Midterm #1 Psych 133 Fall 2024

October 2 FORM B Professor Matthew Walker

Psych 133 Fall 2024

Professor Matthew Walker

Midterm #1
October 2, 2024

Before you begin: Please complete the following information below and also on your bubble sheet:

Name______________________________
SSID______________________________
Form (A, B, or C) _______________________
Discussion Section Day/Time_______________________
*Section numbers:
101: Monday, 8am – 9am (Isaac Frimpong)
102: Monday, 9am – 10am (Isaac Frimpong)
103: Monday, 10am – 11am (Isaac Frimpong)
104: Tuesday, 8am – 9am Keira Vianney Beltran Murillo)
105: Tuesday, 9am -10am (Meryum Syeda)
106: Tuesday, 10am – 11am (Meryum Syeda)
107: Friday, 12pm – 1pm (Gillian Ozawa)
108: Friday, 1pm – 2pm (Gillian Ozawa)
109: Friday, 2pm – 3pm (Gillian Ozawa)
110: Wednesday 8am – 9am (Yaqi Ji)
111: Wednesday 9am – 10am (Yaqi Ji)
112: Wednesday 10am – 11am (Yaqi Ji)
113: Thursday, 3pm – 4pm (Meryum Syeda)
114: Friday, 4pm – 5pm (Keira Vianney Beltran Murillo)
115: Friday, 5pm – 6pm (Keira Vianney Beltran Murillo)

This exam consists of 30 multiple-choice questions. Please choose the best answer for each of the following
questions. Do not turn the page until you are instructed to do so.
Midterm #1 Psych 133 Fall 2024
October 2 FORM B Professor Matthew Walker

1. Which area of the brain secretes melatonin?

A. Pineal gland
B. Suprachiasmatic nucleus
C. Hippocampus
D. Amygdala

2. Which stage of sleep is characterized by the initial appearance of sleep spindles?

A. Stage 4
B. Stage 3
C. Stage 2
D. REM

3. __________ sleep occurs more often in the early part of the night, while __________ sleep occurs more
often during the later part of the night.
A. SWS (slow-wave sleep), REM
B. Stage 1, Stage 4
C. Bihemispheric, unihemispheric
D. Stage 2, Stage 3

4. Electrooculography (EOG) measures:

A. Pupil dilation within the eyes
B. Muscle electrical activity
C. Movements of the eyes
D. Changes in slow-wave sleep

5. During REM sleep, areas of the brain involved in __________ show LESS activity relative to
NREM/wake, while areas involved in __________ show MORE activity.
A. Emotional memory; movement and hearing
B. Logical reasoning; emotion and memory
C. Vision and touch; logical reasoning
D. Movement; logical reasoning

6. What neurochemical contributes to an increase in Process-S the longer you are awake?
A. Adenosine
B. Noradrenaline
C. Melatonin
D. Caffeine
Midterm #1 Psych 133 Fall 2024
October 2 FORM B Professor Matthew Walker

7. In the study comparing flight crews with short vs. long recovery times after transmeridian flights,
how did their brain volume and/or cognitive performance change?
A. Short recovery crew had slower reaction times but higher task accuracy compared to long
recovery crew.
B. Short recovery crew had slower reaction times and lower task accuracy compared to long
recovery crew.
C. Short recovery crew had larger right temporal volume compared to long recovery crew.
D. Both B and C

8. Which of the following generates our master 24-hour circadian rhythm?

A. The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)
B. The pineal gland
C. Melanin
D. All of the above

9. A “zeitgeber” is a ____________, and ____________ is an example of a zeitgeber.

A. term describing a stimulus that resets the circadian system; food
B. term describing a stimulus that resets the circadian system; adenosine
C. hormone secreted by the pineal gland; light
D. hormone secreted by the pineal gland; napping

10. At what point in the diagram below is sleep most likely to occur?
A. Point A
B. Point B
C. Point C
D. Point D

11. Where in the brain do the three neurotransmitter systems controlling wake, NREM and REM
originate?
A. The amygdala
B. The cortex
C. The thalamus
D. The brainstem
Midterm #1 Psych 133 Fall 2024
October 2 FORM B Professor Matthew Walker

12. Where is the sensory gate located?

A. Box A
B. Box B
C. Box C
D. None of the above

13. What is one function of unihemispheric sleep?

A. Allows the animal to maintain automatic control of metabolism
B. Allows the animal to remain partially aware of their surroundings
C. Allows the animal to dream safely
D. None of the above

