Geography of India: A Detailed Report

India, the seventh-largest country in the world, is geographically diverse, spanning from the
snow-capped Himalayas to the tropical rainforests of the south. Its unique geographical
features have significantly influenced its history, culture, and economy.

Location and Extent

 Latitude: 8°4' North to 37°6' North

 Longitude: 68°7' East to 97°25' East
 Total Area: Approximately 3.28 million square kilometers
 Land Boundaries: Shares borders with Pakistan, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh,
Myanmar, and the Andaman & Nicobar Islands.
 Coastline: Approximately 7,516.6 kilometers

Physical Features

 Himalayas: The world's highest mountain range, forming India's northern frontier.
 Indo-Gangetic Plain: A vast, fertile plain between the Himalayas and the Vindhya
Range, supporting a significant portion of India's population.
 Deccan Plateau: A large plateau in southern India, known for its black soil and
diverse flora and fauna.
 Coastal Plains: Narrow plains along the eastern and western coasts, rich in natural
resources.
 Deserts: The Thar Desert in the northwest and the Kutch Desert in the west.
 Islands: The Andaman & Nicobar Islands in the Bay of Bengal and the Lakshadweep
Islands in the Arabian Sea.

Climate

 Monsoon Climate: India experiences a tropical monsoon climate, characterized by

distinct wet and dry seasons.
 Regional Variations: The climate varies significantly across different regions, from
the cold winters of the Himalayas to the hot and humid summers of the coastal plains.

Natural Resources

 Minerals: India is rich in minerals such as iron ore, coal, manganese, bauxite, and
mica.
 Forestry: Forests cover a significant portion of India's land area, providing timber,
fuelwood, and biodiversity.
 Water Resources: India has a vast network of rivers, including the Ganges, Yamuna,
Indus, and Brahmaputra, which are crucial for agriculture, irrigation, and hydropower
generation.

Geographic Influences on India

 Agriculture: India's fertile plains and abundant water resources have made it a major
agricultural producer.
 Trade: India's long coastline has facilitated trade with other countries throughout
history.
  Cultural Diversity: The diverse geographical landscape has contributed to India's
rich cultural heritage and diversity.
 Environmental Challenges: India faces various environmental challenges, including
deforestation, pollution, and climate change.

1. Which is the highest mountain peak in India?

o (a) Mount Everest

o (b) Kangchenjunga
o (c) Nanda Devi
o (d) K2
2. In which mountain range is Mount Everest located?
o (a) Himalayas
o (b) Vindhyas
o (c) Aravalli
o (d) Western Ghats
3. Which mountain range forms the northern boundary of India?
o (a) Himalayas
o (b) Vindhyas
o (c) Western Ghats
o (d) Eastern Ghats
4. Which mountain range separates India from Pakistan?
o (a) Himalayas
o (b) Vindhyas
o (c) Aravalli
o (d) Western Ghats
5. Which mountain range is known for its tea plantations?
o (a) Himalayas
o (b) Nilgiri Hills
o (c) Aravalli
o (d) Western Ghats

Specific Mountain Ranges

6. Which mountain range is known for its coffee plantations?

o (a) Himalayas

o (b) Nilgiri Hills

 o (c) Aravalli
o (d) Western Ghats
7. Which mountain range is the oldest in India?
o (a) Himalayas
o (b) Vindhyas
o (c) Aravalli
o (d) Western Ghats
8. Which mountain range is associated with the Khangchendzonga National Park?
o (a) Himalayas
o (b) Vindhyas
o (c) Aravalli
o (d) Western Ghats
9. Which mountain range is home to the highest peak in India?
o (a) Himalayas
o (b) Vindhyas
o (c) Aravalli
o (d) Western Ghats
10. Which mountain range is the source of the Ganga River?

