminate trusses:
A truss is said to be internally indeterminate if it has exactly three
reaction components and more than (2j-3) members.

I. I = +3 −2

• Externally indeterminate trusses:

A planar truss is said to be externally indeterminate if the number of
reactions exceeds the number of static equilibrium equations available.
E. I = − 3

4
 01/04/2018

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

• Internally & externally indeterminate trusses:
A truss is both externally and internally indeterminate if
it has more than three reaction components and also has more than
(2j-3) members.

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

• Example
E F

m = 10 , r = 4 , j = 6

A D

B C

I. I = +3 −2 = 1∘
E. I = − 3 = 1 ∘
T. I = + −2 =2∘

To analyze this truss we have to chose two redundant actions

One member force & one support reaction.

5
 01/04/2018

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

 Unit Load Method for Displacement

• This Method is based on the principle of virtual work.

• Best suitable to find the slope & deflection of primary structure
when subjected to external loads and unit loads.
• Displacement due to actual loads at any point is given by

∆ = ∑

Note: When axial forces are predominant then use axial rigidity EA instead of EI

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

• Displacement at any point due to a unit load at that point or
any other point is given by (also called flexibility coefficient)

= =

• Where P are the values of member forces in primary structure

subjected to actual loads & U are the values of member forces
in BDS subjected to unit loads.

6
 01/04/2018

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

 Analysis Procedure
The following steps should be followed to analyze a statical
indeterminate Truss using flexibility method.
1st find the degree of statical indeterminacy S.I (E.I & I.I).

• Step # 01: Identify redundants accordingly and obtain BDS

Compute [DRS] values.
Assume # of redundants = 2
No. of redundants = D.S.I Just to understand the procedure

Note: when a truss is both externally & internally indeterminate then choose redundant
actions from both member forces & support reactions.
DRS is initial support rotation or settlement corresponding to redundant locations

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

• Step # 02: Analyze the BDS (primary structure) under the
following loading conditions
i. Analyze the BDS when acted upon by the actual loads and
compute the values of member forces Pi.
ii. Analyze the BDS when acted upon by the unit load at redundant
location 1 & compute the values of member forces U1i.
iii. Analyze the BDS when acted upon by the unit load at redundant
location 2 & compute the values of member forces U2i.
iv. And so on if redundants are more than 2.

7
 01/04/2018

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

• Step # 03: Develop members forces table. Member forces table
will consist of following information's for making the calculation
work easy.
Members Axial Length Forces in the Forces in the Forces in the
rigidity released truss released truss released truss
EA due to actual due to unit load due to unit load
applied loading at redundant 1 at redundant 2
(Pi values) (U1i values) (U2i values)

AB (EA)AB LAB PAB (U1)AB (U2)AB

BC (EA)BC LBC PBC (U1)BC (U2)BC
And so on (EA)m Lm Pm (U1)m (U2)m
up to m
members

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

• Step # 04: Find BDS Displacements due to external loads
or Compute the values of DRL

8
 01/04/2018

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

• Step # 05: Find BDS Displacements due to unit loads
or Compute the values of flexibility coefficients
& flexibility matrix.

1 2
12 = 21 =

1 1 2 2
11 = 22 =

11 12 Note: f12 = f21

=
21 22

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

Step # 06: Apply compatibility and principle of superposition at
the location of the removed redundants and solve the
matrices to compute the values of redundant actions
AR. As we know

From this
= + •

= 1 • −

1 11 12 1− 1
=
2 21 22 2− 2

9
 01/04/2018

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

Step # 07: Compute the member end actions

= +

Note: Sign convention

Tension in member will be taken as +ive ( away from the joints)
Compression in member will be taken as –ive ( towards the joints)

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

Problem 01: Analyze the given truss using flexibility method.
20k

D
10k
C

Take EA = constant
15 ft
External indeterminacy = r – 3
E.I = 4 – 3 = 1∘
I.I = 6 + 3 – 2(4) = 1∘
T.I = 2 degrees A B

20 ft

S.I = 2 degrees
So two redundant actions should be chosen.

10
 01/04/2018

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

• Step # 01: Identify the redundants and obtain BDS also compute
[DRS] values.

