P-65A GT Report

GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION
REPORT
PROJECT NAME: “DETAILED GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION WORKS INCLUDING
LABORATORY TESTING OF COLLECTED SAMPLES, PREPARATION AND
SUBMISSION OF REPORTS" FOR "PART DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
OF ELEVATED VIADUCT (CHAINAGE- 860.224M TO +21316.022M)
AND 19 ELEVATED STATIONS OF MML-12 (KALYAN-TALOJA) - MUMBAI
METRO - 12"
SUBMITTED TO:
GAWAR CONSTRUCTION LTD

SF-01, JMD GALLERIA, SECTOR-48, SOHNA
ROAD, GURGAON-122001 (HARYANA)
STRUCTURE BH NO
VIADUCT PIER P-65A
Project Code- Report Ref. No. Revision No. Date

242510 TTL/GCL/242510/GTI-04 00 29-08-2024
SUBMITTED BY: -
TTL ENGINEERING PVT. LTD.

TC TOWER (GROUND FLOOR), OPP.
METRO PILLAR No-29, NEAR MANSAROVAR
METRO STATION, JAIPUR-302019
(RAJASTHAN)
Detailed Geotechnical Investigation Works including Laboratory TTL/GCL/242510/GTI-04
Testing of collected Samples, Preparation and Submission of Reports"
for "Part design and construction of Elevated Viaduct (Chainage-
860.224m to +21316.022m) and 19 Elevated Stations of MML-12
(KALYAN-TALOJA) - Mumbai Metro - 12"
TTL/GCL/242510/GTI-04 Date:-29.08.2024
To,
M/s. GAWAR CONSTRUCTION LTD.
SF-01, JMD Galleria,
Sector-48, Sohna Road,
Gurgaon-122001, Haryana, India
Subject :- Detailed Geotechnical Investigation Works including Laboratory Testing of

collected Samples, Preparation and Submission of Reports" for "Part design and
construction of Elevated Viaduct (Chainage- 860.224m to +21316.022m) and 19
Elevated Stations of MML-12 (KALYAN-TALOJA) - Mumbai Metro - 12"
Dear Sir,
We are pleased to submit this report of the subject work based on 01 borehole carried out at P-65A
for the proposed project site.
The accompanying report presents results of various field tests and laboratory tests conducted on
selected soil & rock samples and their interpretation.
Should there be any clarifications regarding the contents please contact us at your most convenient
time.
We value the opportunity to participate in this project and look forward a pleasant association on
future projects.
Very truly yours,

TTL Engineering Pvt. Ltd. Prepared By:-
Vikas Kumar Neeraj Kumar Sharma

Managing Director - TTL Manager - Geotech
Authorized Signatory
Project Code Report Ref. No. Revision No. Date

242510 TTL/GCL/242510/GTI-04 00 29.08.2024
TTL Engineering Pvt. Ltd.

Detailed Geotechnical Investigation Works including Laboratory Testing of
TTL/GCL/242510/GTI-04
Contents
CHAPTER 1 GENERAL ........................................................................................................................................................ 2
1.1. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................................... 2
1.2. SITE LOCATION & GENERAL GEOLOGICAL HISTORY .................................................................................................... 2
1.3. SCOPE OF WORK ......................................................................................................................................................... 3
1.3.1 FIELD INVESTIGATION ................................................................................................................................................ 5
1.3.1.1 FIELD INVESTIGATION IN SOIL STRATA .................................................................................................................. 5
1.3.1.2 FIELD INVESTIGATION IN ROCK STRATA................................................................................................................. 7
1.3.2 LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS.................................................................................................................................. 9
1.3.2.1 LABORATORY TESTS ON SOIL SAMPLES ................................................................................................................. 9
1.3.2.2 LABORATORY TESTS ON ROCK CORE SAMPLES .................................................................................................... 15
CHAPTER 2 ANALYSIS OF TEST RESULTS AND INTERPRETATION ..................................................................................... 18
2.1 STRATIFICATION ....................................................................................................................................................... 18
2.2 GROUND WATER TABLE DEPTH ................................................................................................................................ 18
CHAPTER 3 TYPE AND DEPTH OF FOUNDATION WITH ANALYSIS .................................................................................... 19
3.1 TYPE & DEPTH OF FOUNDATION: ........................................................................................................................... 19
3.1.2 ANALYSIS OF FOUNDATION EMBEDED IN ROCK .................................................................................................... 19
3.1.3 NORMAL BORED CAST-IN SITU RCC PILE FOUNDATION: ..................................................................................... 21
A) FOR PILES IN GRANULAR SOILS (USING THE STATIC FORMULA) .......................................................................... 21
B) FOR PILES IN COHESIVE SOILS (USING THE STATIC FORMULA) ............................................................................ 22
C) FOR COMPUTATION OF SAFE LOAD CARRYING CAPACITY OF PILE IN LATERAL, THE FOLLOWING EQUATION
HASBEEN USED: ..................................................................................................................................................................... 22
3.1.4 AXIAL LOAD CARRYING CAPACITY IN ROCK: ...................................................................................................................... 22
CHAPTER 4 CHAPTER 4 FOUNDATION RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................................................ 25
4.1 FOUNDATION RECOMMENDATIONS ...................................................................................................................... 25
LIST OF APPENDIXES
PAGE
S. NO. ITEMS
NO.
APPENDIX – A (FIELD DATA RESULTS)
A-1 LOCATION PLAN 28
A-2 FIELD BOREHOLE LOG & PROFILE 29-31
A-3 COREBOX PHOTOGRAPH 32
APPENDIX – B (LAB TEST RESULTS)
B-1 SOIL AND ROCK CHARACTERISTICS SHEET 33
APPENDIX – C (ANALYSIS & RECOMMENDATION)
SAMPLE CALCULATIONS FOR COMPUTATION OF ALLOWABLE BEARING
C-1 34
CAPACITY OF SUB-STRATA FOR OPEN FOUNDATION
SAMPLE CALCULATIONS FOR COMPUTATION OF PILE
C-2 35-40
CAPACITY(VERTICAL+UPLIFT)
C-3 SAMPLE CALCULATIONS FOR COMPUTATION OF (LATERAL CAPACITY) 41-42

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CHAPTER 1 GENERAL
1.1 INTRODUCTION
The work of conducting Detailed Geotechnical Investigation Works including Laboratory Testing
of collected Samples, Preparation and Submission of Reports" for "Part design and construction of
Elevated Viaduct (Chainage- 860.224m to +21316.022m) and 19 Elevated Stations of MML-12
(KALYAN-TALOJA) - Mumbai Metro - 12". was awarded to “TTL Engineering Pvt. Ltd., Jaipur”
by “M/s. Gawar Construction Limited” with work order no. GCLGGN/2024-25/F-588/187, Date:
08/06/2024.
Field work including drilling of boreholes, conducting field tests, sample collection was carried out
in the presence of representative of Client. Laboratory tests were conducted on selected confirming
Samples to determine the design parameters, confirming relevant IS specifications and the
guidelines received from time to time from representative of Client.
This report includes the details of Methodology of Investigation, collection of samples (soil/rock),
field test results, laboratory test results, analysis of results and recommendations for results for
proposed structures based on soil sample collected from the locations of boreholes.
1.2 SITE LOCATION & GENERAL GEOLOGICAL HISTORY

The details of the site & test locations for the proposed project are shown in location plan attached
vide Appendix A-1. The site of proposed project is located at “Elevated Viaduct (Chainage-
860.224m to +21316.022m) and 19 Elevated Stations of MML-12 (KALYAN-TALOJA) - Mumbai
Metro - 12” falls in seismic zone – III (Zone factor=0.16) of India.
Deccan trap Basalt of Upper Cretaceous to Lower Eocene age is the major rock type covering about
80% of the district, coastal alluvium is other formation occurring only in western end of the district.
Geologically, all the rock formations of different geological ages (Archean to Recent) are found in
Thane district. The district is endowed with rich minierals deposits like coal, iron ore, Limestone,
barytes and chromites. major part of district is covered with basalt lava flows generally called as
Deccan trap. This volcanic activity was confined mainly to Upper Cretaceous to Lower Eocene age.
Besides Deccan traps the formation like local alluvium, beach sand, coastal alluvium, laterites,
trachytes & rhyolite cover very small area of the district. The main topographic features of this lava
flows are flat topped hills and steps like terrace.

