Joshua Aaron Roberson

A Lexicon of Ancient Egyptian Cryptography of the

New Kingdom
Enigmatic Writing in the Egyptian
New Kingdom

Edited by
David Klotz
Andréas Stauder

Volume 12/2
Zeitschrift für ägyptische Sprache
und Altertumskunde – Beiheft

Edited by
Susanne Bickel
John Baines
Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert
Elke Blumenthal
Antonio Loprieno
Julia Budka
Tonio Sebastian Richter
Richard Parkinson
Kim Ryholt
Stephan J. Seidlmayer
Jean Winand

Volume 12/2
Joshua Aaron Roberson
A Lexicon of Ancient Egyptian
Cryptography of the New
Kingdom
ISBN 9783110683660
e-ISBN (PDF) 9783110683851
e-ISBN (EPUB) 9783110684049
Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche
Nationalbibliothek
The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in
the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic
data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de.
© 2020 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Contents
Acknowledgments
Abbreviations
Works cited
Introductionary Notes
§ 1 Introduction
§ 2 Scope and limits of the cryptographic corpus
§ 3 Organization of the corpus
§ 4 Typographical conventions
§ 5 Citation conventions
§ 6 Substitution mechanisms
6.1 Acrophony
6.2 The Consonantal Principle
6.3 Class substitutions
6.4 Direct representation, antonomasia, and
metonymy
6.5 Logograms and the rebus principle
6.6 Objects held or worn by cipher-figures
6.7 Phonetic interchange
 6.8 Shape substitutions and substitutions from the
Hieratic
6.9 Sportive writings or “visual puns”
6.10 Synecdoche: part for whole and whole for part
6.11 Synonymy
6.12 Unknown mechanisms

Part 1 Cryptographic sign-list

A Men
B Women
C Anthropomorphic deities
D Parts of the human body
E Mammals
F Parts of Mammals
G Birds
H Parts of birds
I Amphibians, reptiles, and their parts
K Fish and their parts
L Invertebrates
 M Plants
N Earth, sky, and water
O Buildings and their parts
P Ships and their parts
Q Domestic and funerary furniture
R Temple furniture and sacred emblems
S Crowns, dress, and staves
T Warfare, hunting, and butchery
U Agriculture, crafts, and professional tools
V Rope, fiber, and baskets
W Vessels of stone and earthenware
X Loaves and cakes
Y Writing, games, and music
Z Strokes and signs derived from Hieratic
Aa Unclassified

Part 2 Reverse Index of Cryptographic

Values, by Phonetic Order
Appendix: Index of cryptographic signs by number
A Men
B Women
C Anthropomorphic deities
D Parts of the human body
E Mammals
F Parts of mammals
G Birds
H Parts of birds
I Reptiles and their parts
K Fish and their parts
L Invertebrates
M Plants
N Earth, sky, water
O Buildings and their parts
P Ships and their parts
Q Domestic and funerary furniture
 R Temple furniture and sacred emblems
S Crowns, dress, and staves
T Warfare, hunting, and butchery
U Agriculture, crafts, and professions
V Rope, fiber, and baskets
W Stone and ceramic vessels
X Bread loaves and cakes
Y Writing and games
Z Strokes and dots
Aa Unclassified

Acknowledgments
No one should brave the Underworld alone.
– Anne Danielewski (Poe), “Hello.”

The study of Egyptian cryptography has experienced

something of a renaissance over the past decade. This
renewed interest owes a tremendous debt to John
Darnell’s seminal publication of the Enigmatic Netherworld
Books of the Solar-Osirian Unity (2004), with its detailed
investigation of the “normal” cryptographic system. In
addition, over the past thirty-five years, all of the other
major cosmological books have been published in
updated, modern editions. 1 Without those works, the
present volume would not exist. Furthermore, numerous
cryptic sign-lists, published as addenda to various
monographs and shorter articles, 2 have lightened the
burden of sifting through this daunting corpus. Alongside
the cosmological material, et al., which I collected initially,
David Klotz has contributed a number of exemplars and
alternate readings from private monuments, as well as
miscellaneous royal inscriptions, exemplars from the
Book of Nut, and additional references, all of which have
increased considerably the scope and utility of the
Lexicon’s corpus. Daniel Werning has provided insightful
criticisms regarding certain sign values and their
derivations. I extend my thanks also to Rosa Erika Feleg,
for her feedback on select signs from the Luxor temple
complex, and to my graduate assistants Tanya Olson (Fall
2017), for additional proofreading, and Rachel Suddreth
(Spring 2018), for additional references. Finally, I
acknowledge with tremendous gratitude the 2015
Eikones conference on New Kingdom cryptography in
Basel, Switzerland, organized by Andréas Stauder and
David Klotz, with the generous support of Ralph Ubl and
“eikones – Zentrum für die Theorie und Geschichte des
Bildes” (National Center of Competence and Research of
the Universität Basel and Swiss National Science
Foundation) and of Susanne Bickel and the Departement
Altertumswissenschaften der Universität Basel, which has
served as the impetus to draw this work to an acceptable
– and hopefully useful – conclusion.
Abbreviations
↑/↓ See entry above/below
Abydos 1 Abydos inscription of Ramesses II, el-
Noubi 2005, 340 (= →Klotz 2012b, 23;
→Lurson 2017, 227).
Abydos 2 Abydos stela of Minmose, Ab K 2280 (=
Effland and Effland 2004, 13–16).
AMD Book of Amduat, ed. →Hornung 1987–
1994.
Aksha Enigmatic inscription at Aksha, →Rodrigo
1985.
AOTSB Book of the Awakening of Osiris and
Transit of the Solar Barques, ed.
→Roberson 2013.
BC Book of Caverns, ed. →Piankoff 1942–
1945.
BE Book of the Earth, ed. →Roberson 2012.
BG Book of Gates, ed. →Hornung 1979–1980.
BSOU Book of the Solar-Osirian Unity, ed.
→Darnell 2004.
CT Coffin Texts, ed. de Buck and Gardiner
1935–1961.
DAY Book of the Day, ed. →Müller-Roth 2008.
Djehuty H1 TT11, sun hymn, ed. →Espinel 2010, 306–
312.
Djehuty H2 TT11, chthonic hymn, ed. →Espinel 2010,
312–318.
Djehutyseneb Private inscription, ed. Hintze, Ricke, et al.
1989.
Frankfurt Palette Scribal palette, Liebieghaus IN 1899,
in →Seidlmayer 1991.
HDCT Hieroglyphic Dictionary of Ancient Egyptian
Coffin Texts, ed. Van der Molen 2000.
Khaemhat TT 57, in →Drioton 1933a, 2–14, Text A.
KRI Ramesside Inscriptions, ed. →Kitchen
1975–1990.
LE Lower Egypt.
LGG Lexikon der ägyptischen Götter und
Götterbezeichnungen, ed. →Leitz 2002–
2003.
Louvre C65 Louvre stela C 65, in →Drioton 1933a, 23–
34, Texts D and E.
Louvre Palette Scribal palette, Louvre, in →Seidlmayer
1991, Fig. a.
MLEU Late Period Underworld sarcophagi, after
Manassa, Late Egyptian Underworld
(→Manassa 2007).
MMA Palette Scribal Palette, MMA 30.7.1, in →Drioton
1933a, 14–20, Text B.
Neferrenpet Louvre statue 14241, in →Drioton 1933a,
20–23, Text C.
Nefertari Deir el-Medina block inscribed with
queen’s cryptic titulary (Cairo JE 72051),
in →Taterka 2015 78–80 and fig. 8.
NIGHT Book of the Night, ed. →Roulin 1996.
NUT Book of Nut, ed. Von Lieven 2007.
Parennefer TT unnumbered, private inscription, ed.
Kampp 1994 (= →Darnell 2004, pl. 1, B–E).
RII Cryptic titularies and misc. inscriptions of
Ramesses II, in →Drioton 1934, 196
(Luxor forecourt east architrave);
→Drioton 1936a (Protocols D–E);
→Drioton 1940 (Abu Simbel 1–4, 7–14, 16;
Luxor 1–7, 10–12, 15, 18, 20, 24, 26, 28–30,
32, 40–43); →Kuentz 1971 (Luxor pylon);
and →Boraik 2008 (Luxor unnumbered);
Klotz 2019.
RRI IX Roberson, Ramesside Inscriptions, vol. IX
(→Roberson 2018a).
RVI Cryptic titulary of Ramesses VI, in →Abitz
1989, 92, figs. 1–14.
Semna Statuette Statuette of Djehutymose from
Semna, MFA 24.743, in Klotz and Brown
2016.
SETY Cryptic titularies and misc. inscriptions of
Sety I, in →Drioton 1936a (Protocols A–C,
F); and Drioton 1940 (Gurna 1–12, 14–19).
SHADOW Shadow-Clock text, Osireion, in Frankfort
et al. 1933, pls. 82–83; Von Bomhard 2014.
TT32 Theban Tomb 32 (Djehutymes), semi-
cryptic spellings published in →Fábián
1998–1999.
UE Upper Egypt.
Urk. IV Urkunden der 18. Dynastie, ed. →Sethe
1906–1909.
Wb Wörterbuch der aegyptischen Sprache, ed.
Erman and Grapow 1971.
WHb Book of Caverns, ed. →Werning 2011.

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Tomb of Tutankhamun,” Studien zur Altägyptische Kultur 8:
233–236.
Taterka, Filip. 2015. “Ancient Egyptian Royal Cryptography
in the Ramesside Period,” in: M. Zadka (ed.), Antropologia
Komunikacji. Od starożytności do współczesności, Prace
Komisji Nauk Filologicznych Oddziału Akademii Nauk we
Wrocławiu 7, Wrocław, 71–89. →
Teeter, Emily. 2014. “A Stela of the Family of Khaemtir (i)
and the Scribe Qenherkhepeshef (i) (Chicago OIM
E14315),” Journal of the American Research Center in
Egypt 50, 147–159.
Van der Molen, R. 2000. A Hieroglyphic Dictionary of
Egyptian Coffin Texts, Leiden.
Van Walsem, R. 1984. “How and Variants Became a
Spelling for sɜ ‘Son’,” GM 83, 81–83.
Ventker, B. 2014. “Nahrung – Herrschaft – Schutz: Kas
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Ventker (eds.), Altägyptische Enzyklopädien: Die
Soubassements in den Tempeln der griechisch-
römischen Zeit, Soubassementstudien I), Studien zur
spätägyptischen Religion 7, I, Wiesbaden, 441–465.
Vikentiev, V. 1943. “Quelques mots énigmatiques dans un
texte astronomique,” ASAÉ 43, 115–131.
Von Beckerath, J. 1999. Handbuch der ägyptischen
Königsnamen, Münchner Ägyptologische Studien 49,
Mainz.
Von Bomhard, A.S. 2014. “Le début du Livre de Nout,”
ÉNIM 7, 79–123.
Von Lieven, A. 2007. Grundriss des Laufes der Sterne: Das
sogenannte Nutbuch, Copenhagen.
Ward, W.A. 1978. Studies on Scarab Seals, vol. 1,
Warminster.
Werning, D.A. 2004. “The Sound Values of the Signs
Gardiner D1 (Head) and T8 (Dagger),” LingAeg 12, 183–
204.
Werning, D.A. 2008. “Aenigmatische Schreibung in
Unterweltsbüchern des Neuen Reiches: Gesicherte
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(ed.), Miscellanea in honorem Wolfhart Westendorf, GM
Beiheft 3, Göttingen, 124–152. →
Werning, D.A. 2011. Das Höhlenbuch. Textkritische
Edition und Textgrammatik, 2 vols., GOF IV 48,
Wiesbaden. a, b
Werning, D.A. 2016. Review of Roberson 2013, BiOr 73/1–
2, 69–78.
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Jahren verwendetes Ordnungssystem der
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Yoyotte, J. 1955. “Jeux d’écriture sur une statuette de la
XIXe dynastie,” RdÉ 10, 81–89.
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Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
Introductionary Notes

§ 1 Introduction
The present Lexicon provides an index of so-called
“enigmatic” or “cryptographic” signs, 3 their values, and
substitution mechanisms, as attested primarily in
Hieroglyphic inscriptions from the New Kingdom. This
work fills an important lacuna as the first, reasonably
comprehensive index of pre-Ptolemaic cryptographic
values, which does not demand recourse to the dubious
principle of acrophony (§ 6.1). As such, it affords many
insights into the ancient Egyptians’ awareness and
exploitation of the flexibilities of their Hieroglyphic script
(§§ 6.3–6, 6.8–12). 4 In addition, it reveals the remarkable
extent to which the Egyptians consciously exploited
diachronic changes in the phonology of their language
(§§ 6.2, 6.7). Because cryptographic values were derived
according to the same principles that informed the non-
cryptic script, the Lexicon also provides useful
comparanda for non-standard Hieroglyphic
orthographies in general. For those scholars working
with new or previously published cryptographic material,
the Lexicon allows one to determine quickly if a potential
value has been attested or proposed previously and, if so,
how often it occurs in the published corpora. Such a tool
can prove invaluable for the identification of plausible
readings, whether selecting an attested value or
proposing a novel solution, when no plaintext “crib” is
available. At the same time, however, the Lexicon must be
employed critically, as a gateway to the primary and
secondary literature for a given inscription. It is inevitable
that some values, analyzed in context, will prove more or
less plausible than others. 5 Thus, the inclusion of a given
cryptographic value does not necessarily imply
endorsement of an author’s translation or contextual
analysis but only of the relative plausibility of the sign’s
derivation.

§ 2 Scope and limits of the

cryptographic corpus
The original purpose of the Lexicon was to catalog all of
the enigmatic orthographies attested in the cosmological
Books of the Underworld and Sky. The vast majority of
examples derive from those texts and every effort has
been made to be comprehensive in the coverage of
cosmological passages written either fully or primarily in
the cryptographic script, 6 including select parallels from
post-New Kingdom sources. 7 In addition, isolated
cryptographic words and signs, occurring in otherwise
conventional, cosmological inscriptions, also appear in
the Lexicon. However, because the line between isolated
“cryptic” values, common orthographic variation, and
scribal error is not always clear, 8 such occurrences
should be regarded as representative, rather than
comprehensive. Alongside examples from the
cosmological genre, the Lexicon also includes selections
from private tombs and other monuments, enigmatic
royal titulary, and miscellaneous royal inscriptions, all
dating from the New Kingdom. These examples are
intended to provide comparanda for the more robust
cosmological corpus and to illustrate trends in “thematic”
and “ornamental” cryptography alongside the “normal”
cryptic system. 9
For reasons of space, I have chosen to omit the
sporadic instances of cryptography found in earlier
periods, 10 prior to the emergence of the “normal”
cryptographic system, which developed over the course
of Dynasties 17–18. 11 Likewise, I have omitted various
enigmatic temple inscriptions from the Persian and
Greco-Roman periods. 12 I have also omitted hieroglyphs
with conventional values that occur within otherwise
cryptic inscriptions. 13 Finally, cryptographic writings
from scarab seals, 14 and particularly supposed “trigrams
of Amun,” 15 do not appear in the present corpus. 16

§ 3 Organization of the corpus

Part 1 of the Lexicon presents the cryptographic signs,
their value(s), attestations, and basic bibliography,
organized by sign number. Part 2 supplies a reverse
index, organized by Egyptian consonant and cross-
referenced with the numbered entries from Part 1. An
Appendix provides a concise index of signs, by number.
The Lexicon’s sign numbering system follows the
conventions established by Alan Gardiner for his
compendious Grammar. 17 Extensions to Gardiner’s list
follow the numbers employed in the JSesh Hieroglyphic
editor (§ 4). New signs and variants have been encoded
as a numeric subset of the parent sign, separated by a
dot, e.g., A5.1, , as a variant of A5, .

§ 4 Typographical conventions
The Lexicon employs digitally typeset hieroglyphs,
rendered in the JSesh environment. 18 The advantages to
this open-source platform are numerous, chief amongst
them being the ability to modify existing signs or add
entirely new glyphs. This ability has been particularly
useful with regard to the so-called “thematic”
cryptograms, which diverge frequently from their
standard orthographies in ways that are semantically
significant (e.g., the addition of scepters and crowns to
cipher-figures, who derive their Hieroglyphic value from
the objects they bear; § 6.6). Of course, the chief
advantages of any typeset lie in its overall legibility and
the aesthetic cohesion of the resulting document, to say
nothing of its portability within the digital domain.
However, such aesthetic considerations come always at
the expense of accuracy. As any epigrapher can attest,
actual Egyptian inscriptions – even those of the highest
quality – are replete with variations, which are also highly
susceptible to change over time. 19 Such nuances are
antithetical to the notion of modern typography, lexicons,
dictionaries, and sign-lists. As a result, this volume was
not intended, and makes no attempt, to address such
epigraphic concerns. 20 Of course, I have included all of
the iconographic variations that appeared significant,
with regard to the cryptic values proposed by any given
author. Suffice to say, all typographic conventions were
intended to navigate a middle path between epigraphic
accuracy and overabundance of iconographic detail, with
the understanding that no convention can satisfy
everyone, all of the time. Ultimately, scholars working in
the realm of Egyptian cryptography should endeavor
always to consult the original inscriptions, clear
photographs, or epigraphic copies, whenever possible.

§ 5 Citation conventions
Given the diverse organizational principles at work in the
various cosmological books, et al., modern publications
often employ idiosyncratic notational systems to indicate
parallel sources, text locations, etc. In an effort to
minimize confusion and save space, the Lexicon cites
primary sources according to the abbreviations outlined
at pp. iv–v, above, followed by the page or plate number
of the monograph, and the relevant column(s) or row(s)
of hieroglyphs, in ascending order. Rows/columns are
listed in ascending numeric order, from left to right or
top to bottom, as appropriate. Multiple instances of a
particular value in a given column/row are indicated in
parentheses and multiple pages or plates are separated
by semi-colons, e.g., “BSOU, pls. 13B, 15 (2 ×); 23, 58” =
Book of the Solar-Osirian Unity, plate 13B, column fifteen
(two occurrences); and plate 23, column fifty-eight. Texts
published in shorter articles have been cited either by
page or by internal divisions provided by the author in
question, e.g., “SETY, Protocol A” = Drioton 1936a, first
titulary; “Djehuty H1, 2” = Espinel 2010, hymn 1, column
2. Citations of standard text editions and reference works
(e.g. KRI, Urk., and Wb) follow the usual practice for those
volumes.

§ 6 Substitution mechanisms
Scholarly opinion diverges in many cases, with regard to
the values of cryptographic signs and/or the mechanisms
by which those values were derived. In general, divergent
interpretations of a sign’s value(s) or its mechanism(s) of
substitution have been listed with relevant cross-
references, with the notable exception of acrophony (§
6.1). In addition, the Lexicon also includes several new
proposals for certain cryptic values and/or their
derivations; such proposals are introduced in each case
by a double slash (//). Finally, it is important to note that
the translation and analysis of cryptographic texts is, and
should remain, an ongoing process. As our
understanding of any given text improves, certain values,
with otherwise plausible derivations, will be discarded
inevitably in favor of more contextually sound
alternatives.

6.1 Acrophony
No sign values included in the Lexicon demand recourse
to acrophony. The principle of acrophony, as defined by
Drioton, derives phonograms from any Egyptian word
that describes or otherwise suggests a given cryptic sign,
keeping only one consonant from the chosen word. 21
The chief objections to this methodology are the arbitrary
selection of “suggestive” Egyptian terms and the equally
arbitrary reduction and/or preservation of either/both
strong and weak consonants. 22 In the wake of
penetrating criticisms by Fairman and many others, 23
most pleas to acrophony have been debunked already in
print and/or explained via more plausible mechanisms of
substitution. In such cases, the Lexicon omits the
acrophonic proposals without additional comment. In a
handful of instances, which have not been debunked or
addressed otherwise in prior literature, new proposals
appear in the main entry, marked by a double slash (§ 6),
with the discarded acrophonic explanation noted under
the relevant author(s) in the bibliography. 24

6.2 The Consonantal Principle

The consonantal principle, as defined by Fairman, derives
cryptic values from attested multi-literal signs and
logograms, whose weak radicals collapse around a strong
consonant (e.g., jmj > m). 25 Some scholars have
employed the terms “consonantal principle” and
“acrophony” interchangeably. 26 Such terminological
imprecision should be avoided wherever possible.
Following Fairman, the Lexicon employs the term
“consonantal principle” exclusively with reference to
multi-literal signs and logograms whose cryptic values
derive from the reduction of weak consonants in specific
environments. 27 Such omissions include the semi-vowels
ɜ, w, j, and y, which might drop from any position in a
word; the word-final, feminine marker .t; ayin in direct
(written) contact with ḥ (i.e. ḥᶜ > ḥ) 28; reduplicated or
phonetically similar consonants in direct (written)
juxtaposition (e.g., ḥḥ > ḥ; mn > m), 29 which might also
be conditioned by phonetic change (§ 6.7) (e.g., mqmq >
mk) 30; and otherwise strong consonants, which
nevertheless dropped from pronunciation in certain
syllable- and word-final positions (e.g., nṯr > nt; nb > n). 31

6.3 Class substitutions

The Lexicon employs the term “class substitution” for the
interchange of signs within the same semantic category,
i.e. one bird for another, one crown for another, one
plant for another, one water hieroglyph for another, etc.
32 Substitutions of this type can be conditioned by
additional characteristics linking the signs in question,
e.g., similarity of shape (§ 6.8); or signs showing the same
object from a different aspect, 33 e.g., D21 ( ) writing
p in place of D26 ( ), i.e., lips/mouth viewed from the
front and in profile, respectively.

6.4 Direct representation, antonomasia,

and metonymy
Direct representation employs individual hieroglyphs as a
sort of miniature vignette, illustrating the cryptic word.
Such derivations might result in novel and highly iconic
hieroglyphs that blur the already fuzzy line between art
and writing. Thus, for example, sign A471, , writing
dr-pḏ.t-9, “He who smites the Nine Bows,” depicts just
that: The Egyptian king smiting a kneeling prisoner, who
stands, in turn, for all “Nine Bows,” by synecdoche (§
6.10). 34 Unlike cryptic logograms (§ 6.5), signs qualified
as direct representations are not often attested in the
conventional script, as determinatives. This is a natural
outcome of the signs’ extremely high iconicity and
semantic specificity. However, because of the potential
for arbitrary selection of merely fortuitous cryptic values
(cf. § 6.1), instances of direct representation should be
ideally as “direct” as possible, if not virtually self-evident
in a given context. 35 In addition, the reading should be
checked against other factors wherever possible.
Obviously, the most secure occurrences are those for
which a non-cryptic parallel is extant, as in the preceding
example, from a titulary of Sety I.
In a number of cases, direct representations have
been conditioned by an epithet, which describes the
figure in question. Such examples are described properly
as antonomasia. 36 Thus, for example, sign C95, depicting
Onuris, the son of the sun god, writes sɜ Rᶜ, “son of Re,”
in various Ramesside-era cryptic titularies.
Closely linked to direct representation and
antonomasia is the concept of metonymy. Metonymy
involves the substitution of an emblem or symbol of a
thing to represent the thing itself. For example, the white
crown of Upper Egypt (S1) might write njsw.t, “King of
Upper Egypt.” 37 Similarly, the baboon (E35), a well-
known hypostasis of Thoth, might write that god’s name.

6.5 Logograms and the rebus principle

One of the most frequently encountered substitution
mechanisms is the use of non-cryptic determinatives as
cryptic logograms, i.e. unaccompanied by phonograms
that might otherwise clarify the underlying root
consonants. Given that some logographic spellings are
common also in non-cryptic texts, the decision to include
or exclude a given sign in the Lexicon has been
conditioned largely by context. 38 Thus, e.g., A14 ( ) as
a logogram for ḫftj, “enemy,” is attested in non-cryptic
contexts but appears also in the cryptic annotations to
the Judgment scene from the Book of Gates; only the
latter examples are included in the present volume. The
Amduat, in particular, is rich in cryptic logograms,
accompanied in many cases by glosses in the
conventional Hieroglyphic script. 39
The rebus principle extends the function of
logograms to write the relevant consonants without the
semantic connotation of the sign itself. 40 Thus, for
example, M31 (s. v.), depicting a pot with emerging
shoots of grain, writes rd, “foot” by rebus from the verb
rd, “to grow”; likewise, various grinding figures (s. v. A36,
B36) write nḏ, “to protect” from the verb nḏ, “to grind.” It
seems likely that, once a sign acquired a particular value
as a cryptic logogram, that value could probably always
be employed also as a rebus. Nevertheless, not all
logograms are attested as rebuses. In addition, it is
important to note that the rebus principle may be
observed in conjunction with virtually all of the
substitution mechanisms under consideration here; most
of these occurrences are self-explanatory and have not
been indicated as such in the respective entries.

