Monthly Current Affairs Compilation

Aug 2024 - PIB

History
Prime Minister Pays Tributes to Pingali Venkayya and Promotes Har Ghar Tiranga
Movement

In News
Prime Minister Narendra Modi remembered the designer of the national flag and great freedom fighter Pingali
Venkayya on his birth anniversary.

Evolution of Flag
 In 1916, Pingali Venkayya published a booklet titled A National Flag for India, showcasing nearly 30 potential
designs for an Indian flag, influenced by flags from various nations.
 Venkayya's design for the National Flag received approval from Mahatma Gandhi during a Congress meeting
in Vijayawada in 1921.

Original Flag Features:

 The first flag, known as the Swaraj Flag, included two horizontal bands of red and green, symbolizing the
Hindu and Muslim communities, respectively. It also featured a charkha (spinning wheel) representing
Swaraj (self-rule).
 Gandhi suggested adding a white band to symbolize peace.

Modifications and Official Adoption:

 In 1931, the Flag Committee made changes by replacing the red with saffron, placing saffron on top,
followed by white and then green. The charkha was positioned in the center of the white band.
 The colors were chosen to represent qualities rather than communities: saffron for courage and sacrifice,
white for truth and peace, and green for faith and strength. The charkha symbolized the welfare of the
masses.

Post-Independence Changes:
 After India gained independence, a new national flag committee under President Rajendra Prasad replaced
the charkha with the Ashok Chakra.

About Pingali Venkayya

 Venkayya participated in the Second Boer War (1899-1902)
 In 1913, he gave a lecture in Japanese in Bapatla, Andhra Pradesh, known as 'Japan Venkayya.'
 He was also referred to as Patti Venkayya due to his research on Cambodia cotton.
 In 2009, a postage stamp was issued to honor his contributions.

Schemes
Pradhan Mantri JI-VAN Yojana
The Union Cabinet, chaired by the Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi, today approved the modified Pradhan Mantri
JI-VAN Yojana.

Learn Finite © 2024 | All Rights Reserved | www.learnfinite.com PIB Page | 2

 Monthly Current Affairs Compilation
Aug 2024 - PIB

About PM JI-VAN Yojana

 The scheme aims to provide remunerative income to farmers for their agriculture residue, address
environmental pollution, create local employment opportunities, and contribute to India's energy security
and self-reliance.
 It also supports the development of advanced biofuel technologies and promotes the Make in India Mission.
 It also helps in achieving India’s ambitious target for net-zero GHG emissions by 2070.
 The Government of India's commitment to promoting advanced biofuels through the Pradhan Mantri JI-VAN
Yojana reflects its dedication to a sustainable and self-reliant energy sector.

Background:
 The Government has been promoting blending of ethanol in petrol under the Ethanol Blended Petrol (EBP)
Programme wherein Public Sector Oil Marketing Companies (OMCs) sell petrol blended with ethanol.
 Under EBP Programme, the blending of ethanol with petrol increased from 38 crore litres in Ethanol Supply
Year (ESY) 2013-14 to more than 500 crore litres in ESY 2022-23 with corresponding increase in blending
percentage from 1.53% to 12.06%. The blending percentage has touched 15.83% in the month of July, 2024
and cumulative blending percentage has crossed 13% in the ongoing ESY 2023-24.
 OMCs are on course to achieve the 20% blending target by the end of ESY 2025-26. It is estimated that over
1100 crore litres of ethanol will be required during ESY 2025-26 to achieve 20% blending for which 1750
crore litres of ethanol distillation capacity needs to be installed to meet the blending requirement and for
other uses (potable, chemical, pharmaceutical etc.).
 To encourage 2G ethanol capacity in the country and attract investment in this sector, “Pradhan Mantri JI-
VAN (Jaiv Indhan- Vatavaran Anukool fasal awashesh Nivaran) Yojana” was notified on 07.03.2019 for
providing financial assistance to 2G Bio-ethanol projects.
 Under the scheme, the first 2G Ethanol Project set up by Indian Oil Corporation Limited at Panipat, Haryana
has been dedicated to the nation by the Hon’ble Prime Minister on 10th August 2022. The other 2G
commercial projects being set up by BPCL, HPCL and NRL at Bargarh (Odisha), Bathinda (Punjab) and
Numaligarh (Assam) respectively, are also nearing completion.

Clean Plant Programme under Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture

 The Union Cabinet, chaired by the Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi, approved the Clean Plant Programme (CPP) proposed by the
Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare.

Key Benefits of the Clean Plant Programme (CPP):

 Farmers: The CPP will provide access to virus-free, high-quality planting material, leading to increased crop yields and improved
income opportunities.
 Nurseries: Streamlined certification processes and infrastructure support will enable nurseries to efficiently propagate clean planting
material, fostering growth and sustainability.
 Consumers: The initiative will ensure that consumers benefit from superior produce that is free from viruses, enhancing the taste,
appearance, and nutritional value of fruits.
 Exports: By producing higher-quality, disease-free fruits, India will strengthen its position as a leading global exporter, expanding
market opportunities and increasing its share in the international fruit trade.
 The Programme will prioritize affordable access to clean plant material for all farmers, regardless of their landholding size or
socioeconomic status.
 The Programme will actively engage women farmers in its planning and implementation, ensuring their access to resources, training
and decision-making opportunities.

Core Components of the CPP:

 Clean Plant Centers (CPCs): Nine world class state-of-the-art CPCs, equipped with advanced diagnostic therapeutics and tissue
culture labs, will be established across India. These include Grapes (NRC, Pune), Temperate Fruits - Apple, Almond, Walnuts etc.

Learn Finite © 2024 | All Rights Reserved | www.learnfinite.com PIB Page | 3

 Monthly Current Affairs Compilation
Aug 2024 - PIB

(CITH, Srinagar &Mukteshwar), Citrus Fruits (CCRI, Nagpur & CIAH, Bikaner), Mango/Guava/Avacado (IIHR, Bangaluru),
Mango/Guava/Litchi (CISH, Lucknow), Pomegranate (NRC, Sholapur) and Tropical/Sub-Tropical Fruits in Eastern India.These centers
will play a crucial role in producing and maintaining virus-free planting material meant for larger propagation.
 Certification and Legal Framework: A robust certification system will be implemented, supported by a regulatory framework under
the Seeds Act 1966, to ensure thorough accountability and traceability in planting material production and sale.
 Enhanced Infrastructure: Support will be provided to large-scale nurseries for the development of infrastructure, facilitating the
efficient multiplication of clean planting material.

Pradhan Mantri Janjati Adivasi Nyaya Maha Abhiyan

Context
With an aim of reaching out to Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTG) habitations and PVTG families in 194
districts across the country, the Union Ministry of Tribal Affairs is running a nationwide Information, Education and
Communication (IEC) campaign and Beneficiary Saturation Camps for the Pradhan Mantri Janjati Adivasi Nyaya Maha
AbhiyaN (PM-JANMAN), from 23rd August, 2024 till 10th September, 2024.

