Assignment#1
Assignment#1
Assignment #1
Database Systems
SUBMITTED BY:
HAFIZ MUHAMMAD SAAD
SAP ID:
53180
SUBMITTED TO:
MS. TUBA MANSOOR
Question: Compare and contrast the types of Database Management Systems (DBMS),
discussing their structures, key features, advantages, and disadvantages. Where we use
such database. Real-life example.
Types of Database Management System (DBMS)
➢ Relational DBMS (RDBMS)
➢ Hierarchical DBMS
➢ Object Oriented DBMS (OODBMS)
➢ NoSQL DBMS
➢ Centralized DBMS
➢ Distributed DBMS
➢ Cloud DBMS
➢ Network DBMS
Hierarchical DBMS
Data Structure: Organizes data in a tree-like structure, where each record has a single parent.
Example: IBM's Information Management System, or IMS.
Use Cases: Legacy systems, especially in banking and telecommunications where data needs to be accessed
quickly.
NoSQL DBMS
Data Structure: Non-relational, which might be in key-value stores, document-based, wide-column stores,
or graph databases.
Example: MongoDB (document-based), Redis (key-value), Cassandra (wide-column), Neo4j (graph-based).
Use Cases: Real-time applications, big data, systems with a dynamic structure of data such as social networks
and content management systems.
Centralized DBMS
Data Structure: In the centralized DBMS, all data is stored, processed, and managed within a single server,
and users obtain data from a remote location over the network. It provides centralized control over data management.
Example: Airline Reservation Systems, Early Banking Systems, University Administration
Use Cases: Central control over vital information such as census records.
Distributed DBMS
Data Structure: A Distributed DBMS manages a database that is spread out over more than one place or
node. Each node stocks part of the data, and the system lets the users access and manipulate the data as if it were all in
a single database.
Example: Google Cloud, Amazon DynamoDB.
Use Cases: E-commerce Platforms, Social Media Applications, Telecommunications.
Cloud DBMS
Data Structure: A Cloud DBMS refers to a database management system hosted on cloud infrastructure
allowing users the opportunity to access, manage, and store information over the internet. It can be provided as a service
(DBaaS) and usually supports different types of databases such as relational, NoSQL, and in-memory.
Example: Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Firestore.
Use Cases: Web and mobile applications, Backup and Recovery.
Network DBMS
Data Structure: A network DBMS is a database management system represented through a network model
that takes the shape of nodes and links, thus much more complex than that of the hierarchical model.
Example: IDMS (Integrated Database Management System
Use Cases: Telecommunications, Manufacturing.
Real-Life Examples
RDBMS: Used by banking systems like Wells Fargo and transactional databases for online stores such as
Amazon. [1]
Hierarchical DBMS: IBM's IMS system is still used in some legacy banking applications for fast transaction
processing. [2]
OODBMS: Used for managing complex data models and object relationships in CAD systems as well as other
multimedia applications.
NoSQL: Facebook and Twitter implement the NoSQL database to handle high volumes of unstructured user
data, with real-time processing and updates. [3]
Reference
[1] C. J. Date and H. Darwen, A Guide to the SQL Standard, 4th ed. Reading, MA, USA: Addison-
Wesley, 2000.
[2] S. Gilbert and N. Lynch, “Brewer’s Conjecture and the Feasibility of Consistent, Available,
Partition-tolerant Web Services,” ACM SIGACT News, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 51–59, 2002.
[3] E. Brewer, “Towards Robust Distributed Systems,” in Proceedings of the Annual ACM
Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing, 2000, pp. 7–10.
[4] G. DeCandia et al., “Dynamo: Amazon’s Highly Available Key-value Store,” in Proceedings
of Twenty-First ACM SIGOPS Symposium on Operating Systems Principles, 2007, pp. 205–220.