Answer key

UNIT 1 Learning to learn: pronunciation

Reading A: Do you know what the difference is between
emoticons and emojis?
1 3
B: Yes, emoticons are symbols used to represent faces
2 1 a, b 2 a, c 3 b, c, d 4 c, d 5 d and emojis are actual pictures.
3 1e 2f 3b 4d 5a 6c A: Oh, OK!
4 1W 2S 3W 4W 5S 6W B: You know you have to be careful with emojis, don’t
Grammar you? What you see when you send it isn’t necessarily
what the other person sees.
Forming questions
A: Isn’t it?
1 1 What makes you smile?
B: No!
2 This emoticon means ‘Hello’, doesn’t it?
3 Why were you surprised by my news? Vocabulary
4 We’d like to know if you were happy with our 1 1 astonished 2 petrified 3 furious 4 relieved
suggestion. 5 thrilled

5 Don’t you love the smell of fresh coffee? 2 1 furious 2 astonished 3 relieved 4 petrified
5 thrilled
2 1 Can you tell me what this emoji means?
3 1 motivated 2 impatient 3 thrilling
2 I’d like to know if every language uses the same
4 optimistic 5 petrified 6 astonishing
system.
7 concerned 8 relieved
3 Do you know whether you can download these new
emojis? Learning to learn: vocabulary
4 Could you show me how you put the symbol in your verb noun adjective antonym
message?
anger anger angry
5 Do you think this symbol looks Japanese or Korean?
annoying /
annoy annoyance
6 I wonder if all the emoticons appeared OK in my annoyed
email. astonishing /
astonish astonishment
3 1 What 2 use 3 Who 4 sends 5 Which astonished
6 comes bear bearable unbearable
4 1 is it? 2 aren’t they? 3 can we? 4 didn’t you? disappointing /
disappoint disappointment
5 don’t you? 6 has he? disappointed
exhausting /
5 1 Can’t you 2 Didn’t you 3 Shouldn’t we exhaust exhaustion
exhausted
4 Wouldn’t you 5 Isn’t it 6 Weren’t they
irritating /
6 1 isn’t 2 does 3 don’t 4 Has 5 do 6 Who irritate irritation
irritated
Pronunciation joy joyful

Using stress for emphasis (1) motivating / demotivating/

motivate motivation
motivated ed
1 1 angry 2 me 3 your 4 brother 5 sure 6 that
optimism optimistic pessimistic
2 a 4 b1 c5
please pleasure pleasant unpleasant
sense sense sensitive insensitive
worrying /
worry worry
worried

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 Focus on Learning to learn: your journal
Adverbs of degree Students’ own answers
2 1 really 2 completely 3 slightly 4 relatively
5 a bit 6 quite 7 totally 8 tremendously UNIT 2
Pronunciation Reading
Short and long vowels 2 All the words are in the article.
1 1 /ɪ/ 2 /aɪ/ 3 /eɪ/ 4 /iː/ 5 /iː/ 6 /ɪ/ 3 1d 2a 3c 4b
4 1T 2F 3 NG 4T 5T 6T 7 NG
Listening
5 3 Paragraphs 4, 5 and 6
1 a shopping mall, a next-door neighbour, a wedding in
the country, coach drivers, a traffic warden, a parking Learning to learn: reading
fine
Exercise 2 is scanning
2 1 a, b 2a 3c
Exercise 3 is skimming
Writing
Grammar
1 1 ages 2 drop you a line 3 been up to
Present forms
4 had no idea 5 catch up 6 be in touch with
1 1 I don’t find 2 we’re trying 3 are they doing
2 Write an email to David.
4 she does 5 he’s listening to 6 I’m not studying
3 Model answer 7 Do you have 8 they learn
Hi David 2 1 I’ve been 2 I’ve been looking
How are things? I’m sorry I haven’t been in touch for 3 have you enrolled 4 I haven’t lived
ages! Especially because I heard you had an accident 5 I’ve been working 6 I’ve been focusing
with your motorbike – I had no idea! Roberto has 7 I’ve finished 8 I’ve had
just sent me an email about it. It sounds terrible. I 3 1 I’ve been learning Spanish since I was a child.
hope you’re OK now.
2 I’m studying from home this year.
Guess what? I finished college last month. I’m so
3 I’ve been doing this degree for two years.
happy. I haven’t got my final results yet, but I feel
quite confident and optimistic about them. We did 4 I’ve finished five assignments on this course.
a final year project and I got a good mark for that. 5 My class is taking part in this year’s open day / the
Now I have to decide what to do next. I need a little open day this year.
holiday first, though. I can’t go far because I haven’t
6 We’ve updated our student website.
got much money at the moment.
7 I’ve been revising for my exam for five days.
Anyway, I was thinking that it would be great if
Roberto and I came to visit you one day. Does that 4 1 I’ve watched 2 I prefer 3 I’ve turned on
sound OK? Can you get out of the house? We could 4 I’m not learning 5 I’ve been experimenting
go for a burger or something. If not, don’t worry, we 6 I’ve doubled 7 speak 8 I’m looking
can just see you at home. It will be good to catch up. 9 I’ve been trying 10 haven’t got
Just send me a message and we can arrange Learning to learn: grammar
something,
Students’ own answers
See you soon
Alex Pronunciation
Understanding weak forms of auxiliary verbs
1 1 full 2 weak 3 full 4 full 5 weak 6 full