About PM-JANMAN
 The PM-JANMAN (comprising Central Sector and Centrally Sponsored Schemes) to focus on 11 critical
interventions through 9 Ministries including the Ministry of Tribal Affairs.
 The scheme aims to provide crucial interventions such as permanent housing, road connectivity, piped
water supply, mobile medical units, hostel construction, ‘Anganwadi’ facilities and skill development
centres etc.
 Other than the 11 critical intervention the following intervention of other Ministries will be part of
Mission:
 Ministry of Ayush will set up Ayush Wellness Centre as per existing norms and Ayush facilities will be
extended to PVTG habitations through Mobile Medical Units.
 Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship will facilitate skill and vocational training in PVTG
habitations, multipurpose centres and hostels as per the suitable skills of these communities.

SCs in India
 As per the 2011 census, India has ST population of 10.45 crore, out of which 75 communities are located in
18 States and in the Union Territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands have been categorized as Particularly
Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs).
 PVTGs are a more vulnerable group among tribal groups in India.
 These groups have primitive traits, geographical isolation, low literacy, zero to negative population growth
rate and backwardness.
 They are largely dependent on hunting for food and a pre-agriculture level of technology.
 In 1973, the Dhebar Commission set up a separate category for Primitive Tribal Groups (PTGs).

PM SHRI Schools and Prerana Programme

Recently, the Union Minister of Education interacted with students, teachers, parents of PM SHRI Schools and
alumni of Prerana Programmes.

About PM SHRI Schools

 It is a centrally sponsored scheme by the Government of India.
 Its objective is to establish over 14,500 PM SHRI Schools, overseen by the Central Government, State/UT
Governments, local bodies, as well as Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan (KVS) and Navodaya Vidyalaya Samiti
(NVS).

Learn Finite © 2024 | All Rights Reserved | www.learnfinite.com PIB Page | 4

 Monthly Current Affairs Compilation
Aug 2024 - PIB

 These schools aim to create an inclusive and welcoming atmosphere for every student, ensuring their well-
being and providing a secure and enriching learning environment.
 The goal is to offer a diverse range of learning experiences and ensure access to good physical
infrastructure and appropriate resources for all students.
 The overarching purpose of PM SHRI School is to nurture students in a manner that transforms them into
engaged, productive, and contributing citizens.
 This aligns with the vision of the National Education Policy 2020, striving to build a society characterized by
equity, inclusivity, and pluralism.

Features of PM SHRI Schools:

 These schools will not only focus on enhancing cognitive development but also creating holistic and
well-rounded individuals equipped with key 21st-century skills.
 The pedagogy adopted in these schools will be more experiential, holistic, integrated, play/toy-based
(particularly in the foundational years), inquiry-driven, discovery-oriented, learner-centred, discussion-
based, flexible, and enjoyable.
 The schools will be upgraded with labs, libraries, and art rooms. They will be developed as green
schools with water conservation, waste recycling, energy-efficient infrastructure, and integration of the
organic lifestyle as part of the curriculum.
 The focus will be on the learning outcomes of every child in every grade.
 Assessment at all levels will be based on conceptual understanding and application of knowledge to
real-life situations and will be competency-based.
 A School Quality Assessment Framework (SQAF) is being developed, specifying the key performance
indicators to measure outcomes. A quality evaluation of these schools at regular intervals will be
undertaken to ensure the desired standards
 The duration of the scheme is from 2022-23 to 2026-27, after which it shall be the responsibility of the
States/UTs to continue to maintain the benchmarks achieved by these schools
 The total cost of the project will be Rs 27360 crore spread over a period of 5 years, which includes the
central share of Rs 18128 crores.
 The selection of PM SHRI schools will be done through Challenge Mode, wherein schools compete for
support to become exemplar schools.

About Prerana Programme:

 It was launched in January 2024 by the Union Education Ministry.
 It is driven by a strong commitment to integrate principles of the Indian education system and the
philosophy of value-based education which is a cornerstone of the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020.
 Prerana is a week-long residential program for selected students of class IX to XII.
 It is an experiential and inspirational learning program for students with the best-in-class technology where
heritage meets innovation
 A batch of 20 selected students (10 boys and 10 girls) attend the program every week from various parts of
the country.
 Prerana program is running from a Vernacular School, established in 1888 in Vadnagar, Mehsana District,
Gujarat.
 The curriculum of Prerana School prepared by IIT Gandhi Nagar is rooted in 9 value based themes:
Swabhiman and Vinay, Shaurya and Sahas, Parishram and Samarpan, Karuna and Sewa, Vividhta and Ekta,
Satyanishtha and Shuchita, Navachar and Jigyasa, Shraddha aur Vishwas, Swatantrata and Kartavya.

Learn Finite © 2024 | All Rights Reserved | www.learnfinite.com PIB Page | 5

 Monthly Current Affairs Compilation
Aug 2024 - PIB

Nandini Sahakar Yojana

Recently, the Minister of Cooperation informed the Rajya Sabha about the Nandini Sahakar Scheme.

About Nandini Sahakar Yojana:

 It is aimed at assisting women cooperatives to take up business model based activities under the purview of
the National Cooperative Development Corporation (NCDC).
 It is a women focused framework of financial assistance, project formulation, hand-holding and capacity
development.
 Funding: There is no minimum or maximum limit on financial assistance to projects by women cooperatives.
 NCDC provides 2% interest subvention on its rate of interest on term loan portion for new and innovative
activities.
 1% interest subvention on its rate of interest on term loan portion for all other activities resulting in lower
borrowing costs of women cooperatives.

Eligibility
 Any cooperative society with three months in operation is eligible to apply for assistance which will be in
the form of credit linkage for infrastructure term loan.
 Women cooperatives are those which are registered as women cooperatives under any State / Central
Act or those cooperatives which have minimum 50% women as primary members.

Significance
 The scheme is a framework of assistance to improve socio-economic status of women.
 It supports entrepreneurial dynamism of women through women cooperatives.
 It converges critical inputs of women’s enterprise, business plan formulation, capacity development,
credit and subsidy and interest subvention of other schemes.

National Coastal Mission Scheme

Recently, the Minister of State for Environment, Forest and Climate Change informed the Lok Sabha about the
National Coastal Scheme.

About National Coastal Mission Scheme:

 It was launched in 2014.
 It has been envisaged under the National Action Plan on Climate Change.
 It aims to address impact of climate change on coastal and marine ecosystems, infrastructure and
communities in coastal areas through a combination of adaptation and mitigation measures

It is under the National Coastal Management Program is implemented with the following
components:
 Management Action Plan on Conservation of Mangroves and Coral Reefs
 Research & Development in Marine and Coastal ecosystem
 Sustainable Development of Beaches under Beach Environment & Aesthetic Management Service
 Capacity Building / Outreach Programme of Coastal States/UTs on conservation of marine and coastal
ecosystem including beach cleaning drive.

