1

Problems 22-24 are based on following query:

22.Ans: I would consider creating an index on V_STATE and another on V_AREACODE. It is

widely used for filtering or joining, and an index on this column can improve query performance.

The previously mentioned question concerns the qualities in its restrictive models. Additionally,

equity correlations are used in the contingent standard.

23.Ans: The following orders are intended to produce the files I proposed in issue 22:

CREATE INDEX VEND_NDX1 ON VENDOR(V_STATE);

CREATE INDEX VEND_NDX2 ON VENDOR(V_AREACODE);

24.Ans: The following orders were utilized to generate insights for the Item and Merchant tables:

ANALYZE TABLE PRODUCT COMPUTE STATISTICS;

ANALYZE TABLE VENDOR COMPUTER STATISTICS;

Answer to the Question no. 2

A backup of data is a copy of it. This copy may include the control file, data files, and other

important database components. A backup safeguards against unplanned data loss and application

failures. If you lose the original data, you can restore it using a backup. To restore from a physical

backup, a data file or control file must be rebuilt and made available to the Oracle database server.

Redo logs, or records of database changes made after the backup was taken, must be applied to

both online and archived redo logs in order to update a recovered data file and permit recovery.

Data files from incremental backups, which are copies of a data file that only contain the modified

blocks since the last incremental backup, can also be recovered using RMAN.

Businesses devote a great amount of time and effort to developing their own data and

information. This type of knowledge is frequently the key to establishing a competitive advantage

in the marketplace. Data loss caused by threats or disasters can lead to dissatisfied consumers, lost

sales, and even insolvency. For example, more than 90% of businesses that experience a major

crisis without a disaster recovery strategy collapse within a year. Backup software provides a

variety of advantages that might help you save time and remain competitive in the event of a data

loss or other issue when backing up your data. The backup's purpose is to create a copy of the data

that can be retrieved if the primary data is lost. Primary data failures can be caused by hardware,

software, data corruption, human error, hostile attack (virus or malware), incorrect data deletion,

or any other human-generated event. Backup copies of data can be used to restore data to a previous

point in time, allowing a company to recover from an unanticipated calamity. If the original data

is lost or damaged, it is critical to keep a copy of the data on a second medium. An external drive

or USB stick are examples of simple additional media, whereas a disk storage system, cloud

storage container, or tape drive are examples of more complex additional media. The alternative
 3

medium could be further away or closer to the primary data. The possibility of weather-related

incidents may justify having multiple copies of the data in separate places.

Both large and tiny enterprises generate and manage massive volumes of electronic data or

information. Several of those facts are critical. The survival and continuation of the firm are

dependent on a specific amount of information. Data loss or corruption caused by a virus, hacking,

human error, or technological failure could have a substantial impact. A business continuity plan

(BCP) and an IT disaster recovery plan (IT DRP) should be prepared in tandem. Priorities for

information technology and recovery time goals should be set during the business impact research.

Technology recovery solutions should be designed in order to restore hardware, software, and data

in time to fulfill business recovery requirements. To preserve electronic data, data backup and

restore must be used.

In the event that one or more of the following system components are lost, recovery plans should

be developed:

a) Computer room environment: an air-conditioned, secure computer room with a backup

power source.

b) LANs, servers, laptops, desktops, wireless devices, and peripherals are examples of

hardware.

c) Connection to a service provider.

d) Office productivity software, company resource management software, electronic data

transfer software, and so on.

e) Data backup and recovery.

The value of data backups cannot be overstated. Long-term unavailability could lead to consumer

dissatisfaction, migration to other service providers, a drop in sales, and, in the worst-case scenario,
 4

bankruptcy. The loss or theft of competitive data has the potential to eliminate a company's

competitive advantage.

Reference

1. What Is Backup and Recovery? - Why It's Important | NetApp. Netapp.com. (2022).

Retrieved 5 October 2022, from

https://www.netapp.com/cyber-resilience/data-protection/data-backup-recovery/what-is-

backup-

recovery/#:~:text=The%20purpose%20of%20the%20backup,or%20accidental%20deletio

n%20of%20data.

2. (2022). Retrieved 5 October 2022, from

https://www.peerspot.com/articles/6-advantages-of-data-backup-and-recovery.

3. Advantages of data backup and recovery. Blog.superfast-it.com. (2022). Retrieved 5

October 2022, from

https://blog.superfast-it.com/advantages-of-data-backup-and-recovery.