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Figure 1: - Geological Map of Thane District
1.3 SCOPE OF WORK

The stipulated scope of work involved carrying out the following operations: -
a) Mobilization and Demobilization of boring equipment, personnel and all other necessary
machinery for boring works including any platforms required for drilling work, transportation,
shifting of equipment at all site locations for boreholes, survey of boreholes (including all
personnel, equipment and report) etc. and all complete.
b) Shifting of Equipment from one structure location to another including Erection, installation of
rigs at site and dismantling of the same after completion of field work.
c) Making 150 mm nominal diameter boreholes at various locations in all types of soils except hard
rock and large boulders using suitable approved method of boring including chiseling, cleaning,
providing casing pipe as required; performing Standard Penetration Test at every 1.50m interval
and at change of strata; collection of undisturbed soil samples at every 3.0 m interval and at change
of strata; collection of water samples and disturbed soil samples, observation such as ground water,
etc., transportation of all the collected samples to the laboratory for testing work, complete as per
specification and instructions of the Engineer, for depths below natural ground level.
d) Drilling of Nx size boreholes (76mm dia.) in all types of hard rock, collection of core samples,
maintaining continuous record of core recovery/ RQD, keeping the cores in core boxes, transporting

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to laboratory, backfilling on completion of the same, all complete as per specification and
instructions of the EIC.
e) Conducting various laboratory tests on soil samples at an approved laboratory including
preparation of soil samples to determine the following properties of soil, all complete as per
specification.
On soil Samples
o Dry density test
o Bulk Density and Moisture Content.
o Sieve Analysis
o Hydrometer Analysis
o Liquid Limit and Plastic Limit
o Specific gravity
o Shrinkage Limit
o Free Swell Index
o Direct Shear Test
o Triaxial Shear Test
o One Dimensional consolidation test
o Chemical Analysis of soil samples (pH, chloride, Sulphate)
f) Conducting laboratory tests on rock samples including preparation of the samples to determine the
following properties, all complete as per specification.
On Rock Samples
o Moisture content, porosity & Density
o Specific gravity
o Unconfined compression test
o Point load strength index
On Water Samples
o PH
o Sulphates
o Chlorides
g) Preparation and Submission of report including analyzing of lab test results with Bearing
Capacity & Pile Capacity analysis.
h) Recommendation on foundation.

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1.3.1 FIELD INVESTIGATION

1.3.1.1 FIELD INVESTIGATION IN SOIL STRATA
The investigation was planned to obtain the subsurface stratification in the proposed project site and
collect soil samples for laboratory testing to determine the engineering properties such as shear
strength, along with basic engineering classification of the subsurface stratum.
For geotechnical investigation work, required equipment along with rotary drilling rigs and
manpower were mobilized at site to carry out various field activities as per the scope of work. These
were shifted from one test location to another location during execution of field work and were
demobilized on satisfactory completion of field work.
For conducting the field investigations, the following practices were followed at site:
 The location of 01 borehole was marked at site at specific location. This location is shown in
Appendix A-1 attached subsequently.
The detail of borehole along with its coordinate is provided here in below:
Table 1.1: Details of Borehole Locations
Depth of
Depth Co-ordinates (m)
Location Water OGL
S. of Borehole
Of Table below (+/-)
No. below EGL
BH EGL N E
(m)
(m)
1. P-65 A 3.90 12.00 2126187.372 302393.164 +31.740
 In soil, boreholes of 150mm dia. were drilled as per the standard procedure laid in IS: 1892.
Wherever rocky strata were encountered before achieving the required depth below E.G.L.,
bore holes were further extended beyond refusal through soft/ hard rock using Hydraulic
drilling Rigs with Nx size double tube core barrel / diamond bits up to required depth below
the EGL and were terminated as per the instruction of Engr. in-charge.
 Borehole was properly cleaned before taking any sample in soil.
 Casing was used as per the prevailing soil conditions, to stabilize the borehole.
 Standard Penetration Tests were conducted in bore holes at regular intervals or at every change
of strata as per technical specification.
 Undisturbed samples were collected wherever feasible as per the requirements and at specified
depths. The same has been discussed in detail in soil characteristics sheets attached with the
report.
 Water table was encountered in the borehole at 3.90m depth below existing ground.

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The detailed procedure adopted for conducting various field tests is given here in below:
(i) Standard Penetration Test:

The Standard Penetration Test was conducted in boreholes as per IS 2131. The test was carried out
using the standard split spoon sampler to measure the number of blows ‘N’.
Standard split spoon sampler was attached to an ‘A’ rod. It was driven from borehole bottom to a
distance of 45 cm using a standard hammer of 63.5 kg falling freely from a height of 75 cm to the
required depth. While driving, the number of blows required to penetrate every 15 cm are recorded.
The total number of blows required for the last 30 cm is taken as ‘N’ value at that particular depth
of the borehole. Wherever the total penetration was less than 45cm, the no. of blows & the depth
penetrated is recorded in the respective bore log.
SPT ‘N’ values were correlated with relative density of non-cohesive stratum and with consistency of
cohesive stratum as given below: -
Table 1.2: Soil compactness as per SPT N values (cl. 9.7, table 9.3 & 9.4, page 330_text book
of V.N.S. Murthy)
Correlation for Clay / Plastic silt Correlation for Sand / Non-Plastic silt
Consistency SPT "N" Value Compactness SPT "N" Value
Very Soft 0-2 Very Loose 0-4
Soft 2-4 Loose 4 - 10
Medium 4-8 Medium 10 - 30
Stiff 8 - 15 Dense 30 - 50
Very Stiff 15 - 30 Very Dense > 50
Hard > 30
The field SPT N values obtained were further corrected as per the guidelines given in IS: 2131 as
follows:
(a)For overburden: - The N value for cohesionless soil is corrected with the help of fig. 1 given in IS-
2131.
(b) Due to dilatancy: - Wherever N values observed below water table in fine sand, silty sand or silt was
greater than 15, then corrected N values were corrected as under:
N’ =15 + ½ (N-15)
(ii) Undisturbed Sampling (Soil) in boreholes:
Undisturbed samples were collected using MS tubes of suitable diameter and length with Area ratio
as per clause 4.1.1 (c) of IS: 1892 (latest) fitted to an adopter with ball and socket arrangement.
Before taking any sample, the sampling tube was properly greased. Immediately after taking on
undisturbed sample in a tube, the adopter head was removed along with the disturbed material. The
visible ends of the sample were trimmed off any wet disturbed soil. The ends were coated alternately
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with four layers of just molten wax. More molten wax was added to give a total thickness of min. 25
mm. The samples were carefully labeled and transported to the laboratory for testing. Undisturbed
samples wherever slipped during lifting were duly marked in the field logs as well as in the soil profile.
1.3.1.2 FIELD INVESTIGATION IN ROCK STRATA

Drilling was done by rotary core drilling method using double tube core barrels as per the guidelines
of IS: 6926-1196, because of its ability in retaining higher quality of rock samples. A core barrel
and Nx sized bits were used for drilling and recovering rock cores. Recovered rock cores were
numbered serially and preserved in good quality sturdy core boxes as specified in IS: 4078-1980.
Rock core recovery and Rock Quality Designation (RQD) were computed for every run length.
Water was used as the drilling fluid. The ratio of total length of rock pieces collected to length
drilled, expressed as percentage and known as core recovery was recorded. To obtain RQD (Rock
Quality Designation), only those pieces of rock which were 10 cm and longer were measured for
the total length. The above length divided by length drilled, expressed as percentage, was recorded
as RQD. The Core Recovery and RQD value were assigned based on Standard procedure given in
IS: 11315 (Part 11).
Thus,
(a) Core recovery in % = (Length of Core / Length of run) x 100
(b) RQD in % = (Length of core in pieces of 100mm and above / Length of run) x100
Rock classification in terms of weathering, state of fractures & strength was carried out in the
following manner as tabulated below: -
Table 1.3: Scale of Weathering Grades of Rock Mass [cl. 3.6.2.2 of IS: 4464]
Geologist
Terms Description Grade
Interpretation
No visible sign of rock material weathering; perhaps slight
Fresh I CR>90%
discoloration on major discontinuity surfaces.
Discoloration indicates weathering of rock material and
Slightly discontinuity surfaces. All the rock material may be 90% > CR >
II
Weathered discolored by weathering and may be somewhat weaker 70%
externally that in its fresh condition.
Less than half of the rock material is decomposed or
Moderately 70% > CR >
disintegrated to a soil. Fresh or discolored rock is present III
Weathered 51%
either as a continuous framework or as core stones.
More than half of the rock material is decomposed and/or
Highly 50% > CR >
disintegrated to a soil. Fresh or discolored rock is present IV
Weathered 11%
either as a discontinuous framework or as core stones.