6.6 Objects held or worn by cipher-figures

Cipher-figures appear without phonographic or
logographic values. Instead, a Hieroglyphic object, which
the figure holds or wears, conveys the relevant
consonant(s). 41 Thus, e.g., A24+R8 (s. v.) depicts a man
brandishing a nṯr-fetish, like an axe. However, neither the
man nor his bellicose posture effect the reading, which is
simply nṯr. At the same time, it is important to note that,
while cipher-figures themselves do not convey a sign’s
consonantal value, the selection of one figure over
another was conditioned very often by the
theological/mythological content and context of the
inscription. This observation is particularly relevant in the
case of so-called “ornamental” and “thematic”
cryptography. 42

6.7 Phonetic interchange

Cryptic signs frequently employ new consonantal values,
which exploit the processes of historical sound change,
evident to a greater or lesser extent in all phases of the
Egyptian language. 43 In addition, some substitutions
appear to exploit phonetic similarity between consonants
that had not coalesced in the spoken language of the
New Kingdom (e.g., b ~ p). 44 However, not all possible
(inter)changes are attested, nor do attested shifts occur
with equal frequency. The most commonly attested shifts
occur among the dental series (mostly t, ṯ, and ḏ, d) 45
and the semi-vowels (including weakened r; see § 6.2).
The following table includes all of the phonetic
interchanges attested in the present corpus. The first
consonant in each case represents the normal, non-
cryptic sound value (including Ø, in final position only);
the consonant(s) after the tilde (~) represent attested
cryptic sound(s), which the normal consonant might
encipher:

Ø~r ɜ ~ j, r j ~ ɜ, y, ᶜ, w, r, jw ~ ᶜ, r y~w
t
ᶜ~r ᶜ.wj ~ r w ~ ɜ, r b~p m~n
n~m r ~ ɜ, j, y, ᶜ, rɜ ~ jw ḫ ~ ẖ, k, ẖ~ḫ
w g
š ~ ḫ, ẖ, q~k g ~ q, k t ~ ṯ, d ṯ ~ t,
s d
d ~ t, ḏ ḏ ~ t, d

6.8 Shape substitutions and substitutions

from the Hieratic
In principle, any signs occupying the same space within
the pre-Ramesside “ideal square” 46 might interchange
with one another, i.e., short/narrow signs; short/broad
signs; tall/narrow signs; and tall/broad signs. In practice,
such substitutions are conditioned frequently by
additional similarities of form, 47 e.g., D54 ( ) writes q,
substituting for N29 ( ), as low/narrow signs with
triangular shape; likewise, D40 ( ) writes ḏw,
substituting for N26 ( ), as low/broad signs, taller on
the ends and lower in the middle. In some cases, such as
the latter pair, the similarity of shape might also exploit
ambiguity in the Hieratic orthographies of the signs in
question, as well as phonetic similarities (§ 6.7).

6.9 Sportive writings or “visual puns”

Sportive writings involve plays on words, 48 relating to
the appearance or behavior of the object depicted in a
cryptic Hieroglyph. Such puns are rarely subtle and
typically involve literal descriptions of what the sign is or
does, e.g. hair (D3, ), writing ḥrj-tp, “that which above
the head”; a duckling in an egg (H34, ), writing jmj,
“what is inside”; or a snake emerging from an enclosure
(I24, ), writing prj, “to emerge.”

6.10 Synecdoche: part for whole and

whole for part
Synecdoche may refer either to the part substituting for
the whole (pars pro toto), or the whole substituting for
the part (totum pro parte). Examples of the former
substitution include, for example, the flower bud,
(M112), for the whole plant, , as a writing of ḫ(ɜ); or the
pupil, (D12), for the whole eye, , as a writing of jr(t).
Examples of whole-for-part substitutions include the face,
(D2), for the eye, , as a writing of jr(t); or the
fighting man, (A206), for the fighting arms , as a
writing of ᶜḥɜ. Both types of synecdoche are common in
the cryptographic corpus.
6.11 Synonymy
Substitutions by synonymy occur infrequently. 49
Examples include the headless calf, (F26), writing
jm(j), “what is inside,” as a synonym for the sign’s normal
bi-literal value in the word ẖn(w), “interior”; and the
scepter, (S42), writing ɜḫ, “effective,” as a synonym for
the sign’s normal value as sḫm, “powerful.”

6.12 Unknown mechanisms

A number of signs with clearly demonstrable cryptic
values nevertheless continue to defy attempts to explain
their derivation. 50 Some, such as the grasshopper,
(L4), writing r, 51 and the spewing mouth, (D26),
writing p, 52 might represent examples of onomatopoeia.
53 Such solutions can appear very attractive but can also
be difficult or impossible to advance beyond the realm of
speculation. 54 Other cryptic signs, such as the mouse,
(E130), writing ḥ, remain more or less entirely
opaque. 55
Part 1 Cryptographic sign-list
A Men

A1
j rebus (< suffix =j).
Exs. BC, pl. LXIX (= WHb, 264, 1). Djehuty H2, 3, 8 (?). Louvre
C65, 30, nr. 60.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 36, nr. 1; Espinel 2010, 316 (p), 329.
f (?) class (A9↓) / ancient edit: first person to third.
Exs. Djehuty H2, 4, 8 (?).
Bib. Espinel 2010, 316 (p), 329.
ḥkn class (A26↓).
Exs. AMD, 379, 5, 12.
Bib. see A26↓

A2
j direct (indication of first person; cf. A359↓: ) / class
(A1↑: ).
Exs. AOTSB 97, 2.
Bib. Roberson 2013, 100 (h); also see A359↓
m // logogram + consonantal (mrj ~ Coptic ⲘⲈ(ⲒⲈ), Wb I,
98–99).
Exs. Khaemhat, 5, nr. 52.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 36, nr. 2 (acrophony).
sɜ (?) logogram (Wb IV, 14–16)? class (A47: )?
Exs. AOTSB 105, 1.
Bib. Roberson 2013, 107 (d), n. 511.
ḥkn class (A26↓).
Exs. AMD, 118, 9; 150, 5.
Bib. see A26↓

A4
jmn class (A5: ; also cf. cryptic A5.1↓: ).
Exs. AMD, 348, 1, 3 (2 ×), 5, 6 (2 ×), 8 (2 ×), 10 (2 ×); 349, 3, 5,
6, 8, 10; 716, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8. BG, 197, 1, 2, 5 (= Manassa
2006, Text L). BSOU, pls. 12, 19 (?); 22A (left); 30, 2 (left)
(?); 33, 2. Djehuty H2, 9.
Bib. Zeidler 1999, vol. 2, 150.4; Darnell 2004, 79, n. 199, 131,
n. 421; Manassa 2004, 588; Manassa 2006, 112;
Werning 2008, 127 (7d), 137; Espinel 2010, 329.
dwɜ logogram (Wb V, 426–428).
Exs. BSOU, pls. 5B, 15; 6A, 1; 7B, 2; 30, 2 (left) (?); 33, 2.
DAY, 128, 3.
Bib. Darnell 2004, 79, n. 199, 131, n. 421; Manassa 2004,
588.

A4c
jmn variant A4↑
A5.1
jmn synecdoche (part for whole, A5: ) + logogram (Wb I,
83.12–22).
Exs. AMD, 348, 9.
Bib. see A4↑

A7a
ḏḥ // direct + consonantal (dḥ(ɜ)-ᶜ, “mit herabhängenden
Arm,” Wb V, 480.3) + phonetic (d ~ ḏ).
Exs. MMA Palette, 15, nr. 2 (in name, Ḏḥwty).
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 18, 36, nr. 3 (reading ṯ, by acrophony).

A9
f consonantal (fɜj↓); also cf. A123↓
Exs. Abydos 1, 1. Khaemhat, 5, nr. 46; 7, nr. 103.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 36, nr. 4; Fairman 1945, 62 (i), 70; Klotz
2012b, 24; also cf. A26↓
fɜj logogram (Wb I, 573–574).
Exs. BG, 197, 1, 2, 3, 5 (= Manassa 2006, Text I); 198, 1, 2, 4,
6 (= Manassa 2006, Text J).
Bib. Fairman 1945, 99.

A14
ḫft(j) logogram (Wb III, 276–277).
Exs. AMD, 118, 3, 5, 7, 9; 144, 2, 3 (2 ×), 5 (2 ×), 7, 9 (2 ×);
285, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10. BC, pl. LX, 2 (= WHb, 236, 11).
BG, 200 (top), 3 (= Manassa 2006, Text O); MLEU, pl.
96 (Text O), 1 (4 ×), 2(4 ×), 3 (4 ×). DAY, 206, 1, 2.
NIGHT: MLEU, pls. 124, 2 (3 ×); 125, 2 (3 ×).
Bib. Werning 2008, 137.

A14a
ḫft(j) variant A14↑

A16
nḏ class (cryptic A36↓: ) / synecdoche (part for whole).
Exs. BG, 192, 2 (= Manassa 2006, Text A).
Bib. see A36↓
dwɜ class (cryptic A30↓: ).
Exs. DAY, 331, 7.
Bib. Müller-Roth 2008, 335, nr. 314 (without comment).

A16.1 + C12i.2
wḥm-ḫᶜ.w
direct (Osiris “repeating coronation” in the afterlife).
Exs. AOTSB, 112, 1.
Bib. Étienne-Fart 1994, 137; Roberson 2013, 115 (j); Taterka
2015, 77.
A17
ms logogram (Wb II, 139).
Exs. Djehuty H1, 4, 5; Djehuty H2, 1, 5. KRI III, 636, 8
(Ostracon CG 25671). KRI VI, 43 (Statue CG 42151). Urk.
IV, 48, 5.
Bib. Sauneron and Yoyotte 1950, 10 (b); 11, n. 1; Morenz
2004, 314; Espinel 2010, 311 (v), 315 (e), 329.
nfr logogram (Wb II, 258.1–2, nfrw).
Exs. Nefertari (note: female variant in queen’s titulary).
Bib. Taterka 2015, 79–80 (note: Taterka’s reading of the
seated child + following goddess C156↓ as an
elaborate thematic cryptogram, Nfr.t jrt mr n Mw.t,
“young girl crying in front of Mut,” as a phonetic
rendering of the full name of Nefertari, Nfr.t-jrj-mr.t-n-
Mw.t, presents some difficulties, most notably, the fact
that the seated child does not appear to be crying but
rather holding her hand to her face in the usual
manner of such figures).
ḫ logogram (ḫjj, Wb III, 217.3–8) + consonantal.
Exs. BC, pl. CXLVII, nr. 9 (1, 2, 3) (= WHb, 386, 3). BSOU, pls.
7B, 5; 12, 20, 21; 13B, 15 (2 ×); 23, 58; 24, 9, 16, 27; 25,
39. DAY, 143, 1. Djehuty H1, 3; Djehuty H2, 1, 2, 3, 9 (2
×). Khaemhat, 4, nr. 13; 6, nr. 93. MMA Palette, 16, nr.
32. NUT, 31, § 133. Parennefer (= Darnell 2004, pl. 1B).
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 10, 36, nr. 7 (acrophony); Drioton 1942,
104, No 48; Fairman 1945, 76; Darnell 2004, 22, a, 85,
nn. 228–29; Manassa 2004, 588; Werning 2008, 137;
 Müller-Roth 2008, 149 (12b), 455; Espinel 2010, 311 (v),
329.
ẖ // phonetic (ḫ↑ ~ ẖ).
Exs. MMA Palette, 16, nr. 39.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 10, 36, nr. 7 (acrophony).
šr logogram (šrj, Wb IV, 526) + consonantal.
Exs. NUT, § 54.
Bib. Von Lieven 2007, 32.

A18
n logogram + consonantal (nww / nn, Wb II, 215.20–23) /
object (cryptic S3↓: ).
Exs. Semna statuette, front, 2 (= Klotz and Brown 2016,
278); pillar left side, 1 (= ibid., 283); body, 2R, 2L (=
ibid., 285)from Louvre C65, 29, nr. 17.
Bib. Klotz and Brown 2016, 286, n. 125, 287, 301.

A19
wr logogram (Wb I, 326–329).
Exs. AOTSB, 65, 5, 6, 7, 8.
Bib. Roberson 2013, 73 (n), n. 358.
smsw logogram (Wb IV, 142).
Exs. BC, pl. LXXVIII, nr. 17 (2, 3, 5) (= WHb, 248, 4).
Bib. Werning 2008, 137.
A21
ᶜḥᶜ logogram (Wb I, 218.3).
Exs. DAY, 128, 8. NIGHT, 153, 1 (see wr↓)
Bib. Drioton 1942, 102, No 18; Müller-Roth 2008, 131 (13b).
wr logogram (Wb IV, 70.17–23).
Exs. NIGHT, 153, 1 (= Roberson 2020b, § 1, j).
Bib. Roberson 2020b, nn. 65–66.
nb variant A23a↓, Cairo stela TR 30/10/17/8.
t logogram (jtj, Wb I, 143) + consonantal.
Exs. NIGHT, 153, 1 (see wr↑).
Bib. Roberson 2020b, n. 68.

A21a
variant A21↑, NIGHT.

A21a + U23
smr logogram (Wb IV, 138.5 ff., NK) + direct (mr-chisel)
Exs. Louvre C65, 28, nr. 2.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 37, nr. 12.

A23a
ᶜḥᶜ, wr variant A21a↑, NIGHT.
njsw.t direct (a “king”).
Exs. Louvre Palette.
Bib. Seidlmayer 1991, 320–321.
nb direct (“lord”); also cf. A42↓
Exs. SETY, Protocol B. Cairo stela TR 30/10/17/8, 6 (= Selim
2003, 256, r).
Bib. Drioton 1936a, 6 (i); also see A42↓
t variant A21a↑, NIGHT.

A23a.1
nṯr direct (“god”); class (standing/seated gods, cryptic
A40↓: ).
Exs. RII, Protocol E.
Bib. Drioton 1936a, 9–10 (a).

A23a.2
nfr direct (antonomasia, Nefertem = “He who is both nfr
and tm,” LGG IV, 221, New Kingdom); cf. C8.2↓
Exs. RII, Protocol E.
Bib. Drioton 1936a, 10 (a).

A24
ḥ consonantal (ḥwj, Wb III, 46–48).
Exs. Djehuty H2, 5 (2 ×).
Bib. Darnell 2004, 2, n. 7; Manassa 2004, 588; Espinel 2010,
 329.
ḫrp logogram (Wb III, 326.8 ff., New Kingdom).
Exs. Semna Statuette, body, 1R, 1L (= Klotz and Brown
2016, 285).
Bib. Klotz and Brown 2016, 285 (m), 302.
t(w) consonantal (twr, Wb V, 252.10–13).
Exs. DAY, 142, 8.
Bib. Müller-Roth 2008, 147 (7g), 455.

A24 + R8
nṯr // object (nṯr-fetish).
Exs. BG, 197, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 (= Manassa 2006, Text I).

A25
ḥ variant: A24↑

A26
j logogram (Wb I, 25).
Exs. AOTSB, 65, 1, 3, 4. Djehuty H1, 2 (?); Khaemhat, 7, nr.
112. Louvre C65, 26, nrs. 4, 22; 27, nr. 63; 29, nr. 23.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 10, 36, nr. 8; Werning 2008, 137; Espinel
2010, 309 (g), 316 (o), 329; Roberson 2013, 66 (b), n.
316.
(w)n logogram (Wb I, 89.1–6) + consonantal.
Exs. BC, pl. LXII, 1 (= WHb, 236, 19); LXIX, 3 (= WHb, 264, 1).
Bib. Werning 2008, 137.
f logogram (fɜj, Wb I, 574) + consonantal.
Exs. AOTSB, 65, 5 (alt., fɜj↓). Djehuty H2, 3 (?).
Bib. Espinel 2010, 316 (o); Roberson 2013, 74–75 (s).
fɜj logogram (Wb I, 574).
Exs. AOTSB, 65, 5 (alt., f ↑).
Bib. Roberson 2013, 74–75 (s).
m // synecdoche (whole for part, cryptic D36↓: )
Exs. MMA Palette, 16, nr. 27. Louvre C65, 29, nr. 20.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 36, nr. 8 (acrophony).
hy // class (speaking / reciting men, A2: ) + logogram
(Wb II, 471, 1–9, noting also non-cryptic use of A26 as
determinative from the Late Period).
Exs. MMA Palette, 16, nr. 27 (in jrj hy-hnw).
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 10, 36 (reading m by acrophony).
ḥkn class (A30: ) + logogram (Wb III, 178.2–19).
Exs. AMD, 115, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11; 118, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7; 141, 1, 2, 3,
5, 7, 8, 9, 11; 146, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9; 150, 2, 3, 7; 379, 3, 7, 11.
Djehuty H1, 2 (?), 3 (?); Djehuty H2, 8 (?).
Bib. Werning 2008, 137; Espinel 2010, 329.

A26 + D53
m-bɜḥ cryptic A26↑ + object (D53: )
Exs. Louvre C65, 27, nr. 67.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 37, nr. 14.

A26 + F34, I6, S1 , ,

f(ɜj) variants A26↑

Exs. AOTSB↑

A26 + X2
jt cryptic A26↑ + X2↓
Exs. Louvre C65, 26, nr. 43.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 37, nr. 13.

A27
j class (A1 / A26↑: / ).
Exs. AOTSB, 97, 1, 2, 3; also cf. jn↓
Bib. see A26↑
jn logogram (Wb I, 89.1–11).
Exs. AOTSB, exs. at j↑ (= Werning 2016). BC, pl. LXIX, 3 (=
WHb, 264, 1); LXXIII, 3, 4 (= WHb, 270, 1). RII, Luxor
unnumbered. Djehuty H1, 2; Djehuty H2, 2. KRI II, 217,
4–5 (Amara West).
Bib. Werning 2008, 137; Boraik 2008, 134; Espinel 2010, 329;
Werning 2016.
(w)n // consonantal back-formation (jn↑).
Exs. BC: MLEU, pl. 288A, 6 (= WHb 236, 19).
Bib. Manassa 2007, 406 (without comment).

A28
f class, cryptic A9↑, A123↓ (“lifting” figures)
Exs. Louvre C65, 26, nr. 48.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 38, nr. 25.
ḥᶜ logogram (Wb III, 40.2).
Exs. Djehuty H2, 6.
Bib. Espinel 2010, 329 (“uplift,” sic.; cf. p. 314/6).
q logogram + consonantal (qɜj, Wb V, 1–3)
Exs. Khaemhat, 5, nr. 42; 7, nr. 98; 8, nr. 144.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 10, 37, nr. 9.

A30
jɜw see dwɜ↓
jmn class (men with arms shielding face, A5: ); also cf.
A4↑
Exs. AMD, 348, 2 (2 ×), 4 (2 ×), 5, 11 (2 ×); 349, 2, 4, 11; 716, 5.
BC, pl. LXII, 1, 2, 3 (= WHb, 236, 16); LXXVII, nr. 15 (1, 3)
(= WHb, 248, 2); LXXIX, nr. 26 (2, 3) (= WHb, 266, 1);
MLEU, pl. 288A, 5.
Bib. see A4↑
dwɜ logogram (Wb V, 426–428); alternately, read as
logogram from jɜw (Wb I, 28.1–6); cf. also A26↑
Exs. Djehuty H1, 3. Neferrenpet, 21, nr. 29 (jɜw).
Bib. Fairman 1945, 99; Espinel 2010, 329.

A30 + R8
dwɜ-nṯr
// direct (nṯr-fetish) + logogram (dwɜ, Wb V, 426.6–14).
Exs. MMA Palette, 15, nr. 1; 16, nr. 17.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 37 (reading dwɜ only).

A32
jbɜ logogram (Wb I, 62.14).
Exs. AMD, 141, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 11.
Bib. Hornung 1963, 29, nr. 87.

A36
nḏ logogram / rebus (Wb II, 369.11–13); also cf. B36↓
Exs. BG, 192, 1, 5 (= Manassa 2006, Text A). Djehuty H2, 1, 3.
Also cf. B36↓
Bib. Drioton 1952, 25; Roulin 1996, vol. 1, 255, n. 1286;
Darnell 2004, 24, n. 48; Manassa 2004, 588; Manassa
2006, 112; Espinel 2010, 329; Roberson 2013, 58 (b).
Also cf. B36↓

A40
nṯr logogram (Wb II, 358–359; LGG III, 557, New Kingdom).
Exs. BSOU, pls. 21, 37; 30, 4 (right). Djehuty H1, 3; Djehuty
 H2, 2, 6, 7. KRI II, 215, 8 (Amara West). Semna
statuette, front, 1 (3 × = plural) (= Klotz and Brown
2016, 278). Khaemhat, 8, nr. 143 (3 × = plural).
Bib. Drioton 1936a, 2 (a); Drioton 1942, 102, No 65; Darnell
2004, 186; Manassa 2004, 589; Espinel 2010, 330; Klotz
and Brown 2016, 279, n. 55, 302.
tɜ class / synecdoche (part for whole) (C12↓).
Exs. AMD, 356, 11, 12.
Bib. see C12↓

A40 + O6
ḥw.t-nṯr
direct (ḥw.t-enclosure + nṯr); also cf. A296b.1↓ + O6
Exs. SETY, Gurna 1.
Bib. Drioton 1940, 310.

A40b
nṯr variant A40↑
Exs. NIGHT, 154, 1 (= Roberson 2020b, § 6, b).
Bib. see A40↑

A40c
nb direct (seated “lord”) // object + synonymy (ḥqɜ,
“ruler” ~ “lord”).
Exs. NIGHT, 155, 2 (= Roberson 2020b, § 9, b).
A40e
nṯr variant A40↑
Exs. SETY, Protocol A; Gurna 19. NIGHT, 154, 2 (= Roberson
2020b, § 6, b).
Bib. Drioton 1940, 313; also see A40↑

A41
nṯr class (A40↑).
Exs. Louvre Palette.
Bib. Seidlmayer 1991, 320–321.
nb variant A42↓
n consonantal (nb↑)
Exs. Louvre C65, 27, nr. 68.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 27, nr. 20 (acrophony, sic.); for n(b) > n,
see Klotz 2012b, 28–29.

A42
pr-ᶜɜ // direct (“pharaoh”).
Exs. Louvre C65, 26, nr. 25; 29, nr. 35.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 37, nr. 21 (acrophony).
nb direct (“lord”); also cf. A23a↑
Exs. DAY, 142, 1. Parennefer (= Darnell 2004, pl. 1B).
Khaemhat, 5, nr. 75; 8, nr. 145. Louvre C65, 27, nr. 68
 (+ A43↓ + A45↓ = , nb.w)
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 37, nr. 20 (reading nb(.w) n); Drioton
1942, 106, No 29; Étienne-Fart 1994, 137; Darnell 2004,
26, n. 62; Manassa 2004, 589; Müller-Roth 2008, 145
(3a), 455; Roberson 2013, 90 (b); also see A23a↑
njsw.t direct (“king”)
Exs. Semna statuette, body, 1R, 1L (= Klotz and Brown
2016, 285).
Bib. Klotz and Brown 2016, 302.

A42a
nb variant A42↑
Exs. AOTSB, 112, 1 (3 ×) (= SETY, Protocol F).
Bib. see A42↑

A42c
nb variant A42↑
Exs. SETY, Protocol B.
Bib. see A42↑

A42c.1
nb variant A42↑
Exs. RII, Protocol D.
Bib. see A42↑
A43
njsw.t direct (a njsw.t-“king”).
Exs. SETY, Protocol C. Semnah statuette, front, 1 (in ḥtp-
dj-njsw.t; also cf. A43b↓ and A57d↓) (= Klotz and
Brown 2016, 278).
Bib. Drioton 1936a, 3 (d); Fairman 1945, 97; Klotz and
Brown 2016, 278, n. 53, 302.
nb // direct (“lord”)
Exs. Louvre C65, 27, nr. 69 (+A42↑+A45↓ = , nb.w)
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 37, nr. 22 (reading n, by acrophony, in
nb(.w) n)

A43a
njsw.t variant A43↑
Exs. SETY, Protocol A.
Bib. see A43↑
nb variant A43↑
Exs. AOTSB, 89, 1.
Bib. see A42↑
Stẖ class (seated gods, pious substitution of Osiris for
Seth, C7: )
Exs. SETY, Protocol C.
Bib. Roberson 2013, 95 (c), n. 442; also see C98.1–2↓
A43b
nb variant A43↑
Exs. AOTSB, 89, 4.
Bib. see A42↑
njsw.t variant A43↑
Exs. Semna statuette, front, 1 (in njsw.t nṯr.w; also cf.
A43↑) (= Klotz and Brown 2016, 278).
Bib. Klotz and Brown 2016, 279.
Stẖ variant A43a↑
Exs. AOTSB, 93, 1.
Bib. Roberson 2013, 95 (c), n. 442; also see C98.1–2↓

A43c
nb variant A43↑
Exs. Semna Statuette, front, 1 (= Klotz and Brown 2016,
278; also see ibid., 280, n. 66, for alternate reading as
ḫntj).
Bib. Klotz and Brown 2016, 279–280 (d), 302; also see A42↑.

A43e
nb variant A42↑
Exs. AOTSB, 89, 3.
Bib. see A42↑
Stẖ variant A43a↑
Exs. SETY, Protocol B.
Bib. see A43A↑; also see C98.1–2↓

A45
bj.tj direct (bj.tj-“king”); cf. A43↑
Exs. SETY, Protocols A, B.
Bib. Drioton 1936a, 3 (d); Fairman 1945, 97.
nb // direct (“lord”)
Exs. Louvre C65, 27, nr. 68 (+A42↑+A43↑ = , nb.w)
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 37, nr. 22 (reading b, by acrophony, in
nb(.w) n)

A45e
n synecdoche (whole for part, cryptic S3↓: ).
Exs. SETY, Gurna 6, 15.
Bib. Drioton 1940, 311–312.

