Name:__________________

Quiz Chapters 1 & 2

1. Psychology refers to the ________.
a) empirical study of humanity
b) experimental study of individuals
c) scientific study of the mind and behavior.
d) systematic study of human interaction
2. Which individual wrote Principles of Physiological Psychology and is credited with
establishing a scientific laboratory of Psychology at the University of Leipzig?
a) Wolfgang Köhler
b) Sigmund Freud
c) Wilhelm Wundt
d) William James
3. Behaviorism focuses on making psychology an objective science by ________.
a) studying how emotional responses influence behavior while deemphasizing the
importance of the subconscious
b) studying implicit motivations for behavior through the use of implicit association tests
c) studying overt behavior and deemphasizing the importance of unobservable mental
processes
d) studying the genetic basis for behavior and theorizing how instincts influence behavior
4. Which perspective within psychology that emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to
all humans.
a) Behaviorism
b) Neuroscience
c) Humanism
d) Structuralism
5. For which concept is Abraham Maslow best known?
a) Classical conditioning of non-human animals
b) Dream analysis for the latent and manifest content of a dream
c) Proposing a hierarchy of human needs in motivating behavior
d) Studying the influence of reinforcement and punishment on behavior
6. Select the correctly ordered list of psychological perspectives, with the earliest perspective
listed first.
a) structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, humanism
b) humanism, behaviorism, structuralism, functionalism
c) humanism, structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism
d) structuralism, functionalism, humanism, behaviorism
7. A(n) ________ is a well-developed set of ideas that proposes an explanation for observed
phenomena.
a) conclusion
b) hypothesis
c) operational definition
d) theory
Name:__________________

8. This organization, one of the largest professional groups of psychologists in the world, was
founded in 1892.
a) The American Psychological Society
b) The National Institute of Mental Health
c) The Centers for Disease Control
d) The American Psychological Association
9. Dr. Guttierez is examining a research question and has posted a hypothesis, but his student
points out, “Dr. G., the assumption that you have made cannot be disproven no matter what data
we gather!” This research study suffers from an absence of ________.
a) operational definition
b) falsifiability
c) circularity
d) alternate explanations
10. Krista and Tatiana Hogan are participants in a(n) ________ of conjoined twins who are
joined at the head.
a) case study
b) experiment
c) naturalistic observation
d) survey
11. ________ is/are often conducted with large numbers of participants and can even be
conducted by phone, email, or mail.
a) archival research
b) case studies
c) surveys
d) university experiments
12. A group of preschool-age children are enrolled in a study that plans to follow them over time
in order to assess behaviors and other characteristics that may predict later development of
schizophrenia. This is an example of a(n) ________ design.
a) cross sectional
b) experimental
c) longitudinal
d) survey
13. In order to assess whether viewpoints on decriminalization of marijuana for medical purposes
change with age, four groups of participants, ages 20, 30, 40, and 50, are asked whether they
support this issue. What is one flaw of this design?
a) Longitudinal research is time consuming.
b) Marijuana has already been decriminalized in some places.
c) Recruitment could be a challenge because people of different ages are difficult to sample.
d) Social or cultural factors may influence the results, not age.
14. ________ is a reduction in the number of research participants as some drop out of the study
over time.
a) attrition
b) experimenter bias
c) generalizability
d) single blinding
Name:__________________

15. ________ assesses the consistency of observations by different observers.

a) Attrition
b) Inter-rater reliability
c) A control group
d) Validity
16. A negative correlation means ________.
a) a third variable eliminates a correlational relationship
b) one variable decreases as the other increases
c) there is a relationship between two variables, but it is not statistically significant
d) two variables increase together, but they are associated with an undesirable outcome
17. A(n) ________ variable is a factor that affects both variables of interest in research and may
falsely give the impression of a cause-and-effect relationship.
a) confounding
b) control
c) dependent
d) independent
18. The belief that strange behavior is linked to the occurrence of a full moon is an example of
a(n) ________.
a) theory
b) factual assertion
c) illusory correlation
d) internal attribution
19. Which of the following research designs will allow cause-and-effect conclusions?
a) correlational studies
b) experimental
c) quasi-experimental
d) archival research
20. A particular electrical signal being transmitted to a neuron is sufficient to generate an action
potential. If the magnitude of the incoming electrical signal is doubled, the action potential will
________.
a) be twice as strong
b) last twice as long
c) undergo no changes in strength, speed, or duration
d) travel twice as fast down the axon
21. The two major divisions of the nervous system are the ________ and ________.
a) autonomic; somatic nervous systems
b) autonomic; sympathetic nervous systems
c) central; peripheral nervous systems
d) parasympathetic; sympathetic nervous systems
22. The ________ nervous system is responsible for responses such as pupil dilation, increased
heart rate, and increased respiration.
a) autonomic
b) parasympathetic
c) somatic
d) sympathetic
Name:__________________

23. The ________ nervous system is responsible for stimulating digestion and causing the
bladder to contract.
a) autonomic
b) parasympathetic
c) somatic
d) sympathetic
24. Which of the following is not a part sympathetic activation during the fight or flight
response?
a) adrenaline surges into the bloodstream
b) heart rate and blood pressure increases
c) pupils dilate
d) digestion functions become more active
25. One example of ________ is the differences between hemispheres in the areas underlying
language function.
a) brain organization
b) lateralization
c) synaptogenesis
d) Wernicke’s area
Name:__________________

