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Computer Science EXCEPTIONAL HANDLING class 12
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100% found this document useful (1 vote)
3K views22 pagesException Handling - Preeti Arora
Computer Science EXCEPTIONAL HANDLING class 12
Uploaded by
shruthisahasra07Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
/ 22
3.1 INTRODUCTION
Apart from computer programs that we code, an exception or error or unusual condition can occur
even in our daily life. Consider a real-life scenario—we leave our house for office by car. On the way,
the tyre bursts and we are forced to stop the car and replace the tyre. In this scenario, the punctured
tyre is the exception that has occurred unexpectedly. In such a situation, we are required to carry
along a spare tyre so that we can change the punctured tyre then and there and continue with our
journey. This concept is similar to exception handling in computer programming.
Normal Flow Exception Handling
Likewise, when we are browsing a web page and suddenly that web page is unreachable because
there is no network connection or there is no microphone available to create an audio recording—
these are examples of exceptions or errors.
Sometimes an application can recover from an error and still provide normal, expected behaviour,
‘sometimes errors get reported to the user, sometimes they get logged to a file, etc. It depends on the
specific error and the application. The same is applicable in the field of computer programming also.
3.2 ERRORS IN PYTHON AND DEBUGGING
Most application codes written for developing applications have errors in them. When our
application suddenly freezes for no apparent reason, it is usually because of an error. But we all
understand that programs have to deal with these errors.
‘The process of finding errors in a program is termed as Debugging.
Due to errors, a program may not execute or may generate wrong output, So, it becomes necessary
to find and remove errors for successful execution of a program. Errors in Python are classified
mainly into three types:
-@) Syntax Error (b) Run-time Error
© Logical Error ™~
3.2.1 Syntax Error A
A syntax error is an error in the syntax of a sequence of characters or tokens that is inteng
be written in a particular programming language. These types of errors are generated Whe =
violate the syntax or, in other words, the grammatical rules of a programming language, Saat
errors are the most common type of errors and are easily traceable. Some examples of p, :
- “a
syntax errors are:
1. Incorrect indentation
2. Misspelling a keyword
3. Leaving out a symbol such as colon (:), comma (,) or parentheses (()).
They can be corrected by the user as the reason for the error and an appropriate message ox
what is wrong in the program is displayed.
For example,
eee eee
>>> BEint ‘Hello world’
SyntaxError: Missing parentheses in call to ‘print
Did you mean print(...)?
>>>
Fig. 3.1: Syntax Error: Invali
Syntax
‘The given statement is an example of syntax error as it violates the language protocol by not giving
Parentheses() with the print() function. So, the corrected statement should be:
>>> B
lo world')
© world
However, some syntactical errors are quite hard to find. Python is case-sensitive, so we may use the
‘wrong case for a variable and find out that the variable isn't quite working as we thought it would
For example,
| [BFaceback (most recent cali tasty?
|
| File "", line 1, in
|,
Print (4+5)
[Mamezrror: nane ‘Print’ 4s not defined. pid
|: feeu means speaee.t
In the above example, we have typed the Print() statement instead of print(), which is syntactically
wrong and needs to be corrected. So, the correct statement will be:
>>> print (445)
9
Most syntactical errors occur at t}
out for us. Fixing the error is mad
considerable accuracy.
he time of program execution and the interpreter points them
le easy because the interpreter generally tells us what to fix with fe"
—————— —
Syntaxerror: losin Wisteria T
‘J pares tatement 2
opening parenthenia (re nemt™ I
goalie mens etn J' does not match
SyntaxError: incompieta iapwc 7” *Statemen
>>>jprant ‘Hello! —— Lete input J
Minaing pares
Deint(y pppemehonens in call to ‘print’.
_——————™ aStatement 3 |
Lan
\syntaxzrror: invaiia Statement &
pe>gor 4 in range(io) 7 *
irint (4)
syntaxError: expected statement 5 |
Statement on line :77 A" indented block after ‘for’ |
Fig. 3.2: Other types of Syntax Errors
er i
etus understand the reason behind the occurrence of each error given in the above example.
L statement 1 generates syntax error because of improper closing bracket (square bracket instead
of parenthesis).
2, Statement 2 generates syntax error because of missing colon (:) after ‘if’ keyword to end if
statement.