A47
jry logogram (Wb I, 103–106).
Exs. Djehuty H2, 9.
Bib. Espinel 2010, 330.
ḥ class (men with sticks, cryptic A24↑: )
Exs. BC, pl. LXXVII, nr. 10 (= WHb, 246, 1).
Bib. See A24↑

A51d
nṯr direct (“god”).
Exs. Djehuty H2, 3.
Bib. Espinel 2010, 330.

A53
j class (cryptic A1↑: ) / synonymy (jɜw, “old age,” as
euphemism for the deceased, Wb I, 28.10) +
consonantal; also cf. A54↓
Exs. RII, Luxor 41 (in jšrw, “lake”).
Bib. Drioton 1940, 327, nr. 41 (acrophony < jrw); Klotz 2017.

A54
j (?) class (cryptic A1↑: ) / synonymy (jɜw, “old age,” as
euphemism for the deceased, Wb I, 28.10) +
consonantal; also cf. A53↑
Exs. Parennefer (= Darnell 2004, pl. 1C; also cf. jt↓ and m↓).
Bib. Darnell 2004, 25 (b).
jt consonantal (jwty ~ Coptic ⲀⲦ–, Wb I, 46) + direct
(?) (nocturnal form of the sun god, Atum).
Exs. Parennefer (= Darnell 2004, pl. 1C; also cf. j↑ and m↓).
Bib. Darnell 2004, 25–26; Manassa 2004, 589.
m direct (“dead”) + consonantal (mt, Wb II, 165–167) //
(?) logogram + consonantal (mny, “death,” see Bib.)
Exs. BG: MLEU, pl. 96 (Text L, 1). Parennefer (= Darnell 2004,
pl. 1C; also cf. j↑ and jt (?)↑).
Bib. Darnell 2004, 26, n. 61; Manassa 2004, 589; Klotz 2006,
21, a (re: mny); Manassa 2006, 112, 130 (a).
nb class (A42↑, bearded, wrapped figures); perhaps also
logogram (Wb II, 227, Greco-Roman)
Exs. Neferrenpet, 21, nrs. 7, 13. Louvre C65, 26, nr. 48; 28,
nrs. 7, 11.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 38, nr. 24 (nb, as epithet of Osiris).

A57
ḥtp-dj-njsw.t
direct (“king giving a ḥtp-hieroglyph”); also cf. A57d↓
Exs. Urk. IV, 46, 6.
Bib. Clère 1955.

A57c
f logogram (fɜj jḫ.t, Wb I, 573.11, “to lift offerings”) +
consonantal; also cf. A26↑+F34, I6, S1.
Exs. RII, Luxor unnumbered.
Bib. Boraik 2008, 134, bottom.

A57c + N62
ḫf antonomasia ~ synonymy (Khonsu = ḫy, the “child,”
 LGG V, 615–616, Greco-Roman ~ Khonsu pɜ ẖrd, “the
child,” ibid., 770, New Kingdom) + direct (fɜj, “lifting”
offerings) + consonantal: ḫ(y) + f(ɜj).
Exs. RII, Luxor unnumbered.
Bib. Boraik 2008, 134.

A57d
ḥtp-dj-njsw.t
direct (“king giving a ḥtp-hieroglyph”); also cf. A57↑
Exs. Louvre Palette. Frankfurt Palette. Semna Statuette,
front 1 (note, with seated variant A43↑: ) (= Klotz
and Brown 2016, 278).
Bib. Clère 1955; Seidlmayer 1991, 320–321; Klotz and
Brown 2016, 278, n. 53.

A58
bɜ(w) direct (“hacking up”) / synecdoche (whole for part,
U7+D40: ) + logogram (Wb I, 415.12–17).
Exs. KRI II, 217, 4 (Amara West).

A59a.1
sḫm-ḫpš
direct (“powerful of forelimb”).
Exs. AOTSB, 112, 1 (= SETY, Protocol F).
Bib. Étienne-Fart 1994, 136; Roberson 2013, 115 (g);
 Taterka 2015, 76.

A63b.1
nb direct (seated “lord”).
Exs. SETY, Protocol B.
Bib. Drioton 1936a, 5 (d); also see A43↑

A71
jmn class (A4↑: ).
Exs. BG, 197, 3 (= Manassa 2006, Text L).
Bib. see A4↑

A73.1
ḥ class (C11↓: ).
Exs. AOTSB, 65, 2, 3, 4.
Bib. see C11↓
ḥḥ class (C11↓: ).
Exs. AMD, 383, 3, 4, 5, 7, 12. Djehuty H1, 1.
Bib. Espinel 2010, 330.

A84
j direct (first person).
Exs. AOTSB, 65, 1, 2, 3, 4; 97, 1 (2 ×), 2, 3 (2 ×); 110, 1.
Bib. Roberson 2013, 69 (g).

A87 + N26
nḏ class (A36↑: ).
Exs. AOTSB, 65, 7.
Bib. see A36↑

A93.1 + O6
nb shape & class (A101d↓).
Exs. AOTSB, 97, 1, 2, 3.
Bib. Roberson 2013, 97–98 (c).
nb(.t)-ḥw.t
// direct (ḥw.t-enclosure) + shape/class (A101d↓).
Exs. AOTSB, see nb↑
Bib. Werning 2016.

A93.2 + O6
variant A93.1↑ + O6

A101d
nb consonantal (nbj, Wb II, 236.10–11).
Exs. BC, pls. LXX, 1, 2, 3 (= WHb, 264, 2). BSOU, pl. 4B, 15
(goddess in the barque’s prow), 32. MMA Palette, 17,
nr. 60.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 37, nr. 17; Darnell 2004, 40, n. 18, 194,
n. 126, 278–79, n. 17; Manassa 2004, 589; Werning
2008, 131 (1), 137.

A101d.1
mḥ class (A100a: ) + logogram (mḥj, Wb II, 121–122).
Exs. AMD, 403, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 11, 12.
Bib. Werning 2008, 137.

A114.1
ms(w) synecdoche (whole for part, D36↓ + V17);
consonantal (m-sɜ).
Exs. Abydos 2, side A.
Bib. Effland and Effland, 14 (d); also see D36↓ + V17.

A123
f standing variant A9↑
Exs. Louvre C65, 26, nr. 43; 27, nr. 78.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 37, nr. 15; also see A9↑

A141a
nb consonantal (nbj, Wb II, 236).
Exs. NUT, § 134, x + 36. SHADOW 15; 17; 18; 20; 21. MMA
Palette, 16, nr. 33.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 36, nr. 6; Vikentiev 1943, 117; von
 Bomhard 2014, 97.

A189 + S34
dj(w) ᶜnḫ
object + phonetic (ṯɜw, “breath” ~ dj) + object (ᶜnḫ) /
direct (“he who gives the breath of life”).
Exs. RII, Luxor 20 (= KRI II, 612, 14). KRI II, 613, 2.
Bib. Drioton 1940, 323–324.

A206
ᶜḥɜ synecdoche (whole for part, D34: ).
Exs. DAY, 282, 4, 5.
Bib. Drioton 1942, 100, No 123.

A206.1
sḥ direct (anthropomorphized constellation, Osiris-Orion)
/ synecdoche (part for whole, D61a: / D61: ); +
consonantal (sɜḥ)
Exs. KRI II, 347, 3.
Bib. Redford 1971, 117 (y) (reading bḫn); present reading
follows a suggestion from Darnell 2015.

A239
nṯr // Metonymy (sistrum as emblem of the “great god”)?
ᶜɜ
Exs. Medinet Habu (Darnell 2004, 361, n. 376, and pl. 38B =
Drioton 1934, 197).
Bib. Drioton (ibid., citing Junker), citing the same value
from a Ptolemaic inscription at Dendera.

A241
ḥzj direct (a harp-playing “singer”) / logogram (Wb III,
164.11–22, note: non-cryptic use from Greco-Roman
period).
Exs. Frankfurt palette.
Bib. Seidlmayer 1991, 321, 324.

A245c.1
ɜw(.t)-jb
object + class (F34: ) / direct (“extending the
heart”).
Exs. DAY, 143, 4.
Bib. Müller-Roth 2008, 455; also cf. jn.w↓
jn.w object (W24); direct (“tribute; that which is brought”).
Exs. DAY, 143, 4.
Bib. Drioton 1942, 103, No 52; Darnell 2004, 150–51
(without comment); also cf. ɜw(.t)-jb↑

A296b.1 + L1
jt object + consonantal back-formation (tɜ↓)
Exs. RII, Luxor unnumbered.
Bib. Yoyotte 1955, 86–87 (a); Boraik 2008, 134 (bottom).
tɜ object (L1↓: ).
Exs. RII, Luxor unnumbered.
Bib. Boraik 2008, 134 (top).

A296b.1 + N25
ḥ direct representation (Ḥɜ, the desert god) +
consonantal.
Exs. RII, Luxor 24; 26; unnumbered.
Bib. Drioton 1940, 323–324; Boraik 2008, 133.

A296b.1 + O6
ḥw.t-nṯr
direct (ḥw.t-enclosure + standing nṯr-figure); also cf.
A40↑ + O6.
Exs. RII, Luxor unnumbered. KRI II, 613, 1.
Bib. Boraik 2008, 133.

A296f
stp object / shape (wɜs-scepter for stp-adze, U21a: ;
see discussion from Bib.).
Exs. RII, Abu Simbel 10.
Bib. Drioton 1940, 316–317 (10).
A296g.1
šps direct (the god Špsj; LGG VII, 67) + consonantal.
Exs. SETY, Gurna 16 (damaged). RII, Luxor unnumbered (2
×).
Bib. Drioton 1940, 312–313 (16, restoring a seated figure);
Boraik 2008, 133–134; Klotz 2019.

A303
qmɜ direct (king “moving,” Wb V, 33.15).
Exs. KRI II, 613, 1.
Bib. Klotz 2019.

A304f
nb direct (“lord”).
Exs. AOTSB, 89, 2.
Bib. Drioton 1936a, 2 (b); Darnell 2004, 26, n. 62; Roberson
2013, 90 (b).
A304.1
nb variant A304f↑
Exs. SETY, Protocol A.
Bib. see A.304f↑

A310b
Ḥrw direct (Horus as human king; see LGG V, 230, New
 Kingdom, “Menschengestaltig, mit Doppelkrone”).
Exs. AOTSB, 112, 1 (= SETY, Protocol F).
Bib. Étienne-Fart 1994, 134–35, 137; Roberson 2013, 113
(a), 115 (i); Taterka 2015, 75.

A310c
ᶜɜ direct (“great one”).
Exs. SETY, Protocol C.
Bib. Drioton 1936a, 6–7, b.

A311d
nb direct (a divine “lord”).
Exs. RII, Luxor 28 (= Darnell 2004, pl. 1A); unnumbered.
Bib. Darnell 2004, 18–19, n. 19; Manassa 2004, 589; Boraik
2008, 135.

A310.1
nb direct (“lord”).
Exs. RVI, 3.
Bib. Abitz 1989, 92.
nb ḫᶜ.w
Direct (“lord” + “crowns”).
Exs. RVI, 6.
Bib. Abitz 1989, 93.
nb(j) consonantal back-formation (nb↑).
Exs. RII, Luxor unnumbered.
Bib. Drioton 1940, 368 (Hibis, 169); Boraik 2008, 134.

A311e.1
ḥqɜ object (ḥqɜ-scepter).
Exs. RVI, 13.
Bib. Abitz 1989, 93.

A332 + R12
ᶜnḏ.tj direct (metonymy, nome emblem of Busiris).
Exs. DAY, 283, 5; 293, 1, 2.
Bib. Drioton 1942, 97, n. 1.

A359
j direct (indicating self, as first person); cf. A2↑
Exs. AOTSB, 65, 5 (2 ×), 6 (2 ×), 7 (2 ×), 8 (2 ×).
Bib. Roberson 2013, 73 (m), and n. 355.
jnk direct (indicating self, as first person).
Exs. Khaemhat, 5, nrs. 31, 41, 55; 6, nrs. 76, 87; 7, nr. 104; 8,
nr. 143. Louvre C65, 26, nr. 46 (contra Drioton: ḥsy).
Djehuty H1, 4. Djehuty H2, 1.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 27, nr. 11 (acrophony); Espinel 2010,
311 (w), 330.
wj direct (indicating self, as first person).
Exs. AOTSB, 65, S1 (2 ×), R6 (2 ×), Sh3 (2 ×), Mt (2 ×).
Bib. Roberson 2013, 67–68 (d).

A366
j class (A26↑: ).
Exs. AOTSB, 65, 1.
Bib. see A26↑

A394
dj ᶜnḫ direct (“giving an ᶜnḫ-hieroglyph”).
Exs. Louvre Palette.
Bib. Seidlmayer 1991, 320–321.

A434.1
jty direct + phonetic (one jty-“sovereign” jṯ-“conducting”
another)
Exs. Louvre C65, 29, nr. 18.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 37, nr. 16.

A458
mkj Direct (jmj kɜ, “Give the ka!”) + consonantal.
Exs. RII, Luxor 6.
Bib. Drioton 1940, 320–321.
A465.1 + H6
wṯz-mɜᶜ.t
direct (“who elevates mɜᶜ.t,” an epithet of Ptah; note
that LGG II, 609, 3, cites the present example, with no
other parallels relating to Ptah) // alternately, read
nb mɜᶜ.t, as a direct representation of a “lord” and
“possessor” of mɜᶜ.t.
Exs. Frankfurt palette; also cf. nb mɜᶜ.t↓
Bib. Seidlmayer 1991, 320–322 (b)

A471.1

dr-pḏ.t-9
direct (king “smiting”) + synecdoche (part for whole,
one enemy for all “nine bows”).
Exs. AOTSB, 112, S1 (= SETY, Protocol F).
Bib. Étienne-Fart 1994, 136–37; Roberson 2013, 115 (h);
Taterka 2015, 76.
B Women

B1
nnj shape (A7: ).
Exs. NUT, § x + 60.
Bib. Von Lieven 2007, 104, n. 587.

B1d + R19
Wɜs.t direct (metonymy, goddess and emblem of Thebes).
Exs. RII, Protocol D.
Bib. Drioton 1936a, 9 (h).

B4
ms logogram (Wb II, 137.4–17); also see B85↓
Exs. Djehuty H2, 4.
Bib. Espinel 2010, 330.

B5d
mw.t direct (“mother”).
Exs. DAY, 143, 1.
Bib. Müller-Roth 2008, 149 (12b), 455.
B6
sɜ direct (“son”).
Exs. AOTSB, 93, 1, 2.
Bib. Roberson 2013, 94 (a), n. 438

B23.1
nb.t direct (a royal “lady”)
Exs. Nefertari.
Bib. Taterka 2015, 79.

B36
nḏ class (A36↑: ).
Exs. AOTSB, 56, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6; 65, 5, 6, 8. NIGHT, 109 (nr. 17),
4, 5, 6.
Bib. see A36↑

B36.1–4 , , ,
nḏ variants B36↑
Exs. AOTSB↑

B43.1
njsw.t direct (metonymy, goddess of Upper Egypt).
Exs. SETY, Protocol B.
Bib. Drioton 1936a, 5 (c).
B43.2
njsw.t variant B43.1↑
Exs. RVI, 8.
Bib. Abitz 1989, 93, n. 8; also see B43.1↑

B81
bj.tj direct (metonymy, goddess of Lower Egypt); cf.
C188.1↓
Exs. RVI, 9.
Bib. Abitz 1989, 93, n. 2.

B85
ms sɜ.tj
logogram, var. B3 / B4↑ + direct (two sɜ.t groups)
Exs. Medinet Habu (Darnell 2004, 361–362, n. 376, and pl.
34B = Drioton 1934, 197).

B100
jp direct (“reckon, count”).
Exs. RII, Luxor 32 (= Darnell 2004, pl. 1A).
Bib. Drioton 1940, 324–325; Darnell 2004, 19 (c).
C Anthropomorphic deities

C1
Rᶜ direct (Re).
Exs. BC, pl. LXXIX, nr. 28 (3) (= WHb, 274, 1); DAY, 128, 3.
Bib. Müller-Roth 2008, 129 (without comment); also see
C2a↓

C1d
Rᶜ variant C1↑

C2a
Rᶜ direct (Re).
Exs. AOTSB, 105, 1.
Bib. Drioton 1936a, 3 (e); Étienne-Fart 1994, 138; Roberson
2013, 107 (d), 117, n. 553.

C3
Ḏḥwty // direct (Thoth)
Exs. MMA Palette, 16, nr. 18 (= Klotz 2019, in Ḏḥwty sr
tɜ.wy).
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 38, nr. 28 (reading ḏ only, by
acrophony).
C4
bɜ direct (nocturnal solar ba) / visual pun (ba-“ram”).
Exs. DAY, 283, 7.
Bib. Drioton 1942, 100, No 135.

C8
k // consonantal (kɜ↓)
Exs. MMA palette, 15, nr. 8.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 38, nr. 26 (acrophony)
kɜ direct (antonomasia, Kɜ-mw.t=f = “bull” of his mother,
LGG VII, 258–260, New Kingdom); cf. C155.1↓ (wr.t)
Exs. SETY, Protocol B. RII, Abu Simbel 2; Luxor 2; Luxor
forecourt east architrave. MMA Palette, 15, nr. 8 (=
Darnell 2004, pl. 1D).
Bib. Drioton 1934, 196; Drioton 1940, 316, 320; Darnell
2004, 27 (b); Manassa 2004, 590; Klotz 2014–15, 9;
Taterka 2015, 74.

C8.1
kɜ variant C8↑

C8.2

kɜ variant C8↑
Exs. AOTSB, see kɜ-nḫt↓
Bib. Klotz 2014–15, 9.
kɜ-nḫt
direct (antonomasia, Amun, Min, et al. = “strong bull,”
LGG VII, 263–264, New Kingdom); also cf. kɜ↑
Exs. AOTSB, 112, 1 (= SETY, Protocol F).
Bib. Étienne-Fart 1994, 135; Roberson 2013, 113–14 (b);
Taterka 2015, 75; also cf. C8↑

C10a
Mɜᶜ.t direct (Ma’at).
Exs. SETY, Protocols A; C (2 ×). RII, Protocols D; E.
AOTSB, 112, 1 (= SETY, Protocol F).
Bib. Drioton 1936a, 3, e; Fairman 1945, 98; Étienne-Fart
1994, 138; Roberson 2013, 117 (l), n. 553; Taterka
2015, 77.

C11
ḥ consonantal (ḥḥ, Wb III, 152–53).
Exs. AOTSB, 65, 1; also cf. A73↑
Bib. Fairman 1943, 204, nrs. 7–14, 296; Fairman 1945, 64 (c),
75; Roberson 2013, 69 (f), n. 330; also see A73↑
ḥḥ see A73↑

C12a
tɜ class (seated / kneeling gods, crowned with double
 plumes, C18: ) + direct (Tatenen = “earth”).
Exs. AMD, 356, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9. BC, pl. LXXIII, 3.
Bib. Werning 2008 132 (7–8), 137; also cf. C18↓ and C101↓
Tɜ-ṯnn class (C18↓); direct (Tatenen).
Exs. BC, pl. LXXVI, nr. 8 (1) (= WHb, 244, 2).
Bib. see tɜ↑
tn direct (Tatenen, abbrev. ṯnn, Wb V, 227.15);
consonantal + phonetic.
Exs. Neferrenpet, 21, nr. 4.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 38, nr. 29.

C12g
Jmn direct (Amun).
Exs. RII, Protocol D; Abu Simbel 16; Luxor unnumbered. KRI
II, 613, 2.
Bib. Drioton 1936a, 8 (without comment); Drioton 1940,
319; Fairman 1945, 97 (seated, no throne); Boraik
2008, 133.
Determinative: Nefertem
Exs. SETY, Protocol C.
Bib. Drioton 1936a, 7, g.

C12i
Jmn direct (Amun).
Exs. RVI, 2.
Bib. Abitz 1989, 92; also see generally C12g↑

C12i + C12i

ḫᶜ-m-Wɜs.t
direct (Amun ~ “risen in Thebes”) // note: reading
fails to account for paired figures; cf. tj.t Jmn↓
Exs. AOTSB, 112, 1 (= SETY, Protocol F).
Bib. Étienne-Fart 1994, 136; Roberson 2013, 114 (c); Taterka
2015, 75 (reading first figure as nḫt).
// tj.t Jmn
// direct (“image” of Amun + Amun himself).
Exs. AOTSB↑
Bib. For tj.t Jmn as a variant of the Horus name of Sety I,
see Von Beckerath 1999, 149, H21.

C12i.1
Jmn-ḥr-ḫpš=f
direct (“Amun wielding khepesh-scimitar”).
Exs. RVI, 11.
Bib. Abitz 1989, 93.

C12i.2 + A16.1

wḥm-ḫᶜ.w
 see A16.1↑ + C12i.2.

C12L
Jmn direct (Amun).
Exs. SETY, Gurna 9.
Bib. Drioton 1940, 311.

C17b
nḫt direct (antonomasia, Montu = the “strong one,” LGG
IV, 312, Greco-Roman); also see C61↓
Exs. KRI VI, 16, 1.
Bib. Montet 1950, 26–27; also see C61↓

C18f
Ptḥ-tɜ-ṯnn
direct (Ptah-Tatjenen).
Exs. Djehuty H2, 8.
Bib. Espinel 2010, 318 (z), 330.
tɜ direct (metonymy, Tatenen ~ primeval “earth”).
Exs. BC, pl. LXXIII, 4.
Bib. Werning 2008 132 (7–8), 137; also cf. C12↑ and C101.1↓

C19a
wsr object (wɜs-staff) + class (wsr, F12: ); possibly also
 consonantal back-formation: w(ɜ)s > ws(r).
Exs. AOTSB, 112, 1 (= SETY, Protocol F).
Bib. Étienne-Fart 1994, 137; Roberson 2013, 115–16 (k);
Taterka 2015, 77 (“for unknown reasons”).

Ptḥ direct (Ptah).

Exs. Djehuty H2, 7. Louvre C65, 30, nr. 44.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 38, nr. 27; Espinel 2010, 317 (v), 330.

C25
wsr direct (anthropomorphized wsr-hieroglyph, F12: ) /
synecdoche (whole for part, cryptic F78↓: ).
Exs. RII, Abu Simbel 7; Luxor 12.
Bib. Drioton 1940, 316 (unnecessary derivation by
unattested epithet for Anubis, wsry), 321.

C35
qd direct representation (“fashioning”) / antonomasia
(Khnum = “builder,” LGG VII, 227, New Kingdom).
Exs. RII, Luxor unnumbered.
Bib. Klotz 2013; Boraik 2008, 134.

C38.1
nb direct (antonomasia, Bɜ-nb-Ḏd.t = the ram-headed
“lord” of Mendes, LGG II, 683, New Kingdom).
Exs. DAY, 128, 8 (cf. Determinative↓).
Bib. Darnell 2004, 19, n. 19.
Determinative: sšmw, “divine image”
Exs. DAY, 128, 8 (cf. nb↑).
Bib. Müller-Roth 2008, 131 (12a).

C53b
Rᶜ direct (Re).
Exs. SETY, Protocol B; Protocol C.
Bib. see C2a↑

C58 (or similar)

Ḥrw direct (Horus).
Exs. SETY, Protocol B. RII, Abu Simbel 1; Luxor 1; Luxor 10;
Luxor forecourt east architrave (note: figure holds
large ankh = sunjunctive ᶜnḫ Ḥrw, “May Horus live”).
Bib. Drioton 1934, 196; Drioton 1936a, 4 (a); Drioton 1940,
316, 320–321; Taterka 2015, 74.

C59c
Rᶜ direct (Re).
Exs. SETY, Protocol B. RII, Abu Simbel 9; Abu Simbel 12;
Abu Simbel 14; Luxor unnumbered. RVI, 1; 10. KRI II,
613, 2.
Bib. Drioton 1940, 316–317; Abitz 1989, 91; Boraik 2008,
 133; also see C2a↑

C61 (or similar)

pḥ(.ty) direct (Montu ~ the “mighty one”) // Note: reading
is secure but pḥ.tj unattested as an epithet prior to
Third Intermediate Period and not attested, as
such, in conjunction with Montu (for Greco-Roman
epithets of Montu that include pḥ.tj as one element,
see Klotz 2012a, 159, 161; and cf. also LGG III, 100–
101for the G.-R. epithet of Horus as pḥ.tj-n-Mnṯw-m-
ḫfᶜ=f, “The strength of Montu is in his fist”) //
perhaps understand synonymy here, pḥ(.ty) ~ nḫt↓
Exs. SETY, Protocol B.
Bib. Drioton 1936a, 7 (c)
nḫt direct (antonomasia, Montu = the “strong one,” LGG
IV, 312, Greco-Roman); also see C17b↑
Exs. SETY, Protocol B. RII, Abu Simbel 15; Luxor 18; Luxor
forecourt east architrave; Luxor unnumbered; KRI II,
613, 2.
Bib. Drioton 1934, 196; Drioton 1936a, 5 (a); Drioton 1940,
317, 322; Boraik 2008, 133; Lurson 2009, 47–48; Taterka
2015, 74.