C AR1
D 1 ?
= =
AR2 2 ?
15 ft
1 0
= =
2 0
θ
A B 15
tan = 36.86°
20 ft 20
sin = 0.6
cos = 0.8

Horizontal reaction at D and member force in member AD are chosen as redundant actions

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

C D

15 ft

θ
A B
20 ft

Basic determinate structure (BDS) or Primary structure or Released structure

11
 01/04/2018

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

• Step # 02: Analyze the BDS (primary structure) under the
following loading conditions
i. Analyze the BDS when acted upon by the actual loads and
compute the values of member forces Pi.
ii. Analyze the BDS when acted upon by the unit load at redundant
location 1 & compute the values of member forces U1i.
iii. Analyze the BDS when acted upon by the unit load at redundant
location 2 & compute the values of member forces U2i.

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

i. BDS acted upon by the actual loads

20k
=0
10k
10 ∗ 15 − ∗ 20 = 0
C D
= 7.5

15 ft
=0
= 20 − 7.5

HA =10k A θ = 12.5
B
Now
20 ft

=0
VA = 12.5k VB = 7.5 k = 10

12
 01/04/2018

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

Now find all the member forces using method of joints.

Joint A: Joint B: Joint D:

FBD FDC
FAC FBC D

10k B
A FAB= 10k FBD=0k
FAB

7.5k =0
12.5k
∑ =0
∑ =0 ⇒ = −12.5 ⇒ =0
cos 36.86 = −10
∑ =0 ⇒ = 10 = −12.5
∑ =0

=− sin 36.86 − 7.5

=0

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

20k

10k 0

C D
12.5k
12.5k 0 15 ft

HA =10k A θ 10k B

20 ft

VA = 12.5k VB = 7.5 k

Pi -Values

13
 01/04/2018

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

ii. BDS acted upon by the Unit load at redundant location 1.

AR1= 1k =0
C D 1 ∗ 15 = ∗ 20
= 0.75

15 ft
=0

θ = −0.75
HA =1k A B
20 ft Now

=0
VA = 0.75k VB = 0.75 k =1

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

Now find all the member forces using method of joints.

Joint A: Joint B: Joint D:

FBD FDC 1k
FAC FBC D

1k B
A FAB= 1k FBD=0k
FAB

7.5k =0
0.75k
∑ =0
∑ =0 ⇒ = 0.75 ⇒ =1
cos 36.86 = −1
∑ =0 ⇒ =1 = −1.25
∑ =0

=− sin 36.86 − 0.75

=0

14
 01/04/2018

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

1k 1k
C D
1.25k
0.75k 0 15 ft

HA =1k A θ 1k B

20 ft

VA = 0.75k VB = 0.75 k

U1i - Values

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

iii. BDS acted upon by the Unit load at redundant location 2.

C D

15 ft

A θ
B
20 ft

15
 01/04/2018

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

Now find all the member forces using method of joints.
Joint D: Joint C: Joint B:
FDC FCD= - 0.8
D C FBC = 1k FBD= -0.6 k

1k
FCB B
FBD FCA FAB

VB
=0 =0
∑ =0
⇒ = −1 cos 36.86 ⇒ =− / cos 36.86
= −1 cos 36.86
⇒ = −0.8 ⇒ = 1.0
= −0.8
=0 =0 ∑ =0
⇒ = −1 sin 36.86 ⇒ =− sin 36.86 − 0.6 + 0.6 = 0
= −0.6 = −0.6 =0

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

0.8k

C D
1.0k

0.6k 1.0k 0.6k 15 ft

1.0k

A θ 0.8k B

20 ft

U2i - Values

16
 01/04/2018

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

• Step # 03: Develop Member forces table.

Member AE Length, Pi values U1i Values U2i values

Li (ft)
AB 20 10 1 -0.8

BC 25 -12.5 -1.25 1

CD 20 0 1 -0.8
Constant
AD 25 0 0 1

AC 15 -12.5 0.75 -0.6

BD 15 0 0 -0.6

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

• Step # 04: Find BDS Displacements due to external loads
or Compute the values of DRL matrix.

1 20 ∗ 10 ∗ 1 + 25 ∗ −12.5 ∗ −1.25 + 0
1 = + 0 + 15 ∗ −12.5 ∗ 0.75 + 0

450
1=

17
 01/04/2018

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

1 20 ∗ 10 ∗ −0.8 + 25 ∗ −12.5 ∗ 1 + 0
2 = + 0 + 15 ∗ 0.75 ∗ 0.75 + 0

−360
2 =

450 −360
1 = 2 =

1 450
= =
2 −360

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

• Step # 05: Find BDS Displacements due to unit loads
or Compute the values of flexibility coefficients
& flexibility matrix.

