Define cloud computing Definition: Cloud Computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous,

convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g.,
networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released
with minimal management effort or service provider interaction.
Advantages of cloud Computing :- 1. Cost effective 2. Massive resources to consume (infinite
scaling opportunity),3. Low maintenance required,4. Lesser liabilities and commitments,5. Quick
time to value with increased focus on business. Disadvantages:-1. Limited flexibility and
customization (services designed for mass consumption), 2. Vendor lock-in, 3. Increased burden
of security and compliance,4. Lower control on day to day infrastructure operations,5. Requires
high speed network connectivity. Applications:- Analysis, App integration, AR & VR, Aws Cost
management, blockchain, business app, Compute engagement, database, end user computing, iot,
machine learning, robotics.
Evolution of Cloud Computing:- 1)The contemporary concept of "cloud computing" dates back
to the 1950s, when large-scale mainframe computers were made available to schools and
enterprises.2)The massive hardware infrastructure of the mainframe was put in a "server room"
(since the room would generally only be able to hold a single mainframe).3) Multiple users were
able to access the mainframe using "dumb terminals," which were stations dedicated only to
allowing access to the mainframes.4)An enterprise would be unable to afford a mainframe for each
user due to the high expense of purchasing and maintaining mainframes.5)Allowing numerous
users to share access to the same data storage layer and CPU power from any station became
common practice.6) A company would obtain a higher return on its investment in this complex
piece of equipment if it enabled shared mainframe access.7)In the 1970s, IBM launched VM, an
operating system that allowed administrators on its System/370 mainframe computers to run
several virtual systems, or "virtual machines (VMs)," on a single physical node.8)The VM
operating system advanced the 1950s mainframe use of shared access by allowing numerous
unique computing environments to coexist in the same physical environment.9)Most of the core
capabilities of today's virtualization software may be traced back to this early VM OS. 10)Despite
the fact that those resources were shared, each VM ran unique operating systems or guest.
Characteristics of CC :- (1)Resources Pooling, (2) On-Demand Self-Service (3) Easy
Maintenance(4) Scalability and Rapid Elasticity (5) Economical (6) Measured and Reporting
Service (7) Security (8) Automation 9) Resiliency and Availability (10) Large Network Access
Explanation :-1) Resources Pooling:- One of the most important aspects of cloud computing is
resource pooling. Resource pooling means that a cloud service provider may share resources
across several clients, providing them with a unique set of services based on their needs.2)On-
Demand Self-Service :-It is a key and necessary component of cloud computing. It allows the
client to continually check the server's availability, capabilities, and network storage space. This
is a core feature of Cloud Computing, and a customer may also regulate the computing
capabilities based on his demands.(3) Easy Maintenance :It is an essential component of cloud
computing. It enables the client to monitor the server's availability, capabilities, and network
storage capacity on a continuous basis.(4) Scalability and Rapid Elasticity :-Rapid scalability
and Elasticity is a significant feature and benefit of cloud computing. This cloud feature enables
the cost-effective operation of workloads that demand a large number of servers but only for a
short period of time. Benefits:-1)Accessibility anywhere, with any device 2)Ability to get rid of
most or all hardware and software.3)Centralized data security. 4)Higher performance and
availability. 5)Quick application deployment.6)Instant business insights.7)Business
continuity.8)Price-performance and cost savings
Cloud Computing Service Model:- (a) Software as a Service (SaaS) :-The capability provided
to the consumer is to use the provider's applications running on a cloud infrastructure. The
applications are accessible from various client devices through a thin client interface such as a
Web browser. The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure
including network, servers, operating systems, storage, or even individual application
capabilities, with the possible exception of limited user-specific application configuration
settings.(b) Platform as a Service (PaaS):-The capability provided to the consumer is to deploy
onto the cloud infrastructure consumer-created or acquired applications created using
programming languages and tools supported by the provider. The consumer does not manage or
control the underlying cloud infrastructure including network, servers, operating systems, or
storage, but has control over the deployed applications and possibly application hosting
environment configurations.(c) Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) :-The capability provided to
the consumer is to provision processing, storage, networks, and other fundamental computing
resources where the consumer is able to deploy and run arbitrary software, which can include
operating systems and applications. The consumer does not manage or control the underlying
cloud infrastructure but has control over operating systems, storage, deployed applications; and
possibly limited control of select networking components.