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 Answer key
Listening assessment – how does it work?
first other languages group work – how does it work?
1
live in language(s) languages used at home
dates for assignments – where are they?
Spanish, English, first languages,
Jordi: Sweden 3 Model answer
Catalan Swedish English
Mandarin English, first language, Dear Mr Fraser
Chen: Sweden
Chinese Swedish English
I’m a student on course SY 460.1. I am writing to
2 1 According to 2 Funnily enough 3 However ask about some aspects of the course that I am not
4 Which brings me to 5 Essentially clear on. First, could you tell me if we have to use
pdf format to send our work? Also I’d like more
Vocabulary information about how the assessment system works.
1 1 bring it up 2 come up 3 make up 4 pick it up I was also wondering if you could explain how the
5 point out 6 getting her message across group work is organized. Will we work individually or
7 read up on 8 come up with in groups? Finally, although I have looked at various
sections of Campus, I can’t find the dates for sending
2 1 come up with 2 read up on 3 make 4 up
the course assignments. I’d appreciate it if you could
5 came up 6 get 7 across 8 point out
send me them or give me a link to the information.
Pronunciation I apologize for sending so many questions.
Saying the /r/ sound I look forward to hearing from you.
1 1 surprised 2 grandparents 3 birds 4 brother Kind regards,
5 try 6 effort
Selima Martin
Focus on
Learning to learn: making the most of English
Separable and inseparable phrasal verbs language resources (1)
1 1 INSEP 2 SEP 3 INSEP 4 INSEP Students’ own answers
2 1 picked it up 2 point them out 3 made it up
4 brought it up 1&2 REVIEW 1
3 1 get your point across
Vocabulary
2 pointed them out
1 1 relieved 2 concerned 3 furious 4 optimistic
3 come up with a strategy 5 impatient 6 thrilled
4 made it up 2 1 reading up on
Writing 2 come up
1 Dear Mr Fraser 3 get my ideas across
I’m writing about course SY 460.1. Regarding 4 come up with
the assessment, I was wondering if there is a final 5 pointed out
exam.
6 making up
Could you tell me where we send our work?
Grammar
I look forward to hearing from you.
1 1 haven’t 2 Who 3 Did 4 Didn’t / Did
Best wishes
5 if 6 Do
Selima Martin
2 1 is getting 2 speak 3 are 4 haven’t studied
2 She wants information on: 5 don’t need 6 translate 7 has increased / has
pdfs – does she have to use them? been increasing 8 has changed / is changing

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 Reading 7 had stopped 8 brought 9 noticed
10 were smiling and waving/smiled and waved
1 Positive emotions:
11 were 12 had shared
smiles excitement enthusiasm calm
peaceful feelings more excited feel good 5 1bC 2cA 3aD 4dB
2 1Y 2N 3N 4Y 5 NG 6N Pronunciation
Listening Pronouncing groups of two or more consonants
1 1 similar to 2 is active 3 organized 4 known 1 absolutely 2 angrily 3 completely 4 excitedly
5 can be part of 5 incredibly 6 strangely
2 1 attractive 2 school 3 being asleep 4 video Listening
5 new words 6 remember
1 1 first person to cross the Atlantic Ocean without a
Pronunciation sail, the two longest ocean kayak voyages
1 1L 2S 3L 4L 2 the Atlantic Ocean, three times
2 2 and 4 3 he went from west to east on the 3rd voyage
2 1 His kayak was damaged in a storm (2nd voyage)
UNIT 3 2 The Baltic Light crew fixed his kayak (3rd voyage)
Reading 3 2, 3, 4, 7, 8
1 1c 2g 3h 4f Learning to learn: listening
2 Suggested ideas: 1 T he men had almost completely closed the windows,
hike along the main motorway, enter a race, go there was hardly any light in the room, the three men
away for a spontaneous weekend, do something in were blocking the front door.
the five-to-nine, e.g. take a train, sleep on top of a
2 N
 o, because they were doing these things to show
hill, wake up jump in a lake then get back on the
how the papyrus glowed in the dark.
train and be home by nine o’clock, find a river to go
swimming in, sleep in your garden for a night, forage Vocabulary
for edible plants in your neighbourhood, pick a
1 1 go on 2 set off 3 turn back 4 head for
random point on a map of your area and go and visit
5 stop over 6 make it 7 steer 8 end up 9 reach
it, do something in the dark.
2 1 went on 2 set off 3 stop over 4 make it
Learning to learn: reading 5 turn back 6 headed for 7 ended up
Students’ own answers
Focus on
Grammar Travel collocations with go on
Narrative tenses 1 1f 2d 3h 4c 5g 6a 7b 8e
1 1 finished 2 spent 3 had been looking 2 1 went on an exchange trip
4 found out 5 ended up 6 made 7 had been
2 go on a bike ride
8 had been working 9 took 10 travelled
11 was hoping 12 had been 3 am going on a journey

2 1b 2a 3b 4b 5c 6c 4 are going on … city break

3 1 fell 2 hadn’t locked 3 had visited 5 go on a bus tour

4 disappeared 5 had just begun 6 left 6 Have … been on a package holiday
4 1 was working/worked 2 had been 3 set off 7 go on a field trip
4 were going 5 had been driving 6 managed to 8 been on holiday