C65a
Ḥrw direct (Horus).
Exs. Djehuty H2, 1.
Bib. Espinel 2010, 330.
C70.1
Ḥrw direct + class (falcon-headed deities, Sokar ~ Horus).
Exs. Djehuty H2, 1.
Bib. Espinel 2010, 315 (c), 330.

C79
ms direct (solar “child”).
Exs. RVI, 12. Ostracon CG 25671.
Bib. Abitz 1989, 93; Sauneron and Yoyotte 1950, 10–11;
Morenz 2004, 314.

C80.1
ms(w) direct (Khonsu, the “child”).
Exs. KRI II, 613, 2; also cf. C279↓
Bib. see C279↓
ḫ see A57c↑ + N62.

C91.1

sᶜnḫ-tɜ.wy
direct (metonymy, Hapy bearing the Nile bounty that
“Causes the Two Lands to Live”).
Exs. SETY, Protocol B. AOTSB, 112, 1 (= SETY, Protocol F).
Bib. Drioton 1936a, 5 (b); Étienne-Fart 1994, 136; Roberson
2013, 114 (d), n. 535; Taterka 2015, 75.

C91.2
variant C91.1↑
SETY, Protocol F.

C94
kɜ direct (a kɜ-genius bearing food).
Exs. Frankfurt palette.
Bib. Drioton 1936, 28–29 (d); Seidlmayer 1991, 322 (c); also
cf. Ventker 2014.

C95.1
sɜ- direct (antonomasia, Onuris = “son of Re,” LGG VI, 86,
Rᶜ New Kingdom).
Exs. SETY, Protocol A. RII, Protocol D.
Bib. Drioton 1936a, 3 (f)

C95.2
sɜ-Rᶜ variant C95.1↑

C96.1
sɜ- direct (antonomasia, Onuris = “son of Re,” LGG VI, 86,
Rᶜ New Kingdom); cf. C95.1↑
Exs. RII, Abu Simbel 13. RVI, 5.
Bib. Drioton 1940, 317; Abitz 1989, 93; also see C95.1↑

C98.1
Stẖ class (C7: ).
Exs. AOTSB, 105, 1. SETY, Gurna 3.
Bib. Drioton 1940, 310; Werning 2011, vol. 1, 17, n. 10;
Roberson 2013, 108 (e); also cf. A43a–b↑

C98.2
Stẖ variant C98.1↑
Exs. SETY, Protocol A.

C98a + N1

nb p.t direct (“lord” + “sky”).

Exs. AOTSB, 101, 2.
Bib. Roberson 2013, 101–02 (d).

C98a + N17

nb p.t direct (“lord”) + class (p.t, N1↑: ); cf. C98a + N1↑

Exs. AOTSB, 101, 1.
Bib. see C98a + N1↑
C98e
Wsjr direct (Osiris).
Exs. SETY, Protocol B. Djehuty H2, 3 (?)
Bib. Drioton 1938, 6 (h); Espinel 2010, 330.

C101.1
tɜ class (atef crown < Geb crown); direct (metonymy, Geb
~ “earth”).
Exs. AOTSB, 112, 1 (= SETY, Protocol F).
Bib. Étienne-Fart 1994, 137–38; Roberson 2013, 116
(reading: unclear); Klotz 2014 51 and n. 87; Taterka
2015, 77 (“for unknown reasons”); also cf. C12↑ and
C18f↑

C102d
Ptḥ direct (Ptah).
Exs. AOTSB, 105, 1 (= SETY, Protocol F). SETY, Protocol A,
Protocol C; Gurna 7.
Bib. Drioton 1940, 311; Roberson 2013, 108–09 (f).

C102e
Ptḥ variant C102d↑

C102e.1
Ptḥ variant C102d↑
C104
š direct (Shu) + consonantal (Šw).
Exs. RII, Luxor 42.
Bib. Drioton 1940, 327.

C118a.1

wḥm-ms.wt
direct (the moon as a periodic deity ~ “repeater of
births”) // note: as epithet, associated primarily with
Osiris-Apis and the sun god in the New Kingdom (LGG
II, 521); for the moon specifically, cf. also Greco-
Roman epithet of Khonsu, wḥm-ms.wt-mj-jtn, “repeater
of births, like the sun disc” (ibid.) and similar (Klotz
2012a, 92–93, and n. 408).
Exs. AOTSB, 112, 1 (= SETY, Protocol F).
Bib. Drioton 1936a, 13 (f); Étienne-Fart 1994, 136; Roberson
2013, 114 (f), n. 536. For Osiris as the moon, crowned
with the crescent and disc, see Griffiths 1976; and
Graefe 1979; Taterka 2015, 76 and n. 20; for Osiris as
the periodically visible/invisible lunar deity, see Meeks
1991, 8–9.

C128.1
nb direct (“lord”); cf. A23a↑
Exs. RII, Protocol D.
Bib. Drioton 1936a, 8 (b); also see A23a↑

C155.1
wr.t direct (antonomasia, Tɜ-wr.t = “the great one,” LGG VII,
331–332, New Kingdom); also see E134.1↓
Exs. Nefertari.
Bib. Taterka 2015, 78–79.

C156 (or similar)

m direct (Mut) + consonantal (mw.t); also cf. C161.1↓,
C196↓)
Exs. Neferrenpet, 21, nr. 15.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 38, nr. 30.
Mw.t direct (Mut); note: second figure, holding wɜs-scepter
in extended upper hand.
Exs. Nefertari.
Bib. Taterka 2015, 79–80 (see A17↑, nfr, for caveats on T.’s
reading).
ḥm.t direct (Mut, the “wife” of Amun); note: first figure,
holding large sw-sedge in extended upper hand =
ḥm.t nj-sw.t)
Exs. Nefertari.
Bib. Taterka 2015, 78–79.

C161.1
m antonomasia (Isis = mw.t-nṯr, “mother of the god,”
LGG III, 261, New Kingdom) + consonantal (mw.t).
Exs. RII, Luxor unnumbered (4 ×). KRI II, 613, 1 (damaged).
Bib. Boraik 2008, 133–134.

C165
rw direct (“lioness”) + consonantal (rw.t).
Exs. RII, Luxor 43.
Bib. Drioton 1040, 327.

C169.1
Sḫm.t direct (Sekhmet).
Exs. Djehuty H2, 9
Bib. Espinel 2010, 330 (“A51A with lion head”).

C175
mɜᶜ.t direct (Ma’at); cf. C10a↑
Exs. SETY, Protocol B. RII, Abu Simbel 4, 8; Luxor 4; Luxor
forecourt east architrave. RVI, 4.
Bib. Drioton 1934, 196; Drioton 1940, 316, 320; Taterka
2015, 74; also see C10a↑

C184.1 + C188b
nb.tj direct (antonomasia, Nekhbet & Wadjet = the “two
ladies”, LGG IV, 173, New Kingdom, “Kronengöttin”)
Exs. AOTSB, 112, 1 (= SETY, Protocol F).
Bib. Étienne-Fart 1994, 136; Roberson 2013, 114 (e);
Taterka 2015, 75–76.

C184.2 + C188b + S12

nb.tj direct (as previous↑) + consonantal back-formation
(nb.wj, “two nbw-hieroglyphs” > nb.tj)
Exs. RII, Luxor 5.
Bib. Drioton 1940, 320.

C184.3
sṯy direct (Satet) + consonantal (Sṯ.t).
Exs. KRI II, 613, 1.

C185
n direct (Neith / red crown) + consonantal (n.t)
Exs. Louvre C65, 26, nr. 32.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 38, nr. 31.

C188b
bj.tj object (crown of Lower Egypt) / direct (metonymy,
goddess of Lower Egypt).
Exs. SETY, Protocol B.
Bib. Drioton 1936a, 5 (c).
n object (cryptic S3↓: ).
Exs. RII, Abu Simbel 11; Luxor unnumbered (2 ×).
Bib. Drioton 1940, 317; Boraik 2008, 134.

C196
m consonantal + phonetic (Nw.t > n ~ m) / antonomasia
(Nut = mw.t, divine “mother” of the deceased, see
Schott 1965) + consonantal.
Exs. RII, Luxor unnumbered (2 ×). KRI II, 613, 1 (2 ×, both
damaged).
Bib. Boraik 2008, 134–135.

C225
ẖnm.t object (ẖnm-vase) / direct + antonomasia
(anthropomorphized temple of Ramesses II, ẖnm.t-
nḥḥ).
Exs. RII, Luxor unnumbered.
Bib. Boraik 2008, 133.

C227 + I6
Km.t object (km-crocodile scale) / direct
(anthropomorphized Egypt / Kemet).
Exs. RII, Luxor 7.
Bib. Drioton 1940, 320–321.
C228
nbw direct (antonomasia, Hathor = nbw.t, “golden one,”
LGG IV, 180–181, New Kingdom) + consonantal / direct
(“lady”) + consonantal (nb.t, Wb II, 232.4–16/237–239).
Exs. AOTSB, 112, 1. RII, Luxor 11, 40.
Bib. Drioton 1940, 321–322, 325–326; Étienne-Fart 1994,
137; Klotz 2012b, 26, n. 45; Roberson 2013, 115 (i);
Taterka 2015, 76–77.

C268
Rᶜ direct (Re); variant C2a↑
Exs. Semna Statuette, front, 1 (= Klotz and Brown 2016,
278). KRI II, 251, 7 (Amara West).
Bib. See C2a↑

C268a
Rᶜ direct (Re); variant C2a↑
Exs. AOTSB, 112, 1 (= SETY, Protocol F). RII, Protocol E.
Bib. see C2a↑

C278
Wɜs.t direct (metonymy, emblem & goddess of Thebes).
Exs. SETY, Gurna 11.
Bib. Drioton 1940, 312.
C278.1
Wɜs.t direct (metonymy, emblem & goddess of Thebes).
Exs. SETY, Protocol B.
Bib. Drioton 1936a, 5 (a).

C279
ms(w) direct (Khonsu, as a “child”) // sportive (m-sw, “with
the sw-hieroglyph)
Exs. RII, Abu Simbel 15, Luxor 18, Luxor unnumbered;
also cf. C80.1↑
Bib. Drioton 1940, 317, 322; Boraik 2008, 133.

C284.1
nsw thematic (Thoth ~ jn-sj > jn-sw, “he who brings it,” i.e.
the solar eye) + consonantal; also cf. E36↓
Exs. KRI II, 346, 6 (= Kuentz 1971, pl. XXIII).
Bib. Drioton 1940, 362 (130, similar spelling from Hibis).
D Parts of the human body
D2
jr.t synecdoche (whole for part, D4↓/D12↓: / ).
Exs. BC, pl. LXII, 8 (= WHb, 236, 19).
Bib. see D12↓
ḥ consonantal (ḥr ~ Coptic ϨⲞ, Wb III, 125.6 ff.)
Exs. Louvre C65, 26, nr. 13.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 38, nr. 33 (acrophony, sic.)
sᶜḥ shape (S20↓)
Exs. AMD, 286, 10.
Bib. See S20↓

D3
w // Hieratic (cryptic G39↓: / cryptic G39.1↓: );
cf. Möller 1927, 7, nr. 81, Harris H.M.: [D3] vs. ibid.,
19, nr. 215, Harris H.M. (et al.): [G39]. //
consonantal wn(wn)↓ > w(n)?
Exs. BG, 195, 1, 6 (= Manassa 2006, Text G, in sɜɜw=f)
wnwn logogram (Wb I, 318.1–9).
Exs. BSOU, pl. 6A, 3.
Bib. Darnell 2004, 79–80; Manassa 2004, 590.
ḥrj sportive (hair = “that which is above”); cf.↓
Exs. AOTSB, 89, 1, 4.
Bib. Roberson 2013, 90 (d), n. 419.
ḥrj- sportive (hair = ḥr.t-tp “that which is above the head,”
tp Wb III, 141.7–8).
Exs. BG, 195, 1, 6 (= Manassa 2006, Text G). Khaemhat, 4,
nr. 25.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 38, nr. 35; Manassa 2006, 124a, n. 99.
km shape (I6: ) / class (body covering: human hair,
crocodile scale).
Exs. RII, Luxor unnumbered.
Bib. Boraik 2008, 135.

D4
mɜ(ɜ) logogram (Wb II, 7).
Exs. AMD, 122, 3, 5, 7, 9; 126, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9; 150, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7,
9; 451, 1, 3, 5, 6, 8, 11, 12. MMA palette, 16, nr. 25.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 38, nr. 36 (acrophony, sic.); Fairman
1945, 98; Werning 2008, 137.

r consonantal (jr.t / jrj, Wb I, 106–112)

Exs. BG, 197, 5 (= Manassa 2006, Text N). DAY, 209, 2. NUT,
§ 69.
Bib. Manassa 2006, 132; Müller-Roth 2008, 455; Klotz
2011a, 481.

D4 + D4
ptr logogram (Wb I, 564) // sign doubled on analogy with
D12↓ + D12, mɜɜ.
Exs. AMD, 351, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10.

D6
jmj direct (pupil “within” the eye; cf. D12↓: ) // class
(cryptic D4↑: ) + consonantal back-formation
(mɜɜ).
Exs. BC: MLEU, pl. 288A, 6.
Bib. Manassa 2007, 407 (e), n. 566.
r class (cryptic D4↑: ).
Exs. BG, 197, 4 (= Manassa 2006, Text N).

D7
ᶜn class (D6: ) + logogram (Wb I, 190).
Exs. BG, 195, 1, 2, 4, 6 (= Manassa 2006, Text M).
r class (cryptic D4↑: ).
Exs. BG, 197, 1, 2, 3 (= Manassa 2006, Text N).
Bib. Manassa 2006, 112.
mɜɜ class (cryptic D4↑: / cryptic D7a↓).
Exs. DAY, 265, 1, 2.

D7a
mɜ(ɜ) logogram (Wb II, 7, since Dyn. 19) / class (cryptic
D4↑: ).
Exs. Djehuty H2, 7 (3 ×). Louvre C65, 30, nr. 57 (mɜɜ: ).
Bib. Drioton 1933, 38, nr. 37; Espinel 2010, 330.

D9
rm(y.t) logogram (Wb II, 417) + consonantal.
Exs. AMD, 288, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7. BC, pl. LXXVI, nr. 4 (1, 2) (=
WHb, 240, 5). NUT, § 75.
Bib. Werning 2008, 126, 138.

D9a
rm(y.t) variant D9↑

D10
jr.t class (D4: ) + direct (“eye”).
Exs. AMD, 580, 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 11. Djehuty H2, 7 (also cf.
wɜḏ.t↓).
Bib. Werning 2008, 138; Espinel 2010, 330.
jr(j) consonantal (jr.t↑).
Exs. SETY, Gurna 12.
Bib. Drioton 1940, 312.
ᶜnḫ logogram + consonantal (ᶜnḫ.t, Wb I, 205.5–7).
Exs. Louvre C65, 26, nr. 54.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 38, nr. 38 (acrophony, sic.).
wḏɜ.t logogram (Wb I, 402.3–4).
Exs. Djehuty H2, 7 (also cf. jr.t↑).
Bib. Espinel 2010, 330.
mɜᶜ.t // sportive (Ma’at = the “Eye of Re”).
Exs. Khaemhat, 5, nr. 52. Monuments of Senenmut, Berlin
2296; CG 42114.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 38 (reading ᶜ, by acrophony); Drioton
1938, 233–235 (reading ᶜ, by acrophony).

D12
jr(.t) synecdoche (part for whole, D4: ) + consonantal.
Exs. AMD, 286, 2, 3, 5, 9; 288, 3, 5, 6; 298, 2, 3, 5, 6, 9; 301, 3,
5, 7; 348, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 10, 11; 382, 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 12; 432,
2, 3, 4, 6; 536, 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9; 537, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9; 539, 2
(3 ×), 5 (3 ×), 9 (3 ×); 558, 2, 3, 5, 8, 10; 565, 3, 5, 7, 9, 10,
11; 570, 3, 4, 5, 7; 632, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10; 656, 1, 2, 3, 4,
5, 8; 659, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9; 686, 1, 3, 5, 8, 9; 689, 1, 2,
3, 4, 5, 8, 9; 695, 1 (2 ×), 2, 3 (2 ×), 4 (2 ×), 5, 6 (2 ×), 7 (2
×), 8 (2 ×), 9 (2 ×); 709, 2 (3 ×), 3 (3 ×), 5 (2 ×), 6, 7 (3 ×), 8
(3 ×); 710, 2 (2 ×), 3 (2 ×), 5 (2 ×), 6, 8 (2 ×); 711, 1, 2, 3, 5,
6, 7, 8; 713, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6; 716, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8; 807, 1,
2, 3 (2 ×), 4 (2 ×), 5 (2 ×), 6; 808, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6; and
passim. AOTSB, 97, 1 (?), 2, 3 (?). BC, pl. LXII, 1, 2 (=
WHb, 236, 17), 9 (= WHb, 236, 19); LXXVII, nr. 12 (2) (=
WHb, 246, 3). NIGHT, 83 (nr. 2), 5 (2 ×), 6 (2 ×); 84 (nr.
2), 4 (2 × each, dual); 89, 5, 6 (2 × each, dual); 90, 3, 4, 5
(2 × each, dual); 91, 5, 6 (2 × each, dual); 92, 1, 3, 4, 5
(2 × each, dual). BG, 198, 2, 3, 4, 6 (= Manassa 2006,
Text J); 200 (bottom), 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 (= Manassa 2006,
Text P). BSOU, pls. 13A, 6; 21, 47 (2 ×); 30, 5 (right); 33;
34A, 9. DAY, 356, 4 (2 ×). Djehuty H1, 1 (?); Djehuty H2,
8. Khaemhat, 7, nr. 121.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 38, nr. 39; Drioton 1942, 100, No 42;
Fairman 1945, 104; Darnell 2004, 8, n. 29, 139–40, n.
463; Manassa 2004, 590; Manassa 2006, 112, 128, 135
(without comment); Werning 2008, 138; Espinel 2010,
308 (b.3), 330; Roberson 2013, 98 (e), nn. 456–457.
jtn shape (N5↓: ) + direct/thematic (disc ~ solar eye);
also cf. Rᶜ↓
Exs. AOTSB, 65, 5, 6, 7, 8; 97, 1, 2, 3; 101, 1, 2. Djehuty H1, 1
(?); Djehuty H2, 8.
Bib. Fairman 1945, 98; Espinel 2010, 309 (h), 330; Roberson
2013, 74 (p), n. 361.
w shape (Z7↓: ).
Exs. DAY, 281, 2 (?).
Bib. Müller-Roth 2008, 286 (3a).
b // logogram + consonantal (bɜbɜ / bb, “cavern; eye
socket,” et al., Wb I, 419); also perhaps shape/phonetic
(Q3: ; cf. p↓)
Exs. Khaemhat, 4, nr. 9; 6, nr. 77; 6, nr. 85; 8, nr. 128. MMA
Palette, 15, nr. 14; 16, nrs. 35, 42; 17, nr. 62.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 38 (acrophony).
bɜ consonantal (bɜbɜ, cf. b↑).
Exs. MMA Palette, 16, nr. 42.
p shape (Q3: ); perhaps also shape/phonetic (b↑)
Exs. Neferrenpet, 21, nr. 10.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 38, nr. 39 (acrophony)
pᶜ.t shape (X6: ) + logogram (Gardiner 1957, 532)
Exs. Khaemhat, 7, nr. 106.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 39, nr. 39.
m synecdoche (part for whole, D4↑: ) + consonantal
(< mɜɜ) // sportive (jmj, “that which is in” the eye).
Exs. Djehuty H2, 5.
Bib. Espinel 2010, 316 (r), 330.
mɜ(ɜ) synecdoche (part for whole, D4↑: ).
Exs. AMD, 116, 2, 3, 5, 9; also cf. D12↓ + D12.
Bib. Werning 2008, 138.
mt logogram (Wb II, 165).
Exs. AMD, 435, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10, 11.
Bib. Hornung 1963, 103 (without comment).
n shape (O49: ) + consonantal (njw.t) / shape (W24: )
+ consonantal (nw)
Exs. Djehuty H1, 4 (2 ×), 5. KRI II, 880, 10. Khaemhat, 4, nr.
16; 5, nr. 40; 8, nrs. 134, 138. MMA Palette, 16, nr. 28.
Louvre C65, 26, nrs. 15, 31, 58; 27, nr. 77; 30, nrs. 56,
59.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 38, nr. 39, 46, nr. 127; Satzinger 1985,
31–32; Espinel 2010, 311 (r), 330.
nṯr shape (O49: ) + consonantal (< njw.t) + phonetic (nt ~
nṯr); also cf. D12 + D12, nṯ(r)↓
Exs. Abydos 2, side B.
Bib. Effland and Effland 2004, 15 (b), and n. 59.
r synecdoche (part for whole, D4↑: ) + consonantal
(jr.t, Wb I, 106–107) / shape (cryptic N5↓: )
Exs. AMD, 580, 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 11. BC, pl. 73, 1, 2 (= WHb, 270,
1). BSOU, pl. 24, 10. Djehuty H2, 6. Neferrenpet, 21, nr.
10.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 39, nr. 39; Darnell 2004, 8, n. 29, 139–40,
n. 463; Werning 2008, 138; Espinel 2010, 317 (t), 330.
Rᶜ shape (N5↓: ) / direct (the “sun” disc); also cf. jtn↑
Exs. SETY, Protocol C. AMD, 146, 6 (2 ×), 8 (2 ×). AOTSB, 65,
5, 6, 7, 8; 93, 1. BC, pl. LX, II. 1, 2, 4 (= WHb, 236, 11);
LXII, 1, 2, 3 (= WHb, 236, 16); LXXVI, nr. 5 (1, 2) (= WHb,
240, 7); LXXVI, nr. 6 (1, 2) (= WHb, 240, 9); LXXVII, nr. 14
(1, 2, 3) (= WHb, 248, 1); LXXIX, nr. 28 (1, 2, 4) (= WHb,
274, 1); LXXIX, nr. 29 (1, 2, 3, 4) (= WHb, 274, 2); CXLVI,
nr. 5 (1, 2, 3) (= WHb, 380, 4); CXLVIII, nr. 22 (1, 2, 3) (=
WHb, 404, 2). BE, 313/8, a, b. BG, 195, 1, 2, 4, 5 (=
Manassa 2006, Text M); 197, 2, 3, 4, 5 (= Manassa 2006,
Text N). NIGHT, 155, 1, 2 (= Roberson 2020b, § 10, a).
Djehuty H1, 1 (?), 5. Khaemhat, 5, nr. 75. Louvre C65,
27, nr. 87.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 39, nr. 39; Fairman 1945, 98; Werning
2008, 145; Espinel 2010, 330; Roberson 2013, 75 (t),
and 95 (d).
ḥrj shape (N5↓: ).
Exs. AMD, 356, 7 (3 ×), 9 (3 ×), 10 (3 ×), 11 (3 ×).
Bib. see N5↓
ḫ shape (Aa1↓: ).
Exs. BG, 197, 4 (= Manassa 2006, Text N); 198, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 (=
Manassa 2006, Text J); 199, 2 (= Manassa 2006, Text I);
200 (top), 1, 2, 3, 4 (= Manassa 2006, Text O); 200
(bottom), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 (= Manassa 2006, Text P).
 NIGHT, 155, 3, 4 (= Roberson 2020b, § 10, a).
Khaemhat, 5, nrs. 64, 72, 73. Neferrenpet, 21, nr. 10.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 39, nr. 39; Fairman 1945, 66 (5);
Manassa 2006, 127 (a), 132 (a).
s shape (F51↓ / H8↓: / ).
Exs. AMD, 435, 11; 479, 5.
Bib. see F51↓ and H8↓
k shape (Aa1↓: ) + phonetic (ḫ ~ k).
Exs. BSOU, pl. 11, 5.
Bib. Darnell 2004, 128 (a) and n. 408; Manassa 2004, 590;
for ḫ > k already from Dyn. 18 and later, see
Quaegebuer 1990, 75, n. 9 (also cf. Quack 2005, 27).
g shape (W11↓: ) / phonetic (ḫ ~ k↑ ~ g)
Exs. NUT, § 97.
t/ṯ synecdoche (whole for part, X1↓) / phonetic (t ~ ṯ).
Exs. BG, 193, 2, 4, 6 (= Manassa 2006, Text C); 196, 1 (=
Manassa 2006, Text F). Djehuty H1, 1 (?), 3; Djehuty H2,
3, 6, 9 (3 ×). NIGHT, 154, 4 (= Roberson 2020b, § 6, d);
155, 4 (= Roberson 2020b, § 10, d). Khaemhat, 5, nr. 40;
8, nr. 147. Louvre C65, 26, nr. 53.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 38, nr. 39; Drioton 1942, 100, No 42;
Vikentiev 1943, 116–117; Espinel 2010, 330.
dmḏ synecdoche (part for whole, S23: ).
Exs. Djehuty H2, 2.
Bib. Espinel 2010, 315 (j), 330.
Determinative: ɜ.t
 shape (N5: )
Exs. NIGHT, 155, 4 (= Roberson 2020b, § 7, a).
Determinative: ɜw.t
shape (X4↓: ) // synecdoche (whole for part, X1↓:
) + class (X4↓).
Exs. Djehuty H2, 8.
Bib. Espinel 2010, 330.
Determinative: Jwnw
shape (O49: ).
Exs. NIGHT, 155, 1 (= Roberson 2020b, § 9, e).