Learn Finite © 2024 | All Rights Reserved | www.learnfinite.com PIB Page | 6

 Monthly Current Affairs Compilation
Aug 2024 - PIB

 Implementation: The implementing agencies of NCM are the State Governments of Coastal States and
Union Territory (UT) Administrations.

Key facts about National Action Plan on Climate Change

 It was formally launched on June 30th, 2008. The NAPCC identifies measures that promote development
objectives while also yielding co-benefits for addressing climate change effectively.
 There are eight “National Missions” which form the core of the NAPCC. They focus on promoting
understanding of climate change, adaptation and mitigation, energy efficiency and natural resource
conservation.”

The eight missions are:

 National Solar Mission, National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency,National Mission on Sustainable
Habitat, National Water Mission, National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan Ecosystem, National
Mission for a Green India, National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture, National Mission on Strategic
Knowledge for Climate Change.

Advanced Land Navigation System

Recently, Acceptance of Necessity (AoN) was accorded to the procurement of Advanced Land Navigation System
(ALNS) Mk-II for Armoured Fighting Vehicles (AFVs) of the Indian Army.

About Advanced Land Navigation System:

 It is a Ring Laser Gyro (RLG) based navigation system
 It is used for traversing a path defined by the coordinates of a military map in ESM format.
 The system provides Inertial, GPS and Hybrid Navigation data for the navigation requirements.
 The system is spoof-proof with high levels of encryption
 It can be operated in three different modes
 Inertial Mode: In this, systems operate completely on the Inertial Sensor Inputs.
 Hybrid Mode: It takes the inputs from inertial sensor as well as GPS receiver and selects the most
accurate data for calculations of navigational parameters.
 GPS Mode: In this, system is independent of inertial sensor inputs
 ALNS Mk-II is compatible with Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System, NAVigation using Indian
Constellation (IRNSS, NavlC), India in addition to Global Positioning System (GPS) and Global Navigation
Satellite System (GLONASS)
 The ALNS Mk-II offers compatibility with Defence Series Maps resulting in very high accuracy in
navigational applications for AFVs
 This equipment will be procured from Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL), Chennai under Buy [lndian-
Indigenously Designed Developed and Manufactured (lDDM)] category.

National Medical Register (NMR) Portal

The Union Health Minister recently launched the National Medical Register Portal in New Delhi.

About National Medical Register (NMR) Portal

 It is a portal of the National Medical Commission (NMC) for the registration of all MBBS doctors eligible for
registration in India.

Learn Finite © 2024 | All Rights Reserved | www.learnfinite.com PIB Page | 7

 Monthly Current Affairs Compilation
Aug 2024 - PIB

 The NMR is mandated under Section 31 of the NMC Act, 2019, which states that the Ethics and Medical
Registration Board (EMRB) of the NMC shall maintain a National Register in electronic form containing the
name, address, and all recognised qualifications possessed by a licensed medical practitioner
 NMR will be a comprehensive and dynamic database for all allopathic (MBBS) registered doctors in India.
 The uniqueness of the NMR is that it is linked with the Aadhaar ID of the doctors, which ensures the
individual’s authenticity.
 The whole process of registration in NMR is a very simple online process, and all themedical
colleges/institutions (including the Institutes of National Importance (INIs), etc.). State Medical Councils
(SMCs) are interlinked on the portal.
 Some data will be visible to the public and others will only be visible to the EMRB in the NMC, SMCs, the
National Board of Examinations (NBE), and Medical Institutions (including INIs, etc.), and Registered
Medical Practitioners (RMPs) as per the requirements.
 The NMR portal offers a variety of features, including the ability to add additional qualifications, track
applications, suspend licenses, and issue NMR ID cards and digital doctor certificates.

PM-PRANAM
The Union Minister of State for Chemicals and Fertilisers in reply to a question in the Lok Sabha provided
information regarding the PM-PRANAM initiative of the government.

About PM-PRANAM Scheme

 PM-PRANAM stands for PM Programme for Restoration, Awareness, Nourishment and Amelioration of
Mother Earth.
 PM-PRANAM was first announced in the 2023-24 Budget by the Union government.
 The scheme aims to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers by incentivizing states to adopt alternative
fertilizers.

Objective
 Encourage the balanced use of fertilizers in conjunction with biofertilizers and organic fertilizers.
 Reduce the subsidy burden on chemical fertilizers, which was around Rs 2.25 lakh crores in 2022-2023.
 The scheme will be financed by the savings of existing fertilizer subsidies under schemes run by the
Department of Fertilizers, Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers.
 There will be no separate budget for the PM-PRANAM scheme.
 The Centre will provide 50% of the subsidy savings to the states as a grant.
 Out of the grant, 70% can be used to create assets related to the technological adoption of alternative
fertilizers and production units at various levels.
 The remaining 30% can be used to reward and encourage farmers, panchayats, and other
stakeholdersinvolved in fertilizer reduction and awareness generation.

Pradhan Mantri Jan-Dhan Yojana

On August 28, 2024, the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) accomplished a decade, marking a significant
milestone in financial inclusion.

About PMJDY
 PMJDY creates a platform for universal access to banking facilities with at least one basic banking account for
every household, financial literacy, and access to credit, insurance, and pension facilities.

Learn Finite © 2024 | All Rights Reserved | www.learnfinite.com PIB Page | 8

 Monthly Current Affairs Compilation
Aug 2024 - PIB

Features of PMJDY
 It aims to expand banking services through branches and Banking Correspondents (BCs).
 It covers both urban and rural areas and those who open an account would get indigenous Debit Card
(RuPay card).
 There is no requirement to maintain any minimum balance in PMJDY accounts.
 Accident Insurance Cover of Rs.1 lakh (enhanced to Rs. 2 lakh to new PMJDY accounts opened after
28.8.2018) is available with RuPay card issued to the PMJDY account holders.
 It provides an overdraft facility of Rs. 10,000 to every eligible adult
 PMJDY accounts are eligible for Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT), Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana
(PMJJBY), Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana (PMSBY) and Atal Pension Yojana (APY).

Significance
 PMJDY fosters Financial Inclusion (FI), leading to inclusive growth through the provision of affordable
financial services to low-income and disadvantaged segments of the population.
 The Jan Dhan–Aadhaar–Mobile (JAM) architecture has enabled seamless transfer of government benefits to
common citizens' accounts.
 Bringing Savings to Formal Systems: PMJDY has brought the savings of the poor into the formal financial
system, freeing them from usurious money lenders
 Empowering Women: Approximately 55.5% of Jan Dhan accounts belong to women, promoting financial
empowerment.
 Overdraft is available in only one account per household, preferably lady of the household.