4, statement 3 generates syntax error because of missing parentheses () with print() method.
4, Statement 4 generates syntax error because of use of semicolon instead of comma in a list
declaration.
5, Statement 5 generates syntax error because of improper indentation.
3.2.2 Run-time Error
‘srun-time error occurs after Python interpreter interprets the code we write and the computer
bexins to execute it. Run-time errors come in different types and some are hard to find.
We know we have a run-time error when the application suddenly stops running and displays 8m
error (exception) dialog box or when the user complains about erroneous output. It usually results
in abnormal program termination during execution.
For example,
>>>]10* (1/0)
Traceback (most recent call last):
‘File "", line 1, in
10* (1/0)
ZeroDivisionError: division by zero
Fig. 3.3: Example of Run-time Error
The above statement is syntactically correct but won't yield any output, Instead, it shall generate
anerror as division of any number by 0 will result in an error upon execution and illegal program
termination. Some examples of Python run-time errors are:
1. Division by zero
2. Performing an operation on incompatible types
3. Using an identifier variable which has not been defined
4. Accessing a list element, dictionary value or object attribute which doesn’t exist
5. Trying to access a file that doesn’t exist
et 2 never part Of the norma}
Ds
and unexpected ‘situations and they ar
unusual
ETM: Errors are exceptiona,
ota pregeem fons are usually run-time erp.
Excepti
stormed as Exceptions:
In Python, such unusual situations are termed as Excep'
tion but the program behay,
Since the program interprets Successfully eye
tifficult to Identify these errors. n
3.2.3 Logical Errors ae
A logical error/bug (called semantic error) dot not §
incorrectly and produces undesired /wronk Out ;
r it, It is sometimes ¢
when logical errors are present In It, Te ee es fund without
are the most difficult to fix. They ocelt when the prog! crash
+ incorrect result. The error Is caused by a mistake in the program 5 logic. We wor,
ge because no syntax OF run-time error has occurred.
Logical errors
but produces
get an error messa
‘al errors aret
me for calculations.
dulus operator in place
Some examples of logic
«Using the wrong variable na
+ Using integer division or mo
+ Giving wrong operator precedence.
We will have to find the problem on our own by reviewing all the relevant parts of the code,
For example, ifwe wish to find the average of two numbers, 10 and 12, and we write the code ag
10 +12. it will run successfully and produce the result 16, which is wrong. The correct code ty
2
J find the average should have been (10 + 12)/2 to get the output a
For example,
of division operator
is 11.
Yilustrating Logical Error
x = float(input ("Enter a number:
y = float(input ("Enter a number:
z= xty/2
Drint('The average of the two numbers you have entered is:',2)
‘The above example should calculate the average of the two numbers the user enters. But because
of the order of operations in arithmetic (division is evaluated before addition), the program will
not give the right answer; this is known as logical error.
Enter a number: 3
Enter a number: 4
"The average of the two numbers you have entered is:5.0)
As a result, we will get 5.0 as the output instead of 3.5.
To rectify this problem, we will simply add parentheses: z = (x+y)/2
Wilusteating Logical Error
x = float (input (‘Enter a numbe:
y = float(input (‘Enter a nunbe:
Bs ony /2
print('tThe average of the two numbers you have entered 4: »
sity
Hence, now we will get the right result as 3.5
lenter a numbe:
lenter a number: 4 3.2.4 What is Exception Handling
very programming language that we wo!
Bs ome mechanism to handle an coe aie
occurs during @ program execution. Likewise
hon also provides a complete mechanism for
handling an error when it occurs. This mechanism.
js called Exception Handling.
gxception: Technically, an error is termed as Sl Oi
Exception. An exception is an error that happens OC eee
during the execution of a program. If an exception
js not caught, the program ts terminated.
Fig. 3.4: An Exception
‘Thus, an exception can be described as an interrupt or an event triggered during the normal flow
of the execution of a program, which is to be handled carefully.
when an exception is raised on account of some error, the program must contain code to catch this
exception and handle it properly,
| CTM: Exception refers to an abnormal condition that arises during the program execution.