D12 + D12 (horizontal or vertical) ,

pɜw.tj shape (X6↓: ).
Exs. Khaemhat, 7, nr. 106.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 39.
mɜɜ synecdoche (part for whole, D4↑: ); also cf. D12↑
and H16↓ + H16.
Exs. AMD, 349, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 10; 351, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10; 441, 1,
2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 11, 12; 451, 1, 3, 5, 8, 11, 12; 779, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7;
785, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6; and passim. BSOU, pls. 7A, 1; 10B, 6;
11, 6; 13A, 3; 13B, 13; 14, 8. Khaemhat, 5, nr. 48.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 39, nr. 40; Fairman 1945, 101; Darnell
2004, 8, n. 29; Manassa 2004, 590; Werning 2008, 138;
Werning 2011, vol. 1, 183–85, § 110; Roberson 2012,
87–88.
nṯ(r) common values of D12 (n + t, ṯ)↑ + phonetic (nt ~ nṯr);
also cf. D12, nṯr↑
Exs. Khaemhat, 5, nr. 40.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 38.

D12 + D234
dj class (D37↓: ).
Exs. AOTSB, 65, 1, 3.
Bib. Roberson 2013, 68 (e).

D13
nw shape (U19: )
Exs. MMA Palette, 17, nr. 88.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 43, nr. 98.

D18
jdn class (ears, F21: )
Exs. Semna Statuette, body, 2R, 2L (= Klotz and Brown
2016, 285).
Bib. Klotz and Brown 2016, 287 (o), n. 130, 301.

D19
ḥ class (D2↑: , ḥ).
Exs. BC, pl. LXVII, 1 (= WHb, 258, 2)
Bib. see D2↑
ḫft direct (“what is in front”).
Exs. BC, pl. CL, nr. 36 (RVI) (= WHb, 418, 7).
Bib. Werning 2008, 138; also see ḫnt↓ and F63↓
ḫnt direct (“what is in front”); class (F63↓) + logogram (Wb
III, 302–303)
Exs. NUT: § 1 (?). Louvre C65, 26, nr. 1; 27, nr. 74.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 39, nr. 41; Leitz, 2008–2009, 20; cf. Von
Lieven 2007, 48, n. 176 (as determinative) and Régen
2015b, 222 (as determinative; hieratic confusion); also
see ḫft↑ and F63↓
s // hieratic confusion + consonantal (Aa32: , in stj,
Gardiner 1957, 452, 512)
Exs. Louvre C65, 30, nr. 56.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 39, nr. 41 (acrophony).
sn logogram (Wb IV, 153.8–15).
Exs. Djehuty H1, 3; Djehuty H2, 4 (2 ×), 5 (3 ×), 7. NUT, § 132
(cf. the parallel in § 116).
Bib. Espinel 2010, 330; Klotz 2011a, 488.

D21
ɜ phonetic (r ~ ɜ).
Exs. BSOU, pls. 21, 37; 25A, 39 (= 3, left); 28B, II. 3, 6; 30, 5
(right).
Bib. Darnell 2004, 186, n. 98; Manassa 2004, 591.
j phonetic (r ~ j).
Exs. BSOU, pl. 28A, 12.
Bib. Darnell 2004, 62, n. 120; Manassa 2004, 591.
ᶜ back-formation (D36: ); phonetic (r ~ ᶜ).
Exs. BSOU, pl. 30, 6 (right).
Bib. Darnell 2004, 235–6, n. 270, 265, n. 419; Manassa 2004,
591.
w hieratic (Z7: ); cf. Möller 1927, 8, nr. 91, Gurob, Harris
H.M., P. Abbott: , , [D21] vs. ibid., 18, 200B,
Lederhs., Ennene: , [Z7]; also cf. , in ibid., 68,
nr. LI: , vs. G43: , in ibid., 18, nr. 200, Ennene,
Harris H.M.: , .
Exs. BSOU, pls. 24, 32; 25A, 37, 38 (= 1, 2 left); 30, 4, 5, 6
(right).
Bib. Darnell 2004, 109, n. 342, 168, n. 24; Manassa 2004,
591.
p class (D26↓: ).
Exs. BSOU, pls. 18A (first dome, T1, T3); Ramesses VI
passim. BE, 313/8, a, b; 356/44, 4.
Bib. Darnell 2004, 167, n. 20; Werning 2008, 138; Roberson
2012, 94, n. 228, 97 and n. 253; also see D26↓
f consonantal back-formation (r, “mouth” > r(ɜ),
“serpent,” I14↓: , f).
Exs. BSOU, pl. 18A (first dome, B4).
Bib. Darnell 2004, 168; Manassa 2004, 591.
m phonetic (n↓ ~ m).
Exs. BSOU, pls. 24, 30, 31; 25, 40, 47; 28B, 2; 30, 3, 6 (right).
Bib. Darnell 2004, 217; Manassa 2004, 591.
n hieratic (N35: ) // note: similarity evident mainly
in ligatures, cf. Möller 1927, 66, nr. XXIX, Petoere,

Harris Th.: , [ ] vs. ibid, nr. XXX:

, [ ].

Exs. BSOU, pls. 18B (1st dome, B4, 2 ×); 21, 10 (2 ×); 24, 12;
25, 44 (= 8 middle).
Bib. Darnell 2004, 174; Manassa 2004, 592.
sɜ consonantal back-formation (r, “mouth” > r(ɜ),
“goose,” G39↓: , sɜ).
Exs. BSOU, pl. 28B, 3.
Bib. Darnell 2004, 168, 225; Manassa 2004, 592.
t/d Hieratic (D46: / V13: / X1: ); cf. Möller
1927, 8, nr. 91, Ennene (et al.): [D21] vs. ibid., 10, nr.
115: [D46] / ibid., 47, nr. 528: [V13] / and
ibid., 52, nr. 575: [X1].
Exs. AMD, 597, 8, 10. BC, pl. CXLIX, nr. 26 (= WHb, 414, 1).
BSOU pls. 24, 31; 25, 40; 30, 3 (right, 2 ×), 6 (right), 4
(left, 3 ×). BE, 356/44, 4. NUT, § 63.
Bib. Darnell 2004, 61, n. 118; Werning 2008, 138; Roberson
 2012, 79, n. 123.

D26
ᶜ shape (Aa3c: / Aa2↓: ).
Exs. BSOU, pl. 8, 11.
Bib. Darnell 2004, 97; Manassa 2004, 592.
p unknown / onomatopoeia + consonantal (*pwj, pɜj)?
Exs. AOTSB, 89, 1. BC, pls. LX, 1, 2, 5 (= WHb, 236, 11, 15);
LXII, 1 (2 ×) (= WHb, 236, 18–19); LXIII, 1 (= WHb, 238,
27); LXIV, 1 (= WHb, 240, 15); LXIX, 1, 2, 3 (4 × each) (=
WHb, 1–2); LXXIII, 3, 4, 5 (2 × each) (= WHb, 270, 1);
LXXIV, 8 (= WHb, 276, 4); LXXVI, nr. 3 (= WHb, 240, 3);
LXXVIII, nrs. 18 (1) (= WHb, 248, 5), 21 (1) (= WHb, 254,
2); LXXIX, nr. 29 (2, 4) (= WHb, 274, 2); CXLVI, nrs. 2 (1,
2, 3) (= WHb, 274, 2), 5 (1, 2, 3) (= WHb, 380, 4); CXLVII,
nrs. 8 (1, 2) (= WHb, 386, 2), 9 (1, 2, 3) (= WHb, 386, 3);
CXLIX, nr. 26 (= WHb, 414, 1); MLEU, pl. 288A, 6 (3 ×);
288B (CG), 3; 288C (CG), 2. BE, 303/1, x + 2, x + 3; 304/2,
2, 14, 15, 16; 305/3, 1; 306/4, x + 3, x + 5, x + 6, x + 7;
307/5, 5, 2; 350/38, x + 12 (?). BG, 193, 1, 2, 6 (=
Manassa 2006, Text C). BSOU, pls. 4B (3 ×), 5B, 4, 18;
5C, 4, 12 (2 ×), 25; 7A, 1 (2 ×); 7B, 1 (4 ×), 3;
Tutankhamun, passim; 23, 35, 41; 24, 34; 33 (5 ×). DAY,
128, 10; 142, 5. NUT, § 51; x + 6; x + 64. MLEU, pl. 129A,
2 (2 ×), 129B, 3 (2 ×). Parennefer (= Darnell 2004, pl.
1C). Khaemhat, 5, nrs. 39, 45, 61, 70; 6, nr. 80; 7, nr.
108; 8, nrs. 131, 137.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 39, nr. 43 (acrophony); Fairman 1945,
63, 70, 82–83 (d); Darnell 2004, 42–45; Manassa 2004,
592; Manassa 2007, vol. 1, 143, 406; Werning 2008, 128,
 139; Roberson 2012, 97, and n. 254; Roberson 2013, 90
(c).
nt logogram + consonantal (ntt, Wb II, 357.6, Late Period
and Greco-Roman).
Exs. Louvre C65, 26, nr. 31.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 39, nr. 43.
t/ṯ consonantal (tf↓).
Exs. Djehuty H2, 3, 4 (2 ×), 5, 6 (2 ×), 9 (2 ×). Khaemhat, 8,
nr. 123. Louvre C65, 26, nr. 9; 27, nr. 83; 30, nr. 57.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 39, nr. 43 (acrophony, sic.); Espinel
2010, 330; for final weak f, see Klotz 2011b, 248, n. 14.
tf rebus (Wb V, 297.6–8).
Exs. BC, pl. LXX, 1, 2, 3 (= WHb, 264, 2). Neferrenpet, 21, nr.
21. Louvre C65, 26, nr. 45.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 39, nr. 43; Werning 2008, 139; Werning
2011, 264 (reconstruction, far right).

D26a
variant D26↑

D26b
variant D26↑

D35
ᶜ.wy // direct (dual ᶜ-arms); class + synecdoche (whole for
part, D36↓: ).
Exs. BC, pl. LXVII, 2 (= WHb, 258, 2).

D36
jm class (D38↓: ).
Exs. AMD, 347, 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 9, 10, 11; 349, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10; 375,
1, 2 (2 ×), 3 (2 ×), 5 (2 ×), 7 (2 ×), 8, 9 (2 ×), 11 (2 ×), 12 (2
×); 376, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 11; 378, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 12; 381,
3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 12; 433, 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11. BSOU, pls.
21, 10, 22; 22b, 3.
Bib. Darnell 2004, 182; Manassa 2004, 592; Werning 2008,
139.
m consonantal (jm↑).
Exs. AMD, 119, 2, 7, 9; 123, 1, 3, 5; 125, 3, 5, 7, 9; 355, 1, 2, 3,
4, 5, 10, 11; 438, 1, 2, 3, 4; NUT, § 69.
Bib. Darnell 2004, 190, n. 111; Manassa 2004, 592; Werning
2008, 139; Klotz 2011a, 481.
n class (D35↑: ).
Exs. BSOU, pl. 10A, 4; NUT, § 50; 118.
Bib. Darnell 2004, 118, n. 374; Manassa 2004, 593; Klotz
2011a, 482.
d/ synecdoche (whole for part, D46↓: ).
ḏ
Exs. BC, pls. LXII, 2, 3 (= WHb, 236, 18); MLEU, pl. 288A, 6.
BG, 193, 1, 2, 4, 6 (= Manassa 2006, Text C); 196, 1, 2, 3,
4, 6 (= Manassa 2006, Text F); 200 (bottom), 5, 6, 7, 8 (=
Manassa 2006, Text P). NUT, § 130.
Bib. Zeidler 1999, vol. 2, 148.11; Manassa 2006, 112, n. 24;
 Werning 2008, 139.
dj synecdoche (whole for part, D46↓: ).
Exs. BE, 305/3, 3 (?); 313/8, a, b. BSOU, pl. 33, 4 (2 × = dd);
NUT, § 111; 157. Louvre C65, 27, nr. 65.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 39, nr. 44; Werning 2008, 139.

D36 + D36
r phonetic (ᶜ.wj ~ r).
Exs. NUT, § 116; 120; x + 76; Shadow, 12.
Bib. Vikentiev 1943, 119; Darnell 2004, 235–36; Manassa
2004, 593; Von Lieven 2007, 32; Klotz 2011a, 482; von
Bomhard 2014, 91 (p).

D36 + D36 var.

kɜ class (D28: ).
Exs. Louvre C65, 27, nr. 72.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 39, nr. 45.

D36 + N29
d class / shape (D37↓: ).
Exs. BC, pl. LXII, 1 (= WHb, 236, 18).
Bib. see D36↑, d / ḏ.

D36 + N36
m consonantal (mr) + non-cryptic determinative
Exs. AOTSB, 97, 1, 2 (2 ×), 3 (2 ×).
Bib. Roberson 2013, 100, h.

D36 + M12
ḫɜᶜ direct (ḫɜ-plant + ᶜ-arm)
Exs. Louvre C65, 26, nr. 10.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 39, nr. 48.

D36 + V17
msw consonantal (m-sɜ); also cf. A114.1↑
Exs. Monuments of Minmose (= Effland and Effland 2004,
11–12, Kryptogramm Brooklyn 16.206).
Bib. Effland and Effland 2004, 11–12 (acrophony, sic.);
Klotz and Brown 2016, 273–274. For m, see D36↑

D37
ᶜ class (D36↑: ).
Exs. NUT, § 6.
Bib. cf. Gardiner 1994, 454 (the cryptic class substitution
reverses the very common, non-cryptic use of D36 for
dj).
m class (D38↓: ) + consonantal (jmj).
Exs. AOTSB, 20, 7, 8. DAY, 4 (2 ×). NUT, § 140. Semna
statuette, body, 2R (= Klotz and Brown 2016, 285). For
additional examples from Nineteenth Dynasty temple
 contexts, see cryptic spellings of M(w).t, cited in Lurson
2017, 227, n. 25; cf. also X8↓
Bib. Gardiner 1994, 454 (D37 for jmj); Fairman 1943, 219,
nr. 130; Kurth 2009, vol. 1, 174, 63, nn. 328–29;
Roberson 2013, 20–21 (b); Klotz and Brown 2016, 273–
274, 301.
t consonantal (dj); phonetic (d ~ t).
Exs. BG, 193, 1 (= Manassa 2006, Text C).
Bib. Fairman 1945, 95f; Manassa 2006, 118 (a)–119.
d/ consonantal (dj) + phonetic (d ~ ḏ) / consonantal
ḏ (archaizing, ḏj, Wb II, 464).
Exs. BG, 197, 1, 2, 5 (= Manassa 2006, Text N: in wḏt.n=f). BE,
377, Text 73, 7. NUT, § 130. Louvre C65, 26, nr. 28.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 39, nr. 46; Manassa 2006, 133 (d), n.
123; also see D40↓, ḏw.

D38
m consonantal (jm, mj).
Exs. AMD, 123, 9. NUT, § x + 35. Djehuty H1, 2, 3; Djehuty
H2, 4, 5, 6, 7 (4 ×). Semna statuette, body, 2L (= Klotz
and Brown 2016, 285). Neferrenpet, 21, nr. 20.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 39, nr. 47; Espinel 2010, 309 (g), 331;
Klotz and Brown 2016, 273–274, 301; also cf. D36↑
n class (D35↑: ).
Exs. Djehuty H1, 2 (?).
Bib. Espinel 2010, 331.
r class (D36↑: ); phonetic (ᶜ ~ r).
Exs. Djehuty H1, 2 (?).
Bib. Espinel 2010, 331.
d consonantal (rdj↑).
Exs. Djehuty H1, 2 (2 ×).
Bib. Espinel 2010, 331.
dj class (D37↑: ).
Exs. Djehuty H2, 4, 8.
Bib. Espinel 2010, 309 (g), 331.

D40
jm class (D36↑: ).
Exs. AMD, 349, 8, 11.
Bib. see D36↑
ᶜ class (D36↑: ).
Exs. AMD, 194, 3, 8. NUT, § x + 5.
Bib. see D41↓
m class (D36↑: ).
Exs. AMD, 119, 3, 5; 7 (2 ×), 8, 9, 10.
Bib. see D36↑
ḏ class (D37↑: ) + consonantal (dj) + phonetic (d ~ ḏ)
/ consonantal (cryptic ḏw↓).
Exs. BG, 197, 3, 4 (= Manassa 2006, Text N).
Bib. Manassa 2006, 133 (d), n. 123.
ḏw shape (N26: ); similarity evident also in hieratic, cf.
 Möller 1927, 9, nr. 105, Louvre 3226, Lederhs.: ,
[D40] vs. ibid., 29, nr. 320, Gurob, Nḏm.t: , [N26];
also cf. D37↑, ḏ(w).
Exs. AMD, 279, 6. BE, 352, Text 41, 10. BSOU, pl. 30, 5 (right).
Bib. Darnell 2004, 260; Manassa 2004, 593; Roberson 2012,
79–80, n. 127.

D41
ᶜ class (D36↑: ); also cf. D210↓, D234↓, and D235↓
Exs. AMD, 194, 1, 2, 5, 11; 372, 2, 3, 4, 7, 10 (2 ×), 11 (2 ×);
713, 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. BC, pl. LXXIV, 8 (2 ×), 9 (= WHb,
276, 4); CXLVI, nr. 3 (1) (= WHb, 374, 1). BSOU, pls. 7B,
3, 4, 7; 11, 28–33 (also cf. t↓); 22A (?).
Bib. Darnell 2004, 126, n. 402; Manassa 2004, 593; Werning
2008, 140; also cf. D210–235↓
n class (D35↑: / cryptic D36↑: ) / logogram (nj
“refuse,” Wb II, 201.4–6)
Exs. BSOU, pl. 6A, 3. Louvre C65, 26, nr. 42.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 43, nr. 97 (understanding the similarly
shaped bird’s leg, H31: ); Darnell 2004, 79, n. 200;
Manassa 2004, 593.
d class (D37↑: ).
Exs. BSOU, pl. 21, 41 (in: mdw=sn).
Bib. Darnell 2004, 185–186 (without comment).
t class (D37↑: ) + phonetic (dj > t).
Exs. BSOU, pls. 11, 28–33 (6 ×; also cf. ᶜ↑).
Bib. Darnell 2004, 126, n. 403; Manassa 2004, 593.
D43
ḫw logogram (Wb III, 244–245).
Exs. Djehuty H2, 4 (2 ×).
Bib. Espinel 2010, 331.

D45
ᶜ class (D36↑: ).
Exs. AOTSB, 101, 2.
Bib. Roberson 2013, 103–04, o; also cf. D210–235↓
Determinative: jmnt.t
shape (N26: ↓) + class (N25: ↓) / synonymy
(ḏsr.t ~ jmnt.t, “necropolis”; Wb V, 616.1–4, and Wb I,
87.7).
Exs. NIGHT, 4, 5 (= Roberson 2020b, § 1, f).

D46
wdj consonantal back-formation (> (w)d(j), “place, put”) //
cf. also non-cryptic spellings in Wb I, 384–385.
Exs. Djehuty H2, 1.
Bib. Espinel 2010, 331.
t phonetic (d ~ t) / hieratic (V13: / X1: ); cf. Möller
1927, 8, nr. 91, Ennene (et al.), 10, nr. 115: [D46]
vs. ibid., 47, nr. 528: [V13] / and ibid., 52, nr. 575:
[X1].
Exs. AMD, 435, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11; 442, 3, 5, 6, 11, 12.
 BC, pl. LXXIX, nr. 29 (2, 4) (= WHb, 274, 2: reading d);
CXLVII, nr. 8 (1, 2, 3) (= WHb, 386, 2: reading d).
Bib. Fairman 1945, 78; also cf. Werning 2004, 188–89
(reading d); and Werning 2008, 140 (reading d).
dj class / part for whole (D37↑: ).
Exs. Djehuty H2, 1 (?). Semna Statuette, front, 2 (= Klotz
and Brown 2016, 278).
Bib. Espinel 2010, 331; Klotz and Brown 2016, 301 (ḏj).
ḏ phonetic (d ~ ḏ).
Exs. Djehuty H2, 5. Khaemhat, 6, nr. 96. Louvre C65, 26, nr.
42. Semna Statuette.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 39, nr. 49; Espinel 2010, 331.

D49
m logogram + consonantal (ɜmm, Wb I, 10–11).
Exs. Djehuty H1, 1, 5; Djehuty H2, 2, 5. Khaemhat, 4, nr. 6; 5,
nr. 36; 7, nr. 111. Neferrenpet, 21, nr. 30. Louvre C65,
26, nrs. 8, 17; 28, nr. 530, nr. 48.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 40, nr. 50 (acrophony, sic.); Espinel
2010, 331.
ḏ class (D46↑: ) + phonetic (d ~ ḏ).
Exs. Djehuty H2, 1 (2 ×).
Bib. Espinel 2010, 315 (a, f: “from ḏr.t, ‘hand’”).

D51 + D51
ṯn see T14↓ + T14
D52
mt logogram (Wb II, 167–168).
Exs. BC, pl. LXVII, 4, 6 (= WHb, 258, 3); LXVIII, 4, 5 (= WHb,
262, 4); CXXVII, 8 (= WHb, 398, 20). BSOU, pl. 34A, 10.
Bib. Werning 2008, 140.
t logogram (ṯɜy, Wb V, 344–345) + consonantal +
phonetic (ṯ ~ t).
Exs. Djehuty H2, 5. Khaemhat, 8, nr. 146 (read: tɜ).
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 40, nr. 51; Espinel 2010, 331.
ṯ logogram (ṯɜy, Wb V, 344–345) + consonantal.
Exs. RII, Luxor unnumbered.
Bib. Boraik 2008, 134.

D53
variant D52↑

D54
ᶜp logogram (Wb I, 179.7–15).
Exs. AMD, 435, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11.
Bib. Werning 2008, 140.
ᶜq logogram (Wb I, 230–31).
Exs. AMD, 110, 3, 5, 7; 435, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10, 11.
Bib. Werning 2008, 140,
nᶜ logogram (Wb II, 206.7–21).
Exs. AMD, 374, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 12.
Bib. Werning 2008, 140.
šm synecdoche (part for whole, N40: ).
Exs. AMD 355, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9 (2 ×), 11; 357, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9,
11, 12; 378, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 12.
Bib. Werning 2008, 140,
q shape (N29↓: ); consonantal (ᶜq↑).
Exs. BSOU, pl. 5A, 2.
Bib. Darnell 2004, 56, n. 99; Manassa 2004, 593.

D55
ᶜnn logogram (Wb I, 188–89).
Exs. BC, pl. LXXVIII, nr. 22 (= WHb, 254, 3). Djehuty H2, 8.
Bib. Werning 2008, 140; Espinel 2010, 331.

D58
kbn / kpn
class (human/animal feet, F118a: ).
Exs. DAY, 293, 3.
Bib. Müller-Roth 2008, 294 (2d), 455.
Determinative: sšm class/part for whole (D54↑: ).
Exs. DAY, 209, 1.
Bib. Müller-Roth 2006, 455.
D60
wp // in wpš: consonantal + phonetic (wᶜb).
Exs. DAY, 282, 8. Note: cryptic value unnecessary. Read
in context as wᶜb (thus, also W54↓); also see
comments for O42↓
Bib. Drioton 1942, 98, No 124A (reading w, by acrophony <
wᶜb); Müller-Roth 2008, 288 (10b), 456 (acrophony).

D138
rs class (D4: ) + logogram (Wb II, 449.8 ff.).
Exs. Semna Statuette, body, 1R, 1L (= Klotz and Brown
2016, 285).
Bib. Klotz and Brown 2016, 285 (n), 302.

D140
mɜɜ direct (“seeing”); cf. D12 + D12↑ and H16 + H16↓
Exs. Djehuty H1, 1; Djehuty H2, 7.
Bib. Fairman 1945, 98; Morenz 2008, 170–71; Espinel 2010,
308 (c), 330.

D153
r class (D21: ).
Exs. KRI II, 613, 1 (damaged). Khaemhat, 7, nr. 114.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 39, nr. 42; also see D21↑.
D200
jnk class (D32: ) + logogram (Wb I, 100.22) + phonetic
(jnq ~ jnk).
Exs. Djehuty H2, 4.
Bib. Espinel 2010, 331.

D210
ᶜ class (D36: ) / variant, cryptic D41↑: , ᶜ.
Exs. AOTSB, 97, 1 (2 ×, for dual ᶜ.wj)
Bib. Roberson 2013, 100 (i).
b class / shape (D58: ).
Exs. BC: MLEU, pl. 288A, 6 (= WHb, 236, 18).
Bib. Werning 2008, 139.

