Understanding

Quadrilaterals
N.B. – This material is no way a substitute of textbooks.
Here we have highlighted the interesting & important
concepts and formula, with few examples and a
homework set for practice
Few Concepts
Simple Curve – A curve which does not cross itself and has only one
curve

Simple Closed Curve – Simple curves which are closed by line

segment or curved line.
Which amongst the above are Simple Closed Curves ?

Polygon – Simple closed curves made up of only line segments

Which amongst the above are Polygons ?

closed only line segments

Simple Curve Simple Closed Curve Polygon

22-Sep-2024 Understanding Quadrilaterals 2

 Concave & Convex Polygons
Convex – No portion of any Concave – At least one diagonal
diagonal falls outside the falls outside the polygon
polygon

22-Sep-2024 Understanding Quadrilaterals 3

Polygons – Smallest & Biggest
Smallest – Triangle
Biggest – There is no limit to no. of sides

If we increase the no. of sides in a regular polygon to

infinity, the polygon tends to take a shape of a circle.

Understanding Quadrilaterals
22-Sep-2024 4
NCERT Ex:3.1 – Q1
a) 1, 2 , 5, 6, 7
b) 1, 2 , 5, 6, 7
c) 1,2
d) 2
e) 1

Understanding Quadrilaterals
22-Sep-2024 5
Angle Sums
Angle sum of interior angles of a polygon
The sum of interior angles of a n-sided convex polygon
= 2 (n – 2) * 90ᵒ = (n – 2) * 180ᵒ
One interior angle of an n-sided regular polygon
= 2 (n – 2) * 90ᵒ = (n – 2) * 180ᵒ = (1 – 2/n) * 180ᵒ
n n
Angle sum of exterior angles of a polygon
The sum of exterior angles of a n-sided convex polygon = 360ᵒ
One exterior angle of an n-sided regular polygon = 360ᵒ/n

Understanding Quadrilaterals
22-Sep-2024 6
NCERT In-Text Exercise – Fig 3.4
• It is a hexagon with all sides equal.
• So, all interior angles are also equal
• a+x = a+y = a+z = a+p = a+q = a+r = 180ᵒ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (1)
• Hence, x = y = z = p = q = r
• x + y + z + p + q + r = 360ᵒ → each of them = (360ᵒ / 6) = 60ᵒ - - (2)
• So from (1) & (2), a = 180ᵒ - 60ᵒ = 120ᵒ

22-Sep-2024 Geometry 7
NCERT Ex:3.2 – Q1
a) Solve (i) with Polygon (ii) without Polygon

b) xᵒ + 70ᵒ + 60ᵒ+ 2*90ᵒ = 360ᵒ → x = 50ᵒ

Understanding Quadrilaterals
22-Sep-2024 8
NCERT Ex:3.2 – Q2 (i)
• Since, given polygon is regular, its exterior
angles are equal. Let each of exterior angle
be xᵒ
• Sum of exterior angles of 9-sided polygon =
9xᵒ
• Sum of exterior angles of a polygon = 360ᵒ
• 9x = 360 → x = 40

Understanding Quadrilaterals
22-Sep-2024 9
NCERT Ex:3.2 – Q4
• Let no. of sides = n
• Since, given polygon is regular, its exterior angles are
equal. Let each of exterior angle be xᵒ
• Each interior angle = 180ᵒ - xᵒ = 165ᵒ (given) → x = 15
• Sum of exterior angles of n-sided polygon = n*15ᵒ
• Sum of exterior angles of a polygon = 360ᵒ
• 15n = 360 → n = 24

Understanding Quadrilaterals
22-Sep-2024 10
NCERT Ex:3.2 – Q5
a) If possible, let no. of sides of such a polygon = n
Sum of exterior angles of n-sided polygon = n*22ᵒ
Sum of exterior angles of a polygon = 360ᵒ
So n*22 = 360. n = ?

b) If each interior angle is 22ᵒ, each exterior angle = 158

Understanding Quadrilaterals
22-Sep-2024 11
NCERT Ex:3.2 – Q5
a) If possible, let no. of sides of such a polygon = n
Sum of exterior angles of n-sided polygon = n*22ᵒ
Sum of exterior angles of a polygon = 360ᵒ
So n*22 = 360. n = ?

b) If each interior angle is 22ᵒ, each exterior angle = ?

Understanding Quadrilaterals
22-Sep-2024 12
Gonit Prova Ex:20.2 – Q10
Let no. of sides of the regular polygon be n
One interior angle = (1 – 2/n) * 180ᵒ = 135ᵒ (given)
→ 1 – 2/n = 135/180 = 3/4
→ 2/n = 1/4
→n=8

Understanding Quadrilaterals
22-Sep-2024 13
Gonit Prova Ex:20.2 – Q11
Let each interior & exterior angle be 3xᵒ and 2xᵒ respectively
3x + 2x = 180
→ x = 36
→ Each exterior angle = 2*36ᵒ = 72ᵒ - - - - - - - - - - (1)
Let no. of sides of the regular polygon be n
Each exterior angle = 360ᵒ/n - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- (2)
So from (1) & (2), 360/n = 72 → n = 5

Understanding Quadrilaterals
22-Sep-2024 14
 Star Quadrilaterals ☺ Rhombus
(parallelogram
Quadrilateral with exactly two /Kite whose all
distinct consecutive pairs of sides are
Kite
sides of equal length
equal)

Rectangle
Parallelogram
Trapezium (parallelogram whose all
(trapezium whose
(quadrilateral with a pair angles are equal/right
opposite sides are
of parallel sides) angle)
parallel)

Square
(Rectangle whose
all sides are
equal/
Rhombus whose
Understanding Quadrilaterals angles are equal)
22-Sep-2024 15
Homework
• NCERT In-Text Exercise (pg # 23) – 4 (ii)
• NCERT Exercise 3.2 (ii), 3, 6
• Gonit Prova Ex 20.2 : 12–16
• ABC is a right-angled triangle and O is the mid-point of
the side opposite to the right angle. Prove that O is
equidistant from all the vertices of the triangle.
A

B C

Understanding Quadrilaterals
22-Sep-2024 16
 Thank you

15/6/2023 Geometry 17