 (a) Himalayas
 (b) Vindhyas
 (c) Aravalli
 (d) Western Ghats

Mountain Passes and Peaks

11. Which mountain pass connects India with China?

 (a) Nathu La
 (b) Rohtang Pass
 (c) Shipki La
 (d) Zoji La

12. Which mountain pass connects India with Pakistan?

 (a) Nathu La
 (b) Rohtang Pass
 (c) Shipki La
 (d) Zoji La

13. Which mountain peak is the highest point in the Aravalli Range?

 (a) Guru Shikhar

  (b) Mount Abu
 (c) Girnar
 (d) Doda Betta

14. Which mountain peak is the highest point in the Western Ghats?

 (a) Anamudi
 (b) Kodaikanal
 (c) Ooty
 (d) Mahabaleshwar

15. Which mountain peak is the highest point in the Eastern Ghats?

 (a) Doda Betta

 (b) Mahendragiri
 (c) Nilgiri
 (d) Anamudi

Miscellaneous Questions

16. Which mountain range is associated with the Silent Valley National Park?

 (a) Himalayas
 (b) Nilgiri Hills
 (c) Aravalli
 (d) Western Ghats

17. Which mountain range is associated with the Valley of Flowers National Park?

 (a) Himalayas
 (b) Vindhyas
 (c) Aravalli
 (d) Western Ghats

18. Which mountain range is associated with the Kaziranga National Park?

 (a) Himalayas
 (b) Vindhyas
 (c) Aravalli
 (d) Eastern Ghats

19. Which mountain range is associated with the Periyar National Park?

 (a) Himalayas
 (b) Nilgiri Hills
 (c) Aravalli
 (d) Western Ghats
 20. Which mountain range is associated with the Manas National Park?

 (a) Himalayas
 (b) Vindhyas
 (c) Aravalli
 (d) Eastern Ghats

1. What is the largest state in India by area?

Answer: Rajasthan

2. Which river is known as the “Ganga of the South”?

Answer: Godavari

3. Which is the highest mountain peak in India?

Answer: Kanchenjunga

4. What is the longest river in India?

Answer: Ganges

5. Which desert is located in the northwest part of India?

Answer: Thar Desert

6. Which state is known as the “Land of Five Rivers”?

Answer: Punjab

7. What is the capital of Jammu and Kashmir?

Answer: Srinagar (summer) and Jammu (winter)

8. Which Indian state is known for its famous backwaters?

Answer: Kerala

9. Which Indian state is known for the Sundarbans mangrove

forest?

Answer: West Bengal

10. What is the southernmost point of the Indian

mainland?

Answer: Kanyakumari

11. Which state is known as the “Rice Bowl of India”?

Answer: Andhra Pradesh

 12. What is the official language of the Indian state of
Tamil Nadu?

Answer: Tamil

13. In which state is the famous Keoladeo National Park

located?

Answer: Rajasthan

14. Which river is also known as the “Yamuna” in India?

Answer: Jamuna

15. What is the highest battlefield in the world, located in

India?

Answer: Siachen Glacier

16. Which Indian city is known as the “Pink City”?

Answer: Jaipur

17. Which state is home to the famous Valley of Flowers

National Park?

Answer: Uttarakhand

18. What is the largest saltwater lake in India?

Answer: Chilika Lake

19. Which Indian state is known for its famous hill station,
Shimla?

Answer: Himachal Pradesh

20. Which river is known as the “Sorrow of Bengal”?

Answer: Damodar River

21. What is the official language of the Indian state of

Karnataka?

Answer: Kannada

22. Which state is known for the Great Indian Desert?

Answer: Rajasthan

23. Which is the southernmost union territory of India?

Answer: Lakshadweep

24. What is the largest freshwater lake in India?

Answer: Vembanad
 25. Which river is known as the “Lifeline of Madhya
Pradesh”?

Answer: Narmada

26. What is the capital of Maharashtra?

Answer: Mumbai

27. Which Indian state is famous for the Ajanta and Ellora
Caves?

Answer: Maharashtra

28. What is the official language of the Indian state of

Telangana?

Answer: Telugu

29. Which state is known for the Gir Forest, home to

Asiatic lions?

Answer: Gujarat

30. What is the second-longest river in India?

Answer: Godavari

31. Which state is known for the Kaziranga National Park,

home to one-horned rhinoceros?

Answer: Assam

32. What is the largest river island in the world, located in

India?

Answer: Majuli Island

33. Which state is known for the Kanchenjunga National

Park?

Answer: Sikkim

34. What is the capital of Uttar Pradesh?

Answer: Lucknow

35. Which river is known as the “River of Sorrow”?

Answer: Kosi River

36. In which state is the famous Hawa Mahal located?

Answer: Rajasthan

37. What is the highest plateau in India?

Answer: Deccan Plateau

 38. Which state is known for the Dudhwa National Park?

Answer: Uttar Pradesh

39. What is the official language of the Indian state of

Assam?