1 1
11 =

1 20 ∗ 1 ∗ 1 + 25 ∗ −1.25 ∗ −1.25 + (20 ∗ 1 ∗ 1)

11 = + 0 + 15 ∗ −12.5 ∗ −0.6 + 0

87.5
11 =

18
 01/04/2018

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

1 2
12 = 21 =

1 20 ∗ 1 ∗ −0.8 + 25 ∗ −1.25 ∗ 1 + (20 ∗ 1 ∗ −0.8)

12 = 21 =
+ 0 + 15 ∗ 0.75 ∗ −0.6 + 0
−70
12 = 21 =

2 2
22 =

1 20 ∗ −0.8 ∗ −0.8 + 25 ∗ 1 ∗ 1 + (20 ∗ −0.8 ∗ −0.8)

22 = + 25 ∗ 1 ∗ 1 + 15 ∗ −0.6 ∗ −0.6 + (15 ∗ −0.6 ∗ −0.6)
86.40
22 =

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

87.5 86.40
11 = 22 =

−70
12 = 21 =

11 12
=
21 22

87.5 −70
=
−70 86.40

19
 01/04/2018

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

Step # 06: Apply compatibility and principle of superposition at
the location of the removed redundants and solve the
matrices to compute the values of redundant actions
AR. As we know

From this
= + •

= 1 • −

1 11 12 1 − 1
=
2 21 22 2− 2

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

1 11 12 1− 1
=
2 21 22 2− 2

1 87.5 −70 0 − (450) 1

= ×
2 −70 86.40 0 − (−360)

1 −5.14 -ive sign shows that our assumed

= redundant action direction is wrong
2 0

20
 01/04/2018

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

C 5.14k
D
0k
15 ft

θ
A B
20 ft

Final determinate structure

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

Step # 07: Compute the member end actions. As we know that

= +

AM3 D
C
1 ?
AM2 2 ?
AM5 AM6 3 ?
AM4 15 ft =
4 ?
5 ?
AM1 ?
A B 6

20 ft

21
 01/04/2018

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

a) Compute AML values.
20k
0 AML3 D
10k
C
C D
12.5k AML2
12.5k 0 AML5 AML6
AML4

A θ 10k AML1
B
A B
HA =10k
20 ft
1 10
2 −12.5
VA = 12.5k VB = 7.5 k
3 0
=
4 0
5 −12.5
6 0

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

b) Compute the AMR values: when unit is applied at redundant location 1.

AMR31 D 1k 1k
C
C D
AMR21 1.25k

AMR51 AMR61 0.75k 0

AMR41

AMR11 B A θ 1k B
A
HA =1k

VA = 0.75k VB = 0.75 k

22
 01/04/2018

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

b) Compute the AMR values: when unit is applied at redundant location 2.

AMR32 D 0.8k
C
C D
AMR22 1.0k

AMR52 AMR42 AMR62 0.6k 1.0k 0.6k

1.0k

AMR12 B A θ 0.8k
A B
HA =0k

VA = 0k VB = 0 k

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

11 12 1 −0.8
21 22 −1.25 1
31 32 1 −0.8
6∗2 = =
41 42 0 1
51 52 0.75 −0.6
61 62 1 −0.6
Now member end actions will be computed as given below

1 1 11 12
2 2 21 22
3 = 3 + 31 32 1
4 4 41 42 2
5 5 51 52
6 6 61 62

23
 01/04/2018

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

1 10 1 −0.8 4.86
2 −12.5 −1.25 1 −6.08
3 0 1 −0.8 −5.14 −5.14
= + =
4 0 0 1 0 0
5 −12.5 0.75 −0.6 −16.36
6 0 1 −0.6 0
AM3 D 5.14k
C
C D
AM2 6.08k

AM5 AM6 -16.36k 0

AM4
0

AM1 A θ 4.86k B
A B

Truss with all member forces are known

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

To find the support reaction simply apply equilibrium equations and we will get

20k

10k 5.14k D
5.14k
C
6.08k
-16.36k 0 15 ft
0

A θ 4.86k B
HA =4.86k
20 ft

VA = 16.36k VB = 3.67 k

Completely analyzed structure

24
 01/04/2018

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

Problem 02: Analyze the given truss using flexibility method.