Let us discuss some important terms related to Exception Handling:
(Traceback: The lengthy error message that is shown when an exception occurs during the
program run is called a traceback. The traceback is a detailed report that gives information
regarding the line number(s) along with the function calls that caused the exception.
(i) Try block: Try block constitutes a set of codes that might have an exception thrown in
it. If any code within the try statement causes an error, execution of the code will stop
and jump to the except statement.
(iii) ‘except’ block or ‘catch’ block: Whenever some error or exception is to be handled, it is
done using ‘except’ block which stands for exception.
(iv) ‘throw’ or ‘raise’ block: ‘throw’ is an action in response to an exception (error/unusual
condition). When a program on execution encounters an abnormal condition, an object of
this exception is created or instantiated and ‘thrown’ or ‘raised’ to the code responsible
to catch/handle it.
(v) Unhandled, uncaught Exception: An exception that leads to abnormal termination of
a program due to non-execution of an exception thrown is termed as unhandled or
uncaught exception. This is the result of an exception which was thrown or-raised but
never caught.
(ETM: Errors detected during execution are called exceptions. In other words, an exception is an error that
‘occurs while a program Is running. They indicate something unusual has happened in the program.
3.3 STANDARD EXCEPTIONS IN PYTHON
Python provides us a way to handle exceptions so that the script does not terminate but executes
some specified code when an exception occurs. This concept is called Exception Handling.
‘An exception can be addressed by its name. Python has some built-in exception names for common
- exceptions. If required, a programmer can also define his/her own exceptions.
= Exception Handling ~
When an exception occurs in the program, we say that exception was raised or thrown, Ney
we deal with it and say it is handled or caught. And the code written to handle it is known :
exception handler.
For handling exceptional situations Python provides—
1, raise statement to raise exception in the program.
2. try... except statement for catching and handling errors (which will be taken up in “Handling
Exceptions in Python’ section).
© raise Statement:
raise statement allows the program to force a specified exception to occur at Tun-time,
Python automatically raises an exception when it encounters an error during the
program execution. Once an exception is raised/thrown, it is up to caller function to
either handle it using try/except statement or let it propagate further,
————
Use raise to force an exception:
Came
Fig. 3.5(a): raise statement
Syntax:
raise [exception name [, message/argument][, traceback]]
Here,
+ exception name is the type of error, which can be string, class or object. It is an instance of
exception class.
argument is the value/parameter passed to the class. It is a short message that describes the
error. We can also give our own message for notifying error to the user.
As the argument is
optional its default value None is used in case the argument is not provi
ided.
traceback section succeeds the argument when any exception is raised or thrown.
[ CTM: raise statement allows us to throw an exception at any time,
For example,
% = 20
af (x > 5):
raise Exception('x should not exceed 5')
Output:
Traceback (most recent call last)?
File "C:/Users/User4
/AppData/Local/Programs/P
lython/Python311/3.7_1.py", line 3, in >>
Fig. 3.5(b): raising/throwing an exception
We will now learn about some standard built-in exceptions available which are described iM
Table 3.1. >
Table 3.1: Common Python Exceptions
OS Ca
ameErTOr Ralsed when an identifier is not found in the local or global namespace.
or Raised when an i
sypeerr anaes Operation or function is attempted that is invalid for the specified
valueError Ralsed when a built-in operation or function receives an argument that has the right
type but an inappropriate value.
geroDivisionError Raised when division or modulo by zero takes place for all numeric types.
qtrbuteError Raised when an object does not find an attribute.
KeyError Raised when a mapping (dictionary) key is not found in the set of existing keys.
indentationError — Raised due to incorrect indentation.
JOError Raised if the file requested cannot be opened, or failure of /O operation.
indexError Raised when an index is not found in a sequence, ie., out of range or out of bounds.
importError Raised if Python cannot find the module requested for in a program.
EOFEror Raised when one of the file methods, (ie., read(), readline() or readlines(), tries to read
beyond the file.
syntaxError Raised when there is an error in Python syntax.
RuntimeError Raised when an error does not fall under any specific exception category defined above.
All the above pre-defined exceptions can be used with raise statement. Let us discuss some
commonly generated exceptions.
(a) NameError: This type of exception occurs when we are trying to use a variable that doesn’t
exist in the current environment. It is raised when a function name or variable name is not
found in the local or global namespace. If we get a NameError, check whether the variable
name or function name has been typed correctly or not, has been given in quotes or defined
somewhere else where it is not destined/required.