Answer: Assamese

40. Which is the largest coffee-producing state in India?

Answer: Karnataka

41. What is the capital of West Bengal?

Answer: Kolkata

42. In which state is the famous Golden Temple located?

Answer: Punjab

43. Which river is known as the “River of South India”?

Answer: Godavari

44. What is the largest lagoon in India?

Answer: Chilika Lake

45. Which state is known for the Bandipur National Park?

Answer: Karnataka

46. What is the official language of the Indian state of

West Bengal?

Answer: Bengali

47. Which state is known for the Silent Valley National

Park?

Answer: Kerala

48. What is the official language of the Indian state of

Odisha?

Answer: Odia

49. In which state is the famous Elephanta Caves located?

Answer: Maharashtra

50. Which river is known as the “River of Gold”?

Answer: Son River

51. What is the largest brackish water lake in India?

Answer: Chilika Lake

52. Which state is known for the Rann of Kutch?

Answer: Gujarat

53. What is the capital of Andhra Pradesh?

Answer: Amaravati

54. In which state is the famous Virupaksha Temple

located?

Answer: Karnataka

55. Which river is known as the “River of Sins”?

Answer: Yamuna

56. What is the highest dam in India?

Answer: Tehri Dam

57. Which state is known for the Kanha National Park?

Answer: Madhya Pradesh

58. What is the official language of the Indian state of

Punjab?

Answer: Punjabi

59. Which is the southernmost state of India?

Answer: Tamil Nadu

60. What is the largest river island in the Brahmaputra

River?

Answer: Majuli Island

61. Which state is known for the Palani Hills?

Answer: Tamil Nadu

62. What is the capital of Kerala?

Answer: Thiruvananthapuram

63. In which state is the famous Rann of Kutch located?

Answer: Gujarat

64. Which river is known as the “River of Mist”?

Answer: Tungabhadra

65. What is the highest peak in the Western Ghats?

Answer: Anamudi

66. Which state is known for the Periyar National Park?

Answer: Kerala

67. What is the official language of the Indian state of

Himachal Pradesh?

Answer: Hindi

68. Which is the largest artificial lake in India?

Answer: Govind Ballabh Pant Sagar

69. Which state is known for the Hazaribagh Wildlife

Sanctuary?

Answer: Jharkhand

70. What is the capital of Jharkhand?

Answer: Ranchi

71. In which state is the famous Sanchi Stupa located?

Answer: Madhya Pradesh

72. Which river is known as the “Daughter of the

Mountains”?

Answer: Ganges

73. What is the highest peak in the Eastern Ghats?

Answer: Arma Konda

74. Which state is known for the Bhagwan Mahavir Wildlife

Sanctuary?

Answer: Goa

75. What is the official language of the Indian state of

Chhattisgarh?

Answer: Chhattisgarhi

76. In which state is the famous Nalanda University

located?

Answer: Bihar

77. Which river is known as the “Saraswati” in ancient

Indian texts?

Answer: Ghaggar-Hakra River

78. What is the highest waterfall in India?

Answer: Jog Falls

79. Which state is known for the Silent Valley National

Park?

Answer: Kerala

80. What is the official language of the Indian state of

Manipur?

Answer: Manipuri

81. In which state is the famous Chilika Lake located?

Answer: Odisha

82. Which river is known as the “Spate of Indian Desert”?

Answer: Luni River

83. What is the highest peak in the Nilgiri Hills?

Answer: Doddabetta

84. Which state is known for the Satpura National Park?

Answer: Madhya Pradesh

85. What is the official language of the Indian state of

Nagaland?

Answer: English

86. In which state is the famous Jog Falls located?

Answer: Karnataka

87. Which river is known as the “Dakshina Ganga”?

Answer: Godavari

88. What is the largest lake in India by volume?

Answer: Vembanad

89. Which state is known for the Dudhwa National Park?

Answer: Uttar Pradesh

90. What is the official language of the Indian state of

Tripura?

Answer: Bengali, Kokborok

91. In which state is the famous Mahabodhi Temple

located?

Answer: Bihar
 92. Which river is known as the “Ganges of the South”?

Answer: Kaveri

93. What is the highest battlefield in the world, located in

India?

