Le Viet Thuat
Le Viet Thuat
Le Viet Thuat
LỚP 12
Đề chính thức NĂM HỌC 2022 - 2023
Môn thi: TIẾNG ANH
Part 3. Read the following passage and choose the correct answer to each of the questions.
Ancient Rome and Greece
There is a quality of cohesiveness about the Roman world that applied neither to Greece nor perhaps to any
other civilization, ancient or modern. Like the stone of Roman wall, which were held together both by the
regularity of the design and by that peculiarly powerful Roman cement, so the various parts of the Roman
realm were bonded into a massive, monolithic entity by physical, organizational, and psychological
controls. The physical bonds included the network of military garrisons, which were stationed in every
province, and the network of stone-built roads that linked the provinces with Rome. The organizational
bonds were based on the common principles of law and administration and on the universal army of
officials who enforced common standards of conduct. The psychological controls were built on fear and
punishment on the absolute certainty that anyone or anything that threatened the authority of Rome would
be utterly destroyed.
The source of Roman obsession with unity and cohesion may well have lain in the pattern of Rome’s early
development. Whereas Greece had grown from scores of scattered cities, Rome grew from one single
organism. While the Greek world had expanded along the Mediterranean seas lanes, the Roman world was
assembled by territorial conquest. Of course, the contrast is not quite so stark: in Alexander the Great the
Greeks had found the greatest territorial conqueror of all time; and the Romans, once they moved outside
Italy, did not fail to learn the lessons of sea power. Yet the essential difference is undeniable. The key to
the Greek world lay in its high-powered ships; the key to Roman power lay in its marching legions. The
Greeks were wedded to the sea; the Romans, to the land. The Greek was a sailor at heart; the Roman, a
landsman.
Certainly, in trying to explain the Roman phenomenon, one would have to place great emphasis on this
almost instinct for the territorial imperative. Roman priorities lay in the organization, exploitation, and
Rome’s debt to Greece was enormous. The Romans adopted Greek religion and moral philosophy. In
literature, Greek writers were consciously used as models by their Latin successors. It was absolutely
accepted that an educated Roman should be fluent in Greek. In speculative philosophy and the sciences,
the Romans made virtually no advance on early achievements.
Yet it would be wrong to suggest that Rome was somehow a junior partner in Greco-Roman civilization.
The Roman genius was projected into new spheres especially into those of law, military organization,
administration, and engineering. Moreover, the tensions that arose within the Roman state produced
literary and artistic sensibilities of the highest order. It was no accident that many leading Roman soldiers
and statesmen were writers of high caliber.
Questions:
31. According to paragraph 1, all of the following are controls that held together the Roman world
EXCEPT
A. administrative and legal systems B. the presence of the military
C. a common language D. transportation networks
32. The phrase “obsession with” in the passage is closest in meaning to ______
A. thinking about B. fixation on C. interest in D. attitude toward
33. According to paragraph 2, which of the following was NOT characteristic of Rome’s early
development?
A. Expansion by sea invasion B. Territorial expansion
C. Expansion from one original settlement D. Expansion through invading armies
34. Why does the author mention “Alexander the Great” in the passage?
A. To acknowledge that Greek civilization also expanded by land conquest
B. To compare Greek leaders to Roman leaders
C. To give an example of Greek leader whom Romans studied
D. To indicate the superior organization of the Greek military
35. The word “fostered” in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. accepted B. combined C. introduced D. encouraged
36. Paragraph 3 suggests which of the following about the people of Latium?
A. Their economy was based on trade relations with other settlements.
B. They held different values than the people of Rome.
C. Agriculture played a significant role in the society.
D. They possessed unusual knowledge of animal instincts.
37. In paragraph 4, the author develops a description of Roman civilization by _______
A. comparing the opinions of Roman intellectuals to Greek intellectuals
B. identifying which characteristics of Roman civilization were copied from Greece
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C. explaining how the differences between Roman and Greece developed as time passed
D. contrasting characteristics of Roman civilization with characteristics of Greek civilization
38. According to paragraph 4, intellectual Romans such as Horace held which of the following opinions
about their civilization?