Remember that local variables are local. We cannot refer to them from outside the
module/function where they are defined.
For example,
Adding two numbers
num = 10
num2 = 20
print("sum of two numbers=", num1+num3)
Output:
[Traceback (most recent call last):
File "Cc: /Users/User4/hppData/Local/Progra
ims /Python/Python311/prog_excep2.py", line 5, in <
lmodule>
print ("sum of two numbers=", numi+num3)
lINameError: name ‘num3' is not defined. Did
you mean: 'numi'?
>>>
Fig, 3.6(a): NameError exception The given screenshot gives the description about NameError, which consists of—
(i) Traceback, which describes a list of the functions which were running and display
the time of occurrence of the exception. Ved a
(it) The second line defines the path where in the program the exception has occurray_
name of the program, which Is prog.excep2.py in the given example along with
number, ling
(iii) The third line shows the actual place of error, i.¢., the statement in which the erro;
occurred which is print() method. ha
(iv) The fourth and the last line explains that the NameError exception has be
en ra
because of the undefined variable num3. seg
‘Thus, from the above example, we can say that the exception NameError usually contributes
a result of: a
* Undefined variable
+ Amisspelled variable or function name
* Missed quotation mark or closing parenthesis
(b) TypeError: This type of error is raised when an operation or function is attempted that is
invalid for the specified data type. This type of exception may result from any of the following
possible reasons:
+ When we are trying to use a value improperly. For exampl
with something other than an integer.
* There is a mismatch between the items in a format string and the items Passed for
conversion. This can happen if either the number of items does not match or an invalid
conversion is called for.
indexing a string, list or tuple
* We are passing the wrong number of arguments to a function or method. For methods,
look at the method definition and check that the first parameter is self. Then look at the
method invocation; make sure we are invoking the method on an object with the right
type and providing the other arguments correctly.
#Adding two numbers
numl = 10
num2 = 20
print ("sum of two numbers="+ num1+num2)
Output:
Traceback (most recent call last)?
File "Cc: /Users/User4/appData/Local/Programs/Python/Py
thon311/3.9 1.py", line 5, in
print("sum of two numbers="+ num1+num2)
TypeError: can only concatenate str (not "int") to str
>>>
Fig. 3.6(b): TypeError exception
value
In the error message (Fig. 3.6(b)), the error is in line 3 within the print() statement as the te
of num1+num2 is used in integer (int) which should be in string type (str) and, hence,
‘TypeError exception gets raised.
x7
Computer Science with Pytho™”
— & “a
oO
@
©
valueError: This exception is raised when we try to perform an operation on an incorrect tYPS
of value. In other words, when a built-in operati ment that has
of tight type but an inappropriate te a.crerstion or function receives an argu!
ppplage = int (input ("Enter your age sj)”
Enter your age: eia ” See |
‘Traceback (most recent
nt call last):
File “", line 1, in cmodute>
| age = dntcs 1 our ti
|, mput ("Enter your age :“))
wekrror: inva’
=) 4id Literal for int() with base 10: * #2!
Fig. 3.6(c): Valuetrror exception
zeroDivisionError: This exception is raised when division or modulo by zero takes place for
all numeric types. It occurs when in division operation, denominator is inputted as Zero.
yeinding inverse of a number
itm = eval (input ("enter a number™))
rev_pun=i/num
feint("inverse of a nuxber=", rev_num)
Output:
lsraceback (most secent call tact)
File "C:/Users/User4/AppData/Local,
in311/3.10_1-py", line 3, in ear ee amet aor
rev_num=i/num
zeroDivisionzrror: division by zero
>>|
Fig. 3.6(d): ZeroDivisionError exception
AttributeError: This exception is raised when an object does not find an attribute. We are
trying to access an attribute or method that does not exist. Check the spelling! We can use
dir to list the attributes that do exist.
If an AttributeError indicates that an object has None Type, that means that it is None.
One common cause is forgetting to return a value from a function; if we get to the end of 3
function without hitting a return statement, it returns None. Another common cause is using
the result from a list method, like sort, which returns None.