D234
ᶜ class (D36: ) / variant, cryptic D41↑: , ᶜ.
Exs. AOTSB, 97, 3; 101, 3; 110, 1 (2 ×, for dual ᶜ.wj).
Bib. Werning 2008, 139–140; Roberson 2013, 100 (i), 104
(p).
dj class / synecdoche (part for whole, D37↑: ).
Exs. AOTSB, 65, 4.
Bib. Roberson 2013, 68 (e).
Determinative: nḥm
class (D40↑: ).
Exs. AOTSB, 65, 2.
Bib. Roberson 2013, 69 (f)

D234 + D12
dj see D12+D234↑

D234 + W10
bɜ ? object (W10↓: ).
Exs. AOTSB, 101, 3.
Bib. Roberson 2013, 104 (p); also see W10↓

D234.1
variant D234↑

D235
ᶜ class (D36↑: ) / variant, cryptic D41↑: , ᶜ.
Exs. AOTSB, 97, 2 (2 ×, for dual ᶜ.wj).
Bib. Werning 2008, 139–140; Roberson 2013, 100 (i).
n class / synecdoche (part for whole, D35↑: ).
Exs. DAY, 142, 8.
Bib. Müller-Roth 2008, 147 (7g), 456 (212a).

D280a
k logogram + consonantal (kɜ.t, Wb V, 93.12–14)
Exs. MMA Palette, 17, nr. 59.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 40, nr. 53.
E Mammals

E1
nb.t metonymy (sacred animal of a bovine goddess, as
“mistress; lady”).
Exs. Abydos 1, 2 (= Lurson 2017, 227; cf. dn↓); // Nefertari
(paired with M15↓ + 137, writing nb.t tɜ.wy; also cf.
ḥnw.t↓)
Bib. Lurson 2017, 228–229 (g).
šfy class (E10↓: ) + whole for part (F7↓: ).
Exs. DAY, 293, 2 (2 ×).
Bib. Müller-Roth 2008, 294 (1b–c), 456.
kɜ logogram (Wb V, 94–96).
Exs. AOTSB, 97, 1, 2, 3; 110, 2.
Bib. Roberson 2013, 99 (f).
ḥnw.t synonymy ~ nb.t↑
Exs. Nefertari (paired with M15↓ + 137, writing ḥnw.t šmᶜ
mḥw; also cf. nb.t↑).
Bib. Taterka 2015, 79 (epithet of Hathor, no citation).
tnt logogram + phonetic + consonantal (ṯnw.t, Wb V,
379.16).
Exs. Louvre C65, 30, nr. 62.
Bib. Drioton 1933, 40, nr. 55; also cf. dn↓
dn logogram + phonetic + consonantal (ṯwn, Wb V, 359–
11–12).
Exs. Abydos 1, 2 (= Klotz 2012b, 24; cf. nb.t↑).
Bib. Klotz 2012b, 24–25 (h).

E2
sm logogram + consonantal (smɜ, Wb IV, 124).
Exs. Khaemhat, 7, nr. 105.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 40.
k logogram + consonantal (kɜ, Wb V, 94).
Exs. Djehuty H1, 2.
Bib. Fairman 1945, 62 (i), 78; Espinel 2010, 209 (k), 331.

E3 + N24 + R56
km-wr class (bovines on nome standard, E199: ).
Exs. Djehuty H2, 6.
Bib. Espinel 2010, 332.

E9
jw logogram (Wb I, 47.12).
Exs. AOTSB, 97, 1, 2, 3.
Bib. Roberson 2013, 98 (d).

[E9.1?]
 variant E9↑

E10
šfy whole for part (F7↓: ).
Exs. DAY, 293, 1 (2 ×).
Bib. Müller-Roth 2008, 294 (1b–c), 456.

E10 + R7
b consonantal (bɜ)
Exs. Louvre C65, 26, nr. 20.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 40, nr. 56 (acrophony, sic.).

E12
r consonantal (rrj, Wb II, 438.7)
Exs. Louvre C65, 29, nr. 14.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 40, nr. 57.
š consonantal (šɜj, Wb IV, 405.7–9).
Exs. NUT, § 139; 142.
Bib. Darnell 2004, 32; Manassa 2004, 594; Klotz 2011a, 482.

E13
f thematic (metonymy, solar cat that kills the enemy
snake < enemy snake ~ I9↓: ; also cf. ḫft↓
Exs. Abydos 1, 1 (= Klotz 2012b, 24, d; cf. m↓). Parennefer
(= Darnell 2004, pl. 1B).
Bib. Darnell 2004, 23; Manassa 2004, 594; Klotz 2012b, 24
(d).
m logogram + consonantal (mjw, mj.t, Wb II, 42.1–7); also
cf. E90↓
Exs. Djehuty H2, 6. Abydos 1, 1 (= Lurson 2017, 227–228, d;
cf. f↑)
Bib. Espinel 2010, 317 (t), 331.
ḫft thematic (metonymy, solar cat that kills the enemy
snake > enemy snake = the “enemy” of Re); also cf. f↑
Exs. Djehuty H2, 4.
Bib. Espinel 2010, 331.
tf direct (Tefnut as a seated feline) + consonantal (tfn.t)
Exs. Louvre C65, 27, nr. 76; 28, nr. 5; 30, nr. 61.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 40, nr. 63.

E15
ḥrj-sštɜ
direct (antonomasia, Anubis = “master of secrets,” see
DuQuesne 1998).
Exs. Khaemhat, 4, nr. 21.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 40, nr. 59.

E17
jɜb thematic (jackal-souls of the west, writing “east” in
allusion to the perpetuum mobile of the solar cycle).
Exs. NUT, § 111, 127. Djehuty H1, 1.
Bib. Darnell 2004, 32, n. 86; Manassa 2004, 594; Espinel
2010, 309 (f), 331; cf. also Wb I, 31.7 (Greco-Roman).
s consonantal (sɜ↓)
Exs. Louvre C65, 26, nr. 57.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 40, nr. 58 (acrophony, sic.)
sɜ consonantal (sɜb↓); possible synecdoche (part for
whole, E17↓ + H8).
Exs. Multiple occurrences cited in Van Walsem 1984, types
a and c.
Bib. Van Walsem 1984 (“acrophony”); for final b as a weak
consonant, see Klotz 2012b, 28–29.
sɜb logogram (Wb III, 420.5–13).
Exs. NIGHT, 153, 1, 2 (= Roberson 2020b, § 1, k).
Bib. Drioton 1942, 107, No 77 (reading sṯɜ↓); Roberson
2017b, nn. 70–73.
sb see E228↓
sš // logogram + consonantal (sštɜ, Wb IV, 298–299).
Exs. Louvre C65, 30, nr. 59.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 40, nr. 58 (acrophony).
sṯɜ see E228↓

E17 + H8
sɜ object (H8↓ with conventional value sɜ); possibly
reinforced by E17↑ ideographic value as sɜ(b).
Exs. TT32 (multiple occurrences). Multiple occurrences in
Van Walsem 1984, types b, d, e, f.
Bib. Van Walsem 1984 (“acrophony” < sɜb); Gardiner 1994,
474 (H8 in “Hieratic contraction” for G39, with the
value sɜ); Fábián 1998–99, 29–30, §I; for final b as a
weak consonant, see Klotz 2012b, 28–29.

E17.1
sɜb variant E17↑

E18.1
sɜb direct (a “jackal” image).
Exs. NIGHT, 154, 1, 2 (= Roberson 2020b, § 2, a); also cf.
wp(.w) wɜ.wt↓
Bib. Roberson 2020b, nn. 79–80.
wp(.w) wɜ.wt
rebus < logogram (Wepwawet, Wb I, 304).
Exs. NIGHT, 154, 1, 2 (see sɜb↑)
Bib. Roberson 2020b, n. 78.

E22 + N5
m ẖrt hrw
logogram, consonantal (m < mɜj, “lion,” Wb II, 11.14–
19) + logogram (hrw, “day,” Wb II, 498–500) + sportive
(m “under” hrw).
Exs. Cairo stela TR 30/10/17/8, 6 (= Selim 2003, 256, r). //
 Possibly also MMA Palette, 24, 75, for which cf. E23↓ +
N5.
Bib. Selim 2003, 256 (r), and n. 14; cf. the similarly
constructed, sportive writing of m-ẖnw (Sethe 1924)
and, from the Ptolemaic Period, mɜ(ᶜ)-ḫrw
(Devauchelle 2008, 109, n. 20).

E23
w phonetic (r ~ w).
Exs. NIGHT, cf. r↓
Bib. Drioton 1942, 93, 107, No 109 (acrophony < rw);
Darnell 2004, 95, n. 270; Manassa 2004, 594.
m logogram + consonantal (mɜj, Wb II, 11.14–19)
Exs. Louvre C65, 29, nr. 38.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 40, nr. 61.
nb see E23↓ + N5.
r consonantal (rw, Wb II, 403).
Exs. BE, 304/2, 1; 307/5, 1, 7. NIGHT, 155, 2 (= Roberson
2017b, § 9, d; also cf. w↑). Khaemhat, 4, nr. 2; 7, nr. 112.
Louvre C5, 29, nr. 38. RII, Luxor unnumbered.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 40, nr. 61 (acrophony, sic.); Fairman
1945, 62 (i), 74; Boraik 2008, 134.

E23 + N5
rᶜ- direct (rᶜ, the “sun” + a royal lion, as “lord,” for which
nb cf. Greco-Roman spellings, e.g. Wb II, 227); //
alternately, see also E22↑ + N5, m ẖrt hrw
Exs. MMA palette, 16, nr. 24; 17, nr. 75.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 40, nr. 62.

E23a
pẖr direct (the lioness, Pekhat) + consonantal + phonetic
(Pḫɜ.t ~ pẖr).
Exs. RII, Luxor unnumbered.
Bib. Boraik 2008, 135; Klotz 2019.

E24
b // logogram (ɜby, Wb I, 7.11–14) + consonantal
Exs. Louvre C65, 29, nr. 33.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 40, nr. 64 (acrophony).

E25
ḫp consonantal + phonetic (ḫɜb, Wb III, 229).
Exs. Khaemhat, 4, nr. 2.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 41, nr. 65.

E31
s // class (E10: , goat for sheep) + logogram +
consonantal (sr / sj, Wb III, 462.7–13)
Exs. Neferrenpet, 21, nr. 21. Louvre C65, 26, nr. 41.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 41, nr. 67 (acrophony).
E32
j thematic (metonymy, baboon = Thoth + antonomasia,
Thoth = j, Wb I, 25.6).
Exs. AOTSB, 56, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (also cf. t↓).
Bib. Fairman 1943, 222–223, nrs. 154 and 156, 256–257;
Roberson 2013, 59–60 (d).
jᶜn / bntj
logogram (Wb I, 41.6–8 / 464.9–12).
Exs. DAY, 128, 6; 211, 1, 2, 3.
Bib. Müller-Roth 2008, 131 (9c), 211 (4b).
k logogram (kjw, Wb V, 110.4) + consonantal
Exs. Louvre C65, 28, nr. 4; 29, nr. 42.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 41, nr. 68.
t thematic (metonymy + antonomasia, baboon = Thoth
= djw, “five,” Wb V, 420.12) + consonantal + phonetic (d
~ t).
Exs. AOTSB, 56, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (also cf. see j↑). NIGHT, 109 (nr.
17), 1, 4, 5, 6.
Bib. Roberson 2013, 59 (d); Fairman 1943, 257–263.

E34.1
ᶜwt class (jumping mammals, E3a: ) + logogram (Wb I,
170.7–16).
Exs. Djehuty H1, 1 (?)
Bib. Espinel 2010, 331.
Determinative: tfj (?)
direct (“jumping”).
Exs. Djehuty H1, 1 (?).
Bib. Espinel 2010, 308 (b.2), 331.

E35
jry antonomasia (seated ape as jry-“warden” in the Book
of the Dead, e.g. spell 125, 126) // epithet and
resulting derivation are questionable; consider
value with caution //
Exs. Louvre C65, 26, nr. 49; 28, nr. 10.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 41, nr. 69, n. 2.
Ḏḥwty direct (Thoth); cf. E51↓
Exs. Many (see references in Bib.).
Bib. Sauneron and Yoyotte 1950.

E36
nsw thematic (Thoth = jn-sj > jn-sw, “he who brings it,” i.e.
the solar eye) + consonantal; also cf. C284.1↑
Exs. KRI II, 607, 9.
Bib. see C284.1↑

E51
Ḏḥwty direct (Thoth); cf. E35↑
Exs. Semna statuette, body, 2R, 2L (= Klotz and Brown
2016, 285).
Bib. Klotz and Brown 2016, 273–274, n. 33, 302.

E54
sš direct (Thoth as “scribe”).
Exs. Semna statuette, pillar right side (= Klotz and Brown
2016, 281).
Bib. Klotz and Brown 2016, 282–293, 302 (zẖɜw).

E82.1
ḥty direct + phonetic (ḥṯ.t, Wb III, 203.16–17) /synecdoche
(whole for part, F80: ).
Exs. MMA palette, 15, nr. 2 (in the name Ḏḥwty).
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 41, nr. 71.

E83
ᶜ (?) Consonantal (ᶜmᶜmw, Wb I, 186.10–11).
Exs. Djehuty H2, 2 (?).
Bib. Espinel 2010, 315–16 (l), 331 (“acrophony,” sic.).

E83.1
nb class (recumbent mammals, E23↑: ).
Exs. AOTSB, 92, 1.
Bib. Roberson 2013, 92–93 (a).
E90
m logogram (mjw, mj.t, Wb II, 42.1–7; alternately, from
mɜj, “lion,” Wb II, 11.14–19) + consonantal; also cf.
E13↑
Exs. RII, Luxor unnumbered. Neferrenpet, 21, nr. 23.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 40, nr. 60 (mɜj); Boraik 2008, 134.

E130
ḥ unknown // onomatopoeia from the faint sounds of
mice?
Exs. AOTSB, 101, 1. Khaemhat, 5, nr. 66. MMA palette, 15,
nr. 3 (= Darnell 2004, pl. 1D), 10, 62.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 41 (acrophony), 15, 17–18, 41; Manassa
2004, 594 (as E263↓); Roberson, 2013, 102 (f), and n.
479.

E134a
s object (sɜ-amulet) + consonantal
Exs. Louvre C65, 26, nr. 2.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 41, nr. 66.

E134.1
wr direct (antonomasia, Tɜ-wr.t = “the great one,” LGG VII,
331–332, New Kingdom) + consonantal (wr.t); also see
C155.1↑
Exs. RII, Luxor unnumbered.
Bib. Boraik 2008, 134.

E151a
nb direct (royal/divine sphinx as “lord”) / class (cryptic
E23↑, recumbent lions)
Exs. Louvre C65, 29, nr. 29.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 46, nr. 133.

E181 + R17a
Wsjr-Ḫntj-jmn.tjw
direct (metonymy, emblems of the god).
Exs. RII, Protocol E.
Bib. Drioton 1936a, 11 (i).

E228
sṯɜ.w wjɜ n Rᶜ
direct (“those who haul the barque of Re”).
Exs. NIGHT, 152, 4, 5 (= Roberson 2020b, § 1, h–i).
Bib. Drioton 1942, 90, 102–103, No 75 (reading sbj.w wjɜ n
Rᶜ); Roberson 2020b, nn. 54–60.

E231
tkm class (C24: / A318: ) + direct (the god tkmy).
Exs. BSOU, pl. 27 (bottom).
Bib. Darnell 2004, 230; Manassa 2004, 594. For the
standing, jackal-headed deity, see Hornung and Abt
2014, 140–141, second guardian.

E263
ᶜ variant E83↑
ḥ variant E130↑
F Parts of Mammals
F3
ɜ.t logogram (Wb I, 1.12–21).
Exs. NIGHT, 154, 4 (= Roberson 2020b, § 7, a).
Bib. Gardiner 1994, 461; Roberson 2020b, n. 156.
jɜ.t // rebus + consonantal back-formation < ɜ.t↑
Exs. Khaemhat, 7, nr. 100.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 41, nr. 74 (reading y, by acrophony)
ḥɜ.t class (F4↓).
Exs. Khaemhat, 4, nr. 29.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 41, nr. 74.

F4
ɜ.t class (F3↑: , heads of mammals).
Exs. DAY, 405, 10.
Bib. Müller-Roth 2008, 408–09, nr. 479.

F7
ḥɜ.t class (F4: , heads of mammals).
Exs. Louvre C65, 29, nr. 21.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 41, nr. 75.
tp class (D1: ).
Exs. BC, pl. LXXIX, nrs. 28 (1, 2, 3) (= WHb, 274, 1), 30 (1, 3)
(= WHb, 274, 3).
Bib. Werning 2008, 132 (6), 140 (reading dp).

F8
tp class / whole for part (F7↑: ).
Exs. BC, pl. LXXIX, nr. 30 (2) (= WHb, 274, 3).
Bib. see F7↑

F12
ɜḫ class (S42↓: ) / synonymy (wsr, “powerful” ~ ɜḫ,
“effective”).
Exs. AMD, 118, 2.
Bib. see S42↓

F13
ᶜb direct (“horns,” Wb I, 173.12–16); synecdoche (whole
for part, F16↓: ).
Exs. BG, 199, 1, 2 (= Manassa 2006, Text I).
Bib. Manassa 2006, 127 (a).
ẖr shape (V102↓: ).
Exs. AMD, 560, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10; 561, 5 (3 ×), 6 (3 ×), 8 (3 ×), 9 (3
×), 10.
Bib. Werning 2008, 150.
F16 + F16
wp class (F13↑: ).
Exs. BE, 188/Tawosret, 1; 189/Ramesses III, 1. MMA Palette,
15, nr. 3 (= Darnell 2004, pl. 1D); 17, nr. 71.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 41, nr. 78; Drioton 1942, 100, No 39;
Darnell 2004, 26 (a); Manassa 2004, 594.

F16 + Z11a
smd.t shape (N13: )
Exs. Abydos 1, 1, 2.
Bib. Klotz 2012b, 24 (e).

F18
ḥ consonantal (ḥw) / adapted from LE group writing

Exs. Khaemhat, 5, nrs. 43, 56. Louvre C65, 26, nr. 24.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 41, nr. 79; Gardiner 1957, 463.

F18 + F18
wnn shape (cursive adaptation from ).
Exs. BSOU, pl. 13A, 2.
Bib. Quack 2005, 28; also cf. Darnell 2004, 141 (reading
with conventional group-writing value, as ḥḥ, for
which see Gardiner 1994, 463).
F20
mr sportive (jmj-r, “one who is in the mouth”) +
consonantal.
Exs. Khaemhat, 6, nr. 94.
Bib. Gardiner 1994, 62, § 79, n. 3.
ḏ shape (I10↓: ).
Exs. AOTSB, 65, 5, 6, 7.
Bib. Roberson 2013, 74 (q).

F21
ᶜ // synonymy (ᶜ.t, part of an animal’s body, Wb I,
160.21–22) + consonantal. Note: derivation probably
unnecessary; see F43↓
Exs. MMA Palette, 17, nr. 62 (see F43↓).
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 41, nr. 81 (acrophony).

F23
ᶜɜ shape (O29: ) // class (limbs, D36: )+
consonantal back-formation > ᶜ(ɜ).
Exs. NIGHT, 155, 2 (= Roberson 2020b, § 9, c).
Bib. Drioton 1942, 100, No 117 (reading ᶜ); Roberson 2017b,
nn. 182–185.

F26
(j)m(j)
 synonymy (ẖnw, “interior” ~ jmj, “who is in”).
Exs. AMD, 382, 3, 5, 7, 11, 12; 394, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 811, 12. BC,
pls. LXII, 1, 2, 3 (= WHb, 236, 17); LXXVI, nr. 6 (1, 2) (=
WHb, 240, 9). BG, 193, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6 (= Manassa 2006,
Text C); 197, 1, 2, 3, 5 (= Manassa 2006, Text L). BSOU,
pls. 5B, 7; 5C, 6. DAY, 128, 8.
Bib. Drioton 1942, 110–11, § 13; Darnell 2004, 64, n. 133;
Manassa 2004, 595; Müller-Roth 2008, 131 (13b);
Werning 2008, 141.
ẖ class / synecdoche (whole for part, F32: ).
Exs. BG, 196, 1, 2, 4 (= Manassa 2006, Text H).
Bib. Manassa 2006, 112, 125 (b).

F27
(j)m synecdoche (part for whole) / class (cryptic F26↑:
).
Exs. BC: MLEU, pl. 288A, 5 (also cf. ideogram↓). BSOU, pl.
18A (right, beneath dome; thus Quack 2005, 29; cf. k↓),
22A (right of scarab, 3).
Bib. Darnell 2004, 64–65, 68–69, 109, n. 342, 193, n. 123;
Manassa 2004, 595; Manassa 2007, vol. 1, 407 (d).
nm logogram (jnm, Wb I, 96.14–20) + consonantal.
Exs. Djehuty H1, 2 (?); also cf. sɜb↓
Bib. Espinel 2010, 332.

sɜb class (F28↓: ) + logogram (Wb IV.17.13–15).

Exs. Djehuty H1, 2 (?); also cf. nm↑
Bib. Espinel 2010, 309 (h), 332.
ẖ.t shape / class (animal parts, F32: ).
Exs. AMD, 356, 9 (3 ×), 11 (3 ×).
Bib. see ẖ.t, F51↓
k part for whole (E1↑: ).
Exs. AMD, 446, 1, 6, 8; 447, 5, 6, 8, 11. AOTSB, 92; 97, 1 (2 ×),
2 (3 ×), 3 (3 ×); 110, 1, 2. BC, pl. III, 7 (2 ×) (= WHb, 6, 11);
LXIX, 1, 2, 3 (2 × each) (= WHb, 264, 1); LXXIII, 3, 4, 5 (2 ×
each) (= WHb, 270, 1). BE, 303/1, x + 3; 305/3, 1; 353/42,
x + 17. BG, 197, 1 (2 ×), 2 (2 ×), 3 (2 ×), 4 (2 ×), 5 (2 ×) (=
Manassa 2006, Text N). BSOU, pls. 10B, 5; 13B, 12; 17A
(3 ×); 18A (right, beneath dome; also cf. (j)m↑); 21, 9 (2
×), 21 (2 ×), 46 (2 ×); 22C, 17, 22; 23, 30; Ramesses VI
and IX passim. MMA Palette, 15, nrs. 1, 5 (= Darnell
2004, pl. 1D); 16, nrs. 17, 32, 37, 42, 50; 17, nrs. 51, 53,
66. Khaemhat, 4, nr. 11; 5, nr. 58; 7, nr. 98. Djehuty H1,
2 (2 ×), 3 (3 ×), 4 (4 ×); Djehuty H2, 1 (2 ×), 2 (6 ×), 3 (3 ×),
4 (4 ×), 5 (4 ×), 6 (3 ×), 7, 8 (5 ×), 9 (4 ×).
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 42, nr. 82 (acrophony); Darnell 2004, 68,
d, and n. 146; Manassa 2004, 595; Manassa 2006, 112;
Werning 2008, 141; Werning 2011, vol. 1, 105, § 9;
Espinel 2010, 332; Roberson 2012, 97 and n. 255;
Roberson 2013, 93, b, n. 436.
Ideogram: [cryptic text]
Exs. BC, pl. LX, 5 (= WHb, 236, 15); LXI, 4 (= WHb, 238, 26);
LXVII, 1, 3 (= WHb, 258, 3); LXVIII, 4, 5 (= WHb, 262, 4);
LXXI, 5, 6 (= WHb, 266, 3); CXXVII, 6, 7 (= WHb, 298, 20).
Also cf. jm↑
Bib. Werning 2008, 133–34; Werning 2011, 475; also cf. jm↑,
with arguments contra Werning in Quack 2015, 301.

F27.1
variant F27↑

F28
variant F27↑

F28.1
variant F27↑

F30
n shape (V23a↓: ).
Exs. BG, 193, 6 (= Manassa 2006, Text C); also see V23a↓
Bib. see V23a↓

F34
p consonantal (jb) + phonetic (b ~ p).
Exs. BG, 193, 4 (= Manassa 2006, Text C).
Bib. Fairman 1945, 63 (iii), 65 (b), 70, 83–85 (e).
n shape (W24: ); also cf. W7↓ and W22↓
Exs. Semna Statuette, body, 2R (= Klotz and Brown 2016,
285)
Bib. Klotz and Brown 2016, 287 (o), n. 131, 302.
t // shape (X2↓: ).
Exs. BG, 198, 2 (= Manassa 2006, Text J).
Determinative: bj.tj
// rebus (bj.t, “honey,” Wb I, 434.6–11) + shape (W22 ,
W32: , or similar)
Exs. Louvre C65, 26, nr. 20.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 42, nr. 84 (reading j/y by acrophony
from jb).

F34 + A26
f(ɜj) see A26↑ + F34.

F35
jb shape (F34 + Z1: ) + class (mammal organs)
Exs. Louvre C65, 30, nr. 50.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 42, nr. 85.

F39a
sḫm shape (M20: , sḫ.t + M21: , sm).
Exs. Djehuty H2, 6 (?).
Bib. Espinel 2010, 317 (s), 332.

