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Study Guide - Measurement, Motion, Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration

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3 views

Study Guide - Measurement, Motion, Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration

Uploaded by

In Seong Park
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Study Guide: Measurement in science

Why is a standard measurement system important?

A standard measurement system is important because it allows scientists to compare data and
communicate with each other about their results.

Without a standardized system, scientists would struggle to replicate and verify each other's
findings due to varying units and interpretations.

The metric system is a measurement system based on the number 10.

What are some SI units of measure?

The International System of Units (SI) provides a standardized set of units for scientific
measurement.
Some common prefixes used in the SI:

Common SI Prefixes

Prefix Meaning

Kilo- (k) 1,000

hecto- (h) 100

Deka- (da) 10

No prefix 1

Deci- (d) 1/10 = 0.1

Centi- (c) 1/100 = 0.01

Milli- (m) 1/1000 = 0.001

Some common SI units include:


* Meter (m): Measures length, the distance between two points.
* Kilogram (kg): Measures mass, the amount of matter in an object.
* Cubic meter (m³): Measures volume, the amount of space an object occupies.
* Kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m³): Measures density, the mass per unit volume of a
substance.
* Kelvin (K): Measures temperature.
* Second (s): Measures time.

Study Guide: Motion, Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration

1. Describing Motion

Key Concepts:

● Motion: An object is in motion if its position changes relative to a reference point.


● Reference Point: A stationary object used to determine if another object is in motion.
Examples include trees or buildings.

Important Definitions:

● Relative Motion: The perceived motion of an object based on the reference point.

SI Units of Measurement:

● Distance: The length between two points, measured in meters (m).

Example:

If a car moves 600 meters, what is the distance in kilometers?

● Solution:
600 m ÷ 1000=0.6 km
2. Speed and Velocity
Key Concepts:
Graphing Motion:

● Distance vs. Time Graph: Shows how distance changes over time. The slope of the
line indicates speed.

Example of a Distance vs. Time Graph:


3. Acceleration
Key Concepts:

● Acceleration: The rate at which velocity changes over time.


● Acceleration refers to increasing speed, decreasing speed, or changing direction.
● Formula: Acceleration= Final Speed−Initial Speed

Time

Types of Acceleration:

● Positive Acceleration: When an object's speed increases.


● Negative Acceleration (Deceleration): When an object's speed decreases.

Graphing Acceleration:

● Speed vs. Time Graph: Shows how speed changes over time. A straight slanted line
indicates constant acceleration.
Examples of Speed/Velocity vs. Time Graph:
MOTION GRAPHS

1. Displacement vs. Time (d vs t) Graph:


○ A straight, sloped line shows constant velocity
(displacement is changing at a constant rate).
○ A curved line means changing velocity (acceleration).
○ A flat line shows no motion (displacement is constant).
2. Velocity vs. Time (v vs t) Graph:
○ A sloped line indicates acceleration (velocity is changing).
○ A flat line shows constant velocity (no acceleration).
○ A line crossing zero shows a change in direction.
3. Acceleration vs. Time (a vs t) Graph:
○ A flat line above zero shows constant acceleration.
○ A flat line at zero shows no acceleration (constant
velocity).
○ A flat line below zero indicates constant deceleration.
Slope is used to describe the steepness of a line. The definition of slope is the
rise of a line over the run of a line, or the change in the vertical direction (y) over
the change in the horizontal direction (x).

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