Achievements
 More than 50 crore people have been included in the formal banking system through Jan Dhan accounts.
 Approximately 67% of these accounts have been opened in rural and semi-urban areas.
 Around 34 crore RuPay cards have been issued to these accounts, providing ₹2 lakh accident insurance
cover.
 Guinness World Records has acknowledged the PMJDY's success, certifying that the "Most bank accounts
opened in one week as part of the Financial Inclusion Campaign is 18,096,130 and was achieved by the
Department of Financial Services, Government of India."

Streamlining Science and Technology Initiatives

The Union Cabinet has sanctioned the consolidation and continuation of various programs under the Department of
Science and Technology (DST) into three primary components, integrating them into a single central sector scheme
titled 'Vigyan Dhara'.

Vigyan Dhara
 The objective was to focus scientific energies on some specific areas that were key to India’s sustainable
growth and development in the coming decades.
 Implementation of the scheme will strengthen the S&T infrastructure of the country by fostering well-
equipped R&D labs in the Academic Institutions.
 The scheme endeavours to promote research in areas such as basic research with access to the international
mega facilities, translational research in sustainable energy, water, etc. and collaborative research through
international bilateral and multilateral cooperation.
 All the programs proposed under the ‘Vigyan Dhara’ scheme would be aligned with the 5-year goals of DST
towards realising the vision of Viksit Bharat 2047.

Learn Finite © 2024 | All Rights Reserved | www.learnfinite.com PIB Page | 9

 Monthly Current Affairs Compilation
Aug 2024 - PIB

 The research and development component of the scheme will be aligned in line with the Anusandhan
National Research Foundation (ANRF).
 Internships would be arranged for students in the 11th and 12th grades and fellowships for research at the
graduate and postgraduate level.

About DST
 DST acts as the nodal department for organising, coordinating and promoting S&T activities in the country.
 Three central sector umbrella schemes were being implemented by DST towards promoting Science,
Technology and Innovation (STI) in the country:
 Science and Technology (S&T) Institutional and Human Capacity Building,
 Research and Development and
 Innovation, Technology Development and Deployment.
 These three schemes have been merged into the unified scheme ‘Vigyan Dhara’.

Significance
 The merger of the schemes into a single scheme would enhance efficiency in fund utilization and establish
synchronization among the sub-schemes/programs
 It will contribute to building a critical human resource pool to strengthen the science and technology
landscape and expand the R&D base of the country towards improving the Full-Time Equivalent (FTE)
researcher count.
 Focused interventions will be taken up to enhance the participation of women in the field of S&T with the
ultimate goal of bringing gender parity in Science, Technology and Innovation (STI).
 The scheme would reinforce the efforts of the government towards promoting innovations at all levels,
starting from school level to higher education, and for the industries and startups through targeted
interventions.

International Relations
India and US Sign Historic Cultural Property Agreement
The Government of India and the Government of the United States of America signed the first ever 'Cultural
Property Agreement' to prevent and curb the illicit trafficking of antiquities from India to the USA.

About Agreement
 The Cultural Property Agreement (CPA) is aligned with the 1970 UNESCO Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the
Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property, to which both countries are States party.
 The Illicit trafficking of cultural property is a longstanding issue that has affected many cultures and countries throughout history.
 A large number of antiquities have been smuggled out of Bharat before the ratification of 1970 UNESCO Convention, and which are
now housed in various museums, institutions and private collections across the world.
 In 2022, the Government of India and the Government of the United States of America came on one stage to explore the possibility
of strengthening bi-lateral ties under Article 9 of the 1970 UNESCO Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the illicit
Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property.
 In pursuance of these deliberations, Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) India sent a Diplomatic Note to the USA counterpart which
was positively received and responded to by the US counterpart through a diplomatic note on 16th March, 2023 to suggest
procedures for entering into an agreement.
 These steps included the determinations regarding the safeguard of cultural property and international cooperation in the field of
the preservation and safeguarding of archaeological and ethnological materials.

Learn Finite © 2024 | All Rights Reserved | www.learnfinite.com PIB Page | 10

 Monthly Current Affairs Compilation
Aug 2024 - PIB

 The historical, cultural, legal situation and possibilities of cooperation was documented in the Statement of Fact, and various
meetings and discussions were held on approbation by both the parties. During the process an NGO 'Antiquity Coalition' has also
played a vital role.
 The CPA restricts the importation into the United States of certain archaeological material ranging in date from 1.7 million years ago
through 1770 CE and certain ethnological material, which may include categories of civic, religious, and royal architectural material,
religious material and ceremonial items, and manuscripts ranging in date from 2nd century BCE to 1947 CE. The list of such items
restricted for import in the United States of America will be promulgated by the Government of the United States of America. As per
the agreement, the United States of America shall offer to return to India any object or material on the Designate List forfeited to the
Government of the United States of America.
 The Agreement shall be helpful in quick seizure of Indian antiquities at US Customs and their repatriation back to India. It is to be
noted that USA has already executed agreement with countries like -Algeria, Belize, Bolivia, Bulgaria, Cambodia, Chile, China,
Colombia, Costa Rica, Cyprus, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Greece, Guatemala, Honduras, Italy, Jordan, Mali, Morocco, Peru and
Turkey.

Agriculture
Resumption of Tur Dal Imports from Mozambique Following Disruption

India has resumed importing Tur dal (Pigeon pea) from Mozambique following a temporary halt caused by
disruptions from an "anti-India" group.

Current state of pulse import in India

 India imported 4.65 million metric tons of pulses in the fiscal year 2023-24 (up from 2.53 million tons in
2022-23), the highest since 2018-19.
 In value terms, imports of pulses jumped 93% to USD 3.75 billion
 In 2023-24, India imported 7.71 lakh tons of Tur/Pigeon pea, with 2.64 lakh tons (one-third) from
Mozambique. Malawi is also a major supplier of tur to India.
 Mozambique has an MoU with India to supply 2 lakh tons of Tur/Pigeon peas until 2025-26, providing
assured market access. Similarly, an MoU with Malawi ensures an annual supply of 0.50 lakh tons to India.
 Red lentil imports, particularly from Canada, doubled to 1.2 million tons.
 Yellow peas are imported from Russia and Turkey.
 The South Asian nations including India, usually import pulses from Canada, Myanmar, Australia,
Mozambique, and Tanzania.

Pulse production in India

 India is the largest producer (25% of global production), consumer (27% of world consumption) and importer
(14%) of pulses in the world.
 Pulses account for around 20% of the area under food grains and contribute around 7-10% of the total food
grain production in the country.
 Gram is the most dominant pulse having a share of around 40% in the total production followed by
Tur/Arhar at 15 to 20% and Urad/Black Matpe and Moong at around 8-10 % each.
 Though pulses are grown in both Kharif and Rabi seasons, Rabi pulses contribute more than 60% of the total
production
 The top 5 pulses-producing states are Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and
Karnataka.