Nist Model :- 1)From the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) definition of
cloud computing, "Cloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand
network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources that can be rapidly
provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interactive. 2)NIST
Reference Model of cloud computing is depicted in Fig. 1.4.1 below. The NIST definition lists five
essential characteristics of cloud computing: on-demand self-service, broad network access,
resource pooling, rapid elasticity or expansion, and measured service. 3)It also lists three "service
models" (software, platform and infrastructure), and four "deployment models" (private,
community, public and hybrid) that together categorize ways to deliver cloud services.

Cloud Cube Model :- Cloud Cube Model, designed and developed by Jericho forum helps to
categorize the cloud network based on the four-dimensional factor: Internal/External,
Proprietary/Open, De-Perimeterized Perimeterized, and Insourced/Outsourced.Four Dimensional
Working :-(1) Physical Location of Data: The location of data may be internally or externally to
the organization which ultimately defines the organization's boundary. (2) Ownership: Ownership
may be proprietary or open. It is a measure of not only technology ownership but also its
interoperability, use of data, ease of data-transfer and degree of vendor application lock-in. (3)
Security Range: It is peremeterised or de-peremeterised. It measures whether the operations are
performed inside or outside the security boundary, firewall, etc. (4) Sourcing: It is In-sourcing or
out-sourcing; which defines whether the customer or the service provider provides the service.
CC Deployment Models :- (1) Private clouds :-It is a cloud-based infrastructure utilized by
independent businesses. It gives you more control over your security. The data is protected by a
firewall and can be hosted inside or outside. Private clouds are ideal for enterprises that have
stringent security, management, and availability needs.(2) Public Cloud :-This form of cloud
service is available on a public network. Customers have no say over where the infrastructure is
located. Public cloud deployment strategies are ideal for enterprises with changeable and rising
demands. It is also popular among organizations of all sizes for online applications, email, and
non-sensitive data storage.(3) Community Cloud :-This is a model that is shared by companies
that belong to a certain community, such as banks, government organizations, or commercial firms.
This cloud computing deployment methodology is maintained and hosted internally or by a third-
party provider. (4) Hybrid Cloud :-This approach combines the benefits of both private and public
clouds, yet each may operate Have independently.
Cloud Computing Stack :- "Cloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient,
on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks,
servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with
minimal management effort or service provider interaction. Cloud computing can be described as
a stack that is formed by layers, similar to a cake. Those layers will be built using cloud computing
services, servers, and components, which can leverage several different clouds forming a single
application stack. The network stability and scalability of the stack will determine its resilience
and high availability. SaaS -Software that is made available as a service through the Internet is
known as SaaS. Customers are granted on-demand access to a SaaS app by a provider, either via
subscription or pay-per-use. SaaS can be offered at no charge when there is an opportunity to
generate revenue from streams other than the user, such as from advertisement. SaaS is now widely
used in most organizations, so it's critical that technology purchasers and users comprehend what
it is and when it's appropriate. Characteristics of SaaS :-(1) Access to commercial software over
the web(2) Centralized management of the software(3) Delivering software via a "one to many"
model(4) Users are exempt from managing software updates and fixes.PaaS:-Platform as a service
(PaaS) brings the benefits to the software development world that SaaS brought for applications.
PaaS is defined as a computing platform that enables the quick and easy creation of web
applications without the necessity of buying and maintaining the software and infrastructure
underneath it. PaaS is comparable to SaaS, with the exception that it is a platform for the
development of software that is delivered over the web rather than software that is delivered over
the web. Characteristics of PaaS :-All the different services required to complete the app
development process are provided, including those to develop, test, deploy, host, and support
applications in the same integrated development environment. Tools for building web-based user
interfaces (UIs) that may be used to design, alter, test, and deploy various UI scenarios. The use of
the same development app by numerous concurrent users in a multi-tenant architecture. Software
that has been deployed has built-in scalability, including load balancing and failover. Using shared
standards, integration with databases and web services. IaaS :Servers, storage, networks, and
operating systems are all provided via infrastructure as a service (IaaS), which is an on-demand
service. Clients purchase those resources as a fully outsourced on- demand service rather than
buying servers, software, data center space, or networking hardware.