F41
šᶜ.t // logogram (Wb IV, 416–417).
Exs. BG, 200 (bottom), 5, 6, 7, 8 (= Manassa 2006, Text P).

F42
ᶜ.t see F42↓ + F43 + F44.

F42 + F43 + F44

ᶜ.wt logogram (Wb I, 160.15–23, cf. OK determinatives).
Exs. Djehuty H2, 2.
Bib. Espinel 2010, 332.

F43
ᶜ // consonantal (ᶜ.t↓).
Exs. MMA palette, 17, nr. 62.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 41 (understanding F21↑: and
reading ᶜ, by acrophony from ᶜnḫ, “ear”).
ᶜ.t see F42↑ + F43 + F44.

F44
ᶜ.t see F42↑ + F43 + F44.
m class (F51↓: ).
Exs. BSOU, pls. 21, 37; 22B, 4; 24, 12.
Bib. Darnell 2004, 196–97, 214; Manassa 2004, 595.

k class (F51↓: ).
Exs. BSOU, pl. 22B, 4.
Bib. Darnell 2004, 196–97; Manassa 2004, 595.

F46
pr shape (I24↓: ).
Exs. AOTSB, 65, 6.
Bib. Roberson 2013, 70–71 (i), n. 341.
Determinative: wɜj.w
shape (V1↓: ).
Exs. DAY, 282, 9.
Bib. Müller-Roth 2008, 456.

F51
j // phonetic (ᶜ↓)
Exs. Louvre C65, 27, nr. 70; 28, nrs. 4, 6.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 42, nr. 86 (acrophony).
jwf logogram (Wb I, 51.14–17).
Exs. AMD, 424, 1 (3 ×), 2 (3 ×), 3 (3 ×), 4, 5 (3 ×); 442, 1 (3 ×), 2
(3 ×), 3 (3 ×), 5 (3 ×), 6 (3 ×), 11 (3 ×), 12 (3 ×); 445, 1 (3 ×),
2 (3 ×), 3(3 ×), 5 (3 ×), 6 (3 ×), 7 (3 ×), 11 (3 ×), 12 (3 ×);
446, 1, 3, 5, 6, 8, 11; 447, 3, 5, 6, 8, 11; 536, 1 (3 ×), 2 (3
×), 3 (3 ×), 4 (3 ×), 5 (3 ×), 7 (3 ×), 9 (3 ×), 11 (3 ×); 710, 2,
3, 5, 6, 7, 8; 713, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8.
Bib. Werning 2008, 141.
ᶜ logogram + consonantal (ᶜ.t, Wb I, 160.14 ff.).
Exs. Louvre C65, 26, nr. 16.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 42, nr. 86 (acrophony, sic.).
w shape (Z7↓: ).
Exs. DAY, 128, 1, 2; 142, 8 (also cf. f↓); 282, 1, 2.
Bib. Klotz 2012b, 22, n. 11.
f consonantal (jwf ↑).
Exs. DAY, 142, 8 (also cf. w↑). NUT, § 155. MMA palette, 15,
nr. 12. Louvre C65, 29, nrs. 21, 38.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 42, nr. 86; Müller-Roth 2008, 456; also
cf. w↑
m class /synecdoche (part for whole, F26↑: ).
Exs. Aksha (= Rodrigo 1985, 69). Parennefer (= Darnell
2004, pl. 1C) (2 ×). Djehuty H2, 3, 6, 8, 9. KRI II, 215, 8–9;
217, 4–6.
Bib. Rodrigo 1985, 69 (g). Darnell 2004, 26, 68–69, 196–97;
Manassa 2004, 595; Espinel 2010, 332 (derivation
unknown).
ḥ consonantal (ḥᶜ↓).
Exs. Parennefer (= Darnell 2004, pl. 1E) (2 ×). Louvre C65,
26, nr. 16.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 42, nr. 86 (acrophony, sic.); Darnell
2004, 48 and n. 62; Manassa 595.
ḥᶜ logogram (Wb II, 37.5–10).
Exs. BC, pl. LXXVI, nr. 6 (1, 2; 3 × each) (= WHb, 240, 9). KRI
II, 880, 10.
Bib. Satzinger 1985, 32; Werning 2008, 141.
ḥr consonantal back-formation (ḥᶜ, “flesh” > ḥr, “face”) /
 synecdoche (part for whole, D2↑: ).
Exs. BSOU, pl. 34B, 12 (bottom left, 2).
Bib. Darnell 2004, 325; Manassa 2004, 596.
ẖt class / part for whole (F32: ).
Exs. AMD, 356, 1 (2 ×), 2 (3 ×), 3 (3 ×), 5 (3 ×), 6 (3 ×), 7 (3 ×).
Bib. Hornung 1963, 83, nrs. 280–82 (without comment);
Werning 2008, 141.
s shape (H8↓: ).
Exs. AMD, 405, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 11; 435, 10; 470, 4; 479, 1, 3, 4, 9;
536, 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 11; 537, 3, 5, 7, 9; 580, 1, (2 ×), 3 (2 ×), 4
(2 ×), 5 (2 ×), 6 (2 ×), 7 (2 ×), 9, 11 (2 ×); 849, 1, 2, 3, 4.
AOTSB, 56, 1. NIGHT, 109 (nr. 17), 4, 5, 6.
Bib. Roulin 1996, vol. 1, 255, n. 1289; Werning 2008, 131,
141; Roberson 2013, 60 (e).
k class / part for whole (F27↑: ).
Exs. BSOU, pl. 21, 38.
Bib. Darnell 2004, 68–69, 197; Manassa 2004, 596.

F51 + F51 + F51

ḥr consonantal back-formation (ḥᶜ, “flesh” > ḥr, “face”;
cf. D2↑, ḥ).
Exs. Khaemhat, 7, nrs. 99, 101.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 42, nr. 87 (reading ḥ only).

F63
pɜ (?) Unknown.
Exs. BC, pl. LX, 1.
Bib. Werning 2011, 236 (a) (“corrupt”).
ḥt class (mammal heads, F4↑: ) + consonantal (ḥɜ.t)
Exs. BSOU, pls. 28A, 7; 28B, 8.
Bib. Darnell 2004, 227 (e); Manassa 2004, 596.
ḫnt direct (“what is in front”) / class (faces, noses; D19:
).
Exs. AMD, 612, 7, 9. AOTSB, 92; 101, 1. BC, pl. LXXIX, nrs. 28
(1, 2, 3) (2 × each = nisbe) (= WHb, 274, 1), 30 (1, 2, 3) (2
× each = nisbe) (= WHb, 274, 3). BE, 304/2, 3. BC, pl. 13,
4. DAY, 283, 7. NIGHT, 90, 3 (2 ×), 4; 155, 2 (= Roberson
2020b, § 9, a).
Bib. Werning 2008, 141; Roberson 2012, 97, n. 256;
Roberson 2020b, n. 169; also cf. D19↑
ḫft direct (“what is in front, before”).
Exs. BC, pl. CXLVII, nr. 12 (= WHb, 390, 2). BSOU, pl. 33.
Bib. Darnell 2004, 300–01; Manassa 2004, 596; Roberson
2012, 97, n. 256; also cf. D19↑
sḫr class (face/nose, D19↑: ) + Hieratic (Ff4: , sḫj, “be
deaf,” see references in Bib.) + phonetic (sḫj/y ~ sḫr) //
synecdoche (whole for part, calf’s head for ear: Ff4,
sḫj).
Exs. BSOU, pl. 21, 1.
Bib. Darnell 2004, 177, n. 60; Manassa 2004, 596.
sḏm synecdoche (whole for part, F21: ).
Exs. BSOU, pl. 25, 44.
Bib. Darnell 2004, 218; Manassa 2004, 596.
tp direct (“head”) / class (D1: ).
Exs. AOTSB, 89, 4.
Bib. Roberson 2013, 90 (d), n. 420.

F63a
fnḏ direct (“nose”); class / logogram (D19↑: , Wb I,
577.10–15).
Exs. AOTSB, 56, 6.
Bib. Roberson 2013, 60 (g).
ḫnt variant F63↑

F78
wsr synecdoche (pars pro toto, anthropomorphic variant)
/ class (F12↑: ); also see C25↑
Exs. KRI II, 186, 9. KRI VI, 16, 1.
Bib. Montet 1950, 26–27; Fischer 1977, 17–18.

F88
rnp unknown // perhaps class + logogram from rnp,
“young steer” (Wb II, 434.20, Greco-Roman; also cf.
rnp, “young horse,” ibid., 434.19, Dyn. 18)?
Exs. Khaemhat, 8, nr. 140.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 41, nr. 76.
F125
ms class (F31: , hides and tails of mammals) + shape
Exs. Louvre C65, 27, nr. 85.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 42, nr. 83.

F127
Jnpw metonymy (fetish of Anubis)
Exs. Khaemhat, 4, 24.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 47, nr. 152.

F158a
ḫm metonymy (divine standard of Letopolis, Ḫm).
Exs. SETY, Gurna 17. RII, Luxor unnumbered (damaged).
KRI II, 614, 6; 346, 9 (partially damaged, but see Kuentz
1971, pl. XXIV, top).
Bib. Drioton 1940, 313–314 (also cf. ibid., 345, for similar
spelling at Hibis 35); Meeks 2008, 77, n. 166; Boraik
2008, 135.

F181
y // sportive (“dual” testicles) + consonantal (wy).
Exs. Khaemhat, 5, nr. 57.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 40 (acrophony).
ẖr.wy logogram (Wb III, 393.5–7).
Exs. Djehuty H2, 7.
Bib. Espinel 2010, 332.
G Birds

G1
ɜḫ class (G25↓: / cryptic G39↓: ).
Exs. BG, 197, 1, 5 (= Manassa 2006, Text N).
Bib. Manassa 2006, 132 (a).
j phonetic (ɜ ~ j).
Exs. AMD, 471, 2 (2 ×). BSOU, pl. 24, 31. Semna statuette,
pillar right side (= Klotz and Brown 2016, 281).
Bib. Darnell 2004, 62, n. 120; Manassa 2004, 596; Klotz and
Brown 2016, 282, nn. 85–89, 301.
ᶜq class (G35: / cryptic G39↓: ).
Exs. BSOU, pl. 30, 2 (right).
Bib. Darnell 2004, 8, 42, n. 23; Manassa 2004, 597.
w class (G43↓: / cryptic G39↓: ).
Exs. BC, pl. LXVII, 1 (3 ×) (= WHb, 258, 2–3); LXXIII, 3, 4 (=
WHb, 270, 1); LXXVIII, nr. 23 (2) (= WHb, 258, 1); CXLVIII,
nr. 20 (= WHb, 400, 5); CXLIX, nr. 24 (RVI) (= WHb, 404,
4). BG, 193, 6 (3 ×) (= Manassa 2006, Text C); 197, 4 (=
Manassa 2006, Text N); 198, 6 (= Manassa 2006, Text J);
200 (bottom), 4 (2 ×), 8 (= Manassa 2006, Text P).
BSOU, pls. 7B, 1; 18A (first dome, B3); 21, 33;
Ramesses VI passim; 33. DAY, 128, 6; 206, 2; 429, 4 (2
×). NIGHT, 152, 5 (= Roberson 2020b, § 1, g); 153, 5, 6
 (= Roberson 2020b, § 5, d–e); 154, 1, 2, 4 (2 ×) (=
Roberson 2020b, § 5, e, and § 8, c).
Bib. Drioton 1942, 110, No 137; Darnell 2004, 8, 42, n. 23;
Manassa 2004, 597; Müller-Roth 2008, 131 (10), 456;
Werning 2008, 142.
bɜ class (G29↓: / cryptic G39↓: ).
Exs. AMD, 123, 8 (2 ×); 373, 12. BG, 200 (bottom), 6, 8
(Manassa 2006, Text P). BSOU, pl. 18A (first dome, B4);
21, 48; 24, 16; 25A, 42 (= 6, middle).
Bib. Darnell 2004, 8, 42, n. 23; Manassa 2004, 597.
m class (G17↓: / cryptic G39↓: ).
Exs. AMD, 438, 5; 450, 4, 6. BC, pl. LXVII, 1 (= WHb, 258, 2);
LXXIII, 3, 5 (= WHb, 270, 1); CXLVI, nr. 6 (1) (= WHb, 380,
5); CXLVIII, nr. 22 (= WHb, 404, 2); CXLIX, nr. 23 (1) (=
WHb, 404, 3); CL, nr. 35 (RVI) (= WHb, 418, 6); CLI, nr. 41
(RVI) (= WHb, 424, 4). BG, 192, 10 (2 ×) (= Manassa
2006, Text C); 197, 2, 4 (2 ×), 5 (2 ×) (= Manassa 2006,
Text N); 198, 6 (= Manassa 2006, Text J); 200 (bottom),
4, 8 (2 ×) (= Manassa 2006, Text P). BSOU, pls. 7B, 1 (2
×); 18A (first dome, T3, T4, B2, T7 [2 ×]); Ramesses VI
passim; 33; 34A, 16. DAY, 200, 1; 209, 1, 2. NIGHT, 154, 4
(= Roberson 2020b, § 7, a).
Bib. Darnell 2004, 8, 42, n. 23; Manassa 2004, 597; Manassa
2006, 112, n. 23; Müller-Roth 2008, 456; Werning 2008,
142.
r class (G38: / cryptic G39↓: ); consonantal (rɜ).
Exs. BG, 200 (bottom), 8 (= Manassa 2006, Text P). BSOU,
pls. 21, 20; 24, 18, 29; 28A, 5. NIGHT, 109, 1, 4, 5, 6.
Bib. Roulin 1996, vol. 1, 255, n. 1291; Darnell 2004, 8, 42, n.
23; Manassa 2004, 597; Manassa 2006, 135 (without
comment).
Ḥrw class (G5↓: / cryptic G39↓: ).
Exs. DAY, 373, 5.
Bib. see generally G39↓
ḥtm class (G38: / cryptic G39↓: ).
Exs. BC, pl. CL, nrs. 32 (RVI) (= WHb, 418, 3), 35 (RVI) (=
WHb, 418, 6). BG, 193, 6 (= Manassa 2006, Text C).
BSOU, pl. 21, 2.
Bib. Darnell 2004, 8, 42, n. 23; Manassa 2004, 597; Manassa
2006, 118 (a)–119.
ḫt class (G38: / cryptic G39↓: ); consonantal (ḫt-
ᶜɜ, Wb III, 342.1).
Exs. BSOU, pl. 23, 40.
Bib. Darnell 2004, 8, 42, n. 23, 137; Manassa 2004, 597.
sɜ class (G39↓: ).
Exs. BG, 195, 1, 6 (= Manassa 2006, Text G). BSOU, pl. 28A,
3.
Bib. Darnell 2004, 8, 42, n. 23; Manassa 2004, 597.
t consonantal (tyw↓).
Exs. BSOU, pl. 21, 5, 21 (2 ×), 22, 31, 33, 45; 24, 18; 30, 4
(left). NIGHT, 154, 1, 2 (= Roberson 2020b, § 6, c).
Bib. Darnell 2004, 8, 42, n. 23; Manassa 2004, 598.
tjw class (G4a↓: / cryptic G39↓: ).
Exs. AMD, 696, 1 (2 ×), 2, 3, 5, 6 (2 ×), 7 (2 ×), 8 (2 ×), 9; BG,
193, 6 (= Manassa 2006, Text C); 200 (top), 2, 3, 4 (=
Manassa 2006, Text O); 200 (bottom), 3, 6, 8 (2 ×) (=
Manassa 2006, Text P). DAY, 126, 3, 4; 282, 1, 2; 377, 1
(2 ×). Parennefer (= Darnell 2004, pl. 1B). NIGHT, 152, 4,
5 (= Roberson 2020b, § 1, b); 155, 2 (= Roberson 2020b,
§ 9, a).
Bib. Darnell 2004, 8, 42, n. 23; Manassa 2004, 598; Müller-
Roth 2008, 377, n. 1407; also see G39↓
Ideogram: [cryptic text]
Exs. BC, pl. CXLVIII, nr. 22 (3 ×) (= WHb, 404, 2; cf. bɜ↑)
Bib. Werning 2008, 133–34; Werning 2011, 475; also cf.
Darnell 2004, 109, n. 342 (as bɜ↑); with additional
suggestions contra Werning in Quack 2015, 301.

G4a
w class (G43↓: / cryptic G39↓: ).
Exs. AMD, 382, 7. BG, 196, 3 (= Manassa 2006, Text F).

G5
nb logogram (Wb II, 227.5–11).
Exs. AOTSB, 105, 1.
Bib. Roberson 2013, 106–07, b.
nṯr direct (“divine” falcon) / synecdoche (part for whole,
G7↓: ).
Exs. AOTSB, 61, 1; 101, 1.
Bib. Roberson 2013, 61, c, n. 308.

G7
nṯr logogram (Wb II, 358).
Exs. AOTSB, 89, 1, 2, 3, 4; 101, 2. BC, pl. LX, 5 (= WHb, 236,
15). Djehuty H2, 8 (?). RII, Protocols D, E. KRI II, 607, 9.
Bib. Espinel 2010, 318 (ac), 332; Roberson 2013, 61 (c), n.
308.

G7.1
kɜ (?) direct (royal ka).
Exs. Djehuty H2, 2 (?), 6.
Bib. Espinel 2010, 316 (l), 317 (s), 332.

G7c
nṯr variant G7↑

G7d
nṯr variant G7↑

G11
nṯr class (cryptic G5↑: ).
Exs. KRI II, 880, 10.
Bib. Satzinger 1985, 32.

G14
m consonantal (mw.t, Wb II, 54); also cf. G179↓
Exs. AOTSB, 112, 1 (= SETY, Protocol F). NUT, § 139; 142.
SETY, Gurna 8. RII, Luxor unnumbered. Abydos 1, 1; 2
(= Lurson 2017, 227; cf. n↓).
Bib. Drioton 1940, 311; Étienne-Fart 1994, 137; Darnell
2004, 32; Manassa 2004, 598; Roberson 2013, 116 (k),
n. 546; Taterka 2015, 77 (“acronym”).
n consonantal (nr↓).
Exs. Abydos 1, 2 (= Klotz 2012b, 24; cf. m↑).
Bib. Klotz 2012b, 25 (h).
nr consonantal / logogram (nr.t, Wb II, 277.1–3; nrj, Wb II,
277.4–8).
Exs. Djehuty H1, 2.
Bib. Espinel 2010, 332 (“direct representation”).

G15
ḏ.t logogram + consonantal (ḏtɜ.t, Wb V, 618.8)
Exs. Neferrenpet, 21, nr. 16.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 42, nr. 88, n. 4.

G17
ɜ class (G1↑: / cryptic G39↓: ).
Exs. BSOU, pl. 33. DAY, 210, 3.
Bib. Darnell 2004, 8, 42, n. 23; Manassa 2004, 598; Müller-
Roth 2008, 456.
jm consonantal back-formation (m > jm).
Exs. NUT, § 56.
Bib. Klotz 2011a, 487.
n phonetic (m ~ n).
Exs. BSOU, pls. 21, 10; 28A, 6.
Bib. Darnell 2004, 59–60 and n. 110; Manassa 2004, 598.
t consonantal (tjw / tyw↓).
Exs. BC, pl. LXXVIII, nr. 19 (2) (= WHb, 248, 6).
Bib. see generally tjw / tyw↓
tjw class (G4a↑: / cryptic G39↓: ).
Exs. BC, pl. CL, nr. 30 (O) (= WHb, 418, 1). BSOU, pl. 23, 63.
Bib. Darnell 2004, 8, 42, n. 23; Manassa 2004, 598.

G17a
tp cryptic G39↓: // Note: derivation questionable,
cryptic value tp unattested for G39 (!)
Exs. BC, pl. LX, 7 (= WHb, 236, 15).
Bib. Werning 2011, 236, nrs. 15–15*.

G25
ᶜq
 class (G35: / cryptic G39↓: ).
Exs. Louvre C65, 26, nr. 39 (ᶜq=f); also note ibid., nr. 47,
reading as non-cryptic ɜḫ, “effective one” (contra
Drioton: ᶜɜ).
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 42, nr. 89 (reading ᶜ only, by
acrophony).
w class (G43↓: / cryptic G39↓: ).
Exs. AMD, 565, 7; 686, 2 (“sic”).
Bib. see generally G39↓

G28
ɜ class (G1↑: / cryptic G39↓: ).
Exs. BG, 195, 1 (= Manassa 2006, Text G).
bɜ class (G29↓: / cryptic G39↓: ).
Exs. DAY, 439, 7.
Bib. Müller-Roth 2008, 457; also see generally G39↓

G29
w class (G43↓: / cryptic G39↓: ).
Exs. AMD, 558, 6.
Bib. see generally G39↓
ḏsr class (G27: / cryptic G39↓: ).
Exs. DAY, 142, 5.
Bib. Müller-Roth 2008, 457; also see generally G39↓

G29a
ɜḫ class (G25↑: / cryptic G39↓: ).
Exs. DAY, 283, 7.
Bib. Müller-Roth 2008, 289 (23); also see generally G39↓
w class (G43↓: / cryptic G39↓: ).
Exs. AMD, 382, 2.
Bib. see generally G39↓
m class (G17↑: / cryptic G39↓: ).
Exs. BG, 200 (bottom), 2 (= Manassa 2006, Text P).
Bib. see generally G39↓

G30a
pɜ phonetic + consonantal (bɜ.w)
Exs. Louvre C65, 26, nr. 34 (name: Pɜ-sr).
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 42, nr. 90 (reading p, consonantal from
pɜy, “bird”).

G31
m synecdoche (whole for part, H2: ) + consonantal
(mɜᶜ) / alternately, class (G17: )
Exs. Abydos 1, 2 (= Lurson 2017, 227; cf. t↓)
Bib. Lurson 2017, 229–230 (j); Morenz 2008, 219.
t consonantal (tɜ↓).
Exs. Abydos 1, 2 (= Klotz 2012b, 24; cf. m↑). RII, Luxor
unnumbered (in: ḫft-ḥr).
Bib. Boraik 2008, 134; Klotz 2012b, 25 (h).
tɜ logogram (Wb V, 212.6, Late Period and Greco-
Roman).
Exs. AOTSB, 112, 1 (= SETY, Protocol F). BSOU, pl. 40 (2 ×,
dual). Parennefer (= Darnell 2004, pl. 1C; 2 × = dual).
Bib. Étienne-Fart 1994, 137–38; Darnell 2004, 26; Manassa
2004, 598; Roberson 2013, 116 (reading ɜ); Klotz 2014,
51; Taterka 2015, 77 (“unknown reasons”).