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Geologist
Terms Description Grade
Interpretation
Completely All rock material is decomposed and/or disintegrated to soil. 10% > CR >
V
Weathered The original mass structure is still largely intact. 0%
All rock material is converted to soil. The mass structure and CR= Zero %
Residual
material fabric are destroyed. There is a large change in VI However,
Soil
volume, but the soil has not been significantly transported. N>100
As per IS 4464 it should be understood that all grades of weathering may not be seen in a given
rock mass and that in some cases a particular grade may be present to a very small extent.
Distribution of the various weathering grades of rock material in the rock mass may be decided
related to the porosity of the rock material and the presence of open discontinuities of all types in
the rock mass.
Rock classification based on their physical condition and Unconfined Compressive Strength based on
Clause 8.2 and Table – 2 of IRC: 78-2014 as follows: -
Table 1.4: Classification of Rocks (IRC-78)
Unconfined
Rock Type Description Compressive Strength
(UCS) in MPa
Extremely Cannot be scratched with knife or sharp pick. Breaking
> 200
Strong of specimen could be done by sledge hammer only.
Cannot be scratched with knife or sharp pick. Breaking
Very Strong of specimens requires several hard blows of geologists’ 100 to 200
pick.
Can be scratched with knife or pick with difficulty. Hard
Strong 50 to 100
blow of hammer required to detach hand specimen.
Can be scratched with knife or pick, 6mm deep gouges
Moderately
or grooves can be made by hand blow of geologists’ 12.5 to 50
Strong
pick. Hand specimen can be detached by moderate blow.
Can be grooved or gouged 1.5mm deep by firm pressure
Moderately on knife or pick point. Can be broken into pieces or chips
5 to 12.5
weak of about 2.5mm maximum size by hard blows of the
geologists’ pick.
Can be grooved or gouged easily with knife or pick
point. Can be break down in chips to pieces several cm’s
Weak 1.25 to 5
in size by moderate blows of pick point. Small thin
pieces can be broken by finger pressure.
Can be carved with knife. Can be broken easily with point of
Very Weak pick. Pieces 25mm or more in thickness can be broken by < 1.25
finger pressure. Can be scratched easily by finger nail.
Relation between RQD and In-situ Rock Quality

Rock quality is further measured by frequency of natural joints in rock mass. RQD is used to define
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state of fractures or massiveness of rock. Following table defines the quality of rock mass as per
Clause 5, IS: 11315 (Part 11) -1985: -
Table 1.5: Core Quality
Rock Type RQD (%)
Excellent 90 - 100
Good 75 - 90
Fair 50 - 75
Poor 25 - 50
Very Poor < 25
1.3.2 LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS
1.3.2.1 LABORATORY TESTS ON SOIL SAMPLES
The following laboratory tests were conducted on selected soil samples
Table 1.6(a): Description of Tests
Undisturbed Disturbed
Description of Test Reference (UDS) Soil (DS/SPT)
Samples Soil Samples
Grain Size Analysis / Hydrometer IS: 2720 (Part - 4) - √
Natural Moisture Content / Bulk / Dry

IS: 2720 (Part – 2) - -
density
Atterberg Limits
 Liquid Limit IS: 2720 (Part - 5) - √
 Plastic Limit IS: 2720 (Part - 5) - √
Specific Gravity IS: 2720 (Part – 3) - √

Free Swell Index IS: 2720 (Part – 40) - -
Direct Shear Test IS: 2720 (Part – 13) - √
Triaxial compressive shear test IS: 2720 (Part – 11) - √
Consolidation Test IS: 2720 (Part – 15) - -
 Dry density and Bulk density
For determination of bulk density and dry density, a sample of known volume ‘V’ was extracted
from the undisturbed sampling tube and its bulk weight ‘W’ was noted down. Moisture content
‘Wn’ was determined by oven drying method.
The bulk density and dry density were determined by following equation-
Bulk density (γb) = W/V
Dry density (γd) = γb/ (1+Wn)

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 Natural water content

For this test, the soil sample of known quantity (Wm) was taken in a container. The container with
soil sample was placed into an oven for drying at 105-110°c temperature for 16-24 hours. After
drying, the dry sample was again weighted to determine the dry weight of sample (Wd).
The natural water content was computed by the following equation-
Wn = (Wm-Wd) *100/Wd
 Grain Size Analysis (IS: 2720- Part-4)
Wet sieve analysis:
For determination of particle sizes finer than 75-micron, wet sieve analysis test was conducted. For
this test, oven dried sample of known quantity was taken in a container and soaked with dispersing
agent. The soaked soil sample was washed thoroughly over 75 micron IS sieve until the water
passing sieve was substantially clean.
Fraction retained on 75 micron IS sieve was carefully collected in a container without any loss in
material and placed into oven for drying.
Dry sieve analysis:
For this test, the oven dried soil sample after wet sieving was sieved through the set of IS sieves 20
mm, 10 mm, 4.75 mm, 2.0 mm, 1.0 m, 425-micron, 300-micron, 150 micron and 75micron. The
amounts of soil retained on each sieve were noted down. The % retained, cumulative % retained
and % passing were computed accordingly. Wherever the soil sample % passing 75-micron sieve
was significant, Hydrometer method was used to find the percentage of silt and clay fraction.
Grain size analysis for the fraction passing 75 micron IS Sieve (Hydrometer method)
Calibration of Hydrometer
Hydrometer was calibrated to determine a relationship (an equation) between the effective depth
HR and corresponding hydrometer reading Rh (obtained during test).
50 to 100 gm of soil sample passing through 75 micron IS Sieve was taken. It was mixed with 100
ml of sodium hexametaphosphate solution and the mixture was warmed for about 10 minutes. It
was then transferred to the cup of the mechanical mixer and the soil suspension was stirred for 15
minutes. The soil suspension was transferred into 1000 ml measuring cylinder and distilled water
was added to make 1000ml solution. This solution was mixed vigorously. The measuring cylinder
was then allowed to stand and the stopwatch was started. Hydrometer was immersed in the solution
and reading were taken after half, one, two and four minutes. The hydrometer was then removed
slowly and kept in distilled water at the same temperature as the soil suspension. Readings were
taken after the periods of 8, 15 and 30 minutes, and one, two and four hours. Hydrometer was
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removed, rinsed and placed in the distilled water after each reading. After 4 hours reading was
taken once or twice within 24 hours. Finally, a reading was taken at the end of 24 hours. The
temperature of the suspension was observed and recorded.
Calculations
Diameter of the particles (D):
30 HR M HR
D  
980G  1 t t
Where,
D = diameter of particle in suspension, in mm;
μ = co-efficient of viscosity of water at the temperature of the suspension at the time of
taking the hydrometer reading, in poise;
G = specific gravity of the soil fraction used in the sedimentations analysis;
HR = effective depth corresponding to R n , in cm.

t = time elapsed between the beginning of sedimentation and taking of hydrometer
reading in minutes
30
M = a constant factor for given values of μ and G at the temperature of the
980G  1
suspension.
Percentage finer than diameter D:
The percentage by mass (w) of particles smaller than corresponding equivalent particle diameters
(D) was calculated from the formula:
100Gs
w  Rh
Wb Gs 1
Where
w = percentage finer
Gs = specific gravity of soil particle
Wb = weight of soil
Rh = Hydrometer reading

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 Specific Gravity (IS: 2720-Part-3 Sec-1)

The specific gravity of soil sample was determined by density bottle method. For this test 5-10g
oven dried and cooled soil sample was taken in 50ml capacity density bottle and its weight was
noted down as W2. The soil was covered with distilled water and left for sufficient period for
suitable soaking. The entrapped air was removed by vacuum. The bottle with soil was filled fully
with water and its weight was noted down (W3). The mass of empty bottle and bottle filled with
distilled water were noted down as W1 and W4 respectively.
The Specific Gravity was determined by using following equation:
G=W2-W1/[(W2-W1) -(W3-W4)]
 Liquid Limit (IS: 2720- Part-5)
By Cone Penetrometer Method
The 'Cone Penetrometer Apparatus' is a variant of the fall-cone and consists of a cone with a smooth
polished surface and angle of 30° ± 1/2°. The weight of the cone, together with its associated shaft
is 80g ± 0.5g. A support assembly with an automatic cone release mechanism and cone height
adjustment mechanism used to hold the cone vertically. The angle and weight of the cone were
calibrated at regular intervals, and the sharpness of the cone tip was checked daily.
Distilled water was added and thoroughly mixed with the soil sample to produce a homogeneous
paste. The paste was then placed in a cup with a diameter of at least 55mm and a depth of at least
40mm. The surface of the soil was smoothed off level and parallel to the base. The support assembly
was used to position the tip of the cone so that it was just touching the top surface of the soil, and
the automatic tripping mechanism was released. The cone was allowed to penetrate into the soil for
a period of 5 (± 1) s, then the cone was locked off to stop further movement and the penetration
was recorded. The cup was refilled and the test was repeated. The two recorded penetrations need
to be within 0.5mm of each other, otherwise a third test is performed. WShen the three test vary by
more than 1mm the test was repeated.
Further tests were conducted, at varying water contents, in order to produce a series of cone
penetrations (usually 4) in the range 15mm to 25mm. The resulting cone penetrations were plotted
verses the water content of the test specimens. The Liquid Limit (WL) was read off the graph, being
the water content at which the line of best fit through the test points crosses 20mm penetration.
 Plastic Limit (IS: 2720-Part-5)
For this test, soil sample was prepared in the same way as for liquid limit test. A ball of soil sample
weighed about 5 gm was formed. The ball was rolled between the fingers of one hand and the glass
plate with pressure sufficient to reduce the mass into a thread of about 3 mm in 5 to 10 complete
forward and back movements. When a diameter of 3 mm was reached, soil was again remolded
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into a ball. The process of rolling and remolding was repeated until the thread started just crumbing
at a diameter of 3 mm. The crumbled thread was immediately transferred to an airtight container
for determination of its moisture content by oven drying method.
This water content has been termed as plastic limit. (WP)
 Plasticity Index (IS: 2720-Part-5)
The plasticity index Ip was given by
Ip=WL-WP (in percent)
 Direct Shear Test (IS: 2720-Part-13)