20k 20k Take EI = constant

F E

30 ft

A D

B C
40 ft 40 ft 40 ft

E.I = 5 – 3 = 2∘
I.I = 9 + 3 – 2(6) = 0∘ S.I = 2 degrees
T.I = 2 degrees So two redundant actions should be chosen.

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

• Step # 01: Identify the redundants and obtain BDS also compute
[DRS] values.

20k 20k
F E 1 ?
= =
↶

θ
2 ?
30 ft
1 0
= =
A θ
θ θ D 2 0
40 ft B 40 ft C 40 ft 30
tan = 36.86°
40
AR1 AR2 sin = 0.6
cos = 0.8

Vertical reaction at B & C are chosen as redundant actions

25
 01/04/2018

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

F E

30 ft

A D

B 40 ft C 40 ft
40 ft

Basic determinate structure (BDS) or Primary structure or Released structure

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

• Step # 02: Analyze the BDS (primary structure) under the
following loading conditions
i. Analyze the BDS when acted upon by the actual loads and
compute the values of member forces Pi.
ii. Analyze the BDS when acted upon by the unit load at redundant
location 1 & compute the values of member forces U1i.
iii. Analyze the BDS when acted upon by the unit load at redundant
location 2 & compute the values of member forces U2i.

26
 01/04/2018

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

i. BDS acted upon by the actual loads
20k 20k

F E

↶
θ

30 ft
A
θ
θ θ D

HA =0k 40 ft B 40 ft C 40 ft

VA = 20 k VD = 20 k

=0 =0 =0
20 ∗ 40 + 20 ∗ 80 − ∗ 120 = 0 = 40 − 20 =0
= 20
= 20

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

Now find all the member forces using method of joints & we will get

20k 20k
F 26.67k E

0 0

A D
26.67k 26.67k 26.67k
B C

VA = 20 k VD = 20 k
Pi -Values

Class Activity: Verify the member forces using method of joints

27
 01/04/2018

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

ii. BDS acted upon by the Unit load at redundant location 1.

F E

30 ft

A D

40 ft B 40 ft C 40 ft
AR1= 1k

VA = 0.67 k VD = 0.33 k

=0 =0 =0
1 ∗ 20 = ∗ 120 = 0.67 =0
= 0.33

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

Now find all the member forces using method of joints & we will get

F 0.44k E

1k 0.33

A 0.89k D
0.89k 0.44k
B C
1k

VA = 0.67 k VD = 0.33 k
U1i - Values

Class Activity: Verify the member forces using method of joints

28
 01/04/2018

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

iii. BDS acted upon by the Unit load at redundant location 2.

F E

30 ft

A D

40 ft B 40 ft C 40 ft
AR2= 1k

VA = 0.33 k VD = 0.67 k

=0 =0 =0
1 ∗ 40 = ∗ 120 = 0.33 =0
= 0.67

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

Now find all the member forces using method of joints & we will get

F 0.89k E

0k 0.67k

A D
0.44k 0.44k 0.89k
B C

1k

VA = 0.33 k VD = 0.67 k
U2i - Values

Class Activity: Verify the member forces using method of joints

29
 01/04/2018

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

• Step # 03: Develop Member forces table.

Member AE Length, Pi values U1i Values U2i values

Li (ft)
AB 40 26.67 0.89 0.44
BC 40 26.67 0.89 0.44
CD 40 26.67 0.44 0.89
DE Constant 50 -33.33 -0.55 -1.11
EF 40 -26.67 -0.44 -0.89
AF 50 -33.33 -1.11 -0.55
BF 30 0 1 0
CF 50 0 -0.55 0.55
CE 30 0 0.33 0.67

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

• Step # 04: Find BDS Displacements due to external loads
or Compute the values of DRL matrix.

40 ∗ 26.67 ∗ 0.89 + 40 ∗ 26.67 ∗ 0.89 + (40 ∗ 26.67 ∗ 0.44)

1
1 = + (50 ∗ −33.33 ∗ −0.55) + 40 ∗ −26.67 ∗ −0.44
+ 50 ∗ −33.33 ∗ −1.11 + 0 + 0 + 0

5622.3
1 =

30
 01/04/2018

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

40 ∗ 26.67 ∗ 0.44 + 40 ∗ 26.67 ∗ 0.44 + (40 ∗ 26.67 ∗ 0.89)

1
1 = + (50 ∗ −33.33 ∗ −1.11) + 40 ∗ −26.67 ∗ −0.89
+ 50 ∗ −33.33 ∗ −0.55 + 0 + 0 + 0

5622.3
2 =

5622.3 5622.3
1 = 2 =

1 5622.3
= =
2 5622.3

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

• Step # 05: Find BDS Displacements due to unit loads
or Compute the values of flexibility coefficients
& flexibility matrix.