Characteristics of IaaS :-(1) Resources distributed as a service (2) Allows for dynamic scaling
(3) Has a variable cost, utility pricing model (4) Allows for multiple users on a single piece of
hardware.

Q. Comapare Iaas Paas Saas

Broadband Networks and Internet Architecture:-High speed networking is the core of

utilizing cloud services. Without high-speed networking, your cloud consumption experience
could be extremely poor. The internet is commonly defined as the network of networks. It connects
several networks via interconnection technologies and gives you an experience of worldwide
connectivity. The Internet architecture is based on various protocols such as HTTP and TCP/IP.
Each network follows the protocols and thus can send and receive data packets that are switched
and routed through several points.1. The router processes the request and sends it to the internet
service provider.2. The service provider queries the DNS (Domain Name Server) to obtain the IP
address of the website you desire.3.The DNS server responds with the IP address of the webserver
that can serve the desired website.4. The service provider than sends the request to the webserver's
IP address.5. The webserver examines the request and send the information back to the service
provider.6. The service provider packages that information and sends it back to the router from
where the request came.
Datacentre Technology :-A datacentre is a facility that houses an organisation's computing assets
and resources and stores and transmits dáta. Datacentres are supercritical for delivering business
mission and thus securing and keeping it operational 24x7 is a top priority for organisations. A
data centre's architecture and design can differ significantly based on its operational requirements.
A datacentre built for cloud has different design and architecture decisions to be made than a
datacentre that serves only internal users of your organisation. Let's quickly review some of the
basic building blocks of a datacentre.
Virtualization:- is the process of creating a software-based, or virtual, representation of
something, such as virtual applications, servers, storage and networks. It is the single most
effective way to reduce IT expenses while boosting efficiency and agility for all size of businesses.
Virtualization is probably the most significant technology that is required for delivering the cloud
services. Virtualization allows you to quickly mimic the hardware resources without you having
to wait endlessly to procure the equipment and get it installed and operational. A common analogy
people give for virtualization is that Virtualization is like a school bus. Instead of each parent
driving their kid to school each day in their car with the resulting traffic jams and waste of time
and fuel or having to build lots of extra lanes on the roads, we have the kids ride a big bus that can
effectively carry a lot of people. We save resources like fuel and space on the roads, as well as the
parents' time".
Web technology:- allow you to interact with computing resources and view digital content. For
example, when you use a browser to browse a website or download a file or watch a YouTube
video, there are several underlying constructs that are used to help deliver the content to your
browser. Web technology is composed or various mark-up languages, scripts and programming
languages, communication protocols and Application Programming Interfaces (APIs). Historically
speaking, web technologies have evolved from 1.0 to the current 3.0….Web 1.0:- Read-only
content, Static HTML pages Web 2.0:- Dynamic HTML pages and media User generated content
Web 3.0:- Semantic web - understand natural language, Content personalisation (no more static
content),Artificial Intelligence and data driven user experience.
Cloud Services And Benefits :- The term "cloud services" refers to a wide range of on-demand
services delivered to company and the customer via the internet. These services are intended to
provide easy, low-cost access to applications and resources that do not require internal
infrastructure or hardware. From checking email to collaborating on documents, most employees
use cloud services throughout the workday, whether they're aware of it or not. Cloud services
promote the building of cloud-native applications and the flexibility of working in the cloud. Users
can access cloud services with nothing more than a computer, operating system, and internet
connectivity. Benefits :- Accessibility anywhere with any device, Ability to get rid of most or all
hardware and software, Centralized data security, Higher performance and availability, Quick
application deployment.