For this test shear box test apparatus was used. The prepared specimen from remolded/undisturbed
sample was placed carefully in the box. The plain grid was kept on top of the specimen with its
directions at right angles to the direction of shear. The upper porous stone was placed on the grid
and loading pad on the stone. The box with specimen was gently placed in the container (water
jacket). The specimen was submerged with water. The container was mounted with the shear box
and the specimen inside, on the shearing machine. The upper part of the box was so adjusted that
it touched the proving ring. The jack was brought forward to bear up against the box container. The
proving ring dial gauge was set to read zero.
The steel ball was placed in the recess of the loading pad. The loading yoke was set in contact with
the steel ball on the loading pad. Vertical displacement dial gauge to read zero in contact with the
top of the yoke. The normal load was applied and any change in thickness of specimen was
recorded. Shear displacement dial gauge was also set to read zero. The locking screw was now
removed and two parts of the shear box were separated by advancing the spacing screws.
The specimen was sheared at constant rate of strain. The readings of the proving ring dial gauge
were noted down every 15 seconds for the first one-minute and then every 30 seconds thereafter.
The reading of change in the thickness dial gauge and shear displacement dial gauge were also
recorded at the same time interval. The test was continued until the specimen fails. The specimen
was assumed to fail when the proving ring dial gauge started receding or at shear displacement of
approximately 15% of the length took place.
The soil was removed from the box and test was repeated on the identical specimen under increased
normal load.
 Triaxial Shear Test UUT (IS: 2720-Part-11)
For this test, Triaxial Shear Test apparatus was used. The plain disc was placed on the pedestal of
the triaxial cell. The specimen was placed centrally on the disc. A correct size rubber membrane
was fitted inside the stretcher with ends of membrane folded over those of the stretcher. Vacuum

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was applied to stretch the membrane to the inside surface of the stretcher which was carefully
slipped around the specimen kept on the pedestal. The vacuum on the membrane was released. Its
bottom part was rolled down into the pedestal. plain disc was placed on the top of the specimen and
then loading pad was placed. The top part of membrane was rolled on to the loading pad. Then the
stretcher was removed and ends were sealed with ‘O’ rings. With the properly sealed specimen
placed centrally on the pedestal, the cell was assembled, keeping the loading piston initially clear
of the loading pad of the specimen, the assembly was placed in the loading frame.
For unconsolidated undrained test, the bottom drainage value (BDV) and top drainage value (TDV)
of cell, was closed and air release valve (ARV) was opened. The cell was filled with water through
the cell water value CWV. ARV was closed when water begins to escape through it. The cell
pressure was raised to the desired value and kept constant till the end of the test.
When the cell pressure was applied, the load piston rises upward, the loading machine was operated
at the anticipated rate to bring the load piston slightly above the loading pad of the specimen and
the load measuring dial gauge on proving ring was set to zero.
The piston was brought just in contact with loading pad by hand operation of the machine. The
axial compression dial gauge was mounted and set to read zero.
The axial loading was started at 1.25 mm/min rate of strain. Simultaneous readings on the load and
compression dial gauges were noted down. The test was continued until a recession of the axial
load is observed or 20% of strain.
After failure, the specimen was unloaded by reversing the loading machine, cell pressure was
reduced and cell water was drained out through BRV. The cell was dismantled and the specimen
was taken out, rubber membrane was removed and weight of the failed sample and its water content
was determined. The test was repeated on two more identical specimens with increasing cell
pressure.
 Consolidation Test (IS: 2720-Part-15)

This test deals with determination of consolidation properties of the soil. The soil particles used
are finer than75microns. The test is conducted to calculate the extent of long-term settlement and
time taken for complete settlement of the strata to take place.
Specimen Preparation
The object of sample preparation is to produce specimen of thickness 20mm and diameter of
60mm to be fitted in the consolidometer ring.
Procedure
Weight the empty consolidation ring, designated W1. If the specimen is to be prepared from tube
sample, use the consolidation ring as sampling device. The ring should be gradually inserted into
the sample by pressing with hand and carefully removing the material and the ring. A sample of
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soil similar to that in the ring, taken from the trimmings, shall be used for determining moisture
content. The thickness of the specimen (Ho) shall be measured and it shall be weighted
immediately (W2). The bottom porous stone shall be centered on the base of the consolidation
cell. The ring and specimen shall be placed centrally on the bottom porous stone, and the upper
porous stone and then the loading cap shall be placed on top. The consolidometer shall be placed
in position in the loading device and suitably adjusted. The dial gauge is then clamped into
position for recording the relative movement between the base of the consolidation cell and the
loading cap. A seating pressure of 0.05kgf/cm2shall be applied to the specimen. The consolidation
cell shall be filled with water. For consolidation testing, it is generally desirable that the applied
pressure at any loading stage be double than that at the preceding stage. The test may, therefore,
be continued using a loading sequence which would successively apply stress of 0.1, 0.25, 0.5,
1.0, 2.0, 4.0 & 8.0 kgf/cm2 on the soil specimen. For each loading increment, after application of
load, readings of the dial gauge shall be taken using a time sequence such as 0, 0.25, 1, 2.25, 4,
6.25, 9, 12.25, 16, 20.25, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100, 121, 144, 169, 196, 25, etc., min, up to 24 h or
0, ¼, ½, 1, 2,4, 15, 30, 60 min, and 2, 4, 8, 24 h. It is recommended that a 24-hr. load period is
commonly used for all load increments. On completion of the final loading stage, the specimen
shall be unloaded by pressure decrements which decrease the load to one-fourth of the last load.
Dial gauge readings may be taken as necessary during each stage of unloading. On completion of
this decrement, the water shall be siphoned out of the cell and the consolidometer shall be
dismantled after the release of the final load. The specimen within the ring shall be wiped clean
free from water, weighed W3 and thereafter placed in the oven for drying. Following drying, the
oven dried weight of specimen + ring weighed W4.
 Free Swell Index Test (IS: 2720 Part – 40)
Two oven dried soil samples of 10g each passed through 425 micron IS Sieve were taken. Each
soil specimen was poured in each of the two graduated glass cylinders of 100 ml. Capacity. One
cylinder was filled with kerosene oil and the other with distilled water up to the 100 ml. mark.
After removal of entrapped air (by gentle shaking or stirring with a glass road), the soils in both the
cylinders was allowed to settle. Sufficient time (not less than 24 h) was allowed for the soil sample
to attain equilibrium state of volume without any further change in the volume of the soils. The
final volume of soils in each of the cylinders was read out.
1.3.2.2 LABORATORY TESTS ON ROCK CORE SAMPLES

Rock samples recovered from various depths of strata were tested for the following properties:

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Table 1.7: Laboratory Tests for Rocks

Description of Test Specifications
Preparation of rock specimen IS: 9179
Specific gravity, porosity and water absorption IS: 13030
Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) IS: 9143
Point Load Index (PLI) IS: 8764
 The results of various laboratory tests conducted on selected rock core samples are shown vide
Appendix – B.
The detailed procedure adopted for conducting various laboratory tests is described in the following
paragraphs:
 Preparation of Rock Specimen (IS: 9179)
The core cut-off machine was used for cross cutting of rock core. Rock core was clamped in a vee-
block slotted to permit passage of wheel. Core was supported on both sides of the cut to avoid
spalling. Edge grinding was done using lathe. Sample was held directly in the chuck and rotated
and the grinding wheel was passed against it.
 Water Absorption (WA) & Specific Gravity (SG) (IS: 13030)
Following procedure was adopted to determine water absorption and specific gravity of rock
samples.
Approximately 500g of rock sample was thoroughly washed to remove finer particles and dust and
then immersed in distilled water for a period of 24 ± ½ hours. Mass of the basket submerged in the
immersion bath was noted down. Sample was transferred under water to the basket in the immersion
bath. Saturated submerged mass of the basket plus sample was noted. Mass of the clean dry sample
container and lid was noted. Sample was removed from the immersion bath and surface dried. Mass
of the saturated surface dry sample plus container was noted. Sample and the container with lid
were oven dried. Dried mass was noted.
 Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) (IS: 9143)
For the determination of UCS of rock core, length to diameter ratio of the cylindrical specimen was
kept between 2.0 to 3.0. The specimen ends were made flat. The specimen was kept on the lower
disc of compression testing machine. The axis of the specimen was carefully aligned with the center
of the thrust of the spherical seat. Load on the specimen was applied continuously at a constant
stress rate such that failure takes place in about 5 to 15 minutes of loading. The maximum load on
the specimen was recorded. The unconfined compressive strength of the specimen was calculated
by dividing the max load carried by the specimen during the test by the average original cross-
sectional area.