About Pigeon Pea

 It is a vital legume crop and protein source in India.
 It thrives in tropical and semi-arid regions.

Learn Finite © 2024 | All Rights Reserved | www.learnfinite.com PIB Page | 11

 Monthly Current Affairs Compilation
Aug 2024 - PIB

Climatic Requirements
 Rainfall: Needs 600-650 mm annually, with moist conditions early on and dry conditions during
flowering and pod development.
 Temperature: Grows best at 26°C to 30°C in the rainy season and 17°C to 22°C post-rainy season.
 Soil: Prefers sandy loam or loam, though it can adapt to various soil types
 It is sensitive to low radiation during pod development, leading to poor pod formation if flowering
occurs in monsoon or cloudy conditions.
 Key diseases include Wilt, Sterility Mosaic Disease, Phytophthora Blight, Alternaria Blight, and Powdery
Mildew.
 Top Producer States (2019): Karnataka, Maharashtra, UP

Infrastructure

Green National Highway Corridors Project

The Government of India and the World Bank have recently finalized an agreement to launch the Green National
Highway Corridors Project (GNHCP). This initiative, supported by a USD 500 million loan, aims to develop eco-friendly
highway corridors in Himachal Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, and Andhra Pradesh.

About GNCP
 The project aims to show how highways can be safe and eco-friendly by using green technologies and
focusing on climate resilience. It includes:
 Conservation of natural resources using cement treated sub base/reclaimed asphalt pavement
 Promote use of local/ marginal material such as lime, fly ash and waste plastic
 Use of bio-engineering measures for slope protection like hydroseeding, shotcrete crib wall with vegetation,
bamboo plantation, hedge brush layer etc.
 The scheduled date of completion of the GNHCP project is by May 2026.

Benefits of GNHCP
 Reduce carbon emissions and conservation of natural resources
 Smooth and motorable roads with all weather connectivity
 Socio-economic development as well as enhanced trade and connectivity within the region

Defence
Exercise Udara Shakti
Recently, the Indian Air Force and Royal Malaysian Air Force participated in Exercise Udara Shakti 2024.

About Exercise Udara Shakti

 Udara Shakti is a bilateral air force exercise conducted between India and Malaysia.
 The primary objective of this exercise is to enhance military cooperation, improve mutual understanding,
and share operational expertise.

Learn Finite © 2024 | All Rights Reserved | www.learnfinite.com PIB Page | 12

 Monthly Current Affairs Compilation
Aug 2024 - PIB

Features of the Exercise

 Both India and Malaysia deploy their Sukhoi-30 fighter jets for the exercise, facilitating direct comparison
and operational cooperation.
 A distinctive feature of this initiative is the HOP (Hands-On Participation) Exercise, where pilots from both
nations swap aircraft.
 The Subject Matter Expert Exchange (SMEE) component focuses on sharing knowledge and skills in
aviation and engineering specific to the Sukhoi-30 aircraft.

Sukhoi Su-30MKI
 It is a Multirole combat fighter aircraft.
 Jointly developed by the Sukhoi Design Bureau and Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) specifically for the
Indian Air Force (IAF)
 Design Base: Derived from the Su-30 fighter aircraft
 Features: Equipped with advanced thrust vectoring control and canards to enhance its maneuverability and
combat capabilities.

Exercise Mitra Shakti

The Indian Army and the Sri Lankan Army will kick off their joint exercise, “Mitra Shakti,” at Maduruoya in Sri Lanka’s
Southern Province.

About MITRA Shakti

 MITRA SHAKTI is an annual exercise based on counter insurgency and counter terrorism operations in semi
urban terrain.
 It is the largest bilateral exercise being undertaken by the Sri Lankan Army and it forms a major part of India
and Sri Lanka’s growing defence partnership.
 It is designed for incorporating the current dynamics of UN' peacekeeping operations through tactical
exercises and practical discussions
 India’s other exercise with Sri Lanka - SLINEX (Navy)
 Sri Lanka is an island country in South Asia located in the Indian Ocean, southwest of the Bay of Bengal and
southeast of the Arabian Sea.
 It is separated from the Indian subcontinent by the Gulf of Mannar and the Palk Strait, and shares a
maritime border with India and the Maldives.
 India is Sri Lanka’s 3rd-largest export destination (after US and UK) with over 60% of Sri Lankan exports
benefiting from the India-Sri Lanka FTA.
 Both India and Sri Lanka are part of regional groups like BIMSTEC and SAARC.

First indigenously developed Pollution Control Vessel of ICG, ‘Samudra Pratap’ Launched
The Indian Coast Guard (ICG) launched its first indigenously developed Pollution Control Vessel, ‘Samudra Pratap,’
in Goa.

About Vessel
 The ‘Samudra Pratap,’ named by Smt Neeta Seth, was constructed by GSL to meet the specific needs of the
ICG.
 The vessel has a length of 114.5 meters, a breadth of 16.5 meters, and displaces 4170 tons.
 GSL, a leading Indian shipyard, signed a contract to build two such vessels for the ICG at a cost of Rs 583
crores.

Learn Finite © 2024 | All Rights Reserved | www.learnfinite.com PIB Page | 13

 Monthly Current Affairs Compilation
Aug 2024 - PIB

 This initiative marks the first time these vessels are designed and built indigenously.

Significance
 The launch of ‘Samudra Pratap’ is seen as a testament to India’s advancing shipbuilding capabilities and its
progress towards self-reliance.
 Union Minister of State for Defence Sanjay Seth highlighted that the vessel is 72% self-reliant and is
equipped with advanced technology to combat coastal pollution effectively.
 Valued at ₹2,500 crores, the vessel is expected to play a crucial role in safeguarding India’s maritime
environment and ensuring coastal security.

Maritime Partnership Exercise

Recently, a maritime partnership exercise(MPX) was conducted between India and Russia in St. Petersburg.

About MPX
 The MPX involved a series of complex naval manoeuvers, including communication drills, Search & Rescue
tactics and Replenishment at Sea serials.
 Ships from both navies demonstrated high levels of professionalism and interoperability.
 The Indian Navy remains committed to fostering partnerships with navies across the world.
 The MPX with the Russian Navy reinforces the strong bilateral naval ties, further strengthening our resolve
and commitment towards ensuring enhanced cooperation in the maritime domain.

INS Tabar
 INS Tabar is a stealth frigate constructed for the Indian Navy in Russia, classified as the third vessel of the
Talwar-class frigates.
 Commissioned on 19 April 2004 in Kaliningrad, Russia, it possesses advanced capabilities for handling air,
surface, and sub-surface missions. It can operate independently or as part of a larger naval task force.
 Operational Assignment- This frigate is an integral part of the Indian Navy’s Western Fleet, headquartered in
Mumbai under the Western Naval Command, contributing strategically to India’s maritime defense.