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 Answer key
Writing 6 … take a pen and brainstorm your ideas onto a
blank sheet of paper
1 1h 2a 3d 4b 5e 6c 7f 8g
2 Students’ own answers
2 1 fascinating 2 headed back 3 truly 4 incredible
5 popped into 6 stunning 3 p
 ick up a pencil, slowing down, getting out of my
3 Model answer comfort zone
If you only have one day in our town, you really must pick up a pencil is similar to suggestion in article

visit the beautiful old town centre. It has so much to 4 Model answer
offer, and you can spend the morning there and still
There are many ways you can increase your creativity.
have time for a relaxing walk along the river in the
For example, you can try techniques such as walking
afternoon.
around for a while. Brainstorming is a good way of
Start your day with a delicious breakfast in one of the getting lots of ideas. Using a pencil and paper instead
cafés around our beautiful 13th century cathedral. of a computer is also a good idea. Another method is
They all have comfortable outdoor tables and chairs so to do regular activities like meditation and relaxation.
you can enjoy fantastic views of the old town wall as The main point of many useful techniques is to try
your drink your coffee. From the cathedral square, you something new and give your brain new sensations to
can climb the steps onto the wall and look down into process.
the winding narrow streets, crammed with tiny shops
5 Can include any of these:
and galleries. There are gorgeous old buildings, such
walking around, brainstorming, drawing circles,
as the market and the bath house, that are well worth
getting bored, meditating, relaxation activities,
visiting. You should pop into the tourist information
swapping computer for pencil /pen and paper,
office near the town gates to pick up all the
slowing down, getting out of comfort zone
information you need to plan the rest of your morning.
Before you leave us, don’t forget to explore the river Grammar
bank path, with stunning views into the distant
Reported speech and reporting verbs
mountains. It really will be one of the highlights of
your day! 1 1 to be 2 to speak 3 me of breaking
4 me to play 5 me for causing 6 telling
Learning to learn: your journal 7 for being
Students’ own answers 2 1 persuaded me to contact
2 recommended writing
UNIT 4 3 agreed to try
Reading 4 invited me to come
1 2, 3, 5, 6 5 asked her to suggest
Relevant sections in article: 6 offered to meet
2 Things like problem-solving, critical thinking and 7 didn’t admit (to) feeling
collaboration are all based on creativity. And in 8 promised to meet
fact, creativity was seen as one of the key skills of
leadership in a survey of business people. 3 1 for not calling 2 Rosa to come 3 to go
4 to make 5 Nikki to put
3 They use their imagination to turn a cardboard box
into a castle, a mop into a motorbike or a blanket Changes: for a while, that Friday, supper for them, her
into the base camp at Everest. in her diary.

5 Some of them are simple tricks that you probably 4 1 not leaving 2 to sort out 3 for causing
already know, such as walking around for a few 4 to help 5 hiring 6 to pay
minutes when you are mentally stuck

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 Learning to learn: grammar Pronunciation
Students’ own answers Pronouncing long and short ‘i’
1 degrees - long
Pronunciation
drink - short
Using stress for emphasis (2)
given- short
1 1 accident B
listen - short
2 bad weather A
seemed - long
3 hotel B
seventeen - long
4 ten days B
this - short
2 1 The ferry had an accident.
village - short
2 The bad weather caused long delays.
winter - short
3 The travel agency recommended a hotel.
4 We spent ten days in Miyajima. Vocabulary
1 1 keep in touch
Listening
2 get along well
1 a 4, b 3, c 1, e2
3 reconnecting
2 1 minus 20 degrees
4 hit it off
2 hot drink
5 lose touch
3 old school teachers
6 keep in close contact
4 ten
7 catch up
5 Ecuador
2 1 reconnected / caught up
6 a famous actor
2 kept in touch
7 every month
3 hit it off
8 nearly forty years
4 stick together
3 Students’ own answers
5 Losing touch
Learning to learn: listening
1 number and noun Focus on
Transitive and intransitive phrasal verbs
2 adjective and noun
1 and 2
3 adjective and noun
1C/I
4 number
2 they don’t get along / I
5 noun
3 Keeping in touch with people / T
6 adjective and noun
4C/I
7 noun
5 catching up with old friends / I
8 number and noun
6C/I
7C/I
8C/I

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 Answer key
3 1 I get along well with my neighbour. about the book or poem we were studying. But Mr
2 I lost touch with my college friends. Moss always listened, holding his hand to his chin,
looking at me as if I was speaking intelligently. ‘Good
3 I promised I would keep in touch with my old point, good point!’ he would say.
teacher.
That was the beginning of my self-confidence in
4 At their first meeting, the new members of the school and in the world. Everything changed, so
team hit it off with the old members. thank you, Mr Moss.
5 The party will be a chance for the cousins to
reconnect with each other. Learning to learn: what kind of a language
learner are you?
Writing Students’ own answers
1 1 loudly 2 slowly 3 in delight 4 rapidly
5 with hope 6 without a doubt
3&4 REVIEW 2
2 1 shouting their names − the boy
Vocabulary
2 coming towards me − a car
1 1 set off 2 head for 3 end up 4 go on
3 not understanding anything − the girl 5 stop over 6 make it
4 holding his camera − the man 2 1 in touch 2 up 3 touch 4 it off 5 along well
5 shaking − we 6 together
6 standing at the window − we
Grammar
3 1 ‘Would you like me to / can I / could I take you to a
1 1 met 2 were volunteering 3 had been 4 hadn’t
different hotel?’ offered the driver.
5 saw 6 ’d been looking 7 spent 8 was getting
2 ‘I don’t know your name,’ claimed / said the girl.
2 1 Lynne persuaded Jenna to join the/her gym.
3 ‘Remember to keep the photos,’ said my friend,
2 Fran promised to send the report before Friday.
smiling / with a smile.
3 Bill accused Jack of deleting the messages.
4 ‘Do you need help?’ asked the boy, looking at me.
4 Leila denied causing the problem.
5 ‘I’m so sorry for not recognizing you,’ I said, taking
his hand. 5 Dani apologized for being/arriving late.