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 Point Load Index (PLI) (IS: 8764)

The diameter ‘D’ of the specimen measured in ‘mm’. The core specimen was tested after soaking
them. There are two methods to determine Point Load Index on rock cores.
a) Diametral Test
Core specimens with length/diameter ratio greater than 1.0 were used for diametral testing. The
specimen was inserted in the test machine and the platens were closed to make contact along a core
diameter, ensured the distance between contact point and the nearest free end was at least 0.50
times the core diameter.
Load was applied to the specimen such that failure occurs within 10-60s and the failure load ‘P’ is
recorded.
b) Axial Test
Core specimens with length/diameter ratio of 0.3 to 1.0 are suitable for axial testing. The specimen
was inserted in the test machine and the platens closed to make contact along a line perpendicular
to the core end faces.
Load was then applied to the specimen such that failure occurs within 10-60s and the failure load
‘P’ was recorded.

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CHAPTER 2 ANALYSIS OF TEST RESULTS AND INTERPRETATION

2.1 STRATIFICATION
From the study of the borehole logs of P-65A, it is revealed that the sub strata: -
BH No. From To IS Description

0.00 3.00 FILLED UP Filled up material
3.00 4.50 GRADE-I Fresh, Grey, Basalt Rock
P-65A 4.50 6.00 GRADE-III Moderated weathered, Basalt Rock
6.00 10.50 GRADE-I Fresh, Grey, Basalt Rock
10.50 12.00 GRADE-II Slightly weathered, Basalt Rock
2.2 GROUND WATER TABLE DEPTH
The Ground Water Table at the location of boreholes P-65A, was encountered at 3.90m in the
borehole below EGL. It may rise during heavy rains / rainy season. However, for the analysis of
foundations, the water table has been considered at Existing ground level.
2.3 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF SOIL

TABLE 2.2: Chemical Analysis of Water Samples
IS 3025 IS 3025 IS 3025

Method of Test Code (Part-11) : 1983 (Part-32) : 1986 (Part-24) : 1986
RA-2002 RA-2019 RA-2003
S. No. Bore Hole No. pH Chloride Content Sulphate Content
(mg/litr.) (mg/litr.)
1. P-65A 8.10 112 49
Max 2000mg/litr. For
Permissible Limit as Per concrete not containing
Not Less than 6 400 mg/litr.
IS-456 Table No. -01 embedded steel & 500
mg/litr., for RCC Work.

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CHAPTER 3 TYPE AND DEPTH OF FOUNDATION WITH ANALYSIS

3.1 TYPE & DEPTH OF FOUNDATION:
Based on the nature & strength characteristics of the substrata and requirement of the project, the
following type of foundation have been analyzed as given below:
foundation have been analyzed as given below:
Table 3.1: Size of Open Foundation
Type of Width of foundation/ Depth of

Structure ID BH No.
foundation Size of Foundation (m) Foundation (m)
Pier No. P-65A P-65A Open Foundation 6.00 X 6.00 4.00
Table 3.2: Size of Pile Foundation
Dia of Cut-off Start of

BH Type of Socket
Structure ID Pile Level Socket
No. foundation Length (m)
(m) (m) (m)
Bored Cast
Pier No. P-65A P-65A 1.0 & 1.2 2.0 1D,2D &3D 6.00
in-situ Pile
The details of foundation analysis are given in the subsequent paragraph.
3.1.1 ANALYSIS OF FOUNDATION EMBEDED IN ROCK

Aanalysis of foundations laid on rock has been done by the rock mass rating (RMR rating).
Estimation of RMR values
Rock Mass Rating (RMR) of jointed rock masses, may be worked out based on IS 13365 (Part I).
RMR are reproduced from Annexure B of IS 13365 (Part I) below for ready reference: -
Strength of Intact Rock material (MPa)
Compressive
Rating Basis
Strength (MPa)
Exceptionally Strong > 250 15
Very Strong 100 - 250 12
Strong 50 - 100 7
UCS values data of specific borehole
Average 25 - 50 4
from laboratory test is used in RMR
Weak 10 - 25 2
Very Weak 2 - 10 1
Extremely <2 0

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RQD
Compressive Strength (MPa) Rating Basis
Excellent 90 - 100 20
Good 75 - 90 17 RQD values data of specific borehole
Fair 50 - 75 13 given depth from relevant borehole is
Poor 25 - 50 8 used in RMR
Very Poor < 25 3
Spacing of Discontinuoties
Spacing, (m) Rating Basis
Very Wide >2 20
Wide 0.6-2 15 Spacing of discontinuities of
Moderate 0.2-0.6 10 specific borehole from filed
Close 0.06-0.2 8 observation is used in RMR
Very Close <0.06 5
Condition of Discontinuities
Very rough and Rough & Slightly rough Slicken sided 5mm thick soft
unweathered slightly and moderately wall rock surface gauge 5mm
rock wall rock, weathered wall to highly or 1-5mm wide wide
tight and rock surface, weathered wall opening, continuous
discontinuous, separation rock surface, continuous discontinuity
no seperation <1mm separation discontinuity
<1mm
30 25 20 10 0
Ground Water Condition

General Completely
Damp Wet Dripping Flowing
Description Dry
Rating 15 10 7 4 0
As per Table 3, IS 12070 (Latest) the safe bearing pressure value based on the RMR are given
below.
Net Safe Bearing Pressure Based on RMR as per IS 12070_Table-3
RMR 100-81 80-61 60-41 40-21 20-0
qns (t/m2) 600-448 440-288 280-141 135-48 45-30
𝜹=(𝟏−𝝁𝟐)/𝑬 (Reference: Duncan C Wyllie Foundation on Rock Equation No.5.18)

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Cd=Shape factor
𝜹=Settlement of foundation
𝒒=Safe Bearing Pressure
B=Width/Diameter Of Foundation
𝝁=Poissons Ratio
E=Youngs Modulus
The Net safe bearing Pressure of foundation calculated from RMR value will ensure settlement to
be less than 12mm.
The details of computation for working out the values of allowable bearing pressure for Open
foundation embedded in rock is attached vide Appendix – C-2.
3.1.2 NORMAL BORED CAST-IN SITU RCC PILE FOUNDATION:

The safe Load Carrying Capacity of normal bored cast in-situ RCC pile is determined in
compression, uplift and lateral as per IRC: 78 – 2014. The axial capacity of a pile depends
upon the soil skin friction along the shaft and end bearing at its tip.
Thus, Axial load = Skin Friction + End-bearing
A) FOR PILES IN GRANULAR SOILS (USING THE STATIC FORMULA)

Qu = (0.5*D*γ*Nγ + PD*Nq) *Ap + (ΣKi*PDi*tanδi)*Asi
Where,
Qu = Ultimate load capacity of pile in
KN D = dia. of pile shaft in m
γ = effective unit weight of the soil at pile tip in kN/m3

Nγ & Nq = bearing capacity factors depending upon the angle of internal friction Φ at pile tip
(Nγfrom IS 6403 for general shear failure case & Nq from Fig. 1, IS 2911)
PD = effective overburden pressure at pile tip in kN/m2 limited to 20 times diameter of

pile
Σ = Summation for layers (1 to n) in which pile is installed and which contribute
to (+ve)skin friction
Ki = coefficient of earth pressure applicable for the ith layer

PDi = effective overburden pressure for the ith layer in kN/m2 limited to 20 times diameter
of pile

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δi = angle of wall friction between pile and soil for ith layer, and
Asi = surface area of pile shaft in the ith layer in m2

B) FOR PILES IN COHESIVE SOILS (USING THE STATIC FORMULA)
Qu = cp*Nc*Ap + Σαi*ci*Asi
Where
Qu = Ultimate load capacity of pile in KN
Ap = cross-sectional area of pile tip in m2
Nc = bearing capacity factor (= 9)
Σ = Summation for layers (1 to n) in which pile is installed and which contribute to (+ve)
skin friction
αi = adhesion factor for the ith layer depending on the consistency of soil
ci = average cohesion for ith layer in kN/m2
Asi = surface area for pile shaft in the ith layer in m2