Identity Management as a Service (IDaaS) :-Identity and Access Management (IAM) is perhaps
the most crucial element of cloud security. IAM ensures that only authorised entities have access
to the cloud resources and everyone else is denied access.Definition: Identity management as a
Service (IDaaS) provides a cloud based solution for managing identification, authentication and
authorisation capabilities for providing access control over infrastructure resources .Access control
policies typically follow a PARC model.P = Principals (users, groups, programs), A = Actions
(Create, Read, Update, Delete) R Resources (OS, Network, Files, etc.) ,C = Conditions (time of
the day, type of OS, etc.) In cloud environment, you need to ensure that the principals can only
take the desired actions on authorised resources under specific conditions. You need to define IAM
policies for all your cloud resources and the access is granted only if the principal satisfies the
IAM policy for the given resource.
Identity Management lifecycle:- 1. Provision: Provisioning is the mechanism of creating an
identity. This could be when an employee joins the organisation or joins a new project or role
within the same organisation. Typically, the administrators have the privilege of creating an
identity, as desired, following the process established within the organisation. Enrol : Once the
identity is created, it is enrolled in the system where it is designated for use. For example, you can
2.enrol an employee's identity for using with the cloud service provider. The enrolment process
could be manual or automated. 3. Entitle: After the identity is enrolled on the system, it is assigned
roles and permissions within the system. The entitlement is based on the job to be performed by
that identity. You should be careful in this step to ensure that the identity is not over-permissive
and is only allowed the access that is actually required for the job to be done.4. Use : During the
useful lifetime of the identity, it is used as per the entitlements assigned to it. Sometimes, the
entitlement might require update if the nature of job changes during the lifetime of the identity.5.
Deactivate: Once an identity has reached the end of its useful lifetime, it is first deactivated on the
system. It is not immediately deleted because the identity may hold the cryptographic keys or other
important information associated with it that might be required in the near future. In the inactive
state, the identity cannot perform any new functions but can retain the previous information owned
by it.6. Deprovision: Finally, the identity is deleted once it is confirmed that it is no more required.
This step might also require deleting the information that was associated with the identity during
its lifetime or the information be transferred to some other identity for future retention.
Various Benefits Cs Models :-1.Cost-Efficiency:1)Pay-as-you-go pricing: Cloud providers
typically offer flexible pricing models where users pay only for the resources they consume,
reducing capital expenses and allowing for better cost management.2)Economies of scale: Cloud
providers can achieve cost savings through data center optimization and resource sharing, which
are then passed on to customers.2.Scalability:1)Elasticity: Cloud resources can be easily scaled
up or down to accommodate changing workloads, ensuring optimal performance and resource
utilization.2)On-demand resources: Organizations can quickly provision additional resources as
needed, avoiding the need for overprovisioning or costly hardware upgrades.3.Accessibility and
Mobility:1)Anytime, anywhere access: Cloud services are accessible from any device with an
internet connection, enabling remote work, collaboration, and access to data and applications on
the go.2)Cross-device compatibility: Applications and data hosted in the cloud can be accessed
seamlessly across various devices and platforms.4.Reliability and Availability:1)Redundancy
and high availability: Cloud providers typically offer redundant data centers and infrastructure to
ensure service uptime and data protection.2)Service-level agreements (SLAs): Cloud providers
often offer SLAs guaranteeing a certain level of uptime and performance, providing assurance to
customers.5.Security:1)Robust security features: Cloud providers invest heavily in security
measures, including encryption, identity and access management, threat detection, and compliance
certifications.2)Expertise and monitoring: Cloud providers have dedicated security teams and
resources to protect data and infrastructure, often exceeding what individual organizations can
achieve.6.Disaster Recovery and Backup:1)Data redundancy: Cloud services often include
automated backup and data replication, reducing the risk of data loss in the event of hardware
failures or disasters.2)Disaster recovery as a service (DRaaS): Some cloud providers offer
comprehensive disaster recovery solutions, ensuring business continuity in case of
disruptions.7.Flexibility and Innovation:1)Rapid deployment: Cloud services allow for quick
provisioning of resources and applications, enabling faster development and innovation
cycles.2)Access to cutting-edge technologies: Cloud providers frequently introduce new
technologies and services, allowing organizations to stay competitive and leverage the latest
advancements.8.Resource Management and Optimization:1)Centralized control: Cloud
platforms offer tools and dashboards for managing and optimizing resource usage, helping
organizations make data-driven decisions.2)Auto-scaling and resource allocation: Automation
features enable efficient resource management, reducing the need for manual intervention.9.Green
Computing:1)Energy efficiency: Cloud providers often prioritize energy-efficient data centers
and resource utilization, contributing to a reduction in an organization's carbon
footprint.10.Compliance and Governance:1)Compliance support: Cloud providers often offer
tools and resources to help organizations meet industry-specific regulatory requirements and
compliance standards.2)Auditing and monitoring: Cloud services provide robust auditing and
monitoring capabilities, aiding in compliance efforts.
