Catálogo Oracle

Catálogo
Esquema: un conjunto de estructuras de datos lógicas (objetos del esquema), propiedad de un usuario
Un esquema contiene, entre otros, los objetos siguientes:
 tablas
 vistas
 índices
 secuencias
 disparadores
 sinónimos
 clusters
Referenciar un nombre de un objeto del esquema: user1.tabla1
El catálogo de Oracle: diccionario de datos (tablas base y vistas)
Los usuarios acceden a las vistas del catálogo:
 USER Lo que el usuario ha creado, o sea, lo que está en su esquema.
 ALL A lo que el usuario tiene acceso, esto es, lo que ha creado y a lo que le han otorgado acceso.
 DBA A lo que el DBA puede acceder, (a lo que todos los usuarios pueden acceder).
Dictionary (catálogo)
 Vista DICTIONARY (sinónimo DICT)
Nombre ¿Nulo? Tipo
----------------------------------- ------ ----------
TABLE_NAME VARCHAR2(30)
COMMENTS VARCHAR2(4000)
 Objects
{DBA|ALL|USER}_OBJECTS (Vista) selección de algunas columnas
Column Datatype Description
OWNER VARCHAR2(128) Owner of the OBJECTS definition.
OBJECT_NAME VARCHAR2(128) Name associated with the OBJECTS definition.
OBJECT_TYPE VARCHAR2(128) Type of the object: TABLE, VIEW, INDEX,
SEQUENCE, SYNONYM.
CREATED DATE Timestamp for the creation of the OBJECTS.
STATUS VARCHAR2(128) Status of the OBJECTS: VALID, INVALID, or N/A
(always valid).
 Catalog
{DBA|ALL|USER}_CATALOG (Vista)

Column Datatype Description

OWNER VARCHAR2(30) Owner of the INDEX, TABLE, CLUSTER, VIEW, SYNONYM, SEQUENCE

TABLE_NAME VARCHAR2(30) Name of the INDEX, TABLE, CLUSTER, VIEW, SYNONYM, SEQUENCE

TABLE_TYPE VARCHAR2(11) Type of the INDEX, TABLE, CLUSTER, VIEW, SYNONYM, SEQUENCE
 Tables
{DBA|ALL|USER}_TABLES (vista) Selección de algunas columnas
Column Datatype Description
OWNER VARCHAR2(128) User name of the owner of the table.
TABLE_NAME VARCHAR2(128) Name of the table.
TABLESPACE_NAME VARCHAR2(128) Name of the tablespace.
CLUSTER_NAME* VARCHAR2(128) Name of the cluster, if any, to which the table belongs.
PCT_FREE* NUMBER(10) Minimum percentage of free space in a block.
PCT_USED* NUMBER(10) Minimum percentage of used space in a block.
INI_TRANS* NUMBER(10) Initial number of transactions.
MAX_TRANS* NUMBER(10) Maximum number of transactions.
INITIAL_EXTENT* NUMBER(10) Size of the initial extent in bytes.
NEXT_EXTENT* NUMBER(10) Size of secondary extents in bytes.
MIN_EXTENTS* NUMBER(10) Minimum number of extents allowed in the segment.
MAX_EXTENTS* NUMBER(10) Maximum number of extents allowed in the segment.
PCT_INCREASE* NUMBER(10) Percentage increase in extent size.
BACKED_UP* VARCHAR2(1) If the table was backed up since last change.
NUM_ROWS* NUMBER(10) Number of rows in the table.
BLOCKS* NUMBER(10) Number of data blocks allocated to the table.
EMPTY_BLOCKS* NUMBER(10) Number of data blocks allocated to the table that contain no data.
AVG_SPACE* NUMBER(10) Average amount of free space (in bytes) in a data block allocated to the
table.
AVG_ROW_LEN* NUMBER(10) Average length of a row in the table in bytes.
 Columnas
{DBA|ALL|USER}_TAB_COLUMNS (vista) Selección de algunas columnas

Column Datatype Description

OWNER VARCHAR2(30) Owner of the table, view, or cluster

TABLE_NAME VARCHAR2(30) Name of the table, view, or cluster

COLUMN_NAME VARCHAR2(30) Column name

DATA_TYPE VARCHAR2(106) Datatype of the column
DATA_TYPE_OWNER VARCHAR2(30) Owner of the datatype of the column