Answer: Siachen Glacier

94. Which state is known for the Bandipur National Park?

Answer: Karnataka

95. What is the official language of the Indian state of Goa?

Answer: Konkani

96. In which state is the famous Lohit River located?

Answer: Arunachal Pradesh

97. Which river is known as the “Lifeline of Madhya

Pradesh”?

Answer: Narmada

98. What is the largest artificial lake in India?

Answer: Govind Ballabh Pant Sagar

99. Which state is known for the Hazaribagh Wildlife

Sanctuary?

Answer: Jharkhand

100. What is the official language of the Indian state of

Telangana?

Answer: Telugu

1. Which one of the following geographical terms refers to the “water-surrounded

sliver of sub-continental land”?

1.

A. Peninsula
B. the Gulf of Mexico
C. Strait
D. Island

D is the answer.

Explanation: An island is a phrase that refers to a “piece of sub-continental land

surrounded by sea.”
2. Which one of the following geographical terms describes a body of land that is
bordered on three sides by water?

1.

A. Peninsula
B. Gulf
C. Strait
D. Island

A is the answer.

Explanation: Water surrounds the Peninsula on three sides. They are generated by a
steady increase in the water level that surrounds low-elevation terrain.

3. A naturally produced, narrow, often navigable canal that links two bigger bodies of
water is referred to as which of the below geographical terms?

1.

A. Peninsula
B. Gulf
C. Strait
D. Island

Ans: C

Explanation: A strait is a geographical word that refers to a short, naturally created

canal that links two bigger bodies of water.

4. Which one of the following best describes the term “archipelago”?

1.

A. A shallow lagoon surrounded by a circular coral reef.

B. A group of islands or a series of islands.
C. The earth’s plant and animal life.
D. None of the preceding

B is the answer.

An ‘archipelago’ is a group of islands that are tightly spaced in a body of water. The
term “island group” or “island chain” is also used.

5. Which one of the following is the world’s biggest archipelago?

1.

A. Island of Andaman and Nicobar

B. Malaysia
C. Indonesia
D. Maldives

C is the answer.

Explanation: Indonesia is the world’s biggest archipelago.

6. Which one of the following is the biggest peninsula on the planet?

India,

1.

A. India
B. South Africa
C. Arabia
D. Both A & B

C is the answer.

Arabia is the world’s biggest peninsula, as explained above. It covers 1,250,006

square miles and contains five main cities. The Persian Gulf, the Arabian Gulf, and
the Red Sea encircle it on all sides, connecting the continental Asian continent.

7. Which one of the following passes connects Manali and Leh by road and cuts
across the Pir Panjal range?

1.

A. Rohtas Pass
B. Mana Pass
C. Niti Pass
D. Nathula Pass

A is the answer.

Explanation: Rohtas Pass is a route that runs over the Pir Panjal range and connects
Manali and Leh.

8. The Indus River carved out which one of the following passes?

1.

A. Rohtas Pass
B. Nathula Pass
C. Baralacha La Pass
D. Banihal Pass
 D is the answer.

The Indus River carved Banihal Pass out of the landscape. It is a narrow pass
created by a water body between two mountains. It is found in Jammu and Kashmir’s
Pir Panjal mountains.

9. Which passes provide access to the Kailash-Manasarovar land route?

10.

A. Mana Pass
B. Rohtas Pass
C. Nathula Pass
D. Baralacha La Pass

A is the answer

Explanation: Mana Pass is a land connection between Kailash and Manasarovar.

10. Which of these passes connects Srinagar and Leh?

1.

A. Mana Pass
B. Rohtas Pass
C. Nathula Pass
D. Zoji La Pass

D is the answer.

The Zoji La Pass connects Srinagar with Leh.

11. The gold mining towns of Kalgoorlie and Coolgardie are located in:
12.

A. Australia
B. THE USA
C. England
D. South Africa

Option A is the answer.

Kalgoorlie-Boulder, sometimes known as just Kalgoorlie, is a city in Western

Australia’s Goldfields-Esperance area, located 595 kilometres (370 miles) east-
northeast of Perth near the end of the Room Eastern Highway.

12. Tadoba National Park, home to tigers, panthers, and bears, is found in:

1.
A. Assam
B. Chandrapur (Maharashtra)
C. Karnataka
D. Tamil Nadu

Option B is the correct answer.