Difference Between Iaas and Saas :-
DIFFERENT CLOUD SERVICES, THEIR CHARACTERISTICS, BENEFITS,AND
APPLICATIONS:-
1)Software as a Service (SaaS):- model provides software application as a service to the end
users. Here, a software that is deployed on a host service and is accessible via Internet. Google
Workforce, Netflix are examples of SaaS applications. Some of the SaaS applications are not
customizable such as Microsoft Office Suite. But Saas provides us Application Programming
Interface (API), which allows the developer to develop a customized application. • Provides
software over the internet. • SaaS vendors provide the applications through the internet and clients
can access them using user interface. • End users can access applications remotely or no need to
install setup of application or software on their machine. Advantages  Universal access 
Scalable  Saves time and money  Updated Disadvantages:- Availability of internet
connection  Security  Performance  Limited Application Characteristic :-(1) SaaS makes
the software available over the Internet. (2) The software applications are maintained by the
vendor.(3) The license to the software may be subscription based or usage based. And it is billed
on recurring basis.(4) All users run the same version of the software.Benefits:- 1)Efficient use of
software license. 2)Centralized management of data 3)platform responsibilities managed by
provider. 4)Model Software tools 5)Multitenant Solutions. Application:- (a) Billing and invoicing
system(b) Customer Relationship Management (CRM) applications (c) Help desk applications (d)
Human Resource (HR) solutions. 2.
2)Platform as a Service (PaaS) :-PaaS provides runtime environment for applications. It also
offers development and deployment tools required to develop applications. It is the computer
platform that provides the facility to use web applications quickly. PaaS has a feature of a point-
and-click tool that allows non-programmers to develop web applications.App-Engine of Google
& Force.com, Windows Azure, AppFog, Openshift, and VMware Cloud Foundry are PaaS
examples. Provides developers with the platform to create, test, run, and deploy web applications.
• Helpful for developers as they can develop coding for simple as well as complex web applications
using the platform provided by PaaS vendors. • In the PaaS model, developers can write the code
for their applications on the runtime environment and deploy it directly to the PaaS layer. • Need
to manage application only not concerned about management of software, hardware or network
infrastructure in which application is running. Advantages:-  Simple and easy  Enhanced
development capabilities  Low cost  Development options for multiple platforms  Fast and
flexible tools Disadvantages :- Security risks  Vendor lock-in  Internal changes
Characteristics:-(1) PaaS provides a development environment that is browser-based. (2) The
developer can use point-and-click tools or an Application Programming Interface to construct
databases and change application code.(3) PaaS provides built-in security, scalability, and web
service interfaces. (4) PaaS provides built-in tools for defining workflow, approval processes, and
business rules.(5) It is easy to integrate PaaS with other applications on the same platform.
Benefits:- (a) Lower administrative overhead (b) Lower total cost of ownership (c) Scalable
solutions (d) More current system software. Applications:-(a) API (Application Programming
Interface) Development and Management (b) Internet of Things (IoT) (c) Agile DevOps and
Development (d) Cloud-native Developments and Cloud Migration(e) Hybrid Cloud Strategies.