DATA_LENGTH NUMBER Length of the column (in bytes)

DATA_PRECISION NUMBER Decimal precision for NUMBER datatype; binary precision for FLOAT datatype, null for all
other datatypes

DATA_SCALE NUMBER Digits to right of decimal point in a number

NULLABLE VARCHAR2(1) Specifies whether a column allows NULLs. Value is N if there is a NOT NULL constraint
on the column or if the column is part of a PRIMARY KEY. The constraint should be in
an ENABLE VALIDATE state.

….. ….. …….

Tables
 TABS sinónimo de USER_TABLES
select object_name, object_type from all_objects where
object_name='TABS';

OBJECT_NAME OBJECT_TYPE
------------------------------ -------------------
TABS SYNONYM

 TAB vista (con nuestras tablas también)

TNAME VARCHAR2(30)
TABTYPE VARCHAR2(7)
CLUSTERID NUMBER
Views {DBA|ALL|USER}_VIEWS (vista) Selección de algunas columnas
Column Datatype Description
OWNER VARCHAR2(30) Owner of the view
VIEW_NAME VARCHAR2(30) Name of the view
TEXT_LENGTH NUMBER Length of the view text
TEXT LONG View text
TYPE_TEXT_LENGTH NUMBER Length of the type clause of the typed view

TYPE_TEXT VARCHAR2(4000) Type clause of the typed view

OID_TEXT_LENGTH NUMBER Length of the WITH OID clause of the typed view

OID_TEXT VARCHAR2(4000) WITH OID clause of the typed view

VIEW_TYPE_OWNER VARCHAR2(30) Owner of the type of the view if the view is a typed view

VIEW_TYPE VARCHAR2(30) Type of the view if the view is a typed view

SUPERVIEW_NAME VARCHAR2(30) Name of the superview

El SQLPLUS sólo deja ver unos pocos caracteres de la columna tipo LONG, para ver más:
SET LONG 300 (por ejemplo)
 Índices
{DBA|ALL|USER}_INDEXES (vista) Selección de columnas

Column Datatype Description

OWNER VARCHAR2(30) Owner of the index
INDEX_NAME VARCHAR2(30) Name of the index
INDEX_TYPE VARCHAR2(27) Type of the index:
TABLE_OWNER VARCHAR2(30) Owner of the indexed object
TABLE_NAME VARCHAR2(30) Name of the indexed object
TABLE_TYPE CHAR(5) Type of the indexed object (for
example, TABLE, CLUSTER)
UNIQUENESS VARCHAR2(9) Indicates whether the index is UNIQUE
or NONUNIQUE
COMPRESSION VARCHAR2(8) Indicates whether index compression is
enabled (ENABLED) or not (DISABLED)

…. …… ……
 Restricciones
{DBA|ALL|USER}_CONSTRAINTS (vista) Selección de columnas
Column Datatype Description
OWNER VARCHAR2(30) Owner of the constraint definition

CONSTRAINT_NAME VARCHAR2(30) Name of the constraint definition

CONSTRAINT_TYPE VARCHAR2(1) Type of constraint definition:

• C (check constraint on a table)
• P (primary key)
• U (unique key)
• R (referential integrity)
• V (with check option, on a view)
• O (with read only, on a view)

TABLE_NAME VARCHAR2(30) Name associated with the table (or view) with constraint definition

SEARCH_CONDITION LONG Text of search condition for a check constraint

DEFERRABLE VARCHAR2(14) Indicates whether the constraint is deferrable (DEFERRABLE) or not (NOT
DEFERRABLE)
DEFERRED VARCHAR2(9) Indicates whether the constraint was initially deferred (DEFERRED) or not
(IMMEDIATE)
STATUS VARCHAR2(9) Enforcement status of constraint (ENABLED or DISABLED)

VALIDATED VARCHAR2(13) Whether all data obeys the constraint (VALIDATED or NOT VALIDATED)
Restricciones
Recordemos que Oracle permite activar y desactivar las
restricciones, lo que aparece en las columnas STATUS y
VALIDATED:
 ENABLE VALIDATE Se comprueba para todas las filas existentes y
nuevas.
 ENABLE NOVALIDATE Se comprueba sólo para las filas nuevas.
 DISABLE No se comprueba.