1 1
11 =

40 ∗ 0.89 ∗ 0.89 + 40 ∗ 0.89 ∗ 0.89 + (40 ∗ 0.44 ∗ 0.44)

1 + (50 ∗ −0.55 ∗ −0.55) + 40 ∗ −0.44 ∗ −0.44
11 = + 50 ∗ −1.11 ∗ −1.11 + (50 ∗ −1.11 ∗ −1.11)
+(50 ∗ −0.55 ∗ −0.55) + (30 ∗ 0.33 ∗ 0.33)

205.2
11 =

31
 01/04/2018

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

1 2
12 = 21 =

40 ∗ 0.89 ∗ 0.44 + 40 ∗ 0.89 ∗ 0.44 + (40 ∗ 0.44 ∗ 0.89)

1 + (50 ∗ −0.55 ∗ −1.11) + 40 ∗ −0.44 ∗ −0.89
12 = 21 =
+ 50 ∗ −1.11 ∗ −0.55 + 0 + (50 ∗ −0.55 ∗ 0.55)
+(30 ∗ 0.33 ∗ 0.67)

115.8
12 = 21 =

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

2 2
22 =

40 ∗ 0.44 ∗ 0.44 + 40 ∗ 0.44 ∗ 0.44 + (40 ∗ 0.89 ∗ 0.89)

1 + (50 ∗ −1.11 ∗ −1.11) + 40 ∗ −0.89 ∗ −0.89
22 =
+ 50 ∗ −0.55 ∗ −0.55 + 0 + (50 ∗ 0.55 ∗ 0.55)
+(30 ∗ 0.67 ∗ 0.67)

185.39
22 =

11 12 205.2 115.8
= ⇒ =
21 22 115.8 185.39

32
 01/04/2018

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

Step # 06: Apply compatibility and principle of superposition at
the location of the removed redundants and solve the
matrices to compute the values of redundant actions
AR. As we know

From this
= + •

= 1 • −

1 11 12 1 − 1
=
2 21 22 2− 2

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

1 11 12 1 − 1
=
2 21 22 2− 2

1 205.2 115.8 0 − (5622.3) 1

= ×
2 115.8 185.39 0 − (5622.3)

1 −15.88 -ive sign shows that our assumed

= redundant action direction is wrong
2 −20.41

33
 01/04/2018

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

20k 20k

F E

↶
θ

30 ft

A θ
θ θ D

40 ft B 40 ft C 40 ft

15.88k 20.41k

Final determinate structure

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

Step # 07: Compute the member end actions. As we know that

= +
1 ?
2 ?
3 ?
=
⋮ ⋮
F AM9 E
8 ?
9 ?
30 ft AM8 AM4
AM7 AM6 AM5

A AM2 AM3 D
AM1
B C
40 ft 40 ft 40 ft

34
 01/04/2018

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

a) Compute AML values.
F AML9 E

AML8 AML7 AML6 AML5 AML4

A AML2 AML3 D
AML1
B C
20k 20k
F 26.67k E

0 0

A D
26.67k 26.67k 26.67k
B C

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

So AML values from the previous slide is

1 26.67
2 26.67
3 26.67
4 −33.33
5 = 0
6 0
7 0
8 −33.33
9 −26.67

35
 01/04/2018

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

b) Compute the AMR values: when unit is applied at redundant location 1.
F AMR91 E

AMR81 AMR71 AMR61 AMR51 AMR41

A AMR21 AMR31 D
AMR11
B C
F 0.44k E

1k 0.33

A 0.89k D
0.89k 0.44k
B C
1k

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

b) Compute the AMR values: when unit is applied at redundant location 2.
F AMR92 E

AMR82 AMR72 AMR62 AMR52 AMR42

A AMR22 AMR32 D
AMR12
B C

F 0.89k E

0k 0.67k

A D
0.44k 0.44k 0.89k
B C
1k

36
 01/04/2018

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

So AMR matrix

11 12 0.89 0.44
21 22 0.89 0.44
31 32 0.44 0.89
41 42 −0.55 −1.11
9∗2 = 51 52 = 0.33 0.67
61 62 −0.55 0.55
71 72 1 0
81 82 −1.11 −0.55
91 92 −0.44 −0.89