Explain Advantages & Disadvantages of Paas: Advantages of Platform as a Service (PaaS):
1.Ease of Development:1)Rapid Development: PaaS abstracts infrastructure management,
allowing developers to focus solely on coding and application logic. This accelerates
development cycles.2.Pre-built Tools and Services: 1)PaaS platforms often come with a variety
of pre-built tools and services for development, such as databases, middleware, and development
frameworks.3.Scalability:1)Auto-Scaling: PaaS platforms can automatically scale applications
based on demand, ensuring that resources are allocated efficiently and cost-
effectively.2)Resource Management: Developers can easily provision additional resources when
needed, avoiding overprovisioning or underutilization.4.Cost-Efficiency:1)Pay-as-You-Go
Pricing: PaaS providers typically offer a pay-as-you-go pricing model, helping organizations
save money by only paying for the resources and services they use.2)Reduced Infrastructure
Costs: Organizations can reduce the costs associated with hardware procurement, maintenance,
and data center management.
Disadvantages of Platform as a Service (PaaS):
1.Limited Control:Vendor Lock-In: Organizations may become dependent on a specific PaaS
provider's proprietary technologies and APIs, making it challenging to migrate to another
platform. Reduced Customization: PaaS platforms may limit customization options, which can
be a drawback for organizations with highly specialized requirements. 2.Performance
Concerns: Resource Sharing: PaaS platforms often share resources among multiple users, which
can lead to performance bottlenecks if not managed properly. Network Latency: The reliance on
cloud infrastructure can introduce network latency, impacting application performance.
3.Security and Privacy: Data Privacy Concerns: Storing sensitive data in a PaaS environment
may raise concerns about data privacy and compliance, especially in regulated industries.
Limited Control Over Security: While PaaS providers offer security features, organizations have
less control over security measures compared to on-premises solutions.
3)Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) :-IaaS provides access to fundamental resources such as
physical machines, virtual machines, virtual storage, etc. Apart from these resources, the IaaS also
offers: Virtual machine disk storage, Virtual local area network (VLANs), Load balancers, IP
addresses, Software packages. All of the above resources are made available to end user via server
virtualization. Moreover, these resources are accessed by the customers as if they own them. In a
word, it is the only layer of the cloud where the customer gets the platform for their organization
to outsource IT infrastructure on a pay-per-use basis. Amazon Web Services EC2, Google Cloud
Engine (GCE) are examples of IaaS. Advantages :-  Saves time and cost  Scalable and flexible
 Access to the resources  Location independence  Pay per use  Focus on business growth
Disadvantages :- Security  Technical problems  Upgrading and maintenance  Dependency
on the internet Characteristics :-(a) IaaS provides virtual machines with pre-installed software.
(b) IaaS provides virtual machines with pre-installed operating systems such as Windows, Linux,
and Solaris.(c) The computing resources can be easily scaled up and down.(d) On-demand
availability of resources.(e) Allows to store copies of particular data at different locations.
Benefits:- Full control of the computing resources through administrative Access to vms , Flexible
and efficient renting of computer hardware, Portability, interoperability with legacy applications.
Applications:- (a) Disaster Recovery (b) Ecommerce (c) IoT, Event Processing, Artificial
Intelligence (AI) (e) Software Development.

4.Network as a Service (NaaS) :-Network-as-a-service (NaaS) is a cloud service model in which

customers rent networking services from cloud providers. NaaS allows customers to operate their
own networks without maintaining their own networking infrastructure. Amazon and Rackspace
are examples of NaaS providers.
Benefits of NaaS :-  Naas technology grants access to virtualized network environment to the
customers. Customers can focus on the growth of their business without worrying about network
infrastructure.  NaaS corresponds to reduced cost. All expensive networking hardware and
software are delivered on the pay-per-use model by NaaS providers.  The NaaS technology is a
boon for business or organizations as it can detect network issues in advance and rectify them
before the customer know about them.  The Naas model provides us with enhanced security and
increased level of uptime.  It also maximizes performance and increases productivity.