Astra Missile
The Indian Air Force (IAF) has given clearance to the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and
the Bharat Dynamics Limited (BDL) to produce 200 Astra air-to-air missiles for its Su-3O and LCA Tejas fighter
aircraft.

About Astra Missile:

 Astra is a beyond-visual-range (BVR) air-to-air missile designed to be mounted on fighter aircraft.
 It is indigenously developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and
manufactured by Bharat Dynamics Ltd. (BDL) for the Indian Air Force (IAF)
 The missile was built to engage and destroy aerial targets,which have high maneuverability and supersonic
speed.
 The missile is capable of advanced air combat, which allows it to engage in multiple high-performance
targets.
 It is the best in its class of weapon systems in the world in the category of air-to-air missiles.
 The missile is being developed in multiple variants to meet specific requirements.

Features of ASTRA Mk-I

 Astra is 3.6 m long and with a diameter of 178 mm, weighing 154 kg.

Learn Finite © 2024 | All Rights Reserved | www.learnfinite.com PIB Page | 14

 Monthly Current Affairs Compilation
Aug 2024 - PIB

 It has a range of 80 to 110 km in a head-on chase and can travel at 4.5 Mach speed (almost hypersonic).
 The missile uses an inertial guidance system driven by a fibre optic gyroscope with terminal guidance
through active radar homing.
 It offers the pilot the option to choose between “Lock on Before Launch – LOBL” and “Lock on After
Launch – LOAL” and later allows the aircraft to shoot and scoot to safety after firing the missile in the
direction of the target.
 It is based on an advanced solid-fuel ducted ramjet (SFDR) engine technology.
 It is capable of operating under all weather conditions, both day and night, and offers high overall
reliability and a very high ”Single Shot Kill Probability – SSKP”.

Environment & Ecology

Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS)
A two day workshop was held on the “Legal & Regulatory Frameworks and Technical Considerations for Carbon
Capture Utilization and Storage (CCUS)” on 22nd -23rd August 2024 at The Oberoi, New Delhi.

About CCUS
 CCUS is a set of technologies and processes aimed at mitigating carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions generated
from large-scale point sources like power plants, industrial facilities, and refineries
 Objective: The primary goal of CCUS is to prevent CO2 from being released into the atmosphere. It is
considered a crucial strategy for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from industries
 Process: The process involves three main steps:
 Capture: This step involves capturing CO2 emissions at their source before they are released into the air.
 There are various capture technologies, including post-combustion capture, pre-combustion capture, and
oxy-fuel combustion.
 Transport: This step involves moving compressed CO2 by ship or pipeline from the point of capture to the
point of storage.
 Storage: The transported CO2 is stored in underground geological formations which include depleted oil and
gas fields or deep saline aquifers
 Utilization: Once captured, the CO2 can be utilized in various ways rather than being released. This may
include using CO2 in industrial processes, such as manufacturing chemicals or fuels.

Significance
 In its report titled 'Policy Framework and Deployment Mechanism for Carbon Capture, Utilisation, and
Storage in India,' NITI Aayog emphasizes the significance of CCUS as a strategy for reducing emissions.
particularly in hard-to-abate sectors.
 Hard-to-abate industries include categories like steel, cement, and petrochemicals.
 The IPCC emphasizes that the deployment of CCUS technologies is crucial for achieving net zero emissions
globally.

Energy Security:
 The incorporation of CCUS into the energy mix provides flexibility to the energy grid.
 CCUS facilitates low-carbon electricity and hydrogen production. Hydrogen produced through CCUS serves
as a direct substitute for fossil fuels.

Learn Finite © 2024 | All Rights Reserved | www.learnfinite.com PIB Page | 15

 Monthly Current Affairs Compilation
Aug 2024 - PIB

 This diversity enhances energy security, aligning with the growing priorities of governments.

Challenges
High Initial Costs:

 Implementing CCUS on a large scale necessitates significant infrastructure development, including pipelines
for transporting captured CO2 and suitable storage sites. This poses logistical challenges and requires
substantial investments
 Technological Maturity: CCUS technologies are in the initial phases of development and have not yet been
widely deployed. Additionally, there are gaps in knowledge and experience when it comes to implementing
and operating CCUS technologies
 Competition with Renewable Energy: CCUS competes for attention and resources with renewable energy
technologies. Some argue that investments in renewables may offer a more direct and sustainable path to
decarbonisation.
 Absence of Regulatory Framework: The absence of clear and supportive regulatory frameworks can impede
CCUS deployment. Ambiguities in regulations regarding liability, long-term responsibilities, and
environmental standards may hinder investment.
 The economic viability of CCUS projects depends on various factors, including the price of carbon,
government incentives, and the availability of funding.

Industrial Applications of CCUS

 Concrete and Cement Industrial Sectors: In the concrete and cement industry, CCUS technology captures
CO2 emitted during the firing of limestone and clay. The recovered CO2 is then injected into concrete
mixtures can enhance its strength and durability, a process known as carbonation
 Basic Chemicals and Fuel Industrial Sectors: CCUS serves as a source of CO2 for synthetic gas production,
which is essential for the further production of bio-jet fuel, aligning with sustainable aviation fuel initiatives.
 Fine Chemicals Sector: The fine chemicals industry employs CCUS by capturing carbon dioxide (CO2),
blending it with biomass, and subsequently transforming it into oxygenated compounds like high-functional
plastics.

Miscellaneous
First National Space Day
 National Space Day commemorates the groundbreaking success of the Chandrayaan-3 mission, which
achieved the safe landing of the Vikram Lander on the lunar surface on August 23, 2023.
 India’s first National Space Day theme is “Touching Lives while Touching the Moon: India’s Space Saga.”
 Chandrayaan-3 mission accomplished safe and soft-landing of Vikram Lander on the lunar surface on August
23, 2023. With this, India became the fourth country to land on the moon and first to land near the southern
polar region of the moon. The soft-landing was followed by successful deployment of Pragyan Rover.
 The landing site was named as 'Shiv Shakti' point (Statio Shiv Shakti) and August 23 was declared as the
"National Space Day". India will celebrate its maiden National Space Day on August 23, 2024.”

Objectives of Chandrayaan-3
 The primary objective of Chandrayaan-3 is to demonstrate ISRO's capability for a soft landing on the lunar
surface, specifically near the Moon's south pole. The mission aims to achieve the following:

Learn Finite © 2024 | All Rights Reserved | www.learnfinite.com PIB Page | 16

 Monthly Current Affairs Compilation
Aug 2024 - PIB

 Soft Landing: The primary goal is to land the Vikram lander safely on the lunar surface. This is a critical step
in demonstrating ISRO's technological capabilities in controlled descent and landing, which are essential for
future missions, including potential human spaceflight missions.
 Rover Exploration: Once the lander has safely touched down, it will deploy the Pragyan rover. This rover is
designed to traverse the lunar surface, studying the composition of the soil and rocks, analysing the lunar
environment, and sending valuable data back to Earth.
 Scientific Exploration: Chandrayaan-3 will continue the scientific objectives of Chandrayaan-2, focussing on
the study of the lunar surface, seismic activity, and the exosphere. It aims to enhance our understanding of
the Moon's composition, geology, and the presence of water molecules.