6 ‘Let’s meet tomorrow,’ we said, shaking hands. 6 Ravi recommended taking the early train.

4 Model answer Reading

The person I would most like to say thank you 1 1 close, intense
to is my old English teacher, Mr Moss. He was
2 support, confidence
my favourite teacher in High School and I always
remember him, standing at the front of the class, 3 family
waving his hands around dramatically when he was 4 to talk to, to depend on, to enjoy
explaining things to us. Mindmap: Students’ own answers
I really had a bad time at school, failing exams 2 1B 2C 3A
continuously, and feeling miserable about it.
Generally, the other teachers didn’t expect me to Listening
do well in their subjects. Mr Moss was different. 1 1 railway stations 2 second 3 three weeks
‘Tom!’ he’d shout at me. ‘Listen to this. Tell me what
4 technical 5 social media
you think’. Nobody usually asked my opinion about
anything. Often, I didn’t really know what I thought 2 1F 2F 3F 4T

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 Pronunciation 4 If the Tour de France hadn’t gone through my
friend’s village, she wouldn’t have bought a bike.
2 1 reach 2 seat 3 still 4 hit
5 If I hadn’t told my friends I was unhappy, I wouldn’t
have felt better afterwards.
UNIT 5
6 If there hadn’t been a sale at the sports shop, I
Reading wouldn’t have bought lots of new sports clothes.
2 1c 2b 3a 4b 5b 6c 5 1b 2d 3d 4a 5c 6b
3 1 Andrew: Tea and activity
Pronunciation
2 Arthur: genes and the place you live in and also
Understanding elision in connected speech
how hard you work
1 1 I’d’ve 2 She’d’ve 3 wouldn’t’ve 4 wouldn’t’ve
3 Graciela: to stop eating before your stomach felt
full and strong social life Vocabulary
4 1 cause - I think I owe my career to being an 1 1a 2f 3c 4l 5e 6h 7b 8d 9i
Englishman in Hollywood. 10 g 11 j 12 k
2 correlation 2 1 take a nap
3 cause - Some things change: I now have a quad 2 have called in sick
bike to help me get around.
3 symptoms
5 Students’ own answers
4 stay in shape
Grammar 5 Anxiety and depression
Conditionals 6 get over
1 1f 2d 3b 4c 5a 6e 3 1 stay in shape
2 1 download / will count 2 at risk of
2 will feel / take 3 come down with
3 use / help 4 cope with
4 won’t be able to / is 5 burn-out
5 place / measures
Listening
6 doesn’t tell / set up
1 Suggested answers
3 1 had told
Outdoor places: beaches, gardens, parks, woods
2 had
Outdoor jobs: construction worker, gardener, police
3 Would / use, had officer, sports instructor, traffic warden, travel guide
4 would have enjoyed Good things about being outdoors: fresh air, health,
4 1 If we’d done sport at school, I would have been physical activity
more interested in it. 3 1N 2N 3F 4T
2 If we’d been fit, we would’ve gone on the 4 Students’ own answers
sponsored hike.
3 If my brother had used the gym, he would’ve
renewed his membership.

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 Answer key
Learning to learn: listening Pronunciation
1 Few Making vowels longer before voiced consonants
Although I’m not keen on the idea of being outside 1 1 lock 2 hid 3 set 4 live 5 blog 6 back
in all kinds of weather, getting cold and wet, to be
honest. Writing
Yes, well I think that’s a bit of an extreme view, Possible answers
actually. Clearly that’s not always the case. 1 1 Recently, there has been greater awareness of the
‘Few’ changes the original meaning by specifying benefits of cycling for our health.
quantity. The original text is general, and gives no 2 Is it the case that children really eat too much fast
information about quantity. food these days?
2 usually 3 It is commonly believed that children eat too much
And I think being at the coast can help with things fast food.
like depression, can’t it? 4 There is no doubt that cycling is good for your health.
‘usually’ changes the original meaning by specifying 2 Possible answer
frequency. In the original text, the speaker says only 1f 2c 3b 4d 5a 6e
that he thinks it’s possible, but no information about
5 Model answer
how much/often is given.
Recently, there has been passionate discussion of
3 always
the use of bikes and cars in our cities. It has been
In forestry or gardening, for example, you can find suggested that towns could make their streets easier
jobs that don’t need paper qualifications. to cycle in and more difficult to drive and park in.
‘always’ changes the original meaning by Firstly, it’s clear that cycling is good for our physical
contradicting it. health and also our mental health. In addition, bikes
4 All don’t pollute the environment. This is especially
Like any job, it has to be right for you, otherwise important in our towns and cities, where air pollution
you’re going to be stressed and unhappy. affects residents’ health. Respiratory illnesses are
more common in urban areas than in rural areas. If
‘all’ confirms the original meaning because ‘like any
it was easier to get around towns on bikes, more
job’ is the same as saying ‘all jobs’. people would do so and this would benefit everyone.
Focus on On the other hand, there are problems with
I wish ... and If only ... discouraging people from using cars. Many people
live a long way from their place of work and have to
1 1 ‘d given use a car to get there. Unfortunately, public transport
2 had is not always available or quick. Furthermore,
3 worked, don’t encouraging people to cycle may put them at risk
of illness, due to the fact that air pollution affects
4 could, doesn’t
cyclists more than other people.
5 had trained
In conclusion, there is much to discuss and town
6 had taken, do residents need to be involved in decisions about
2 1 had done 2 weren’t 3 were 4 didn’t pay this issue.
5 didn’t expect 6 wasn’t 7 didn’t hurt
Learning to learn: your journal
8 had listened 9 hadn’t been
Students’ own answers
3 1 hadn’t worried 2 had got along 3 had been
4 had followed 5 had taken 6 had spent