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

Now member end actions

1 26.67 0.89 0.44 3.50

2 26.67 0.89 0.44 3.50
3 26.67 0.44 0.89 1.45
4 −33.33 −0.55 −1.11 −1.81
−15.14
5 = 0 + 0.33 0.67 = −18.41
−20.41
6 0 −0.55 0.55 −2.50
7 0 1 0 −15.88
8 −33.33 −1.11 −0.55 −4.37
9 −26.67 −0.44 −0.89 −1.45

37
 01/04/2018

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

To find the support reaction simply apply equilibrium equations and we will get

20k 20k
F 1.45k E

15.88k 18.41k 30 ft

A D
3.50k 3.50k 1.45k
B C

2.61k 15.88k 20.41k 1.10k

40 ft 40 ft 40 ft

Completely analyzed structure

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

Problem 03: Analyze the given truss using flexibility method.

20k Take EI = constant

D E
10k

15 ft

C
A B
20 ft 20 ft

E.I = 4 – 3 = 1∘
I.I = 8 + 3 – 2(5) = 1∘ S.I = 2 degrees
T.I = 2 degrees So two redundant actions should be chosen.

38
 01/04/2018

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

• Step # 01: Identify the redundants and obtain BDS also compute
[DRS] values.

D E 1 ?
= =
2 ?
AR1
1 0
= =
2 0
C
15
A AR2 tan = 36.86°
B 20
sin = 0.6
cos = 0.8

Horizontal reaction at C & member force in member AE are chosen as redundant actions

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

D E

C
A
B

Basic determinate structure (BDS) or Primary structure or Released structure

39
 01/04/2018

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

• Step # 02: Analyze the BDS (primary structure) under the
following loading conditions
i. Analyze the BDS when acted upon by the actual loads and
compute the values of member forces Pi.
ii. Analyze the BDS when acted upon by the unit load at redundant
location 1 & compute the values of member forces U1i.
iii. Analyze the BDS when acted upon by the unit load at redundant
location 2 & compute the values of member forces U2i.

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

i. BDS acted upon by the external loads
20k

10k D E

15 ft

C
A
HA = 10k
20 ft B 20 ft

VA = 6.25 k VD = 13.75 k

=0 =0 =0

20 ∗ 20 + 10 ∗ 15 − ∗ 40 = 0 = 20 − 13.75 = 10
= 13.75
= 6.25

40
 01/04/2018

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

Now find all the member forces using method of joints & we will get

20k

10k D 18.34k E

15 ft 6.25k 6.25k

C
A 10k 18.34k
HA = 10k
20 ft B 20 ft

VA = 6.25 k VC = 13.75 k

Pi -Values

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

ii. BDS acted upon by the Unit load at redundant location 1.(U1i values)
D E

C
A
B
0.8k
D E

15 ft 0.6k 0.6k

C
HA =0 k A 0.8k 0k

20 ft B 20 ft
VA = 0 k VC = 0 k

41
 01/04/2018

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

iii. BDS acted upon by the Unit load at redundant location 2.(U2i values)
D E

C
A 1k
B

D 0k E

15 ft 0k 0k

C
A 1k 1k 1k
HA = 1k
20 ft B 20 ft

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

• Step # 03: Develop Member forces table.

Member AE Length, Pi values U1i Values U2i values

Li (ft)
AB 20 10 -0.8 1
BC 20 18.34 0 1
CD 25 -22.92 0 0
DE Constant 20 -18.34 -0.8 0
AD 15 -6.25 -0.6 0
BD 25 10.42 1 0
AE 25 0 1 0
BE 15 -6.25 -0.6 0

42
 01/04/2018

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

• Step # 04: Find BDS Displacements due to external loads
or Compute the values of DRL matrix.

20 ∗ 10 ∗ −0.8 + 0 + 0 + (20 ∗ −18.34 ∗ −0.8)

1
1 = + (15 ∗ −6.25 ∗ −0.6) + 25 ∗ 10.42 ∗ 1
+ 0 + 15 ∗ −6.25 ∗ −0.6

506.44
1 =

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

1 20 ∗ 10 ∗ 1 + 20 ∗ −18.34 ∗ 1
1 = +0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0

566.8
2 =

506.44 566.8
1 = 2 =

1 506.44
= =
2 566.8

43
 01/04/2018

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

• Step # 05: Find BDS Displacements due to unit loads
or Compute the values of flexibility coefficients
& flexibility matrix.