A. Ancient works of Greece held little value in the Roman world.
B. The Greek civilization had been surpassed by the Romans.
C. Roman civilization produced little that was original or memorable.
D. Romans valued certain types of innovations that had been ignored by ancient Greeks.
39. The word “spheres” in the passage is closest in meaning to _______
A. abilities B. areas C. combinations D. models
40. Which of the following statements about leading Roman soldiers and statesmen is supported by
paragraphs 5 and 6?
A. They could read and write the Greek language.
B. They frequently wrote poetry and plays.
C. They focused their writing on military matters.
D. They wrote according to the philosophical laws of the Greeks.
Part 4. The reading passage has five paragraphs, A-E. Choose the correct heading for paragraphs A-
E from the list of headings below.
List of Headings
i New developments in sunglasses lenses
ii The use of sunglasses in early courts
iii How the physical shape of early sunglasses developed
iv The introduction of sidepieces on sunglasses
v The origins and early history of sunglasses
vi Ways in which sunglasses have become trendy
vii The arrival of modern sunglasses
viii Advertising campaigns for sunglasses
Your answers:
41. Section A _____ 43. Section C _____ 45. Section E _____
42. Section B _____ 44. Section D _____
For questions 46-50, decide whether the following statements agree with the information given in the
reading passage. Write in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
YES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer.
NO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer.
NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this.
46. The earliest reference to sunglasses can be found in early Roman times.
47. Early Chinese sunglasses were worn to correct the wearer's eyesight.
48. The work of James Ayscough had a profound effect on the development of modern lenses.
49. Prior to 1730, sidepieces on glasses were made of many different materials.
50. Sam Foster's sunglasses were the first to be made for a mass market.
SECTION D. WRITING (60 points)
Part 1. Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning as the first one. Use the word
given in capital letters and the word mustn’t be altered in any way.
1. You shouldn’t have bought presents for all of us. EXPENSE
You shouldn’t have __________________________________________ buying presents for all of us.
Part 1: Read the passage and choose the best answer. Write A, B, C or D in the box given.
You Must Remember This…
Sometimes you might feel that if you had a perfect memory, all your problems with learning would be
solved. You would be able to (1)__________ through exams without much revision. You would never
again (2)__________ the embarrassment of forgetting someone’s name. But imagine, for a moment, not
forgetting anything – not even last year’s shopping (3)__________. You would be (4)__________ with
information.
With hard work you can recall the parts of a verb or the layout of a town as you need them, so that you can
learn a foreign language or (5)__________ a taxi driver’s license. But the memory (6)__________ called
for by some professions are only one of the roles memory plays in our lives. Memory covers a
(7)__________ range of actions and needs. What we (8)__________ about the brain is far from complete,
so philosophers and scientists find it difficult to be (9)__________ about the nature of memory.
Remembering and forgetting can be understood in many different (10)__________ but broadly, three
distinct classes of memory have been established personal, cognitive and habit memory.
Personal memories are those acts of remembering which (11)__________ specifically to each person’s life
history. If you say, “I remember the first time I travelled by train”, you will probably have an image in
your mind of the (12)__________ and be able to describe things in it. Cognitive memory helps us learn, for
example, stories, a speech or a (13)__________ of music. Habit memory (14)__________ those abilities
needed to perform actions such as typing or driving. All these actions must be learned but once they have
been, you will rarely remember anything (15)__________ as you perform them.
1. A. sail B. walk C. run D. float
2. A. encounter B. face C. realize D. accept
3. A. receipts B. notes C. lists D. bills
4. A. overweight B. stuffed C. burdened D. overloaded
5. A. win B. gain C. earn D. award
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