14. What sleep stage is associated with ponto-geniculo-occipital (PGO) waves?

A. REM sleep
B. SWS (Slow-wave sleep)
C. Stage 2 sleep
D. Quiet rest

15. Which of the following is a characteristic of REM sleep?

A. Slow rolling eye movements
B. Horizontal eye movements
C. Elevated muscle tone
D. Synchronized brain waves

16. In an experiment by Seehagen and colleagues, infants who took a nap immediately following a
puppet demonstration remembered more of the puppet’s actions _______________, compared to
infants who did not nap?
A. Years later
B. Four weeks later
C. Five days later
D. 24 hours later
Midterm #1 Psych 133 Fall 2024
October 2 FORM B Professor Matthew Walker

17. What sleep stage, with synchronous brain activity, low muscle tone and no eye movements, is
shown below?

A. REM sleep
B. Stage 2 sleep
C. SWS (Slow-wave sleep)
D. Stage 1 sleep

18. Biphasic sleep refers to the phenomenon of:

A. Being able to sleep while either lying down or standing up
B. Undergoing both NREM and REM sleep at the same time
C. Sleeping twice within a 24 hour period
D. The ability to sleep with one brain hemisphere at a time

19. Honeybees are known to display which features of sleep:

A. Unresponsive to the environment, but this is reversible
B. Unihemispheric sleep during NREM for maintaining body temperature
C. Rapid alterations in heart rate with eye movements
D. All of the above

20. During REM sleep, the brain has high concentrations of ___________________.
A. Serotonin
B. Acetylcholine
C. Noradrenaline
D. Both a and b
Midterm #1 Psych 133 Fall 2024
October 2 FORM B Professor Matthew Walker

21. What part of the brain is considered the “sensory gate”, or the “awareness switch”?
A. Amygdala
B. Thalamus
C. Brainstem
D. Cortex

22. What unusual method did Thomas Edison employ to gain insight from his sleep?
A. Drank coffee so he could be awake during the most creative part of the night
B. Practiced an “early to bed, early to rise” philosophy
C. Napped while clutching steel ball-bearings that would wake him when released
D. Slept with his feet propped up to increase blood flow to the head

23. The hypnogram below shows an eight-hour night with multiple awakenings, and very little deep
NREM SWS. This sleep recording was most likely measured from a:
A. 7 year old child
B. 75 year old adult
C. 20 year old adult
D. Infant

24. What is a brain-based explanation for why dreams are often irrational?
A. The lateral prefrontal cortex is de-activated
B. Too much activity in the amygdala
C. Bursts of EOG activity create meaningless images
D. Only the primitive part of the brainstem is active during dreaming

25. In what ways does sleep change from childhood into old age?
A. Decreasing REM, increasing SWS, and more night awakenings with age
B. Decreasing REM, decreasing SWS, and more night awakenings with age
C. Increasing REM, decreasing SWS, and more night awakenings with age
D. Decreasing REM, decreasing SWS, and less night awakenings with age
Midterm #1 Psych 133 Fall 2024
October 2 FORM B Professor Matthew Walker

26. Humans typically have a NREM-REM sleep cycle of approximately:

A. 90 minutes
B. 8 hours
C. 60 minutes
D. 24 hours

27. Kleitman and Richardson’s six-week stay in Mammoth Cave demonstrated:

A. Circadian rhythms regulate uric volume
B. Human circadian clock can generate rhythm without external light cues
C. Sleep/wake rhythms are dependent on natural light
D. Sleep staging deteriorates with absence of natural light

28. What are the three major components of polysomnography?

A. Electroencephalogram (EEG), electrooculogram (EOG), and electromyogram (EMG)
B. Electrooculogram (EOG), electrocardiogram (ECG), and electromyogram (EMG)
C. Electrooculogram (EOG), actigraphy, sleep diaries
D. Electroencephalogram (EEG), actigraphy, sleep diaries

29. Which of the following is FALSE regarding the relationship between naps and memory?
A. In middle school students, napping after a lecture improves retention of the material
several days later.
B. In preschoolers, greater amount of REM sleep during a nap predicts better memory for
information learned before the nap.
C. Napping after learning improves memory performance in infants.
D. Napping improves memory for people of all ages, not just children.

30. In the Number Reduction Task, subjects had to apply two simple rules to transform a string of
numbers to determine a final unknown digit solution. Compared to wakefulness, subjects who
slept after initial training:
A. Learned the simple rules faster.
B. Remembered more of the digit strings from the training session.
C. Were faster at applying the simple rules.
D. Gained insight into hidden ‘short-cut’ rules.