TANZANIA HEADS OF ISLAMIC SCHOOLS COUNCIL

FORM SIX INTER ISLAMIC MOCK EXAMINATION

CHEMISTRY 1

132/1 (For both School and Private Candidates)

TIME: 3 HOURS Tuesday, 05th March 2024 p.m.

Instructions

1. This paper consists of sections A and B with a total of ten (10) questions.
2. Answer all questions in section A and two (2) questions from section B.
3. Mathematical tables and non-programmable calculators may be used.
4. Cellular phones and any unauthorized materials are not allowed in the examination room.
5. Write your Examination Number on every page of your answer booklet(s).
6. The following information may be used
(a) Universal gas constant, R = 8.314Jmol-1K-1 or 0.0821 L atm mol-1K-1
(b) Ryberg constant, RH = 1.09678 x 107m-1
(c) Velocity of Light, C=3x108m/s
(d) Mass of electron = 9.11x10-31kg
(e) Planck’s constant, h = 6.63x10-34Js
(f) Atomic masses.
H=1, C=12, O=16, N=14, Na=23, Cl=35.5, K=39, S=32, Cu=63.5, Br=80

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 SECTION A (70 Marks)
Answer all questions

1. (a) (i) Differentiate between an atom and an element as applied in chemistry.

[02 marks]
(ii) Calculate the wavelength of hydrogen atom of mass 1.674x10-27kg moving
at 700cm/s. [03 marks]

(b) Describe the Rutherford’s observation that

(i) The nucleus has a relatively small diameter compared with that of an atom.
(ii) Most of the mass of an atom is concentrated in the nucleus. [02 marks]

(c) Copper has two isotopes, 63Cu and 65Cu. The isotope 63Cu has relative isotopic mass
of 62.9 and 65Cu has a relative isotopic mass of 64.9. If the naturally occurring
copper has a relative atomic mass of 63.5. Calculate the percentage abundance of
each isotope. [03 marks]

2. (a) H2O and H2S both are group VI hydride. Explain why H2O is liquid while H2S is a
gas at room temperature. [02 marks]

(b) The bond length of C-O and C=O are 154nm and 144nm respectively. The oxonion
compound CO32- with structure

O C

has two single bond and one double bond. The x-ray study of the compound CO32-
show all bonds to have 148nm length.
(i) Explain the reason for the bond length observed by x-ray.
(ii) Draw the hybrid structure of CO32- as per x-ray. [04 marks]
(c) What do you understand by the term hybridization. Give one example of compound
undergoing the following hybridization.
(i) dsp3
(ii) sp2
(iii) sp
(iv) sp3 [03 marks]

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3. (a) (i) Use kinetic molecular theory to explain the origin of gas pressure.
(ii) Can the speed of a given molecule in a gas double at constant temperature?
Explain your answer [03 marks]
(b) A sample of tear gas is released in the last row seats in a lecture hall. At the same
time a sample of laughing gas is released in the first row seats. After a time the last
10 rows of students were crying and the first 20 rows of students were laughing. If
the laughing gas is N2O with molar mass of 44. What is the molar mass of the tear
gas? [04 marks]
(c) A volatile organic compound weighs 0.2g. On heating in the victor Meyer’s tube it
displaces 30mls of air at 27oC and 756mmHg atmospheric pressure. Determine the
molecular mass of the compound given that the aqueous tension at 27oC is equal to
26mmHg. [03 marks]
4. (a) (i) Briefly explain the effect of degree of dissociation of solute on boiling
point of solution.
(ii) Derive an expression relating the Vant Hoff factor (i) and degree of
dissociation () [03 marks]
(b) A 1% solution of sodium chloride freezes at -0.604oC. Calculate the degree of
dissociation of the sodium chloride if the molal freezing point depression constant of
water is 1.86oCkg/mol. [04 marks]
(c) Explain how colligative properties are applied in our real life. [03 marks]

5. (a) Define the following terms:

(i) Sublimation energy
(ii) Dissociation energy [02 marks]
(b) The enthalpy of formation of carbon dioxide gas and water are -393.0kJ/mol and

-286.0kJ/mol respectively. Calculate the enthalpy of formation of acetic acid if its

enthalpy of combustion is -867Kj/mol. [04 marks]

(c) When 100cm3 of 1M KOH and 100cm3 of 1M HCl were mixed in a calorimeter,
temperature rose by 6.25k. Given that the heat capacity of the calorimeter was 95J/k
and specific heat capacity of the solution mixture was 4.2J/gK. Calculate the
standard enthalpy of neutralization. [04 marks]
6. (b) Mention four (4) uses of metal carbonates. [02 marks]
(b) Briefly explain why indirect method of preparing metal hydroxide is also called
precipitation method. [02 marks]

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6. (c) In one laboratory experiment dilute nitric acid was added to a green solid V. A blue
solution W and a gas X that forms a white precipitates with lime water were formed.
This was followed by evaporating the blue solution to dryness and heating strongly
in a crucible. The following products were observed to be formed. A black solid Y,
brown fumes of gas Z and a gas that relights a glowing splint.
(i) Identify solids V and Y.
(ii) Identify gases X and Z.