1 1
11 =

20 ∗ −0.8 ∗ −0.8 + 0 + 0 + (20 ∗ −0.8 ∗ −0.8)

1
11 = + (15 ∗ −0.6 ∗ −0.6) + 25 ∗ 1 ∗ 1
+ (25 ∗ 1 ∗ 1) + 15 ∗ −0.6 ∗ −0.6

86.4
11 =

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

1 2
12 = 21 =

1
12 = 20 ∗ −0.8 ∗ 1 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0
−16
12 = 21 =

2 2
22 =

1
22 = 20 ∗ 1 ∗ 1 + (20 ∗ 1 ∗ 1) + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0
40
22 =

11 12 86.4 −16
= ⇒ =
21 22 −16 40

44
 01/04/2018

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

Step # 06: Apply compatibility and principle of superposition at
the location of the removed redundants and solve the
matrices to compute the values of redundant actions
AR. As we know

From this
= + •

= 1 • −

1 11 12 1 − 1
=
2 21 22 2− 2

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

1 11 12 1− 1
=
2 21 22 2− 2

1 86.4 −16 0 − (506.44) 1

= ×
2 −16 40 0 − (566.8)

1 −9.16 -ive sign shows that our assumed

= redundant action direction is wrong
2 −17.84

45
 01/04/2018

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

D E

9.16k

C
A 17.84k
B

Final determinate structure

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

Step # 07: Compute the member end actions. As we know that

= +

D AM4 E

AM7
AM5 AM6 15 ft
AM8

C
AM1 AM2
A B
20 ft 20 ft 1 ?
2 ?
3 = ?
⋮ ⋮
8 ?

46
 01/04/2018

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

a) Compute AML values.
D AML4 E

AML7
AML5 AML6
AML8

C
AML1 AML2
A 1 10
20k B
2 18.34
10k D 18.34k E
3 −22.92
4 −18.34
=
5 −6.25
15 ft 6.25k 6.25k
6 10.42
C 7 0
HA = 10k A 10k 18.34k
8 −6.25
20 ft B 20 ft
VA = 6.25 k VC = 13.75 k

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

b) Compute the AMR values: when unit is applied at redundant location 1.
D AMR41 E

AMR71
AMR51 AMR61
AMR81

C
AMR11 AMR21
A B
0.8k
D E

0.6k 0.6k

C
A 0.8k 0k
B

47
 01/04/2018

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

b) Compute the AMR values: when unit is applied at redundant location 2.
D AMR42 E

AMR72
AMR52 AMR62
AMR82

C
AMR12 AMR22
A B
D 0k E

0k 0k

C
A 1k 1k 1k
HA = 1k
B

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

So AMR matrix

11 12 −0.8 1
21 22 0 1
31 32 0 0
41 42 −0.8 0
9∗2 = =
51 52 −0.6 0
61 62 1 0
71 72 1 0
81 82 −0.6 0

48
 01/04/2018

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

Now member end actions

1 10 −0.8 1 −0.512
2 18.34 0 1 0.5
3 −22.92 0 0 −22.92
4 −18.34 −0.8 0 −9.16 −11.01
= + =
5 −6.25 −0.6 0 −17.84 −0.75
6 10.42 1 0 1.26
7 0 1 0 −9.16
8 −6.25 −0.6 0 −0.75

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

To find the support reaction simply apply equilibrium equations and we will get

20k

10k D 11.01k E

15 ft 0.75k 0.75k

C HC = 17.84 k
A 0.512k 0.5k
B
HA = 7.84 k

VA = 6.25 k VC = 13.75 k
20 ft 20 ft

Completely analyzed structure

49
 01/04/2018

Flexibility Method for Trusses Analysis

Assignment # 03(a)

Problem 01: Analyze the given truss using flexibility method ,The cross sectional areas of the
members in square centimeters are shown in parenthesis. Assume E = 2 * 105 N/mm2

References

• Structural Analysis by R. C. Hibbeler

• Matrix structural analysis by William Mc Guire

• Matrix analysis of frame structures by William Weaver

• Online Civil Engineering blogs

50