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Instruments Lab 1

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12 views5 pages

Instruments Lab 1

Uploaded by

yousrahassan27
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Princess Sumaya University for Technology

KING ABDULLAH II SCHOOL


OF ENGINEERING

Electrical Engineering Department

EE21329
Instruments and Measurements Laboratory

In Lab Report

Experiment 1 :
Measurements and Errors

Names of Group :

1. Mohammad Dahleh. ID No 20201112

2. Yousra Hassan ID No 20200188

Date : 27 / 2 / 2024
Measurements and Errors

Results Sheet

1.2 Procedure

Part A:

Step 1: Connect the circuit shown in the figure.

Step 2: adjust the variable resistor to its maximum, use the DMM to measure the current
through the circuit and the voltage across each resistor. Fill in the table below.
Step 3: turn off the power supply, disconnect the variable resistor and measure its resistance.
Step 4: adjust the variable resistor to its minimum and repeat steps 2 & 3 above.
Vpower supply (V) V220Ω (V) Vvariable (V) I (mA) Rvariable (Ω)
5 4.9 0.021 23 Min
5 2.6 2.4 12.024 200
5 1.75 3.26 8.13 000
5 1.32 3.71 6.15 000
5 1.06 3.97 4.94 000
5 0.9 4.1 4.1 Max
Step 6: calculate the variable resistor using the readings above: power supply voltage, ammeter
reading and the voltage across the 220 Ω resistor.

At 200 ohms:
supply∗220
Using voltage division: Vr=Vpower
220+ Rv
220∗Vs 5∗220
Rv= −220= −220=203.07 ohms
Vr 2.6
Maximum Minimum
Rvariable (Ω) 1002.22 4.48

Part B:
Given 25 resistors, construct a table containing the nominal value (by the color code), and
measured valued (using the DMM).

# Rnominal (Ω) Rmeasured (Ω) error % Error


1. 320+-5% 324 0.4 1.25
2. 56+-5% 55.2 0.8 1.42
3. 240+-10% 234 6 2.5
4. 510+-5% 504 6 1.17
5. 5.6k+-5% 5.5k 0.1 1.78
6. 2.2k+-5% 2.18k 0.02 0.9
7. 220+-5% 216 4 1.81
8. 510+-5% 505 5 0.98
9. 20+-5% 20.1 0.1 0.55
10. 330+-5% 327 3 0.9
11. 33k+-10% 33k 0 0
12. 56+-5% 55 1 1.78
13. 20+-5% 19.8 0.2 1
14. 2k+-5% 1.9k 0.1 5
15. 220+-5% 217 3 1.36
16. 330+-1% 329 1 0.3
17. 5.6k+-5% 5.5k 0.1 1.7
18. 220+10% 216 4 1.8
19. 12k+-5% 11.9k 0.1 0.83
20. 220+-5% 216 4 1.8
21. 220+-5% 218 2 0.9
22. 2.7k+-5% 2.6k 0.1 3.70
23. 10+-5% 9.9 0.1 1
24. 3k+-5% 2.9k 0.1 3.33
25. 10M+-5% 10.1M 0.1 1
Construct a table of errors categories and number of occurrences of each error category

% Error Category No. of occurrences


0 – 0.7 3
0.7 – 1 5
1 – 1.3 5
1.3 – 1.5 2
1.5 – 1.9 6

Depending on the percentage errors, find the mean, median and standard deviation.

The Mean :
To find the mean (average of the numbers), you need to add up all the data, and then divide
this total by the number of values in the data.

The Median:
To find the median, you need to put the values in order, and then find the middle value. If
there are two values in the middle then you find the mean of these two values.

Sample Standard Deviation:


The standard deviation is a numerical value used to indicate how widely samples in a group
vary. If samples +observations vary greatly from the
group mean, the standard deviation is big.

Standard 0.4152
Mean 1.15 Median 5
deviation
Draw a histogram showing the number of occurrences of your calculated categories, refer to
Appendix E1 for further information.

Histogram of no. of occurrences


7

5
No. of occurrences

0
0 - 0.7 0.7 - 1 1- 1.3 1.3 - 1.5 1.5 - 1.9
% error category

Conclusions:

In this experiment, we did a simple closed-loop circuit using 2 resistors, a fixed resistor of 220
ohms, and a variable resistor, in addition to a power supply of 5 volts.
We kept increasing the value of the variable resistor and detecting the changes in voltages and
current as shown in the figures above.

In addition, we measured the values of 25 resistors using a multimeter and calculated their
values using the color code, then the error and percentage error between the measured and the
calculated values were calculated, followed by calculating the mean, median, and sample
standard deviation of these values.

This experiment will help understand the difference between calculations and real measured
values and the effect of them on the circuit, which will help engineers have deep understanding
these elements and errors.

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