Characteristics:-(a) NaaS allows users to access network infrastructure directly.(b) This service
uses the virtualized network infrastructure & provides users & customers with network services
securely.(c) NaaS providers maintain and manage network resources, which decrease the workload
of customers/users. (d) It is also based on the pay-per-use model.(f) It can also replace on-premise
networking hardware such as firewall appliances and load balancers.
Applications: (a) Software-Defined WAN (c) Virtual Private Network (VPN), b) Content
Delivery Network.
5.Identity as a Service (IdaaS) :-Identity as a service (IdaaS) is a cloud-based subscription
model for Identity Access an Management (IAM), where identity and access services are
rendered over the internet by a thir party provider rather than deployed on-premises. IdaaS can
contain a range of services, but typically includes single sign-on (SSO), multi-fact authentication
(MFA) and directory services that provide organizations with simple and cos effective identity
and access management capabilities. SSO typically uses either Security Assertion Markup
Language (SAML) or OpenID Connect (OIDC).IBM IAM, Google Cloud Identity, VMware are
some of the examples of IdaaS provider. Advantages of IdaaS:- • With IdaaS, users have fewer
accounts and passwords to manage and remember. • It provides a central location for managing
all administrative accounts. • There is no need of re-authorization which improves the
productivity of the organization. • It also tackles the problem of forgetting passwords.
Disadvantages :-Dependence on internet connectivity, Limited customization,Security
concerns,Regulatory compliance ,Integration challenges Characteristics:- (b) IdaaS solutions
tend to have more streamlined interfaces, often including set-up wizards so that administrators
can more easily solve less complex administrative use cases.(c) Bridge to existing user
directories for authentication.(d) Integrate with existing web access management (WAM)
products to comply with access policies.(e) Integrate with a diverse mix of non-SaaS enterprise
applications that reside in the company's data centers or hosted in a third-party data center such
as AWS or Microsoft Azure.(f) Provide access management for web, mobile and API
environments.
Benefits :-(a) Reduce costs (b) Better user experiences(c) Increase revenue and customer loyalty
(d) Strengthen security (e) Scalable to meet your needs (f) Risk mitigation. Service Providers:
1.User Authentication 2.User Provisioning and Deprovisioning 3.Multi-Factor Authentication
(MFA) 4.Access Control and Authorization 5.User Self-Service 6.Security and Compliance
7.Integration and Federation 8.Scalability and Flexibility 9.Vendor Services 10. User
Analytics and Insights
6. Database as a Service (DbaaS) :-Database as a service (DbaaS) is a cloud computing managed
service model that enables users to set up, operate, manage and scale with some form of access to
a database without the need for setting it up on physical hardware, installing software, or
configuring it for performance, database management by themselves. It allows users associated
with database activities to access and use a cloud database system without purchasing it. DbaaS is
self-service/ on demand database consumption coupled with automation of operations. DbaaS
provides same function as like standard traditional and relational database models. So, using
DbaaS, organizations can avoid data base configuration, management, upgradation and security.
Amazon SimpleDB, Google Cloud Datastore, MongoDB Atlas are few of the examples of DbaaS.
Characteristics :-(a) You can set up, manage, and administer all your information within the cloud
through a fully managed DbaaS cloud service, including hardware provisioning and backup
services.(b) The DbaaS model makes it easy for database clients from diverse backgrounds to gain
access to information.(c) Provides on demand services.(d) As a result of the resources DbaaS
provides, it delivers a versatile information platform that adapts to the current needs of the
environment.(e) You have a dedicated team of consultants continuously monitoring your
databases.(f) Utilizes existing servers and storage.(g) Monitors and administers information
automatically. Benefits :- (a) High quality of service (b) Faster deployment (c) Resource elasticity
d) Rapid provisioning(e) Business agility (f) Security Applications:-(a) DbaaS is ideal for small
to medium-sized companies without big IT departments. As the DbaaS takes on the financial
burden of hardware and maintenance, smaller teams can build apps that they cannot afford to
support on-premises.(b) Dbaas is also a popular option for teams that want to set up and scale
databases for complex distributed apps. For example, in an IaaS and DbaaS setup, the DbaaS
solution can request resources from the IaaS platform that automatically manages the provisioning,
storing, and networking.