Explanation: The Tadoba Andhari National Park is located in Maharashtra’s

Chandrapur district and is home to roughly 43 tigers. The tiger reserve is one of
India’s fifty tiger reserves, and it is also the state’s oldest and largest national park.
The name of the national park was derived from the name of the indigenous tribes’
God, “Tadoba,” and Andhari seems to be the name of the river that runs through the
forest.

13. In geography, who was the first to propose the convectional current hypothesis?

1.

A. Arthur Holmes
B. Carl Ritter
C. Arnaldo Faustini
D. Immanuel Kant

Option A is the correct answer.

In the years 1928–29, Arthur Holmes proposed the convection current hypothesis.
Continental drift (moving apart) is a widely acknowledged driving force that led to the
development of current plate tectonics. His major goal was to discover a scientific
explanation for the continents’ and seas’ origins. However, mountain construction is
a commonly acknowledged notion.

14. The tribes of the Apatanis can be found in:

1.

A. Himachal Pradesh
B. Nagaland
C. Sikkim
D. Arunachal Pradesh

Answer: Option D

Explanation: The Apatani, or Tank, are a tribal group of people that live in the Ziro
valley in the Lower Subansiri region of Arunachal Pradesh, India. They are also
known as Apa and Apa Tani.

15. Genoa is the most important seaport in the following countries:

1.

A. Spain
B. Brazil
C. Italy
D. Canada

Option C is the correct answer.

Explanation: The Port of Genoa is the largest Italian seaport, competing with
Marseille and Barcelona for the title of Mediterranean Sea’s largest port. It is Italy’s
busiest port by cargo tonnage, with a transaction volume of 51.6 million tonnes.

16. In India’s demographic history, the year ___ is known as the Great Divide.
17.

A. the Year 1901

B. in the year 1921
C. In the year 1941
D. D: 1951

Option B is the correct answer.

Explanation: In India’s demographic history, 1921 is known as the “year of the great
division,” when mortality began to fall, causing the rate of population increase to
accelerate (the second stage).

17. The UNESCO World Heritage Site of the Willandra Lakes Region is located in:
18.

A. The United States of America

B. Australia
C. The United Kingdom
D. Germany,

Option B is the correct answer.

The Willandra Lakes Region is a heritage site located in New South Wales,
Australia’s far west.

18. Reliance Petroleum Ltd. has built the sole private sector refinery in the country.

1.

A. Guwahati
B. Jamnagar,
C. Bombay
D. Chennai,
 Option B is the right answer.

Explanation: The Jamnagar Refinery is a private industry crude oil company in

Jamnagar, Gujarat, India, owned by Reliance Industries Limited.

19. Saffron is exclusively produced in one state in India.

1.

A. Assam
B. Himachal Pradesh
C. Jammu and Kashmir
D. Meghalaya

Option C is the correct answer.

The only Indian state that produces saffron is Jammu and Kashmir.

20. The International Astronomical Union (IAU) has its headquarters in:

1.

A. Geneva
B. Mexico City
C. New York
D. Paris (France)

Option D is the correct answer.

Explanation: The International Astronomy Union (IAU) is a senior organisation based

in Paris that governs international professional astronomical activities across the
world. It was founded in 1919 as the first of a succession of worldwide organisations
dedicated to the growth of certain scientific fields.

21. With which nation did India plan to build a solar city in India in 2010?

1.

A. Japan,
B. The Russian Federation
C. South Africa
D. the United States of America

Answer: Option A

Explanation: Japan is the nation with whom India intends to build a solar city.

22. The Barak River is a well-known river in:

1.

A. The Western Ghat

B. Eastern Ghat
C. Satpura hills
D. Manipur hills

Option D is the correct answer.

The Jirl, the Dhaleshwari, the Singla, the Longai, the Sonai, and the Katakhal are the
major tributaries of the Barak in India. The Barak River gets its name from its origin
in the Manipur Hills area of Mao Songsang.

23. Near the Mansarover Lake in the Great Himalayas, three prominent rivers of the
Indian subcontinent find their origins. These are the rivers.

1.

A. Indus Jhelum and Sutlej

B. Brahmaputra Sutlej and Yamuna
C. Brahmaputra Indus and Sutlej
D. Jhelum Sutlej and Yamuna

Option C is the correct answer.

Explanation: Near the Mansarover Lake, as in Great Himalayas, three key rivers of
the Indian subcontinent had their origins. Brahmaputra, Indus, and Sutlej are these
rivers.