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IDMT Relay

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237 views34 pages

IDMT Relay

Details

Uploaded by

abulhosen6482
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PROTECTION

33 KV SIDE OF 4 MVA TRANSFORMER


Apparent Power, 𝑃 = √3𝑉𝐼 KVA
▪ 4 𝑋 1000000 = 3 𝑋 33000 𝑋 𝐼
▪ I = 69.98 A

11 KV SIDE OF 4 MVA TRANSFORMER


Apparent Power, 𝑃 = √3𝑉𝐼 KVA
▪ 4 𝑋 1000000 = 3 𝑋 11000 𝑋 𝐼
▪ I = 209.94 A
11 KV SIDE OF 2000 KVA TRANSFORMER
Apparent Power, 𝑃 = √3𝑉𝐼 KVA
▪ 2000 𝑋 1000 = 3 𝑋 11000 𝑋 𝐼
▪ I = 104.98 A
0.4 KV SIDE OF 2000 KVA TRANSFORMER
Apparent Power, 𝑃 = √3𝑉𝐼 KVA
▪ 2000 𝑋 1000 = 3 𝑋 400 𝑋 𝐼
▪ I = 2886 A

TOTAL MAXIMUM LOAD OF A 2000 KVA TRANSFORMER


Active Power, 𝑃 = √3𝑉𝐼𝑐𝑜𝑠ɸ
▪ 𝑃 = 2000 𝑋 𝑂. 8
▪ P= 1600 KW
TOTAL MAXIMUM LOAD OF A 200 kw TRANSFORMER
Active Power, 𝑃 = √3𝑉𝐼𝑐𝑜𝑠ɸ
▪ 200 𝑋 1000 = 3 𝑋 400 𝑋 𝐼 𝑋 0.8
▪ I= 360 A
Why Transformers Need Protection

• Transformers Need Protection


Mainly Against the following Faults
▪ Phase Fault
▪ Earth Fault
▪ Transformer Internal Troubles
▪ 50-Gives Protection Against Phase fault at HV Side
▪ 50N-Gives Protection Against Earth Fault.
▪ 51N-Gives Back Up Protection against Phase Fault at LV Side
▪ 51NS-Stand By Earth Fault Protection at LV Side(IDMT)
▪ 87T-Gives Protection Against Internal Phase Fault
▪ 50G-Gives Protection Against more Sensitive Fault
51 & 51N

51 and 51N are both inverse time relay and used to detect
phase fault and earth fault respectively. There setting
methods are same but the only difference is that pick up
of 51 is higher than that of 51N.
50 & 50N
These can be used as definite time relay or instantaneous relay.

For relay 50 connected at H.V side of the transformer: For such connection the
pickup shall be more than the inrush current of the transformer. Otherwise the relay will
trip during transformer starting.

Inrush current is generally 10-15 times of transformer FLC.


IDMT RELAY SETTING
Relay Setting of IDMT and
Instantaneous over current and
earth fault Relay

Relay is a protecting device which detects any kind of


abnormal happenings(fault) in power system or in
power system elements (like transformer, generator
etc.) and sends a signal to circuit breaker to isolate
the fault or to the alarm circuit to raise an alarm.
RELAY IDENTIFICATION:

51- Over current IDMT relay


51N-IDMT earth fault relay
50-Over current definite time relay

50N-Definite time earth fault relay

49-Thermal overload relay

46-Negetive sequence relay

48-Motor starting supervision

66-Restart inhibit for motor

27-Under voltage relay

87-Differential relay

IDMT stands for Inverse Definite Minimum Time relay


51 & 51N

51 and 51N are both inverse time relay and used to detect
phase fault and earth fault respectively. There setting
methods are same but the only difference is that pick up
of 51 is higher than that of 51N.
a. PICK UP: this is the value of current through relay
for which the relay picks up.

b. PSM (Plug Setting Multiplier): this is the ratio of


fault current through relay coil and pick up current.

c. TSM (Time Setting Multiplier): it is the ratio of


required relay operating time and actual relay operating
time.
Pick Up Calculation:

The single diagram shows a very simple and typical line, through which 90A current is flowing, a
CT of rating 120/5A is connected via which the 51 and 51N relays are connected.
Let say, the relay 51 will pick up for 120% of full load current.

So current seen by the relay will be,

=120% X FLC X CT Sec. /CT primary

=1.2 X 90 X 5/120

=4.5 A

So pick up setting or pick-up current of the relay is 4.5 Amp.


Now remember one thing, that some relay manufacturers make their relay pick up range in
the following manner, say 0.5-10 X CT sec. That means the CT secondary will be multiplied
within the relay program. So here multiplication with CT secondary will not be applicable.

For this type of relay the pick-up will be

=1.2 X 90/120=0.9
Relay will display the following setting- 0.9 X CT sec (In) (In general In is referred as the
relay rated current, which is in general same as the CT secondary current. That is CT
secondary and Relay rated current shall be same. However there is exception for earth fault
relay, which is beyond scope of this article)

So, it is strictly required to read the relay catalogue and know the setting range.

.
Following the above mentioned process pick up of inverse time over current and earth fault relay is
calculated.

However for earth fault protection is better to select minimum available pick up to ensure maximum
sensitivity.
PSM calculation:

PSM=Fault current in relay coil/pick up current through the relay coil.

= (Fault Current X CT secondary/CT primary)/ Pick up current through the relay coil.

Suppose fault current is 1000A.

So, PSM will be

= ((1000X5)/120)/4.5

=41.66/4.5

=9.26
There are several types of IDMT relay characteristics available now,
according to the characteristics the relay operating time are the
determined. The formulas are as follows:
Ir the PSM value which has been calculated earlier.

Now,

Suppose we have to operate the relay at 0.75 sec (say).


So, TMS will be (for standard inverse curve)=
0.75X((9.260^0.02)-1)/0.14
=0.24
So settings are –
1. Pick up= 4.5 or 0.9 X In(it will be according to the relay)

2. TMS=0.24
50 & 50N
These can be used as definite time relay or instantaneous relay.

For relay 50 connected at H.V side of the transformer: For


such connection the pickup shall be more than the inrush
current of the transformer. Otherwise the relay will trip during
transformer starting.

Inrush current is generally 10-15 times of transformer FLC.


Say transformer H.T FLC is 90 A.
Then inrush will be 10x90=900 A. we set pick up of the relay as
910 A.
So setting is=910x5/120=37.9 A or (910/120) X In=7.58 X In as
per the available Relay functions.

Here also consider the relay catalogue as mentioned earlier.

If the 50 relay is connected with motor feeder for motor


protection then pickup will be higher than the starting current of
the motor.

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