C) FOR COMPUTATION OF SAFE LOAD CARRYING CAPACITY OF PILE IN LATERAL,
THE FOLLOWING EQUATION HASBEEN USED:
i. Fixed Head Condition
1.1 Q = (12 * E * I * Y) / (L1 + LF)3
ii. Free Head Condition
1.2 Q = (3 * E * I * Y) / (L1 + LF)3
Where,
Q = Lateral Load (in kg)
Y = Permissible lateral deflection taken as 5mm
E = Modulus of Elasticity of concrete
I = Moment of Inertia of the pile cross-

sectionL1 = Length of pile above cut-off
level
Lf = Length of fixity
3.1.3 Axial Load Carrying Capacity in Rock:
Piles in rocks and weathered rocks of varying degree of weathering derive their capacity by end
bearing and socket side resistance. The ultimate load carrying capacity may be calculated from one
of the two approaches given below:
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Where cores of the rock can be taken and unconfined compressive strength directly established
using standard method of testing, the approach described in method 1 shall be used. In situations
where strata is highly fragmented, where RQD is nil or (CR+RQD)/2 is less than 30 percent, or
where strata is not classified as a granular or clayey soil, or when the crushing strength is less than
1 0 MPa, the approach described in method 2 shall be used. Also, for weak rock like chalk, mud
stone, clay stone, shale and other intermediate rocks, method 2 is applicable.
MEHTOD 1:
Qu = Re + Raf = Ksp.qc.df.Ab + As Cus
Q allow= (Re/3) + (Raf/6)
Where,
Qu = Ultimate capacity of pile socketed into rock in Newtons
Q allow = Allowable capacity of Pile
Re = Ultimate end bearing
Raf, = Ultimate side socket shear
Ksp = An empirical co-efficient whose value ranges from 0.3 to 1.2 as per the table below for the
rocks where core recovery is reported, and cores tested for uniaxial compressive strength.
(CR + RQD)/2 Ksp
30 % 0.3
100 % 1.2
CR = Core Recovery in percent

RQD - Rock Quality Designation in percent
For Intermediate values, Ksp shall be linearly interpolated
qc = Average unconfined compressive strength of rock core below base of pile for the depth twice
the diameter/least lateral dimension of pile in MPa
Ab = Cross-sectional area of base of pile

df = Depth factor = 1 + 0.4 x (Length of Socket /Diameter of Socket)
However, value of df should not be taken more than 1.2.
A = Surface area of socket
Cus = Ultimate shear strength of rock along socket length,
= 0.225 (qc)^1/2, but restricted to shear capacity of concrete of the pile, to be taken as 3.0 MPa
for M 35 concrete in confined condition, which for other strength of concrete can be modified
by a factor V(fck/35)
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METHOD 2:
This method is applicable when cores and/or core testing result are not available, or when geo-
material is highly fragmented. The shear strength of geo-material is obtained from its correlation
with extrapolated SPT values for 300 mm of penetration as given in table below:
Shear Strength/Consistency Moderately Weak Weak Very Weak
Approx. N Value 300-200 200-100 100-60
Shear Strength/Cohesion in MPa 3.3-1.9 1.9-0.7 0.7-0.4
Qu=Re + Raf = Cub Nc Ab + Cus As

Q allow = (Re/3) + (Raf/6)
where
Cub - Average shear strength below base of pile, for the depth equal to twice the diameter/least
lateral dimension of pile, based on average 'N' value of this region
Cus - Ultimate shear strength along socket length, to be obtained from table, based on average 'N'
value of socket portion. This shall be restricted to shear capacity of concrete of the pile, to be
taken as 3.0 MPa for M 35 concrete in confined condition, which for other strengths of
concrete can be modified by a factor V(fck/35) Intermediate values C ub and Cus can be
interpolated linearly.
L = Length of socket.
Nc =9.
Q allow = Allowable capacity of pile.
The extrapolated values of 'N' greater than 300 shall be limited to 300 while using this method.
The effective length of the pile has been considered below the cut-off level taken as 2.0m below
the EGL.

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CHAPTER 4 FOUNDATION RECOMMENDATIONS

4.1 FOUNDATION RECOMMENDATIONS
 Considering the nature of sub-surface strata & type of proposed structures, Open Foundation have
been analysed at structure location.
 Based on the method of analysis & design parameters given under Para 3.1.1.1 above, the
following values of allowable bearing capacity may be taken for design of foundations: -
Table 4.1: Recommended Net Allowable Bearing Capacity for Open Foundation
Safe Bearing Pressure

Foundation Size (m)
Embedment Below
Recommended Net
Depth of Run (m)
pressure in rock
Net safe bearing
in Rock (T/m2)
Structure ID
Foundation
EGL (m)
BH No.
(T/m2)
RMR
Pier No. P-65 A P-65 A 3.00-4.50 4.00 6.00 X 6.00 17 41.69 40.0
TABLE 4.2: SAFE LOAD CARRYING CAPACITY OF NORMAL BORED CAST IN-SITU RCC PILE
In Lateral (Fixed head condition) for 10 mm
Length of fixity below EGL Fixed Head

Safe Axial Load Carrying Capacity
In Lateral (Fixed head condition) for 5 mm
Length of fixity below EGL Free Head

In Lateral (Free head condition) for 5 mm
mm lateral deflection at cutoff level (T)

In Lateral (Free head condition) for 10
lateral deflection at cutoff level (T)

Length of Pile below Cut off
Socket Length into Rock
Diameter of Pile (m)
Uplift Capacity (t)

Cut off length(m)
Depth of Pile Toe

Start of Socket
Socket Length
Level(m)
BH No.
S. No.
(m)
(m)
41
(t)
1.0 2.0 1D 1.0 5.0 7.0 440 85
1.0 2.0 2D 2.0 6.0 8.0 510 205 13 26 33 66 7.5 8.4
1.0 2.0 3D 3.0 7.0 9.0 580 326

P-65A
1. 6.0
1.2 2.0 1D 1.2 5.2 7.2 640 131
1.2 2.0 2D 2.4 6.4 8.4 740 305 18 42 45 107 8.3 9.4
1.2 2.0 3D 3.6 7.6 9.6 850 479

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Notes: -
1. The self-weight of the pile has been taken into account while computing the Safe Load Carrying Capacity of
Pile in uplift only and not considered for vertical load capacity in compression.
2. The safe load carrying capacity of piles have been worked out on the basis of IRC 78-2014 as per provisions /
assumptions provided therein & are only an assessment based on characteristics of the sub-strata obtained at the
locations of the above BHs. The safe load carrying capacities as tabulated above will further depend substantially on
the piling technique adopted and equipment used for making the piles in the field. However, for the final designs &
constructions, the safe/allowable load carrying capacities of these piles should be taken by conducting actual initial
load tests on these piles by casting them in the respective areas.
3. While erecting normal bored cast in-situ pile, utmost care should be taken while flushing/cleaning the
bottom of pile particularly prior to start of pouring of concrete so as o rest the pile in virgin soil only for
obtaining full point bearing as while computing safe load carrying capacity of pile no bottom softening
during erection of pile has been considered.
4. Further the pile should have necessary structural strength to transmit/sustain the design load.
5. The safe load capacity of piles in uplift will be limited to the structural capacity of the piles in tension
due to uplift if the same is lower.
6. The above recommendations are based on the field and laboratory tests conducted on selected soil
samples and our experience in this regard. If the actual substrata conditions during excavation for the
foundation differ from the observations reported here, the design experts/consultants should be referred
for suggestion, further investigations. However, the effective length of pile is to be decided by the
structural designer depending upon the type of loading/structural requirement and site conditions.