Also, this error can occur when we are using a method not associated with a particular object like
list holding integer values and we are trying to use append() method which is not acceptable
and, hence, AttributeError exception is thrown as shown in Fig. 3.6(e)).
fatdet = 0
for 4 in range(10):
aList.append(1)
lprine(atdst{101)
Output:
‘Traceback (most recent call last):
Tile "C:/Users/User4/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Pytho
lna11/3.11_1-py", line 3, in
alist. append (i)
lattributerrror: ‘int’ object has no attribute ‘append’
b>>>|
Fig. 3.6(e): AttributeError exception
ton Hane ee, of (f) KeyError: This type of error occurs when we are trying to access an element of a qi
(g)_ IndexError: The index we are using to access a list, string, or tuple is greater than j
™~
Iti
using a key that the dictionary does not contain. Onan,
) at ‘one’, 21 'Two', 3:
>>>|print (digits rive'})
Traceback (mont recent call last): |
File "", line 1, in |
print (digits ['Five'}) |
KeyError: ‘Five! |
J
“Fig. 3.6(f): KeyError exception
ts Ie
minus one, This exception is raised when an index is not found in a sequence. In other et
Bt
it occurs whenever we try to access an index that is out of a valid range. ds
rds
['rea’,
iue']
‘green’,
>>>/eolors [4]
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "", line 1, in
colors [4]
IndexError: list index out of range
Fig. 3.6(g): Index€rror exception
(h) oError: This exception occurs whenever there is an error related to input/output such 5,
@
opening a file that does not exist, trying to delete a file in use, removing USB while readin,
operation is going on. In all these situations, where some interrupt occurs in input/outpy:
operation, I0Error exception is raised.
>5>/£ = open(' passwordFile. txt")
|fraceback (most recent call last):
| File "“", line 1, in
| £ = open('passwordFile.txt')
FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: "passwordFile.tzt:
>>>)
Fig. 3.6(h): [OError exception
IndentationError: Indentation is one of the important factors that should be taken into account
while writing Python programs. Each statement written in the block should have the same
indentation level. In case of violation of this rule, it results in Indentation error.
This type of exception is raised due to incorrect indentation while typing if-else statements orin
looping statements (compound statements) or even in defining user-defined functions/modules.
>>>|limit = 5 |
>>>|for num in range (limit): |
~ +> Brint (num)
Syntaxerror: expected an indented block after 'for' statement on line 1
>>>|
Fig. 3.6(I): Indentation exception
3.4 HANDLING EXCEPTIONS IN PYTHON
An exception is an error that occurs while a program is running, causing the program to abruptly
halt. Errors that occur at execution time are the exceptions. These errors disrupt the flow of the
program at run-time by terminating the execution at the point of occurrence of the error.
a — &
-
—— Beeeute thi eas wing >
is exception
Ro match is found
Syntax:
We do our operations here
except Exception (Name) - I:
If there is exception-I, then execute this block.
except Exception (Name) - II:
If there is exception-II, then execute this block.
except Exception (Name) - III:
If there is exception III, then execute this block.
except:
If there are no exceptions with the specified name given above, then execute this
block.
Example:
[Wividing two numbers
num=0
while numt=100:
try:
numl=eval (input
num2=eval (input
num3=numi //num2
Print("me quotient tem") numa),
e ei print ("Variable sen
| SRSeRE Namezrror: Print (\varise (rpivision by Zero not defined")
|__except: print("an error has occured")
wenter dividend "))
"enter divisor “))
— epon Handing xen, GY me me Output: _
jenter dividend 25
jenter divisor 5
The quotiont 4e= 5
‘dividend 76
lznter divisor 0
Division by Zero not defined
Enter dividend 78
Enter divisor 5
Ime quotient 4s
Enter dividend b
Variable not present
Enter dividend 34
Enter divisor 2
[me quotient s= 17
[Enter dividend 100
Enter divisor 6
The quotient 4s
15
16
>>>!
Fig. 3.14: try with multiple except blocks
Explanation:
In this program when a user enters 0 as divisor, error "Division by
zero not defined” occurs. When the user enters ‘a’ as the dividend,
error “Variable not present” occurs.