Metal-Air Batteries
Researchers from CSIR-CMERI, Durgapur synthesised a cathode material which can be used as catalyst in Metal-air
batteries.

Metal-Air Batteries
 Metal-air batteries function through electrochemical reactions between an "Air Electrode" (cathode) and a
"Metal Electrode" (anode). Common metals used for the anode include lithium, zinc, aluminum, iron, and
sodium, paired with a porous carbon material and a catalyst at the cathode.

Advantages
 Higher Energy Density: These batteries offer greater energy density compared to traditional lithium-ion
batteries.
 Accessibility: Utilizing metals that are readily available in India enhances accessibility and dependence on
local resources.
 Cost-Effectiveness: Local production minimizes the need for imports, thus reducing costs.
 Eco-Friendly: Metal-air batteries are recyclable, posing fewer environmental hazards than their lithium-ion
counterparts.
 Lightweight: The use of lightweight metals like aluminum allows these batteries to provide high energy
density, making them especially suitable for various applications.

Applications
 Large-Scale Energy Storage: Ideal for stationary applications where large amounts of energy storage are
required.
 Transportation: Can be used in electric vehicles due to their high energy efficiency and lighter weight.
 Renewable Energy Systems: Suitable for storing energy generated from renewable sources, aiding in
managing supply and demand fluctuations.

East Timor
Recently, President Horta of Timor-Leste awarded President Droupadi Murmu the Grand-Collar of the Order of
Timor-Leste, recognizing her contributions to public service, education, and women's empowerment.

About East Timor

 Portugal colonised the area in the 18th century, and it remained under their hands until 1975.
 After the Portuguese left, Indonesian troops invaded and conquered East Timor as their 27th province.

Learn Finite © 2024 | All Rights Reserved | www.learnfinite.com PIB Page | 17

 Monthly Current Affairs Compilation
Aug 2024 - PIB

 After a long and brutal war for independence, in which at least 100,000 people died, the East Timorese
voted for independence in a UN-supervised referendum in 1999, but the violence escalated until peace-
keeping forces were permitted to enter.
 In 2002, the United Nations formally recognised the country.
 East Timor has submitted an application to join the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). It is now
classified as an observer.
 The Bayu Undan gas field, East Timor's major revenue source, is scheduled to dry up by 2023, and the
country is now looking to cooperate with corporations like Australia's Santos to convert it into carbon
capture facilities.
 East Timor is made up of the eastern half of Timor Island, with the western half belonging to Indonesia; it
has a land area of 15,000 square kilometres (5,792 square miles) - slightly smaller than Israel – with a
population of 1.3 million people who are mostly Roman Catholic.

Commemorative Stamps
Recently, the department of Posts released a set of commemorative postage stamps to celebrate the Paris Olympics.

Commemorative Stamp
 The commemorative stamp has been designed to capture the spirit of the Olympics, symbolizing unity among nations through sports
and reflecting India's rich sporting heritage.
 This special stamp is now available for purchase online at the e-Post Office (https://www.epostoffice.gov.in/). Collectors and
enthusiasts are encouraged to grab a copy and own a piece of history.

Guidelines for Issuance

 Any citizen of India can propose the issuance of a commemorative stamp.
 Stamps are issued to commemorate milestones like the 100th, 125th, or 150th anniversaries of prominent
institutions or organizations recognized nationally or internationally.
 Individuals commemorated must be of significant historical or cultural importance, and no stamps are
issued for living persons.
 Commemorative stamps for individuals are issued at least ten years posthumously, typically marking
significant death anniversaries such as the 10th, 25th, 50th, or 100th.
 Exceptions may be made for figures in the arts, culture, and music sectors.
 Architectural stamps are issued for buildings or monuments on significant anniversaries if they are
designated heritage sites of national or international significance.
 These stamps are released by the Department of Posts under the Ministry of Communications, ensuring they
are both a tribute and a collector's item, enriching India's philatelic legacy.

Gallantry Awards
As India celebrates its 78th Independence Day, President of India has conferred prestigious gallantry awards on
Armed Forces and Central Armed Police Forces personnel.

Gallantry Awards
 Kirti Chakra: Four awards, including three posthumously. Originally started as Ashoka Chakra Class-II in 1952,
redesigned in 1967. It features a circular silver medal with an embossed Ashoka Chakra, surrounded by a
lotus wreath on a green ribbon with orange stripes. Awarded for notable gallantry not directly involving
combat with the enemy; may be posthumously awarded.
 Shaurya Chakra: Eighteen awards given, four posthumously. Established as Ashoka Chakra Class- III in 1952
and renamed in 1967. The bronze medal displays a central Ashoka Chakra encircled by a lotus wreath. The

Learn Finite © 2024 | All Rights Reserved | www.learnfinite.com PIB Page | 18

 Monthly Current Affairs Compilation
Aug 2024 - PIB

green ribbon is sectioned by three vertical lines. Recipients performing further acts of gallantry can receive
additional Bars.
 Sena Medal (Gallantry): Sixty-three awards, including two posthumous and one Bar for repeated acts of
bravery or exceptional service, primarily awarded to Army personnel.
 Nao Sena Medals: Eleven awards given to Indian Navy personnel for extraordinary courage or commitment
to duty.
 Vayu Sena Medals: Six awards to Air Force personnel for significant acts of courage or dedication to duty,
emphasizing the importance of individual valor
 Mention-in-Despatches: Thirty-nine mentions approved, including a posthumous one for Army Dog Kent,
recognizing significant contributions across various military operations such as Operation Rakshak, Snow
Leopard, Sahayata, Hifazat, Orchid, and Katchal. This honor is given for distinguished service that does not
necessarily reach the threshold for gallantry awards. Recipients and their operations span across various
strategic and humanitarian contexts, reflecting the broad scope of modern military engagements.

Price Monitoring System App

Recently, the Union Minister of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution & New and Renewable Energy
launched the Version 4.0 of Price Monitoring System (PMS) Mobile app.

About Price Monitoring System App:

 Price Monitoring Division (PMD) in the Department of Consumer Affairs is responsible for monitoring prices
of selected essential commodities.
 To improve the quality of price data, the department launched a Mobile App in 2021 - the PMS App - for the
reporting of daily prices by the price reporting centres.
 Source of price data: Retail and wholesale prices of commodities from 550 centers are received daily from
the State Civil Supplies Departments of the respective State Governments through Mobile App developed by
the Department.