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 UNIT 6 3 It has been revealed that people spend more time
than ever on social media.
Reading
4 It is thought that some companies will work a four-
2 1 exaggeration 2 true 3 sensationalist day week.
4 gossip 5 opinions 6 factual
5 It was considered that the customers were lucky to
3 1 The Roman Empire and 1874, New York stories receive a refund.
2 Britain in the 1700s story 6 It is recommended that we eat a lot of green
3 1927, European newspapers story vegetables.
4 1890s news giants and 1903 stories 4 1 are known to have 2 it has been reported
3 is considered to be 4 have been studied
4 1 S – The Roman empire story
5 have been found to have 6 It is hoped
2 S – the Britain in the 1700s story
3 U – the statement, while true, is not specifically Learning to learn: grammar
supported with evidence in the text 1 2 and 3
5 Looking online 2 a I wonder what this sign means. (direct/indirect
6 1 dramatic question)

2 no b Can I book a place on a coach tour for you? (direct/

indirect speech)
3 no
c If the TV hadn’t been expensive, we would have
4 online or in scientific or environmental publications bought it. (conditional pattern)
7 2 is the logical conclusion
Listening
Grammar 1 2
Passive structures 2 1 how long a story stays in the news
1 1 was reported 2 has been removed 2 second-by-second.
3 are being investigated 4 were / told
5 will be launched 6 have / been banned 3 specialist

2 1 The latest superhero film is expected to break all 4 television

records. 5 news organizations
2 School exam results are understood to be better 3 1bI 2aO 3fI 4dO
than ever this year. 4 1 when all-day 2 had an opportunity 3 as
3 The suspect is / was believed to have used false information 4 stories about 5 get a
identities.
Vocabulary
4 The environmental proposals are thought to include
ambitious targets. 1 1f 2b 3d 4a 5c 6e

5 The triathlon is considered to be one of the most 2 1 tabloids 2 in-depth 3 skim over 4 make
challenging sports. 5 top 6 reported

6 Self-drive vehicles are / have been known to have Pronunciation

problems in certain situations. Pronouncing long vowels
3 1 It is hoped that entry to the concert will be free. 1 1 article 2 really 3 rumours 4 sources
2 It is understood that the awards ceremony might 5 worldwide
be cancelled.

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 Answer key
2 1 / ɜː/ worldwide Learning to learn: making the most of English
2 / iː/ really language resources (2)
3 / uː/ rumours Students’ own answers

4 / ɑː/ article
5 / ɔː/ sources
5&6 REVIEW 3
Vocabulary
Focus on
1 1 cope with 2 stay in shape 3 burn out 4 at risk
the ... the ...
5 come down with 6 get over
1 1ch 2af 3be 4dg
2 1 headlines, press
2 1a 2b 3c 4c 5a 6c
2 skim over, story
Writing 3 articles, information
1 1 astonishing 2 revealed 3 an unbelievable
Grammar
4 record-breaking 5 breathtaking 6 chased
7 victory 1 1 have 2 unless 3 had 4 would 5 If 6 won’t

2 1 The tennis competition will potentially be the most 2 1 has been published 2 is understood to be
exciting of the year. 3 are said to be 4 were analysed 5 are provided
6 is recommended
2 The study may show what we should do next.
3 Virtually all the experts say that there is only one Reading
solution to the crisis. 1
4 The election results are likely to be announced claim evidence
before midnight. 1 feel great People say/report this
5 Results suggest that the general public doesn’t 2 leads to ... extra energy reaction in
3 benefits anxiety and temperature shock
know anything about the issue.
depression -
6 The problems seem to have been caused by the 4 positive social aspects People mention/report this
huge rainfall in recent weeks.
3 Model answer 2 1d 2e 3b
Television star Susie Dent has revealed that she was Listening
shocked to find her new book was full of mistakes.
1 All the words except laugh are heard
Dent is famous for her appearances on TV quiz shows.
She is a language expert and she sits in ‘dictionary 2 1c 2b 3c
corner’. Millions of viewers watch as she decides if
Pronunciation
words are OK or not. Dent began her TV career an
incredible 25 years ago. She’s been on our screens 1 1 food 2 leave 3 white 4 lock
over 2,500 times. In addition to her fantastic TV career, 2
she’s a successful writer. She has written several books news used
about English and weird words. Her latest book is dark far
called Word Perfect, but Dent was astonished to see report cause
that it was not perfect at all. She opened the copy
girl surface
that was sent to her from her publisher. To her horror,
piece keep
the first thing she saw was a mistake. Then she found
more mistakes. The publisher has promised to correct
the errors and print the book again.