Learning Tip: Any suite of
valid statements can be given
in an except clause,
Method 4: try...except with finally block
The finally block is called clean-up or termination clause because it is executed under al
circumstances, i, a “finally” block is always executed irrespective of whether an exception has
occurred in a try block or not.
In order to implement some sort of action to clean up after executing our code, Python enables us
to do so using the finally clause.
there Is an exception
&a--—— a Computer Science with Python-X!! Syntax:
try:
We do our operations here
except Exception-I:
If there is exception-I, then execute this block.
except Exception-Ii
If there is exception-II, then execute this block.
else:
If there is no exceptions, then execute this block.
finally:
Always executed.
Exampl
[apividing two numbers
nun=0
while num!=100:
try?
numi=eval(input ("Enter dividend "))
num2seval(input ("Enter divisor "))
num3=numi //num2
print("The quotient is= ", num3)
except NameError: print ("Variable not present")
except ZeroDivisionError: print ("Division by Zero not defined")
except: print("an error has occured")
finally: print ("done!!!!")
Output:
Enter dividend 25
Enter divisor 5
The quotient is= 5
ldone!! 1
lenter dividend 18
lznter divisor 0
Division by Zéro not defined
idonet ttt
enter dividend a
variable not present
ldonet 111
lunter dividend 100
lunter divisor 4
lThe quotient is= 25
ldonet ttt
b>oo|
Fig. 3.16: try..except with finally clause
Explanation:
whether exception occurs or not. So done!
== Exception Handling
In this program the print statement given in the finally clause is always executed irrespective of
! gets displayed after every iteration of while loop.
@—i— preerene 1S)iNa DAt)
v
raise allows us to throw an exception manually.
Runtime errors occur during the execution of a program.
Irregular unexpected situations occurring during runtime are called Exceptions.
Exceptions may occur even if the program Is free from all types of errors.
In the try clause, all statements are executed until an exception Is encountered.
except is used to catch and handle the exception(s) that are encountered in the try clause.
else lets us code sections that should run only when no exceptions are encountered in the try clause,
Finoity enables us to execute sections of code that should always run, with or without any previously encounterey
exceptions.
vv
vy
.
vv
OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS
1. Fill in the blanks.
(a) On encountering a ..
are removed by the user.
(b) When a number is divided by 0, error is raised.
© is a Python object that represents an error.
@) . error is raised when a local or global variable is not defined.
(e) The.. block holds the code to be run and checked for any error, if exists.
. error, the interpreter does not execute the program unless these errors
2. State whether the following statements are True or False.
(a) Value€rror occurs due to wrong indentation in a program.
{b) Exception and error are the same objects.
(c) Exceptions are caught using try block.
{d) The order of exception handling in Python is try, followed by except, and then finally.
{e) Catch is a part of exception handling.
3. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
(a) The errors encountered when a user violates the syntax of a programming language while writing a code
are termed as :
(i) Compile time error (ii) Logical error
(iil) Runtime error (iv) Exception
(b) An interrupt or forced disruption that occurs when a program is run or executed is termed 35
(i) Compile time error (ii) Exception
(iii) Runtime error (iv) Logical error
(c)_ Which of the following keywords are not specific to exception handling?
(i) try (i) except (iii) else (iv) finally
(d) Which block is a mandatory block in exception handling process?
() ty (il) except (ili) finally (iv) else
{e) Forced exceptions are indicated using which of the following keywords?
@ ty (li) except (tii) finatty {iv) raise
-
Computer Science with Python-X!
—~i— & AOS
4, Define an exception.
sans, Exception in general refers to some contradictory or unusual situation which can be encountered unexpectedly
while executing 9 Program. Inother words, an exception isan error that happens during execution of a program.
2, How is an exception handled in a Python program?
‘ans, We can handle exceptions using the try...except statement. We basically put our usual statements within
the try-block and put all our error handlers in the except-block. The except block indicates the action to
take when the given type of exception is raised within the corresponding try block. If no exception is raised,
execution owes normally and the except block skipped.
3, How many else clauses can be added into a try...except block?
‘ans. Only one
4, Why finally clause is called as cleanup?
ns. A finally clause is always executed before leaving the try statement, whether an exception has occurred or
not. When an exception has occurred in the try clause and has not been handled by an except clause (or it
has occurred in an except or else clause}, it is re-raised after the finally clause has been executed.