Total commodities monitored

 At present the price is monitored for 22 essential commodities (Rice, Wheat, Atta, Gram Dal, Tur (Arhar)
Dal, Urad Dal , Moong Dal, Masur Dal, Sugar, Gur, Groundnut Oil, Mustard Oil, Vanaspati, Sunflower Oil,
Soya Oil, Palm Oil, Tea, Milk, Potato, Onion, Tomato and Salt).
 The newly added 16 items included are Bajra, Jowar, Ragi, Suji (wheat), Maida (wheat), Besan, Ghee,
Butter, Brinjal, Egg, Black Pepper, Coriander, Cumin seed, Red chillies, Turmeric powder and Banana.
 The 38 commodities constitute close to 31% of the total CPI weights as against 26.5% of CPI weights
captured by the 22 commodities.
 Significance: The price data monitored by the Department provides advance inputs for policy decision
for the Government, RBI and analysts regarding the CPI inflation.
Green Tug Transition Program
Recently, the Union Minister of Port Shipping and Waterways officially launched the Standard Operating
Procedure (SOP) for Green Tug Transition Program (GTTP).

About Green Tug Transition Program:

 GTTP was launched on May 22, 2023, is a key initiative under the ‘Panch Karma Sankalp’.

Learn Finite © 2024 | All Rights Reserved | www.learnfinite.com PIB Page | 19

 Monthly Current Affairs Compilation
Aug 2024 - PIB

 It is designed to phase out conventional fuel-based harbour tugs operating in Indian

Major Ports and replace them with green tugs powered by cleaner and more sustainable
alternative fuels.

Implementation phases
 Phase 1 of the GTTP will begin on October 1, 2024, and continue until December 31, 2027.
 During this phase, four Major Ports — Jawaharlal Nehru Port Authority, Deendayal Port
Authority, Paradip Port Authority, and V.O. Chidambaranar Port Authority will procure or
charter at least two green tugs each, based on standardized designs and specifications
issued by the Standing Specification Committee (SSC).
 Nodal Agency: National Centre of Excellence in Green Port & Shipping (NCoEGPS) will act as
the nodal entity for this programme.
 India aims at becoming a ‘Global Hub for Green Ship’ building by 2030 with the launch of
the Green Tug Transition Programme (GTTP).
 ‘Green Hybrid Tugs’ will be powered by Green Hybrid Propulsion systems. These Green
hybrid tugs will subsequently adopt non-fossil fuel solutions like (Methanol, Ammonia, and
Hydrogen).

Kindlins
A recent study of kindlins has revealed a novel pathway to cancer treatment.

About kindlins
 Kindlins are adapter proteins located within cells and are attached to cell membranes in nearly all types of
vertebrate cells.
 Family and Functions: The Kindlin family includes three members: Kindlin 1, Kindlin 2, and Kindlin 3. Each
has unique amino acid sequences and tissue distributions.
 These proteins transmit external mechanical signals into biochemical responses inside the cell. They play a
critical role in converting extracellular signals into intracellular actions by interacting with structural proteins,
receptors, and transcription factors,thereby initiating a cascade of chemical signals.
 Impact of Structural Disruptions: Disruptions in Kindlin proteins can significantly affect mechano-chemical
signaling, which may disrupt the balance of various body systems essential for proper function and survival.
 Mutations and Carcinogens: Kindlins can be mutated by exposure to various chemical and physical
carcinogens, such as nicotine and ultraviolet rays.
 Mutated Kindlins may potentially interfere with the global mechanical homeostasis within cells.

National Film Awards

Recently, the winners of the 70th National Film Awards for 2022 were announced by the Ministry of Information and
Broadcasting.

National Film Awards

 The awards were introduced in 1954 and have been managed by the Directorate of Film Festivals, alongside
the International Film Festival of India and the Indian Panorama, since 1973.
 Awards: Recipients are honored with a Medallion, a monetary reward, and a certificate of merit.
 Eligibility: Entries must be produced in India, and the primary creators (directors and producers) must be
Indian nationals. International co-productions must adhere to specific guidelines.

Learn Finite © 2024 | All Rights Reserved | www.learnfinite.com PIB Page | 20

 Monthly Current Affairs Compilation
Aug 2024 - PIB

 Certification: Films need certification from the Central Board of Film Certification within the calendar year—
between January 1st and December 31st.
 Participation: Annually, over 100 films from various categories are submitted for consideration.

National Geoscience Awards

The President of India will confer the prestigious National Geoscience Awards - 2023 at the Rashtrapati Bhavan
Cultural Centre, New Delhi.

National geosciences Awards

 Initiated in 1966 by the Ministry of Mines, Government of India, these awards were originally known as the
National Mineral Awards until 2009.
 Aimed at celebrating and acknowledging the exceptional contributions of individuals and teams in various
geoscience domains including mineral discovery, exploration, mining technology, and mineral beneficiation,
as well as fundamental and applied geosciences.

Eligibility and Criteria

 Eligibility: Open to any Indian citizen who has made significant contributions to the field of geosciences.

Categories of Awards:
 National Geoscience Award for Lifetime Achievement
 National Geoscience Award
 National Young Geoscientist Award

Significance of the Awards

 These awards serve as a mark of recognition and appreciation for outstanding excellence, commitment, and
innovation in geosciences.
 2023 Update: For the year 2023, the Ministry of Mines has selected 12 awardees, comprising 9 individual
recipients and 3 team awards, following thorough deliberations.

Eri Silk
Recently, the North Eastern Handicrafts and Handlooms Development Corporation (NEHHDC) under the Ministry of
Development of North Eastern Region (DoNER), Govt. of India, has successfully obtained the prestigious Oeko-Tex
certification for its Eri Silk.

Eri Silk
 Unique Production: Eri Silk, recognized globally as the only vegan silk, doesn't involve harming the moth
during silk extraction, as it naturally leaves the cocoon. This unique process marks Eri silk as a symbol of
compassion and ecological awareness within the textile industry.
 Cultivation: Originating from the domesticated Philosamia ricini silkworm, which consumes primarily castor
leaves, Eri Silk is predominantly cultivated in North-Eastern India and Assam, but also found in Bihar, West
Bengal, and Orissa.
 Geographical Indication: Eri Silk has been tagged as a Geographical Indication (GI) product from Assam,
authenticating its origin and methods of production.

Oeko-Tex Certification
 The Oeko-Tex certification, involving stringent testing for harmful substances and environment- friendly
production practices, serves as a crucial endorsement for Eri Silk.

Learn Finite © 2024 | All Rights Reserved | www.learnfinite.com PIB Page | 21

 Monthly Current Affairs Compilation
Aug 2024 - PIB

 Achieving this certification not only reinforces the silk's status as a GI product but also underscores its
authenticity and regional importance.
 This certification is pivotal in expanding Eri Silk’s reach within the global market, enhancing its international
presence and appeal.

Learn Finite © 2024 | All Rights Reserved | www.learnfinite.com PIB Page | 22