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 UNIT 7 Learning to learn: reading
Reading senior - adjective, countable noun, first, B2

1 1 three/multi-generation, skipped-generation, Grammar

boomerang households Causative verbs
2 Asia, Africa, Latin America, UK; 1 1 to keep 2 slow down 3 to leave 4 from using
Central America, the Caribbean, Africa; 5 get 6 from having
Chile
2 1 enables, to get
3 Abdal three-generation household; Doris three-
generation household; Tere boomerang household 2 helps, save

2 honoured = adjective 3 required to change

the norm = noun 4 lets, travel

undergo = verb 5 prevents, from carrying

constraints = noun 6 advised, to pay

orphans = noun 7 stops, from getting

compel = verb 3 1 saves me from feeling

phenomenon = noun 2 forces me to be

takes me back to = verb 3 encourages me to build

3 honoured d proud and happy 4 allowed to have

the norm h the usual way 5 don’t let us bring

undergo f go though 6 stops Josef from coming round

constraints c limits or controlling factors 4 Students’ own answers

orphans a children whose parents have died Learning to learn: grammar

compel e force Students’ own answers
phenomenon b circumstance
Pronunciation
takes me back to g reminds me of
Stressing multi-syllable verbs
4 Doris
1 1 advise 2 enable 3 encourage 4 permit
1 She was lonely 5 prevents 6 require
2 Moving in to her son’s home
Listening
3 Positive: she is no longer lonely, she sees her
1 1 religious, millions 2 early one morning, positive
grandchildren more
3 discovered, physical health 4 villagers
Tere
2 1 anxiety 2 calm 3 form relationships 4 physical
1 Her wages were not enough to pay for her own 5 energy 6 change
place
3 1b 2d 3f 4c 5a 6e
2 She returned to her parents’ home
4 Student’s own answers
3 Possibly negative - she describes how they need to
give each other space Vocabulary
5 Students’ own answers 1 1e 2d 3h 4b 5f 6g 7c 8a
2 1 top 2 view 3 weather 4 concert 5 tourist
6 sight 7 tourist 8 weather

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 Answer key
3 1 1 warm and cosy 2 light and airy UNIT 8
3 absolutely stunning
Reading
2 1 elegantly decorated 2 narrow
3 cold and damp 4 densely crowded 1 3
2 1 treatment 2 wristbands
Pronunciation 3 contact lenses, hearing aids
Pronouncing /b/, /v/ and /w/ 4 AI 5 video-based appointments
1 1 best 2 wet 3 boat 4 van 3 1c 2b 3b

Writing 4 unusual remarkable

1 1 Ever been to Costa Rica? It’s beautiful! Have you problem issue

2 We’ve just got back, but would go again focus on concentrate on

tomorrow! We put on take off (antonyms)
3 Motorbike broke down again yesterday. My information data
4  ecided to go home last night after yet another
D collect gather
rainy day. I / We / They inside outside (antonyms)
5 MacInnes Coffee Shop - the best value breakfast simple complex (antonyms)
I’ve ever had. does / serves / is
5 1 and 2
6  Ready to join me tomorrow? Are you
1: ‘I’m sure you’re thinking there’s nothing
7  ny ideas what the problem is? Have you / Have
A remarkable in this story.’
you got / Do you have
2: all the use of what devices ‘will’ do.
8 L ooking at next week’s weather, had a great
idea – camping! I’ve been, I / I’ve, let’s go Learning to learn: reading
2 1 a bit of a, I’m back connect (v)
2 ton of, give it a shot connection (n) connected (adj) = link, linked
unconnected (adj)
3 got into, way
connect to the internet ≠ be separate
4 clearing out, loads of, stuff broadband connection
3 Going paddle boarding for the first time, information
advance (v)
about what paddle boarding on the sea is like and
what she should know and do advance (n) = make progress
advanced (adj) = go forwards
4 Model answer = development, progress
Hey! Love the photo! Where is it? Never been paddle make advances in ≠ go backwards
boarding myself but it looks cool. Seen a few people huge advances
out on the sea near me in the evenings. How much
does a board cost, more or less? Do you have to be Grammar
super-fit to do it? I gave windsurfing a shot once on
Speculating about the past
holiday, but I didn’t have the strength in my arms!
I fell off loads too! So, wondering if I need to have 1 1 might 2 must 3 may 4 may 5 can’t
really great balance for paddle boarding. 6 couldn’t
2 1 might / could / may have been
Learning to learn: your journal
2 shouldn’t / must have fallen
Students’ own answers
3 can’t / couldn’t have sent

