Floor and Roofs

Floors and Roofs
Module III
FLOORS
INTRODUCTION
Floors are horizontal elements of building structures which support live
loads such as people, furnishings, and movable equipment and dead loads
(the weight of the floor itself, any non-movable, built-in components on the
floor).
It divides building into different levels for the purpose of creating more
accommodation with in the restricted space.
FACTORS CONSIDERED FOR SELECTION OF
FLOORING
Durability and wear factors.
Free from dampness.
Appearance.
Fire Resistant.
Low Maintenance cost.

OPTIONS
a) Solid Concrete
1.Concrete block/ innerwall;

2. Outside wall;
3. Hardcore infill;
4. Damp-proof membrane;
5. Sand blinding;
6. Min 100mm concrete
b) Suspended Concrete
1. Concrete block;
2. Outside wall
3. Concrete block/ inner wall
4. Sleeper wall
5. Concrete beam
b) Suspended Timber
1. Metal joist hanger

2. Herringbone strut
3. Outside wall
4. Concrete block inner wall
5. Concrete oversite
6. Wooden joist
Types ,Construction and
Advantages
TYPES OF FLOORING
Cement Concrete Flooring.
Tile Flooring.
Mosaic Flooring.
Cement Concrete Floor
❖ The floor having its topping consisting of cement concrete is called

Cement Concrete Floor or Conglomerate
CLASSIFICATION:
1. Non-monolithic or bonded floor finish concrete floor

2. Monolithic floor finish concrete floor.
1. Non-monolithic or Bonded floor finish concrete Floor
• It is a flooring where topping is not laid monolithically with the base

concrete.
METHOD:
The earth is consolidated and 10cm thick layer of clean sand is spread.
10cm thick Lime Concrete (1:4:8) or Lean Cement Concrete (1:8:16) is
laid thus forming base concrete.
The topping (1:2:4) is laid on the third day of laying base cement
concrete, thus forming Non-monolithic construction.
2. Monolithic floor finish concrete Floor
• It is a flooring where topping of 2cm thick concrete is laid monolithically

with the base concrete.
METHOD:
The surface of earth filling is levelled, well watered and rammed, 10cm
layer of clean and dry sand is spread over.
When the sub soil conditions are not favourable, then 5cm to 10cm thick
hard core of dry brick or rubble filling is laid.
10 cm of Base concrete is laid followed by topping concrete 2cm after
45 min to 4 hrs
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
• Durable and wearing surface • Cause injuries if fallen

• Sustain Impact loads hence • Causes nerve numb in cold
adopted in industrial buildings weather as it does not retain
heat
• Base layer for other type of
flooring • Due to hardness makes it
uncomforatable to stand for
long time
Tile Floor
❖ The floor having its topping consisting of tiles is called tile floor.
METHOD:
The earth filling is properly consolidated, 10cm thick layer of dry sand is evenly laid.
10cm thick layer of Lime Concrete (1:4:8) is laid , compacted and cured to form a base
concrete
A thin layer of lime or cement mortar is spread with the help of screed battens.
Then the screed battens are properly levelled and fixed at the correct height.
When the surface mortar is hardened, 6mm thick bed of wet cement (1:5) is laid
and then over this the specified tiles are laid.
Tile Floor
The surplus mortar which comes out of the joints is cleaned off.
After 3 days, the joints are well rubbed with a corborundum stone to chip
off all the projecting edges.
• Does not hold heat so causes

• Durable blood clotting in bare foot
• Difficult to crack during winter
• Maintanence is easy and • Expensive
so adopted in all residential • Ceramic tiles are quite heavy
so not adopted in high rise
buildings
buildings
Mosaic Floor
❖ The floors having its topping consisting of mosaic tiles or small regular
cubes, square or hexagons, embedded into a cementing mixture.
METHOD:
The earth is consolidated, 10cm thick layer of clean sand is spread.
10cm thick Lime Concrete (1:4:8) or Lean Cement Concrete (1:8:16) is laid forming
base concrete.
Over this 5cm thick Lime Mortar or Cement Mortar or Lime and Surkhi mortar (1:2)
is laid.
3mm thick cementing mixture is spread, The cementing mixture consists of one part
of pozzolana, one part of marble chips and two parts of slacked lime.
Now the tiles of regular shaped marble cubes are hammered in the mortar along
the outline of the pattern.
The inner spaces are then filled with colored pieces of marble and a roller is passed
over the surface.
The surface is rubbed with pumice stone fixed to a wooden handle about 1.5m long.
The surface is then allowed to dry up for 2 weeks.

• Aesthetic • Very expensive and high cost

of maintanence
• In Luxury Buildings
• Rehabilitaion is difficult
• Proper grip and traction for
the people using it and time consuming
Roofs
What is a Roof ?
• A roof is part of a building envelope, both the covering on the

uppermost part of a building or shelter which provides protection from
animals and weather, notably rain, but also heat, wind and sunlight;
and the framing or structure which supports the covering.
Types of Roof construction :
1. Flat roof
2. Pitched Roof
Design elements
Durability 1. Durability
2. Construction
3. Material
Design
elements
Constructio
material
n
Roof Types
Roofing materials
The selection of roofing materials is based on the following factors.They are
1. Investment
2. Conditions
3. Energy Efficiency
Construction of Roof
Types of Roof Construction
A flat roof is generally defined as having a

pitch not greater than 15° to the horizontal
A pitched or sloping roof has a pitch

of at least 15° but often much more
Flat Roof Construction
Its constructed based on the conditions namely:

o Cold roof
o Warm roof
Pitched Roof Construction
Its constructed based on the conditions namely:

o Cold roof
o Warm roof
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Floors and Roofs

Durability and wear factors.

Free from dampness.

Low Maintenance cost.

1.Concrete block/ innerwall;

1. Metal joist hanger

Cement Concrete Flooring.

❖ The floor having its topping consisting of cement concrete is called

1. Non-monolithic or bonded floor finish concrete floor

• It is a flooring where topping is not laid monolithically with the base

• It is a flooring where topping of 2cm thick concrete is laid monolithically

• Durable and wearing surface • Cause injuries if fallen

• Does not hold heat so causes

The surface is then allowed to dry up for 2 weeks.

• Aesthetic • Very expensive and high cost

• A roof is part of a building envelope, both the covering on the

Types of Roof construction :

The selection of roofing materials is based on the following factors.They are

A flat roof is generally defined as having a

A pitched or sloping roof has a pitch

Its constructed based on the conditions namely:

Its constructed based on the conditions namely:

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