5, How many except clauses can be included in a try block?
‘ans. Any number of except clauses
6. What happens when an abnormal condition happens in a program?
‘Ans, When an abnormal condition to the program flow has been detected, an instance of an exception object is
created. It is then “thrown” or “raised” to code that will catch it.
7. What type of error it will produce when we type:
Result = “Python” + 10
Name the error and error message.
Ans. The error is: TypeError
The error message i
‘an't convert ‘int’ object to str implicitly
What type of error it will produce when we typ:
while True print("Hello world”)
‘Ans. The error is: Syntax€rror: invalid syntax
9, What type of error it will produce when we type:
‘+8
‘Ans. The error is: TypeError
10. What will be the output of the following program?
x,y, a= 5,0,None
print ("a")
try:
print (
a=x/y
print ("c")
except:
print
print
print (a
The output
zy
fea
Ans. 11, What output the Python code shall produce? Justify your answer.
x=5
yoo
print ('A")
try:
print ('B')
A= x/y
print ('C')
except ZeroDivisionError:
print ('F*)
except :
print ('D')
Ans. The code will produce the following output:
A
B
F
Explanation: The statement print ‘A’ will produce A.
The first statement of the try block is print ‘B” and will produce B.
The next line in try block is a = x/y which generates a ZeroDivisionError because, x=5 and y=
has zero as the denominator. So, the try block will follow the except.
ZeroDivisionError: with statement print ‘F’ and will produce F.
12. What will be the output of the following Python code? Explain the try and except used in the code,
FB, Expression
B=6
print ("One")
try:
print ("Two")
X=8/A z
print ('Three')
except ZeroDivisionError:
print (B*2)
print ('Four')
except:
print (b*3)
print ('Five')
Ans. The output is:
one
Two
12
Four
In the given code, all the statements within the t
occurs. If a division expression has zero as the denominator, this causes a Zero
and the except block indicates the action to take when the given type of exception is raised within the
corresponding try block.
13. Explain try..except...else with the help of an example which raises an error when the denominator Is 280
while dividing X by Y and displays the quotient otherwise.
Ans. #Function to demonstrate try...except...else block
x = int (input ("Enter first number: "))
y = int (input ("Enter second number: "))
print ("Two nos .are: ", x,y)
try:
ry-block will be executed smoothly till ZeroDivisionError
isionError to be raised
result = x/y
.
We
A — & A ‘Computer Science with Python-X! y
except ZeroDivisionError:
print ("cannot divide by zer
cise?
print ("The result is:”
")
the above program cod Lael
ram
From ‘ode, the except block indicates the action to be taken when the given type
ception is raised within the cor
of fe corresponding try block. When a division expression has zero as the
Genominator, f-e., Y= 0, then this causes a
deneites only i 0 exception i raised In the s ZeroDtdslontrror to be raised, Otherwise, the else block
ASSERTION AND REASONING BASED QUESTIONS.
wing questions contai
eae contain two statements: Assertion and Reasoning. Each question has four choices—
(a,c (i, s correct. In the light of these statements, choose the most appropriate option-
{Both Aand R are true and Ris the correct tion of A.
{ij Both Aand R are true but Ris not the correct explanation of A.
{ij Ais true but R is false.
{a Ais false but Ris true,
1. assertion (A): Exception handling handles all types of errors and exceptions.
Reasoning (R): Exception handling is responsible for handling anomalous situations during the execution of
3 program.
2. assertion (A): Exception handling code is separate from normal code.
Reasoning (R): Program logic is different while exception handling code uses specific keywords to handle
exceptions.
3. Assertion (A): Exception handling code is clear and block based in Python.
Reasoning (R): The code where unexpected runtime exception may occur is separate from the code where
the action takes place when an exception occurs.
‘4 assertion (A): No matter what exception occurs, you can always make sure that some common action takes
place for all types of exceptions.
Reasoning (R): The finally block contains the code that must execute.
Ans. 1. (i) 2.(i) 3. (1) 4.(i)
UNSOLVED QUESTIONS
+L. What all can be the possible outputs of the following code?
def myfunc (x=None) ?
result =""
if x is None:
result = "No argument given"
elif x == 0:
result = "Zero"
elif 0