(iii) Write a chemical equation for the reaction between solid V and dilute nitric
acid.
(iv) Write a chemical equation for the formation of solid Y. [06 marks]

7. (a) Outline any four (4) control measures which are useful in minimizing the chemical
pollution of water bodies. [04 marks]
(b) Mention any three (3) major causes of environmental degradation. [03 marks]
(c) Briefly explain three (3) effects of air pollution to living organisms. [03 marks]

SECTION B (30 Marks)

Answer any two (2) questions
8. (a) What do you understand by the following:
(i) Reaction quotient
(ii) Irreversible reaction
(iii) Dynamic equilibrium [03 marks]

(b) When solid silver is added to a solution containing Ag+, Fe2+ and Fe3+ with initial
concentration 0.4M, 0.2M and 0.6M respectively; the following reversible reaction
occurs.
+ 2+ 3+
𝐴𝑔(𝑎𝑞) + 𝐹𝑒(𝑎𝑞) 𝐹𝑒(𝑎𝑞) + 𝐴𝑔(𝑠)

If the kc for this reaction is 5.96 at 25oC. Calculate the equilibrium concentration of
each ion in the equilibrium solution. [04 marks]

(c) The following equilibrium is set up in solution by dissolving cobalt (II) chloride
crystals in water to form pink species [CO (H2O)6]2+ and then adding concentrated
hydrochloride acid until the solution becomes blue.
−
[𝐶𝑂(𝐻2 0)6 ]2+
(𝑎𝑞) + 4𝐶𝑙(𝑎𝑞 )
2−
[𝐶𝑂𝐶𝑙4 ] (𝑎𝑞) + 6𝐻2 𝑂(𝑙)

(i) Does the reaction cease when the solution become blue? Explain.

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 (ii) The forward reaction is endothermic, state and explain colour change
observed by cooling the mixture.
(iii) Mention one way of reversing the change caused by cooling the reaction.

(d) During industrial Haber process hydrogen was introduced with nitrogen gas under
certain unchangeable substance. A form six student witnessed a rapid product with
evolution of gas which has pungent smell.
(i) Suggest the gas produced during the process and its formula. [01mark]
(ii) Suggest and explain the meaning of unchangeable substance during the
process. [01mark]
(iii) State two (2) necessary conditions that may hinder the process.[01 mark]

9. (a) Determine with reason whether the following molecules are aromatic or not.

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

(iv) [04 marks]

(b) Write the structure of the aromatic compounds with the following IUPAC names.

(i) 2, 3-dibromo-5- chloronitrobenzene

(ii) 2, 3, 4, 5-tetrachlorophenol [04 marks]
(c) (i) Discuss the effect of substituents on the reactivity of a enzene ring.

(ii) Two isomeric hydrocaborns P and Q have the molecular formular C9H12, on
oxidation P gives monocarboxylic acid which when heated with excess soda
lime yield benzene. Q is oxidized to give a tricarboxylic acid, which then
undergo nitration to give mononitroderivative. Deduce the structural formula
of P and Q and write all chemical equations for the above information.
[07 marks]
10. (a) Suggest the proper structure of the following compounds:
(i) 2 – chloro -3-methylpentane
(ii) 4-tertbutyl-3-iodoheptane

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 (iii) 1,4-dibromobut-2-ene
(iv) 1-bromo-4-sec-butyl-2-methylbenzene [04 marks]

(b) An unknown compound X has molecular formula C5H8. Suggest the possible
structure of X from the following data:
(i) One mole of X takes up two moles of chlorine.
(ii) Compound X decolourizes a solution of Br2 in CCl4.
(iii) Compound X form no precipitates with ammoniacal silver nitrate.
Write all the reactions involved.

(c) When 1, 2 – dibromodecane was treated with potassium hydroxide in aqueous

ethanol, it yields a mixture of two isomeric compounds of molecular formula
C10H19Br. Each of this compound was converted to dec-1-yne on reaction with
sodium amide. Identify the two isomers and show the chemical reactions taking.

[06 marks]

Wabillah Tawfiiq

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