String Class Methods in Java
String Class Methods in Java
In Java, the String class is marked as final, meaning it cannot be subclassed. Below are some
commonly used methods of the String class, and an example of how to call them:
Common Methods in the String Class:
1. char charAt(int index): Returns the character at the specified index.
2. int length(): Returns the length of the string.
3. boolean equals(Object obj): Compares this string to another object.
4. boolean equalsIgnoreCase(String anotherString): Compares strings ignoring case.
5. String substring(int beginIndex): Returns a substring starting from beginIndex.
6. String substring(int beginIndex, int endIndex): Returns a substring starting from beginIndex and
ending at endIndex - 1.
7. int indexOf(String str): Returns the index of the first occurrence of the specified string.
8. boolean contains(CharSequence s): Returns true if the string contains the specified sequence.
9. String toLowerCase(): Converts all characters to lowercase.
10. String toUpperCase(): Converts all characters to uppercase.
11. String trim(): Removes leading and trailing whitespaces.
12. boolean isEmpty(): Returns true if the string has a length of 0.
13. String replace(CharSequence target, CharSequence replacement): Replaces all occurrences of
target with replacement.
14. String[] split(String regex): Splits the string using the given regular expression.
Example:
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Create a string object
String str = "Hello, World!";
// Accessing methods of the final String class
System.out.println("Character at index 1: " + str.charAt(1)); // 'e'
System.out.println("Length of string: " + str.length()); // 13
System.out.println("Substring from index 7: " + str.substring(7)); // "World!"
System.out.println("Does the string contain 'World': " + str.contains("World")); // true
System.out.println("Convert to lowercase: " + str.toLowerCase()); // "hello, world!"
System.out.println("Convert to uppercase: " + str.toUpperCase()); // "HELLO, WORLD!"
System.out.println("Trimmed string: " + str.trim()); // "Hello, World!"
System.out.println("Replace 'World' with 'Java': " + str.replace("World", "Java")); // "Hello,
Java!"
}
String Class Methods in Java: substring()
In Java, the substring() method is part of the String class and is used to extract a portion of a string.
Two Variants of substring() Method:
1. String substring(int beginIndex):
- This method returns a new string that starts from the specified beginIndex and goes to the end of
the original string.
- Parameters:
- beginIndex: the starting index (inclusive).
- Returns: A new substring starting from the specified index to the end.
- Throws: IndexOutOfBoundsException if beginIndex is negative or larger than the length of the
string.
Example:
String str = "Hello, World!";
String result = str.substring(7); // Output: "World!"
2. String substring(int beginIndex, int endIndex):
- This method returns a new string that starts from the specified beginIndex and ends just before
the specified endIndex.
- Parameters:
- beginIndex: the starting index (inclusive).
- endIndex: the ending index (exclusive).
- Returns: A new substring starting from beginIndex and ending at endIndex - 1.
- Throws:
- IndexOutOfBoundsException if beginIndex or endIndex are negative, if beginIndex is greater
than endIndex, or if endIndex is larger than the length of the string.
Example:
String str = "Hello, World!";
String result = str.substring(7, 12); // Output: "World"
Important Notes:
- Zero-based Indexing: String indices in Java start at 0. For example, in "Hello", 'H' is at index 0, 'e'
is at 1, and so on.
- Immutability: Strings are immutable, so the substring() method creates a new string rather than
modifying the original string.
- Efficiency: Internally, for performance reasons, the substring shares the character array of the
original string until Java 6. From Java 7 onward, a new character array is created to avoid potential
memory leaks.
Example Program:
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String str = "Hello, World!";
// Substring from index 7 to the end
String sub1 = str.substring(7);
System.out.println("Substring (7 to end): " + sub1); // Output: "World!"
// Substring from index 7 to 12
String sub2 = str.substring(7, 12);
System.out.println("Substring (7 to 12): " + sub2); // Output: "World"
Summary:
- substring(int beginIndex): Returns a substring from the beginIndex to the end of the string.
- substring(int beginIndex, int endIndex): Returns a substring from the beginIndex to endIndex - 1.
Both methods are used to extract parts of a string based on the given indices.
