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Row Equivalence

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Majid Khan
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32 views6 pages

Row Equivalence

Uploaded by

Majid Khan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ELEMENTARY ROW

OPERATIONS
Definition: An elementary row operation on a matrix A is any one of the
following operations:
(a) Row switching
Interchange of any two rows of A.

(b) Row multiplication


Multiplication of a row of A by any nonzero scalar.

(c) Row addition


Addition of any multiple of row to another row of A.

Row Operation on I that produces E Row operation on E that reproduces I

Interchange rows i and j Interchange rows i and j


Multiply row i by non-zero scalar c≠0 Multiply row i by non-zero scalar 1/c
Add c times row i to row j Add –c times row i to row j
Example: Row Operations and Inverse Row Operations
The 2×2 identity matrix to obtain an elementary matric E, then E is restored to identity matrix
by apply inverse row operation
1 0 0 1 1 0
0 1 Interchange the first 1 0 Interchange the second 0 1
row with second row row with first row
1 0 1 0 1 0
0 1 Multiply the second 0 4 Multiply the second row by 0 1
row by 4 1/4

1 0 1 6 1 0
0 1 Add 6 times the second 0 1 Add -6 times the second 0 1
row to the first. row to the first.
Definition: An 𝑚 × 𝑛 matrix B is called row equivalent to 𝑚 × 𝑛 matrix A if B is
obtained from A by performing a finite sequence of elementary row operations on A.
we write 𝐵~𝐴 to denote B is row equivalent to A. The following notations are useful
in numerical problems:
i. 𝑅𝑖𝑗 denotes the interchange of ith and jth rows of a matrix A.
ii. 𝑘𝑅𝑖 denotes the multiplication of ith row of A by a nonzero scalar 𝑘.
iii. 𝑅𝑖 + 𝑘𝑅𝑗 denotes the addition of 𝑘 times the elements of jth rows in the corresponding elements of ith row.

𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
Example: Show that 𝐴 = is row equivalent to 𝐼2 .
−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
5 6 9
Example: Show that 2 3 1 ~𝐼3 .
8 4 7

Note: An n×n matrix A is invertible if and only if it is row equivalent to the n×n identity matrix.
More on Elementary Row Matrices and the Operations:

1 0 Multiply the second row of


I2 by 4
0 4

1 0 4 Add 4 times the third row of


0 1 0 I3 to the first row
0 0 1

0 0 1
Interchange the first and
0 1 0
third rows of I3
1 0 0

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