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 4 should have read Pronunciation
5 can’t / couldn’t have been Pronouncing long and short ‘o’
6 must have used 1 1L 2L 3S 4S 5S 6L
3 1 He can’t have told the truth about what happened.
Learning to learn: listening
2 The parcel must have arrived in the morning.
1 remote sensing
3 I shouldn’t have parked outside the entrance to the
2 huge cities, roads, a whole landscape showing how
building.
the people had once lived
4 The group might have travelled by bus.
3 sometimes he forgets to stop working even to eat
4 1 can’t have stopped
4 remote sensing LIDAR the gadgets he uses
2 must have dropped regularly
3 can’t have broken
Writing
4 could / may / might have been
1 1 long-lasting
5 shouldn’t have kept
2 black and white
6 must have squashed
3 second-hand
Pronunciation 4 on-screen
Understanding the weak form of have 5 cheap and cheerful
1 1F 2W 3F 4W 6 one-year
Vocabulary 2 1e 2b 3a 4f 5c 6d
1 1 pocket-sized 2 innovative 3 outdated 3 Model answer
4 user-friendly 5 handy 6 sophisticated I was given this key finder as a gift and to be honest
2 1 gadget 2 perform 3 waterproof I didn’t really see the point of it at first. It looks nice
4 recharge 5 user-friendly 6 handy – very well designed – and it seems quite high-end.
I guess it’s for people who lose their keys a lot, and
Focus on that’s not me! Anyway, I installed the app on my
Forming nouns, verbs and adjectives in word families phone. That’s how it works – you attach your keys
to the gadget and connect it via Bluetooth. It’s pretty
1 1 invention memorize
user-friendly. If you lose your keys, you click on the
2 silence activate on-screen icon and it both lights up and makes a
3 complications simplify noise. It’s supposed to work up to a distance of 100
metres. OK, so what was my experience? It worked
4 strengthen achievement
fine when I was testing it out, around the house and
5 technological affordable so on. So I thought that it would be really handy if I
6 universal happiness ever really did lose my keys. Then, of course, one day
2 1 affordable 2 memorize 3 universal 4 silence I did. I was panicking so much it wasn’t until after I
5 simplify 6 complication 7 activate 8 strengthen found them that I remembered about the finder app!

Listening Learning to learn: using the English you learn

1 a 2 b5 c3 d1 e 4 Students’ own answers

2 a 1 c2 e5 g4 h3
3 1 kind of 2 to work 3 at a time 4 for only

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 Answer key
7&8 REVIEW 4 Learning to learn: reading
Vocabulary Page 12: 1 T 2F 3 NG 4T 5T 6T 7NG

1 1 crowded 2 damp 3 narrow 4 breathtaking Page 20: 1 Y 2N 3N 4Y 5 NG 6N

5 spacious Grammar
2 1 outdated 2 sophisticated 3 user-friendly Talking about the future
4 perform 5 waterproof
1 1 In five years’ time my family and I will be living by
Grammar the sea.
1 1 making us start 2 let you get 2 In ten years’ time I will be writing my first book.
3 they allow you to go in 4 stopping us working 3 This time next year I won’t be studying any more.
5 force me to go
4 Next year I won’t be working in my current job.
2 1 can’t have lost 2 must have left 3 might/could
5 Within two years I’ll be running my own social
have stolen 4 shouldn’t have been 5 should have
media channel.
looked for 6 might have remembered
6 Next summer my friends and I will be doing a
Reading round-the-world trip.
1 1c 2b 3a 2 1 will have replied
2 exploitation noun reside verb medicinal adjective 2 Will we have organized, I’ll have finalized
clear verb indigenous adjective
3 will have started
3 a clear b reside c indigenous d exploitation
4 won’t have confirmed, will have heard
e medicinal
3 1 be working 2 have found 3 be cycling
Listening 4 have finished 5 have hit 6 be making
1 1c 2c 3a 4 1 won’t be going 2 will have landed
2 1 time 2 annoying 3 use email 4 social media 3 will be taking 4 might have invented
5 should have found 6 will be flying
Pronunciation
Pronunciation
1 The second syllable in all of them is stressed
Pausing
2 1 autumn L 2 always L 3 honest S
4 forest S 5 resources L 6 monument S 2 A TV kids’ channel | recently asked a group of six-year
olds | about what life will be like when they are 16.
|| More than half | (optimistically, perhaps!) | are sure
UNIT 9 kids won’t be going to school every day because |
Reading ‘everything will be on the internet’. || The majority
believe that humans will have landed on Mars | and
1 1 Harvard, Guggenheim, Nobel, Bill Gates,
people will be taking ‘space holidays’ there. || About
Yu Pengnian, Mona Sinha
a fifth of the kids hope that scientists | might have
2 Reese Fernandez-Ruiz invented | a way for pets to talk to us || and a quarter
3 Frane Selak think it’s likely | that doctors should have found cures
for all illnesses ||. Finally, | a small | but enthusiastic
2 1T 2 NG 3F 4F 5T 6 NG
| number think there’s a good chance | we’ll be
3 1a 2b 3a flying with personal jet packs |to get around our
4 1 generous 2 Surely / not a difficult decision neighbourhoods.
3 just quietly working

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 Listening solving during this time, especially in dealing with the
requirements of different countries and cultures.
1 1 Joseph 2 Magda 3 Paulo
With regard to my relevant experience, I have
2 1b 2c 3c
worked with all ages and nationalities of tourists and
3 1 actually 2 Despite the fact that thanks to this, I have developed strong interpersonal
3 That being said 4 or at least skills. In Europe, my experience is mainly in looking
4 a then again = that being said (3) after multinational groups on cultural tours of the
b really though = actually (1) main cities, while in South America, I worked with
younger clients visiting popular cultural sites. I am an
c even though = despite the fact that (2) enthusiastic and dynamic organizer and enjoy helping
5 Students’ own answers clients to have the best holiday experience.

Vocabulary I am physically fit. Moreover, I go swimming, climbing

and cycling regularly.
1 1 tackle 2 achieve 3 it through 4 issue
5 understand 6 made My college diploma is in Business Studies, with
additional courses in French and Italian.
2 1 through 2 mess 3 problem 4 issue
5 objective 6 understand I would be very interested in joining your organization
as a tour guide. I have had some experience of
Focus on your tours and have been impressed with your
Verb-noun collocations organization’s professionalism.