26 of 42
Abbreviations
BH Borehole
ERT Electrical Resistivity Test
EGL Existing Ground Level
CR Core Recovery
RQD Rock Quality Designation
N SPT Penetration Value
GWT Ground Water Table
IS Indian Standards
SPT Standard Penetration Test
DS Disturbed Soil
R.L. Reduced Level
m Meter
sp. gr. Specific Gravity
% Percentage

27 of 42
APPENDIX - A 1 Legend
Location Plan of Borehole (TTL/GCL/242510/GTI-04) BHs
➤
28 of 42
N
Image © 2024 Airbus 30 m
29 of 42
30 of 42
Report Sheet
Project : 242510_Mumbai Metro
Field Bore Log Page 1 of 1
Borehole Name.: A-65 Existing Ground Level(m): 0.000 Standing Water Level(m): 27.840
Commenced on : 04 July 2024 Completed on : 07 July 2024
Type of Boring Hyd. with Bent. with casing Hyd. with Bent. without casin Site :Part Design and Construction of Elevated Mumbai Metro Line 12
Dia of Hole (mm): 100 75 Client :M/S Gawar Construction Limited
Job No. : 242510
Depth(m): 0.00-0.00 0.00-12.00 Co-ordinates : N- 2126187.372, E- 302393.164
Thickness
SPT Record
Depth of Sample Sample Sample Core
Description of Strata Classification Symbol SPT Curve R.Q.D. Remarks
Strata Depth(m) Type Ref.No. Recovery
0-150 150-300 300-450 N
-1
0.00 To
3.00 Filled up material
-3.00
-2
-1.00 To D DS-01
-3.00
-3
-3.00 To Fresh,Very poor,Fine

1.50 GRADE-I
-4.50 -3.00 To C RC-01 grained,Grey,Basalt rock 98 7
-4 -4.50
-5
Moderately
-4.50 To
1.50 weathered,Poor,Fine GRADE-III
-6.00 -4.50 To C RC-02 69 46
grained,Grey,Basalt rock
-6.00
-6
-6.00 To Fresh,Good,Fine
1.50 GRADE-I
-7.50 -6.00 To C RC-03 grained,Grey,Basalt rock 97 84
-7 -7.50
-8
-7.50 To C RC-04 99 97
-9.00
-7.50 To Fresh,Ecellent,Fine
3.00 -9 GRADE-I
-10.50 grained,Grey,Basalt rock
-9.00 To C RC-05 96 95
-10 -10.50
-11
Slightly
-10.50 To
1.50 weathered,Good,Fine GRADE-II
-12.00 -10.50 To C RC-06 89 86
-12.00
D-Disturbed Sample, U-Undisturbed Sample, P-Standard Penetration Test,C-Core, W-Water Sample, V-Vane Test Site Person-Gulam
D:1 U:0 V:0 C:6 P:0 W: 0
31 of 42
BH-P-65A
BH-P-65A
32 of 42
SOIL CHARACTERISTICS
Termination
Date of Boring Chainage/Location B.H. No. Depth of Water Table Cordinates (N,E) R.L. Ref. Code
Part Design and Construction of Elevated Via Duct (Chainage (-)86.224m to Depth
Project (+)21316.022) and 19 Elevated stations of MML - 12 (Kalyan to Taloja)- Mumbai
Metro Line 12
04-07-2024 to 07-07-2024 - P-65A 3.90 m 12.00 m 2126187.372 m 302393.164 m (+)31.740 m TTL/GCL/242510/GTI-04
Swelling Pressure
Grain Size Distribution % wt retained Atterberg Limits % Shear Strength
Natural Moisture
Consolidation Parameters
Free Swell Index

IS Classification
Depth from G.L.
Specific Gravity
Corrected SPT
Observed SPT
Sample Type
Bulk Density
Permeability
Content (%)
Dry Density
IS Symbol
Sand Gravel
Value (Nc)
Value (N)
Compression
(cm/sec)
(kg/cm )
Plastic Limit
Liquid Limit
Type of Test
Friction (φ°)
(g/cm )
(g/cm3)
Cohesion C
2
3
Void Ratio
Shrinkage
Index (Cc)
(cm2/Sec)
Plasticity
Pressure
Angle of
(cm2/Kg)
(%)
(m)
(kg/cm2)
Mv x 10-2
2)
Cv x 10-4
Soil Description
Medium
(kg/cm
Index
Limit
Coarse
Coarse
Clay
Silt
(e0)
Fine
Fine
DS 0.00 - - Filled up material - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Fresh,Very poor,Fine C. R. = 98 % R.Q.D. = 7 % - - - - - - - P.L.I. = 325.93 (t/m²)

RC-1 3.00 - - GRADE-I -
Moderately weathered,Poor,Fine C. R. = 69 % R.Q.D. = 46 % - W.A. = 0.60 % Density = 2.62 (g/cc) Porosity = 1.57 % - - - U.C.S. = 3484.03 (t/m²)
RC-2 4.50 - - GRADE-III -
Fresh,Good,Fine C. R. = 97 % R.Q.D. = 84 % - W.A. = 0.92 % Density = 2.62 (g/cc) Porosity = 2.41 % - - - U.C.S. = 3807.43 (t/m²)
RC-3 6.00 - - GRADE-I -
RC-4 7.50 - - GRADE-I - C. R. = 99 % R.Q.D. = 97 % - W.A. = 0.52 % Density = 2.66 (g/cc) Porosity = 1.38 % - - - U.C.S. = 3880.91 (t/m²)
Fresh,Ecellent,Fine
RC-5 9.00 - - GRADE-I - C. R. = 96 % R.Q.D. = 95 % - W.A. = 0.40 % Density = 2.69 (g/cc) Porosity = 1.08 % - - - U.C.S. = 7189.05 (t/m²)
Slightly weathered,Good,Fine C. R. = 89 % R.Q.D. = 86 % - W.A. = 0.74 % Density = 2.73 (g/cc) Porosity = 2.02 % - - - U.C.S. = 4660.04 (t/m²)
RC-6 10.50 - - GRADE-II -
33 of 42
DETERMINATION OF RMR
RMR Value Based (By using IS 13365 Part 1)
IV (Condition of
Discontinuities)
Discontinuities)
VI (Adjustment
Rock Material)
III (Spacing of
Compressive Point Load
I (Strength of
Orientation)
S. Depth Depth
V (Ground
Condition)
For Joint
II (RQD)
Borehole No. CR (%) RQD (%) Strength, UCS Index, PLI
Water
No. (from) (to) RMR SBC (t/m²)
(MPa) (MPa)
1 P-65A 3.00 4.50 98.00 7.00 - 3.20 7 3 5 10 7 -15 17 41.69
34 of 42

BH No. P-65A Dia-1m 1D
Calculation for Load Carrying Capacity of Pile in Rock as per IRC- 78 :2014
INPUT DATA
Socket top level 6

Cutoff level in m. 2
Length of Pile below Cutoff level in m. 5.00
D = diameter of Pile, in mm; 1000.00
Length of Socket into rock in mm 1000.00
l s=socket length into rock in mm (for calculation neglecting top 300 mm as per IRC 78:2014 Pg 80) 700.00
Core Recovery (CR), % 97.00

Rock Quality Designation (RQD),% 84.00
(CR+RQD)/2 in % 90.50
Ksp = An Empirical co-efficient 1.08
qc = Unconfined compressive strength Mpa (min) 37.33
2,
CUS=Ultimate shear strength along the socket length=0.225√qc t/m max. 3.0 for M35 1.37
Avg. qc for calculating CUS considering all Rock layers = 37.33
Factor of safety for end Bearing 3.00
Factor of safety for side socket shear 6.00
Assume Density of saturated concrete (t/m3) 1.5
Safe Load Carrying Capacity of Pile in Rock as per IRC- 78 :2014

Qs = Re / F.O.S + Raf / F.O.S= Ksp .qc . df . Ab / F.O.S + As . CUS/ F.O.S
where
Qs = safe load capacity of pile, in tonnes;
Re = Ultimate end bearing ( F.O.S =3 )
Raf = Ultimate side socket shear ( F.O.S =6 )
Ksp = An Empirical co-efficient whose value ranges from 0.3 to 1.2 depending on CR & RQD
qc = Average Unconfined compressive strength T/m2;
df = depth factor = 1 + 0.4 ls / D,
Ab = Cross sectional area of base of pile , pD2 /4
D = diameter of Pile, in m;
l s = socket length into the rock in m;
As = Surface Area of socket,
qs = Ultimate shear along the socket.
(The value of qs may be taken between 20 kg/cm2 to 50 kg/cm2
df = depth factor = 1 + 0.4 (2D/D), limited to 1.2
Ab = area of pile toe, pD2 /4,
Estimation
df = depth factor = 1 + 0.4 ls / D, = 1.40 m max. 1.20 m = 1.20 m

2
Ab = Cross sectional area of base of pile , pD /4 785000.0
AS = Surface Area of socket= pDls 2198000.0
Ultimate end bearing Re =Ksp .qc . df . Ab = 37907274.9 N
Ultimate side socket bearing Raf =AS. CUS = 3021798.04 N
Safe End Bearing = Re/ FOS = 1263.58 tonnes or

= 1609.65 t/m2 max. 500.00 2
t/m as per
IRC 78:2014
2
= 500.00 t/m
= 392.50 tonnes
Safe Side Socket Bearing = Raf / F.O.S. = 50.36 tonnes
Safe Load Carrying Capacity = Safe end bearing + Safe Side Socket bearing
= 442.86 tonnes
say 440 tonnes
Uplift Capacity (t) =Safe Side Socket Bearing + Weight of Pile = (0.7*302.18/2.5)
85 t
35 of 42
INPUT DATA
Socket top level 6