Quiz Chapters 1 & 2

1. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the case study of Phineas Gage’s
accident, which led to brain injury?
a) Temporal lobe injury causes people to be incapable of controlling their emotional
impulses.
b) Injury to the brain causes changes in behavior, but specific brain areas are not linked to
specific behaviors.
c) Injury to the frontal lobe does not affect behavior.
d) Injury to the brain causes changes in behavior, and specific brain areas are linked to
particular behaviors.
2. The effects of neurotransmitters tend to be __, whereas the effects of hormones tend to be __.
a) A. faster; a shorter duration
b) B. faster; longer lasting
c) C. slower; a shorter duration
d) D. slower; longer lasting
3. The part of the nervous system that controls voluntary movements is the ________________.
a) Parasympathetic nervous system
b) Somatic nervous system
c) Autonomic nervous system
d) Flight or flight response
4. The main link between the nervous system and the endocrine system occurs at the ________.
a) Adrenal gland
b) Pineal gland
c) Somatic nervous system
d) Hypothalamus
5. The gland of the endocrine system communicate via _________
a) Electrically charged ion channels
b) Neural impulses along the axon
c) Spinal reflexes
d) Chemical messengers called hormones
6. Which is the main type of chemical messengers secreted by the male gonads?
a) androgens
b) dopamine
c) endorphins
d) estrogens
7. The ________ nervous system is responsible for responses such as pupil dilation, increased
heart rate, and increased respiration.
a) autonomic
b) parasympathetic
c) somatic
d) Sympathetic
8. The two major divisions of the nervous system are the ________ and ________.
a) autonomic; somatic nervous systems
b) autonomic; sympathetic nervous systems
c) central; peripheral nervous systems
d) parasympathetic; sympathetic nervous systems
Name:__________________

9. ________ (IRB) reviews research that is involves the use of human participants.
a) Institutional Research Board
b) Institutional Research Bureau
c) Institutional Review Board
d) Institutional Review Bureau
10. Which of the following is not part of obtaining informed consent?
a) explaining the hypothesis to the participants
b) letting participants know that participation is voluntary
c) obtaining the participant’s signature or a signature from the parent or guardian if the
participant is a minor
d) reviewing that data is confidential
11. The ability of a research study or psychological instrument to consistently produce a given
result is called ________.
a) validity
b) reliability
c) standardization
d) operationalization
12. Stan and Jenny are in a psychology course that requires them to repeat an experiment that
researchers have conducted in the past, in order to determine whether they produce the same
results. This is called ________.
a) inter-rater reliability
b) standardization
c) replication
d) validity
13. In a __ study, both the researchers and the participants are unaware of the group assignments.
a) control
b) double-blind
c) pilot
d) randomly assigned
14. A group of researchers investigated the effects of two vocabulary learning strategies on word
retention two weeks later. In this example, learning strategy is the _____ variable and word
retention is the _____ variable.
a) control; experimental
b) dependent; independent
c) experimental; control
d) independent; dependent
15. A(n) ________ is a description of how the researchers will measure the variables of interest.
a) experimental plan
b) hypothesis
c) operational definition
d) theory
16. Which of the following research designs will allow cause-and-effect conclusions?
a) correlational studies
b) experimental
c) quasi-experimental
d) archival research
Name:__________________

17. The belief that strange behavior is linked to the occurrence of a full moon is an example of
a(n) ________.
a) theory
b) factual assertion
c) illusory correlation
d) internal attribution
18. Psychology refers to the ________.
a) empirical study of humanity
b) experimental study of individuals
c) scientific study of the mind and behavior.
d) systematic study of human interaction
19. Which individual wrote Principles of Physiological Psychology and is credited with
establishing a scientific laboratory of Psychology at the University of Leipzig?
a) Wolfgang Köhler
b) Sigmund Freud
c) Wilhelm Wundt
d) William James
20. For which concept is Abraham Maslow best known?
a) Classical conditioning of non-human animals
b) Dream analysis for the latent and manifest content of a dream
c) Proposing a hierarchy of human needs in motivating behavior
d) Studying the influence of reinforcement and punishment on behavior
21. Select the correctly ordered list of psychological perspectives, with the earliest perspective
listed first.
a) humanism, behaviorism, structuralism, functionalism
b) humanism, structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism
c) structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, humanism
d) structuralism, functionalism, humanism, behaviorism

22. Penelope studies how the structure and function of the nervous system is related to behavior.
She is a ________.
a) biopsychologist
b) developmental psychologist
c) humanist
d) social psychologist
23. An organization with the largest professional group of psychologists founded in 1892.
a) The American Psychological Society
b) The National Institute of Mental Health
c) The Centers for Disease Control
d) The American Psychological Association
24. The study of psychology based upon the scientific study of observable and measurable
behavior only. It was developed by John B. Watson based on the work of Pavlov.
a) Behaviorism
b) Humanism
c) Biopsychosocial
d) Evolutionary
Name:__________________

25. Believed that we acquire knowledge through observation and reasoning and that
knowledge is not innate.
a) John Locke
b) Charles Darwin
c) Aristotle
d) Sigmund Freud