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Lab 2

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29 views3 pages

Lab 2

Uploaded by

23162024
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Instructions

1. Start Logisim

Part 1: Storing bits with Flip Flops


Any computing hardware that seeks to perform meaningful calculations using bits requires cir-
cuitry to store them - that is, circuits that can maintain a given state. In lectures we discussed
Flip Flops, which are simple block circuits designed to maintain a particular binary state, and
transition between binary states depending on the inputs given.
2. Review this week’s lecture slides, and if needed, also take a look at the quick video tutori-
als linked under resources at the beginning of this lab sheet.
3. Create a clear canvas.
4. Using the lecture slides as a guide, wire up your own R-S Flip Flop using a pair of 2-input
NOR gates (do not use Logisim’s S-R Flip-Flop!). You should have 2 input pins, one
for the “Set” pin, and one for the “Reset”, and two output LEDs: Q and Q’ .
5. When you’ve finished wiring it up, set both input pins to 1. The LEDs should both be dark
(assuming you’ve wired it correctly).
Export your circuit as an image and include it in your submission document.

6. Set the pins in the following order and record the states for Q and Q’
Set Reset Q Q’

1 0

1 1

0 1

1 1

7. Describe in a sentence, the behaviour of the circuit when one of the inputs is 1 (but not
both) and why this is useful for digital circuit design.
8. What do you notice about the two times you set both inputs to 1. Briefly explain what is
happening here and why this is an issue for digital circuit design ?
Discuss 7 and 8 with your lab demonstrator and provide your answer in your submis-
sion document, along with the truth table in Step 6.
9. So the unclocked R-S flip flop has issues. Lets talk about the D Flip-Flop then. Review
the lectures on the D Flip-Flop, and when you feel comfortable, wire up a D Flip Flip using
AND gates and NOR gates, with output LEDS labeled Q and Q’.
■
For this you will have only 1 input pin, as well as a clock input. The clock can be pulsed
on and off by clicking it with the operation pointer (the finger in the top left of screen), or
you can simple enable clock ticking from the menu (under “Simulate”).
Export your circuit as an image and include it in your submission document.
10. Explore the behaviour of the D Flip Flop by filling out the following truth table
Clock Pin Q Q’

0 0

0 1

1 1

1 0

11. Briefly explain the behaviour of a D Flip Flop and how it is useful for digital circuit design.
12. What is the role of the clock ? How does it impact the changing of state of Q and Q’ ?
13. Why is it generally preferred over the R-S Flip Flop ?
Discuss 11 -13 with your lab demonstrator and provide your answer in your submission
document, along with the truth table above.

14. J-K Flip Flops are like your general purpose Flip Flop because they are programmable.
Review the video on JK Flip Flops, and when you’re feeling comfortable, wire up a J-K FF
using NAND gates. Two of your NAND gates will need to deal with three inputs.
Logisim will not be able to simulate this circuit, but export your completed circuit as an
image and include it in your submission document.

15. Complete and include this truth table for JK Flip Flops in your submission docu-
ment.
J K Q (when clocked) Q’ (when clocked)

0 0

1 0

0 1

1 1

16. How can a J-K Flip Flop be made to behave like a D Flip Flop ?
17. How can a J-K Flop Flop be made to behave like a toggle (T Flip Flop) ?
Discuss these questions with your lab demonstrator and provide your answer in your
submission document, along with the truth table in Step 15.

Part 2 - Register this !


18. Registers are just adjacent Flip-Flops that store collections of bits. You’re about to wire
up a register in Logisim, but first review the lecture slides, and if needed, take a look at the
resources above to remind yourself how Flip Flops work. We’re going to work with D Flip
Flops here.
19. We’re not going to wire our own Flip Flops anymore. We’re going to use Logisism’s. Fa-
miliarise yourself with Logisim’s D Flip Flop. Bring one into your canvas, and connect up
an input pin, and a clock, and connect an LED to the output “Q”. Have a play and verify it
works as you expect (ask your lab demonstrator for assistance if needed).
20. Now wire-up a 4-bit big-endian register with D Flip Flops in Logisim. Do this by using 4
pins for each input, and connect 4 LEDS to the output.
21. When complete, demonstrate your register to your lab demonstrator by showing them dif-
ferent combinations of input bits, and how this changes the output when the clock pulses.
Export your circuit as an image and include it in your submission document.

22. Use your register to fill out the following test schedule:

Ox Input Binary Output Binary

0 0000 0000

1 0001

2 0010

Complete this table and place a copy of it in your submission document

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