El cambio de status:
 ALTER TABLE dept1 DISABLE CONSTRAINT NN_DEPT_CTD;
 ALTER TABLE dept1 ENABLE NOVALIDATE CONSTRAINT NN_DEPT_CTD;
 ALTER TABLE dept1 ENABLE VALIDATE CONSTRAINT NN_DEPT_CTD;
 Restricciones
{DBA|ALL|USER}_CONS_COLUMNS (vista)
Column Datatype NULL Description
OWNER VARCHAR2(30) NOT NULL Owner of the constraint definition
CONSTRAINT_NAME VARCHAR2(30) NOT NULL Name of the constraint definition
TABLE_NAME VARCHAR2(30) NOT NULL Name of the table with the constraint definition
COLUMN_NAME VARCHAR2(4000) Name of the column or attribute of the object type
column specified in the constraint definition
POSITION NUMBER Original position of the column or attribute in the
definition of the object
 Sinónimos
{DBA|ALL|USER}_SYNONYMS (vista) Selección de columnas

Column Datatype Description

OWNER VARCHAR2(30) Owner of the synonym
SYNONYM_NAME VARCHAR2(30) Name of the synonym
TABLE_OWNER VARCHAR2(30) Owner of the object referenced by the synonym. Although the
column is called TABLE_OWNER, the object owned is not
necessarily a table. It can be any general object such as a
view, sequence, stored procedure, synonym, and so on

TABLE_NAME VARCHAR2(30) Name of the object referenced by the synonym. Although the
column is called TABLE_NAME, the object does not necessarily
have to be a table. It can be any general object such as a view,
sequence, stored procedure, synonym, and so on.
Sinónimos
 CREATE SYNONYM <sinónimo> FOR <object>;
Usuarios
{DBA|ALL|USER}_USERS (vista)

Column Datatype Description

USERNAME VARCHAR2(30) Name of the user
USER_ID NUMBER ID number of the user
CREATED DATE User creation date

¿Quién soy?

SELECT USER
FROM DUAL
 Parámetros de configuración SGBD
V$PARAMETER (Vista) (selección de columnas)

Column Datatype Description

NUM NUMBER Parameter number
NAME VARCHAR2(80) Name of the parameter
TYPE NUMBER Parameter type:
• 1 - Boolean
• 2 - String
• 3 - Integer
• 4 - Parameter file
• 5 - Reserved
• 6 - Big integer
VALUE VARCHAR2(4000) Parameter value for the session (if
modified within the session);
otherwise, the instance-wide
parameter value
DESCRIPTION VARCHAR2(255) Description of the parameter
… … …
Datos de la instancia
V$INSTANCE (Vista) (selección de columnas)

Column Datatype Description

INSTANCE_NUMBER NUMBER Instance number used for
instance registration
INSTANCE_NAME VARCHAR2(16) Name of the instance
HOST_NAME VARCHAR2(64) Name of the host machine
VERSION VARCHAR2(17) Database version
STARTUP_TIME DATE Time when the instance was
started
STATUS VARCHAR2(12) Status of the instance
PARALLEL VARCHAR2(3) Indicates whether the instance
is mounted in cluster database
mode (YES) or not (NO)
ARCHIVER VARCHAR2(7) Automatic archiving status
DATABASE_STATUS VARCHAR2(17) Status of the database:
• ACTIVE
• SUSPENDED
• INSTANCE RECOVERY
… …. ….
Datos de las sesiones
V$SESSION (Vista) (selección de columnas)
Column Datatype Description
SID NUMBER Session identifier
AUDSID NUMBER Auditing session ID
USERNAME VARCHAR2(30) Oracle username
OSUSER VARCHAR2(30) Operating system client user
name
PROGRAM VARCHAR2(48) Operating system program
name
MODULE VARCHAR2(48) Name of the currently
executing module as set by
calling the
DBMS_APPLICATION_INFO.SET
_MODULE procedure

…. ….. ….