(CR+RQD)/2 in % 90.50
2,

where
Estimation

2

= 1609.65 t/m2 max. 500.00 2
t/m as per
IRC 78:2014
2
= 500.00 t/m
= 392.50 tonnes
= 514.81 tonnes
say 510 tonnes
Uplift Capacity (t) =Safe Side Socket Bearing + Weight of Pile (0.7*733.87/2.5)
205 t
36 of 42
INPUT DATA
Socket top level 6


(CR+RQD)/2 in % 90.50
2,

where
Estimation

2

= 1609.65 t/m2 max. 500.00 2
t/m as per
IRC 78:2014
2
= 500.00 t/m
= 392.50 tonnes
= 586.76 tonnes
say 580 tonnes
326 t
37 of 42
BH No. P-65A Dia-1.2m 1D
INPUT DATA
Socket top level 6


(CR+RQD)/2 in % 90.50
2,

where
Estimation

2

= 1609.65 t/m2 max. 500.00 2
t/m as per
IRC 78:2014
2
= 500.00 t/m
= 565.20 tonnes
= 642.90 tonnes
say 640 tonnes
131 t
38 of 42
INPUT DATA
Socket top level 6


(CR+RQD)/2 in % 90.50

CUS=Ultimate shear strength along the socket length=0.225√q c t/m2,max. 3.0 for M35 1.37

where
2
qc = Average Unconfined compressive strength T/m ;
2
Ab = Cross sectional area of base of pile , pD /4
2
Ab = area of pile toe, pD /4,
Estimation

Ab = Cross sectional area of base of pile , pD2 /4 1130400.0

= 1609.65 t/m 2 max. 500.00 t/m 2 as per
IRC 78:2014
= 500.00 t/m 2
= 565.20 tonnes
= 746.51 tonnes
say 740 tonnes
Uplift Capacity (t) =Safe Side Socket Bearing (0.7*1087.85/2.5)

305 t
39 of 42
INPUT DATA
Socket top level 6


(CR+RQD)/2 in % 90.50
2,

where
Estimation

2

= 1609.65 t/m2 max. 500.00 2
t/m as per
IRC 78:2014
2
= 500.00 t/m
= 565.20 tonnes
= 850.11 tonnes
say 850 tonnes
479 t
40 of 42
Lateral Load capacity of Pile
BH-P-65A
Type of Strata = Sandy

Le = Embedded Length of Pile in Meter = 9.600 m Fck = 35.0 N/mm2 D = 100 cm
Bed level 0.0 m

Pile cap bottom level below EGL -2.0 m
Max. of cutoff/ Liquefaction / Scour Depth
-2.0 m
below EGL
2 2 295803.99 2
E = Young's Modulus of Pile (Kg/cm ) = 5000 Fck N/mm = Kg/cm
2 4 4908738.5 4
I = Moment of Inertia ( cm ) = pxD /64 = cm
N = Weighted Avarage N Value = 50.0
ηh = Modulus of Subgrade Reaction for Granular Soils, ηh, in kN/m3 = 7.333
3
K1 = Constant for Sandy / Normally Consolidated Clay (Kg/cm ) = 0.733
T, Relative stiffness factor in Sand EI = 288.0 cm

T = 5 K1
For Long Pile If Le > 4T

L1 = = 0.000 cm
L1 = 0.00
T
For Free Head Pile
Lf = 1.900 From Fig. 4
T
Lf = 547.1269 cm
Equivalent length of cantilever L= L1+LF= 0.00 + 547.13 = 547.1269 cm
3
Y = Pile Head Deflection ( Cm) = Q( L1 + LF ) ( for free Head pile)
3 EI
Q = Lateral Load in Kg
Lateral Load For Pile Head Deflection .5 cm Q = 13298.45 Kg
= 13 T
Safe Lateral resistance of Pile = Lateral resistance corresponding to deflection 1.0% of Pile Diameter 1.0 cm
= 26.59689 T
Say 26 T
For Fixed Head Pile
T
Lf = 638.99 cm
3
Y = Pile Head Deflection ( Cm) = Q( L1 + LF ) ( for fixed Head pile)
12 EI
= 33 T
= 66.79 T
Say 66 T
41 of 42
Lateral Load capacity of Pile
P-65A
Type of Strata = Sandy

Le = Embedded Length of Pile in Meter = 9.600 m Fck = 35.0 N/mm2 D = 120 cm
Bed level 0.0 m

Pile cap bottom level below EGL -2.000 m
Max. of cutoff/ Liquefaction / Scour Depth
-2.0 m
below EGL
2 2 295803.99 2
E = Young's Modulus of Pile (Kg/cm ) = 5000 Fck N/mm = Kg/cm
2 4 10178760.2 4
I = Moment of Inertia ( cm ) = pxD /64 = cm
N = Weighted Avarage N Value = 50.0
ηh = Modulus of Subgrade Reaction for Granular Soils, ηh, in kN/m3 = 7.333
3
K1 = Constant for Sandy / Normally Consolidated Clay (Kg/cm ) = 0.733
T, Relative stiffness factor in Sand EI = 333.2 cm

T = 5 K1
For Long Pile If Le > 4T

L1 = = 0.000 cm
L1 = 0.00
T
For Free Head Pile
T
Lf = 633.0428 cm
3
Y = Pile Head Deflection ( Cm) = Q( L1 + LF ) ( for free Head pile)
3 EI
= 17.80291 T
= 42.72697 T
Say 42 T
For Fixed Head Pile
T
Lf = 739.33 cm
3
Y = Pile Head Deflection ( Cm) = Q( L1 + LF ) ( for fixed Head pile)
12 EI
= 45 T
= 107.29 T
Say 107 T
42 of 42

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GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION

GAWAR CONSTRUCTION LTD

Project Code- Report Ref. No. Revision No. Date

TTL ENGINEERING PVT. LTD.

Subject :- Detailed Geotechnical Investigation Works including Laboratory Testing of

Very truly yours,

Vikas Kumar Neeraj Kumar Sharma

Project Code Report Ref. No. Revision No. Date

TTL Engineering Pvt. Ltd.

TTL Engineering Pvt. Ltd.

1.2 SITE LOCATION & GENERAL GEOLOGICAL HISTORY

TTL Engineering Pvt. Ltd.

Figure 1: - Geological Map of Thane District

1.3 SCOPE OF WORK

TTL Engineering Pvt. Ltd.

TTL Engineering Pvt. Ltd.

1.3.1 FIELD INVESTIGATION

TTL Engineering Pvt. Ltd.

(i) Standard Penetration Test:

1.3.1.2 FIELD INVESTIGATION IN ROCK STRATA

TTL Engineering Pvt. Ltd.

Relation between RQD and In-situ Rock Quality

Natural Moisture Content / Bulk / Dry

Specific Gravity IS: 2720 (Part – 3) - √

TTL Engineering Pvt. Ltd.

 Natural water content

Diameter of the particles (D):

HR = effective depth corresponding to R n , in cm.

Percentage finer than diameter D:

Gs = specific gravity of soil particle

TTL Engineering Pvt. Ltd.

 Specific Gravity (IS: 2720-Part-3 Sec-1)

 Direct Shear Test (IS: 2720-Part-13)

TTL Engineering Pvt. Ltd.

 Consolidation Test (IS: 2720-Part-15)

1.3.2.2 LABORATORY TESTS ON ROCK CORE SAMPLES

TTL Engineering Pvt. Ltd.

Table 1.7: Laboratory Tests for Rocks

TTL Engineering Pvt. Ltd.

 Point Load Index (PLI) (IS: 8764)

TTL Engineering Pvt. Ltd.

CHAPTER 2 ANALYSIS OF TEST RESULTS AND INTERPRETATION

BH No. From To IS Description

2.3 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF SOIL

IS 3025 IS 3025 IS 3025

TTL Engineering Pvt. Ltd.

CHAPTER 3 TYPE AND DEPTH OF FOUNDATION WITH ANALYSIS

foundation have been analyzed as given below:

Table 3.1: Size of Open Foundation

Type of Width of foundation/ Depth of

Pier No. P-65A P-65A Open Foundation 6.00 X 6.00 4.00

Table 3.2: Size of Pile Foundation

Dia of Cut-off Start of

3.1.1 ANALYSIS OF FOUNDATION EMBEDED IN ROCK

Strength of Intact Rock material (MPa)

TTL Engineering Pvt. Ltd.

Ground Water Condition

Net Safe Bearing Pressure Based on RMR as per IS 12070_Table-3

RMR 100-81 80-61 60-41 40-21 20-0

qns (t/m2) 600-448 440-288 280-141 135-48 45-30