1 1 a mess 2 for survival 3 all of your objectives I look forward to hearing from you.
4 a decision 5 with the problem 6 very little Yours sincerely
2 1 objectives 2 difficulties 3 tackle 4 overcome Learning to learn: your journal
5 crisis 6 make
Students’ own answers
Pronunciation
Saying /ʃʃ/, /ʒ
ʒ/, /tʃʃ/ and /dʒ
ʒ/ UNIT 10
1 1 /tʃ / 2 /ʃ/ 3 /dʒ/ 4 /ʒ/ Reading
Writing 1 Students’ own answers
1 1 valuable 2 part-time 3 proficient 2 1 coffee, yerba mate 2 coffee, tea 3 coffee, yerba
4 knowledge 5 completed 6 graduated mate
7 regards 8 concerned 3 1 It helps them to understand a place, its history and
2 1b 2a 3d 4c its people.
3 Model answer 2 Expressions about coffee represent feelings.
Dear Sir or Madam 3 The taste was probably better than coffee they had
I am writing to apply for the position of a tour guide drunk before.
as advertised on your website. 4 Being invited to share mate.
I have attached my CV. As outlined there, I have two 5 They worked in remote places or away from family.
years’ experience working as a tour guide in Europe 6 The tea harvest / tea picking.
and South America. Before this, I spent three years
4 4 = personification 5 = simile 6 = metaphor
travelling and working around the world, visiting
many iconic tourist sites in a total of seventeen 5 1d 2c 3a 4f 5e 6b
countries. I gained valuable experience in problem- 6 Students’ own answers

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 Answer key
Grammar Pronunciation
Verb patterns with infinitive and -ing Saying th
1 1 going, to spend 2 hearing, listening 1 the other, three
3 going out, staring 4 to play, stopping 2 thin, than
2 1 to meet 2 seeing 3 taking 4 going 3 think, father
5 to leave 6 to have
3 1 getting up 2 not to say 3 not knowing Focus on
4 feeling 5 not eating 6 not to go the with groups of people and things
4 1 welcoming 2 to find 3 to take 4 coming 1 1 concerts 2 the countries 3 the majority
5 to break 6 watching 7 forming 8 planning 4 audiences 5 the places 6 The Irish
2 1 – 2 – 3 – 4 The 5 – 6 The 7 – 8 – 9 the 10 the
Learning to learn: grammar
Students’ own answers Writing
1 1 roughly a third 2 just under half 3 most
Pronunciation
4 one in four 5 the vast majority 6 a small number
Aspirating /p/, /k/ and /t/
2 1 identified 2 said 3 agreed 4 chose
1 1✓ 2✘ 3✘ 4✓ 5✓ 6✘
3 Model answer
Listening Live shows at the Melbourne International Arts
1 3 and 4 are true Festival: online ticket purchases
2 1 Spain and Portugal 2 street festivals The aim of this report is to summarize the attendance
3 children’s festivals 4 Caribbean community at live shows at the Melbourne Festival, taking into
5 children’s parade 6 1964 7 two million account both local and international visitors. The
figures were collected from online ticket purchases.
3 1 they came 2 who were 3 from the Caribbean,
When tickets were sold on the day, there was no
from the Caribbean 4 successful
information about whether the visitors were local or
4 Students’ own answers international.
Learning to learn: listening The most popular events overall were the circus
events, with the majority of local visitors choosing
1 What about
these shows and and almost half of the international
2 You also mentioned visitors attending them. The least attended shows
3 right were concerts and other music events among
4 Coming back to international visitors and multimedia performances
for both kinds of visitors.
5 Absolutely! But tell me
Audiences for dance shows, which includes ballet
show a reaction = Absolutely and modern dance, were the same for both kinds
refer back to something already talked about = You of visitor. About a fifth of the festival’s tickets were
also mentioned, Coming back to sold for these events. Roughly a third of international
ask for information = What about, right, But tell me visitors bought tickets for theatre performances. This
was much more than the local audience at about ten
Vocabulary per cent.
1 1f 2h 3d 4c 5i 6b 7g 8a 9e However, it must be noted that many festival-
2 1 like an outsider 2 share / values 3 fit in goers chose to buy tickets in person, rather than
4 culturally diverse 5 identify with 6 was raised in online. This means that we should be careful about
interpreting the results of the survey.

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 Learning to learn: looking back and looking
ahead
Students’ own answers

9&10 REVIEW 5
Vocabulary
1 1 struggling 2 overcame 3 make 4 achieve
5 tackle 6 made
2 1 raised in 2 fit in 3 feel like an outsider
4 influenced by 5 share / values 6 identify with

Grammar
1 1 should have finished 2 will have found 3 will be
doing 4 won’t be working 5 will have changed
6 might be going
2 1 going 2 to win 3 to meet 4 staying 5 having

Reading
1 1 volcanic 2 1959 3 surfing 4 Asia, North
America 5 ‘auana hula
2 d like jewels on a deep blue pillow
a a tropical paradise
b is a melting pot
e is constantly calling for attention
c is a path

Listening
1 1 architect, buildings
2 poet, Ethiopia, the UK
3 Pakistan, Nobel Prize
2 Speaker 1 - b
Speaker 2 - c
Speaker 3 - e

Pronunciation
1
achieve matches
vision Polynesians
issue traditional
manage project

2 1✓ 2✘ 3✘ 4 ✓, ✘

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