ATOMS

Why did Rutherford's nuclear model of atom fails ?

• Rutherford was not able to explain the stability of electron
inside the atom.

According to classical electromagnetic theory an accelerated

charge particle emits energy in the form of electromagnetic
waves. So as per this electron should emit energy
continuously and collide with nucleus.

The radius of circular orbit of an electron continuously

decreases as electron spiral inwards. This decrease in radius
will result in change in angular velocity and hence it's
frequency would change continuously because of which
electron would emit a continuous spectrum but in reality line
spectrum is actually observed.
BHOR'S ATOMIC MODEL :

Since classical physics is not sufficient to explain the structure of atom. It was Neil Bohr who
explainec the model of hydrogen atom in 1913 by using the concept of Quantized energy. > Fixed
energy
-

Postulates of Bohr's atomic model :

> Postulate 1: Electron revolves around nucleus in circular orbit and the
necessary centripetal force is provided by the electrostatics force of
attraction between nucleus and electron.
It like atom
Valid only for .

Het Litt-> only one - will be present

' HH
2

q >
-

on their outer shell

Fc Fe
,

,
-

t ce
-
I (single Valance ef.

- Fe
=

H
PyQ .
> Postulate 2: Angular momentum of an electron revolving in a circular
orbit will always be an integral multiple of (h/2n).
(Quantization of angular momentum)
 TIME PERIOD : :
# Frequency
# MOMENTUM:
-

"
E F =
# => RC E
↑
-=
P = Mi
V
· atom
· For particular
PXVI T
R F ! F2 : T = :t Te :

TL
T
As # Angular Frequency (w)
!

W = 2XF
-

for particular atom"

Fix 143
WxF 2 E
I- T

1 : 8 : 27 : R
Ts ! T2 : T3 :
--- -

=
---
TOTAL ENERGY OF -in Ath orbits BARNT :

P-EI-2K-E Energy
for a particular atom > - I fix
> FE = - K-E
* R*
*.

For a particular shell > n

-
Fix 4 only KE is positive .

-13 6 ele
T E=
&
.
.

TrE = P . E + D E
.
=

- ↓ that
-
vesign Indicates
- 2 K E + KE
It =
TE =
-

is bounded to nucleus
-

e-

(stable state) > Least energy.

·

TE . =
- KE

>
- TEX T -
NOTE
R2
TT . E =
- 13 .
62ev
t
12
>
- T-EX M-
n= TE *
K EX
M4 >
,
-
.

-
> PE* .
 Paschenserice
Balmer
. O -

-
M =3
series
.

IR 4 to D
tsD region R2
↑
=2
=

ni
3
=
n2
AE= NC
visible
T 1= 6
region- K Has
.

+
124
Ex +x -
2
Ye
Maz
-2
&
Mel Bracket series
&
C &
n == 4

E
>
>
> < to x
7
*
L n2 = 5
-

7 IR
Lymann region .

-
series
no = f
N
< P-fund Server
o
2 to MI= 5
H2=
12 = 6 to D
UV Region-
Its
Redion .

↑
Humprey Series
.

IR
M= 6 Region .

N2= 7 to x
*
stark effect > electric field
-

Zeeman effect > magnetic field-

-