G36
w class (G43↓: / cryptic G39↓: ).
Exs. BG, 196, 1 (= Manassa 2006, Text F); 197, 1 (= Manassa
2006, Text L).
Bib. see generally G39↓
bɜḥ // shape (D53: )?
Exs. BG, 200 (bottom), 3 (= Manassa 2006, Text P).
Ḥrw class (G5↑: ) // direct (antonomasia, Horus = wr,
the “Elder,” Wb III, 123.5).
Exs. AMD, 399, 11; 696, 9; 709, 7, 8.
Bib. see generally G39↓
sɜ class (G39↓: ).
Exs. BG, 195, 1 (= Manassa 2006, Text G).
Bib. see generally G39↓
tjw class (G4a↑: / cryptic G39↓: ).
Exs. BG, 196, 1, 2 (= Manassa 2006, Text F); 200 (bottom), 1,
5 (= Manassa 2006, Text P).
Bib. Manassa 2006, 123, n. 97; also see generally G39↓

G39
ɜ class (G1↑: / “birds” generally).
Exs. AMD, 348, 10, 11 (2 ×); 377, 7; 433, 10; 434, 10 (2 ×), 11;
437; 446, 6, 11 (4 ×), 12 (3 ×); 447, 6, 11 (3 ×). BC, pl. LX,
5 (2 ×), 8 (2 ×) (= WHb, 236, 15); LXII, 1 (= WHb, 236, 18);
LXIII, 1 (= WHb, 238, 27); LXVII, 3 (= WHb, 258, 3); LXVIII,
4 (= WHb, 262, 4); LXIX, 1, 3 (2 ×) (= WHb, 264, 1); LXX, 3
(= WHb, 2); LXXIII, 3 (2 ×), 4 (2 ×) (= WHb, 270, 1); LXXVII,
nr. 16 (1, 2) (= WHb, 248, 3); CXLVI, nr. 3 (1, 2) (= WHb,
374, 1); CXLVIII, nr. 22 (1, 2) (= WHb, 1); CL, nr. 36 (RVI,
P) (= WHb, 418, 7); CLI, nr. 45 (RVI, P) (2 × each) (= WHb,
432, 1). BSOU, pls. 5B, 10, 17; 7A, 1, 8; 7B, 1 (2 ×), 4, 7; 8,
8; and passim. DAY, 281, 2 (2 ×).
Bib. Drioton 1942, 110, No 119; Darnell 2004, 8, 42, n. 23;
Manassa 2004, 598–600; Müller-Roth 2008, 457;
Werning 2008, 142; Roberson 2012, 97 and n. 257
ɜḫ class (G25↑: ).
Exs. BG, 197, 2 (= Manassa 2006, Text N).
Bib. see generally ɜ↑
jw class (G38: ) + phonetic (rɜ ~ jw).
Exs. BSOU, pl. 8, 6.
Bib. see generally ɜ↑
ᶜq class (G35: ).
Exs. BSOU, pl. 9, 3. NIGHT, 86, 2. Louvre C65, 29, nr. 22
(ᶜq=f, contra Drioton, reading ᶜ + q only)
Bib. see generally ɜ↑
w class (G43↓: ).
Exs. AMD, 348, 11 (2 ×); 349, 11; 359, 8, 12; 363, 12; 382, 12;
448, 11; 536, 7, 11; 537, 7; 558, 10; 565, 11; 632, 7, 10;
656, 8; 686, 9; 689, 8; 709, 7, 8; 716, 7, 8; and passim.
BC, pl. LX, 5, 8 (= WHb, 236, 15); LXI, 5 (= WHb, 238);
LXVII, 3 (2 ×) (= WHb, 258, 3); LXVIII, 4 (= WHb, 262, 4);
LXIX, 1 (2 ×), 3 (2 ×) (= WHb, 264, 1); LXXIII, 3, 4 (= WHb,
270, 1); LXXVII, nr. 12 (2) (= WHb, 246, 3); LXXVIII, nr. 17
(1) (= WHb, 248, 5); LXXIX, nr. 33 (1) (= WHb, 276, 2);
CXLVIII, nrs. 17 (1) (= WHb, 396, 6), 18 (1, 2) (= WHb,
396, 7), 22 (= WHb, 404, 2); CXLIX, nrs. 24 (P) (= WHb,
404, 4), 28 (= WHb, 414, 3); CL, nrs. 36 (RVI) (= WHb,
418, 7), 37 (2 ×) (= WHb, 418, 8); CLI, nr. 45 (RVI, P) (=
WHb, 432, 1). BG, 192, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11 (= Manassa 2006,
Text B); 193, 2 (3 ×); 195, 2 (= Manassa 2006, Text D);
196, 2 (2 ×) (= Manassa 2006, Text F); 197, 1, 2 (3 ×), 4
(= Manassa 2006, Text N); 198, 1 (= Manassa 2006, Text
J); 200 (bottom), 2 (2 ×), 6 (= Manassa 2006, Text P).
BSOU, pls. 5B, 9, 13, 20; 5C, 7, 8, 10; 7A, 1, 7; 7B, 6;
Tutankhamun passim. DAY, 142, 1, 2; 156, 4; 239, 1.
NIGHT, 152, 4 (= Roberson 2020b, § 1, g). MMA Palette,
16, nr. 32.
Bib. see generally ɜ↑
b class (G29↑: ) + consonantal (bɜ).
Exs. BSOU, pl. 12, 20 (?)
Bib. see generally ɜ↑
bɜ class (G29↑: )
Exs. AMD, 118, 7 (2 ×), 9; 123, 7; 133, 7 (= Régen 2015a, 49–
50); 373, 7; 590, 7; 592, 3, 7; 593, 3, 7; 630, 1, 3, 7, 10;
631, 7; 635, 5. BC: see G.64↓; also cf. ideogram↓. BE,
281, 2 (right); 313/8, a, b. NIGHT (RLdN2), 37 (nr. 6), 5.
BG, 200 (bottom), 7 (= Manassa 2006, Text P). BSOU,
pls. 5C, 22; 7A, 1, 5; 7B, 1; 8, 1; 9A, 9, 18; Tutankhamun
passim. DAY, 283, 7; 439, 7.
Bib. see generally ɜ↑
p class (G40↓: ) + consonantal (pɜ).
Exs. BC, pl. LXXIV, 8 (= Darnell 2004, pl. 43A, right); also see
G39.1↓, p.
Bib. see G39↑ Darnell 2004, 94–95 (b), and n. 269.
m class (G17↑: ).
Exs. AMD, 349, 6 (3 ×), 11 (2 ×); 435, 10 (3 ×), 11 (3 ×); 438, 5
(2 ×), 10 (2 ×); 626, 7, 10. BC, pl. LXII, 1 (2 ×), 3 (2 ×) (=
WHb, 236, 16, 18); LXVII, 3 (2 ×) (= WHb, 258, 2–3);
LXVIII, 4 (= WHb, 262, 3); LXIX,. 1, 3 (= WHb, 264, 1); LXX,
1, 3 (= WHb, 264, 2); LXXIII, 3 (2 ×), 4 (2 ×) (= WHb, 270,
1); LXXIV, 8 (= WHb, 276, 4); LXXVI, nrs. 5 (1, 2) (= WHb,
240, 7), 7 (1) (= WHb, 244, 1); LXXVII, nr. 15 (1) (= WHb,
248, 2); LXVIII, nrs. 17 (2, 3) (= WHb, 248, 4), 19 (1, 2) (=
 WHb, 248, 6); CXXVII, 6, 7 (= WHb, 398, 20); CXLIX, nrs.
23 (2) (= WHb, 404, 3), 25 (P) (?) (= WHb, 410, 1), 27 (=
WHb, 414, 2); CL, nr. 35 (P) (= WHb, 418, 6); CLI, nrs. 41
(P) (= WHb, 424, 4), 42 (P) (= WHb, 424, 5). BE, 313/8, b.
BG, 192, 7 (2 ×), 8 (= Manassa 2006, Text B); 194, 1 (2 ×),
2 (3 ×) (= Manassa 2006, Text C); 195, 1, 2 (= Manassa
2006, Text G); 197, 2 (= Manassa 2006, Text N); 198, 1
(2 ×), 2 (2 ×) (= Manassa 2006, Text J); 200 (bottom), 6
(2 ×) (= Manassa 2006, Text P). BSOU, pls. 4B (2 ×); 5B,
3, 5, 15; Tutankhamun passim; 30, 1 (right). DAY, 283, 5.
MMA Palette, 16, nr. 31.
Bib. see generally ɜ↑
mwt class (G14↑: ).
Exs. BG, 198, 1, 2, 5 (= Manassa 2006, Text J).
Bib. see generally ɜ↑
n class (G17↑: ) + phonetic (m ~ n).
Exs. BSOU, pls. 5B, 17; 5C, 22 (2 ×); 10A, 2; 22C, 18.
Bib. see generally ɜ↑
nḥ // class (G21: ).
Exs. Khaemhat, 4, nr. 16; 8, nrs. 134, 138 (in : nḥ(ḥ),
“eternity”).
Bib. see generally ɜ↑. Drioton 1933a, 38, 42 (understanding
determinative D12↑ as n + = ḥ, by acrophony from
ḥtm).
r consonantal (rɜ).
Exs. BC, pl. LXXIII, 3, 4 (= WHb, 270, 1). BG, 192, 2, 3, 5 (=
 Manassa 2006, Text A); 200 (bottom), 6. Khaemhat, 5,
nr. 60. Louvre C65, 27, nr. 80.
Bib. Wb, II, 393.1–5; Drioton 1933a, 42, nr 91; Fairman 1945,
74.
ḥtm class (G38: ).
Exs. AMD, 631, 7; 660, 3, 4; 792, 7. BC, pls. LXVII, 3 (= WHb,
258, 2: reading w); LXXIV, 8, 9 (= WHb, 276, 4: reading
w); CL, nrs. 32 (P) (= WHb, 418, 3), 35 (P) (= WHb, 418,
6); CLI, nr. 1 (= WHb, 418, 9). BG, 193, 1, 2 (= Manassa
2006, Text C); 194, 2 (= Manassa 2006, Text C).
Bib. Darnell 2004,94– 95a; Manassa 2006, 118a–19, 120 (d);
Werning 2008, 143; also see generally ɜ↑
ḫt class (G38: ) + consonantal (ḫt-ᶜɜ, Wb III, 342.1).
Exs. BSOU, pl. 12, 17.
Bib. see generally ɜ↑
s consonantal (sɜ).
Exs. BG, 193, 5 (= Manassa 2006, Text C). BSOU, pl. 8, 18.
DAY, 281, 2. NUT, § 116; 135 (in sbɜ.w, “stars”; Von
Lieven 2007, 89, 93, preferred prj, “hervorgehen”,
based on PC1, but this value is not otherwise
attested). Khaemhat, 5, nr. 65; 7, nr. 102. Neferrenpet,
21, nr. 30. Louvre C65, 26, nr. 38.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 42, nr. 91; Drioton 1942, 99
(acrophony); Fairman 1945, 77; Vikentiev 1943, 117;
and see generally ɜ↑
skr (zkr)
 class (G5↑: ); part for whole (G10: ).
Exs. AMD, 434, 10.
Bib. see generally ɜ↑
Gb class (G38: ).
Exs. AMD, 3 (2 ×), 4 (2 ×), 7 (2 ×), 9.
Bib. see generally ɜ↑
t consonantal (tjw / tyw↓).
Exs. BC, pl. LXXIV, 8, 9 (= WHb, 276, 4: reading w). BG, 194, 2
(= Manassa 2006, Text C). BSOU, pl. 9B, 6
Bib. see generally ɜ↑
tjw class (G4a↑: ).
Exs. AMD, 659, 8, 9. BC, pl. CL, nr. 36 (RVI, P) (= WHb, 418,
7). BG, 193, 2 (= Manassa 2006, Text C); 195, 1, 2 (2 ×)
(= Manassa 2006, Text G); 196, 3 (= Manassa 2006, Text
F).
Bib. see generally ɜ↑
Ideogram: [cryptic text]
Exs. BC, pl. LX, 5 (3 ×) (= WHb, 236, 15); LXI, 5 (3 ×) (= WHb,
238, 26); LXVII, 1 (2 ×), 3 (3 ×) (= WHb, 258, 3); LXVIII, 4
(3 ×) (= WHb, 262, 4); LXXI, 5 (3 ×), 6 (2 ×) (= WHb, 266,
3); CXXVII, 6, 7 (3 × each) (= WHb, 398, 20). Also cf. bɜ↑
and G64, bɜ↓
Bib. Werning 2008, 133–34; Werning 2011, 475. Also cf. bɜ↑
and G64, bɜ↓, with additional suggestions contra in
Quack 2015, 301.
? unknown.
Exs. BC, pl. CXLVIII, nr. 18 (1, 2) (= WHb, 396, 7).
Bib. see generally ɜ↑

G39.1
ɜ standardized hieratic variant G39↑: ; cf. Möller
1927, 19, nr. 216.
Exs. AMD, 348, 1, 2 (2 ×), 3 (2 ×), 4 (2 ×), 5, 8, 9 (2 ×); 377, 2, 3,
4, 5, 9, 11; 424, 1, 2, 3, 5; 433, 1, 3, 4, 7; 434, 1 (2 ×), 2 (2
×), 3 (2 ×), 4 (2 ×), 7 (2 ×); 437, 2, 3, 4, 7; 446, 1 (3 ×), 3 (5
×), 5 (3 ×), 8; 447, (2 ×), 3 (4 ×), 5 (4 ×), 8 (2 ×). BC, pl. LX,
2 (2 ×) (= WHb, 236, 11), 7 (2 ×) (= WHb, 236, 15); LXI, 4
(= WHb, 238, 26); LXVIII, 5 (= WHb, 262, 4); LXIX, 2 (=
WHb, 264, 1); LXXIII, 5 (= WHb, 270, 1); LXXVII, nr. 16 (3)
(= WHb, 248, 3); CXLVI, nr. 3 (3) (= WHb, 374, 1); CXLVIII,
nr. 20 (1) (= WHb, 400, 5). BE, 303/1, x + 4; 304/2, 15;
305/3, 1, 2; 306/4, x + 4; 307/5, 2, 7. BSOU, pls. 33; 34A,
7 (2 ×), 24; 34B, 1, 4; 37A, 4 (2 ×).
Bib. see G39↑
ɜḫ Hieratic variant G39↑: .
Exs. BG, 197, 3 (= Manassa 2006, Text N).
Bib. see G39↑
w Hieratic variant G39↑: .
Exs. AMD, 348, 2 (2 ×), 3 (2 ×), 4 (2 ×), 5, 7, 8, 9, 10; 349, 2, 3,
4, 5, 8, 10; 358, 2, 3, 5, 9, 11; 359, 2, 3, 4, 5; 363, 2, 3 (2 ×),
4, 5, 9, 11; 382, 3, 5; 432, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8; 448, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
 8; 536, 1, 3, 4, 5, 9; 537, 2, 3, 5, 6, 9; 539, 2 (2 ×), 5 (2 ×), 9
(2 ×); 558, 2, 3, 5, 8; 565, 2, 3, 5, 6, 9; 632, 3, 4, 5, 8; 656,
1, 2, 3, 4, 5; 686, 1, 3, 5, 8; 689, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5; 709, 2, 3, 5;
716, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6; and passim. BC, pl. LX, 7 (= WHb, 236,
15); LXI, 4 (= WHb, 238, 26); LXVII, 2 (2 ×) (= WHb, 258,
2); LXVIII, 5 (= WHb, 262, 4); LXIX, 2 (= WHb, 264, 1);
LXXIII, 5 (= WHb, 270, 1); LXXIII, 5 (= WHb, 270, 1);
LXXIV, 9 (= WHb, 276, 4); LXXIX, nr. 33 (3) (= WHb, 276,
2); CXLVI, nr. 2 (3) (= WHb, 274, 2); CXLVIII, nrs. 17 (2)
(= WHb, 396, 6), 20 (2) (= WHb, 400, 5), 22 (3) (= WHb,
404, 2). BG, 193, 4 (3 ×) (= Manassa 2006, Text C); 197, 3
(2 ×) (= Manassa 2006, Text N); 198, 4 (= Manassa 2006,
Text J); 200 bottom), 3 (2 ×), 7 (= Manassa 2006, Text P).
BE, 303/1, x + 1, x + 5, x + 6, x + 7; 304/2, 4, 13, 16;
305/3, 1; 306/4, x + 20; 307/5, 1, 2, 4. MMA palette, 16,
nr. 32.
Bib. see G39↑
bɜ Hieratic variant G39↑: .
Exs. AMD, 100, 3, 4, 7, 8; 114, 1, 5, 6; 116, 1, 2, 3, 5; 118, 2, 3,
5 (2 ×), 6 (2 ×); 123, 1, 3 (2 ×), 5 (2 ×); 373, 3, 5, 9, 11; 590,
1, 3, 5, 8; 592, 1, 2, 5, 6, 8; 593, 1, 2, 5, 6, 8; 594, 1 (3 ×), 2
(3 ×), 3 (3 ×), 4 (3 ×), 5 (3 ×), 6 (3 ×), 8 (3 ×); 630, 2, 5; 631,
1, 2, 3, 5; 635, 2, 3, 5, 8; 659, 1, 3, 4, 5, 8; 715, 1, 2, 5, 6;
and passim. BE, 304/2, 16; 307/5, 3, 5.
Bib. see G39↑
p Hieratic variant G39↑: .
Exs. BC, pl. LXXIV, 9; also see G39↑, p.
Bib. Darnell 2004, 94–95 (b), and n. 269; and see G39↑
m
 Hieratic variant G39↑: .
Exs. AMD, 435, 1 (3 ×), 2 (3 ×), 3 (3 ×), 4 (3 ×), 7 (3 ×); 438, 2
(2 ×), 3 (2 ×), 4 (2 ×), 7 (2 ×); 450, 1 (2 ×), 2 (2 ×), 3 (2 ×), 5
(2 ×); 597, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8; 626, 2, 3, 4, 5. BC, pls. LXII, 2 (=
WHb, 236, 16); LXVIII, 5 (= WHb, 262, 3); LXIX, 2 (= WHb,
264, 1); LXX, 2 (= WHb, 264, 2); LXXIII, 5 (= WHb, 270, 1);
LXXIV, 9 (= WHb, 276, 4); LXXVII, nr. 15 (3) (= WHb, 248,
2); LXXVIII, nrs. 17 (5) (= WHb, 248, 4), 19 (3) (= WHb,
248, 6); CXLVI, nr. 6 (3) (= WHb, 380, 5). BE, 235
(cenotaph); 304/2, 1, 4 (?); 306/4, x + 18, x + 19 (?), x +
20; 305/5, 1; 307/5, 3. BG, 192, 9 (2 ×) (= Manassa 2006,
Text B); 194, 4 (= Manassa 2006, Text C); 195, 4 (=
Manassa 2006, Text G); 197, 3 (= Manassa 2006, Text
N); 198, 4 (2 ×) (= Manassa 2006, Text J); 200 (bottom),
3, 7 (2 ×) (= Manassa 2006, Text P). BSOU, pls. 33; 34A,
14, 15, 24; 37A, 1 (3 ×), 2, 4 (2 ×), 5. MMA palette, 16, nr.
31.
Bib. see G39↑
mwt Hieratic variant G39↑: .
Exs. BG, 198, 4 (= Manassa 2006, Text J).
Bib. see G39↑
r Hieratic variant G39↑: .
Exs. BG, 192, 4 (= Manassa 2006, Text A); 200 (bottom), 7 (=
Manassa 2006, Text P). BC, pl. LXXIII, 3, 4 (= WHb, 270,
1). BSOU, pls. 34A, 4; 37A, 1.
Bib. see G39↑
ḥtm Hieratic variant G39↑: .
Exs. AMD, 147, 2, 3, 5; 631, 1, 2, 3, 5; 660, 1, 2, 5, 8; 792, 1, 2,
3, 4, 5, 6. BG, 193, 4 (= Manassa 2006, Text C); 194, 4 (=
Manassa 2006, Text C). BSOU, pls. 34A, 4; 37A, 1
Bib. see G39↑
Gb Hieratic variant G39↑: .
Exs. AMD, 594, 1 (2 ×), 2 (2 ×), 5 (2 ×), 8 (2 ×).
Bib. see G39↑
tjw Hieratic variant G39↑: .
Exs. AMD, 537, 5, 9; 659, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. BG, 193, 4 (= Manassa
2006, Text C); 195, 4 (2 ×) (= Manassa 2006, Text G);
196, 4 (= Manassa 2006, Text F); 200 (bottom), 7 (=
Manassa 2006, Text P).
Bib. see G39↑
Ideogram: [cryptic text]
Exs. BC, pl. LXI, 5 (= WHb, 238, 26); LXVIII, 5 (= WHb, 262, 4).
Bib. Werning 2008, 133–34; Werning 2011, 475. Also cf. bɜ↑
and G64, bɜ↓, with arguments contra Werning in
Quack 2015, 301.

G39.2
jmn(?) sportive (“hidden” disc)? Influenced perhaps by
G47 + D12: (jmy, “that which is inside”)? cf. also
Z8.1↓
Exs. BE, 154.
Bib. Fairman 1945, 119, n. 1 (re: jmy).
G40
ɜ class (G1↑: / cryptic G39↑: ).
Exs. AMD, 446, 6; 447, 6.
Bib. see generally G39↑
ɜḫ class (G25↑: / cryptic G39↑: ).
Exs. BG, 1 (Beischrift), 1.
Bib. see generally G39↑
w class (G43↓: / cryptic G39↑: ).
Exs. AMD, 359, 7. BG, 193, 1 (2 ×) (= Manassa 2006, Text C);
197, 1, 5 (= Manassa 2006, Text N); 200 (bottom), 1 (2
×), 5 (= Manassa 2006, Text P). BSOU, pl. 21, 41.
Bib. see generally G39↑
p consonantal (pɜ).
Exs. Djehuty H1, 4 (?); also cf. sp↓ and sḥ↓.
Bib. Espinel 2010, 311 (s.2), 332.
m class (G17↑: / cryptic G39↑: ).
Exs. AMD, 450, 6, 12 (2 ×); 597, 7. BG, 192, 6 (2 ×), 11 (2 ×) (=
Manassa 2006, Text B); 194, 1, 5 (3 ×) (= Manassa 2006,
Text C); 197, 1 (= Manassa 2006, Text N); 200 (bottom),
1, 5 (2 ×) (= Manassa 2006, Text P).
Bib. Manassa 2006, 112, n. 23; also see generally G39↑
r class (G39↑: ).
Exs. BG, 192, 1 (= Manassa 2006, Text A); 200 (bottom), 5 (=
 Manassa 2006, Text P).
Bib. see generally G39↑
ḥtm class (G38: / cryptic G39↑: ).
Exs. BG, 194, 1, 5 (= Manassa 2006, Text C).
Bib. see generally G39↑
sɜ class (G39↑: ).
Exs. AMD, 446, 6.
Bib. see generally G39↑
sp logogram (spɜ, Wb IV, 100.121) + consonantal.
Exs. Djehuty H1, 4 (?); also cf. p↑ and sḥ↓.
Bib. Espinel 2010, 332.
sḥ class (G41: / cryptic G39↑) + logogram (sḥwj, Wb
IV, 211.13–16) + consonantal.
Exs. Djehuty H1, 4 (?); also cf. p↑ and sp↑
Bib. Espinel 2010, 311 (s.2), 332; also see generally G39↑
t consonantal (tjw / tyw↓).
Exs. BG, 193, 1, 5 (= Manassa 2006, Text C).
Bib. Manassa 2006, 120 (d).
tjw class (G4↑: / cryptic G39↑: ).
Exs. BG, 193, 1 (= Manassa 2006, Text C); 200, 5 (= Manassa
2006, Text P).
Bib. see generally G39↑
G41a
m class (G17↑: / cryptic G39↑: ).
Exs. AMD, 349, 11.
Bib. see generally G39↑

G43
ɜ class (G1↑: / cryptic G39↑: ).
Exs. AMD, 434, 10 (2 ×).
Bib. see generally G39↑
wɜ(t) Hieroglyphic variant: Z7↓; shape (V1↓); consonantal
back-formation: w(ɜt).
Exs. AMD, 437, 5.
Bib. see Z7↓
m class (G17↑: / cryptic G39↑: ).
Exs. BC, pl. LXVII, 1 (= WHb, 258, 3). BG, 198, 6 (= Manassa
2006, Text J).
Bib. see generally G39↑
mwt class (G14↑: / cryptic G39↑: ).
Exs. BG, 198, 6 (= Manassa 2006, Text J).
Bib. see generally G39↑
sɜ class (G39↑: ).
Exs. AMD, 446, 6.
Bib. see generally G39↑
tjw class (G4a↑: / cryptic G39↑: ).
Exs. AMD, 659, 7; BG, 195, 6 (2 ×) (= Manassa 2006, Text G);
196, 6 (= Manassa 2006, Text F).
Bib. see generally G39↑
ṯɜw class (G47↓: ).
Exs. NUT, § 30.
Bib. Von Lieven 2007, 58, n. 257; Klotz 2011a, 481.

G47
m class (G17↑: / cryptic G39↑: ); sportive (chick =
jmj, “one who is in” the egg) + consonantal.
Exs. AOTSB, 65, 6.
Bib. Fairman 1945, 119, n. 1; Roberson 2013, 73 (o), n. 359;
also see generally G39↑
ṯ consonantal (ṯɜ)
Exs. Louvre C65, 26, nr. 9.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 43, nr. 92.

G49
ḫ(r) shape (M8↓: ) + logogram (jɜḫj: Wb I, 33.2) +
consonantal + phonetic (ḫj ~ ḫr).
Exs. BC: MLEU, pl. 288A, 6.
Bib. Manassa 2007, vol. 1, 407 (e).
G51
ḥm consonantal (ḥɜm, Wb III, 31).
Exs. Louvre C65, 27, nr. 83. Abydos 2, side B.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 43, nr. 93; Effland and Effland 2004, 15
(b).

G64
ɜ class (G1↑: / cryptic G39↑: ).
Exs. BC, pl. LXIX, 2 (= WHb, 1); MLEU, pl. 288B (CG), 3; 288C
(CG, 2).
Bib. see generally G39↑
w class (G43↑: / cryptic G39↑: ).
Exs. BC: MLEU, pl. 288A, 5.
Bib. Manassa 2007, vol. 1, 407 (d); also see generally G39↑
bɜ class (G29↑: / cryptic G39↑: ).
Exs. BC: MLEU, pl. 288A, 5 (3 ×)
Bib. see generally G39↑
m class (G17↑: / cryptic G39↑: ).
Exs. BC: MLEU, pl. 288A, 5.
Bib. Manassa 2007, vol. 1, 406 (without comment); also see
generally G.39↑
(n)pɜ class (G40↑: / cryptic G39↑: ); logogram
(npj: Wb II, 248.6)?
Exs. BC, pl. LX, 4 (= WHb, 236, 11; MLEU, pl. 288C (Berlin),
2).
Bib. see generally G39↑

G64.1
cursive variant G64↑

G80
ɜ class (G1↑: / cryptic G39↑: ).
Exs. AMD, 434, 5.
Bib. see generally G39↑

G144
ḏr.t logogram (Wb V, 596.2–8).
Exs. NIGHT, 153, 5, 6 (2 × each = ḏr.ty) (= Roberson 2020b, §
5, c).
Bib. Drioton 1942, 91, 102, No 86; Roberson 2020b, § 5 (c),
nn. 115, 117–118.
ḏrw logogram↑ + consonantal.
Exs. NIGHT, 153, 3, 4 (= Roberson 2020b, § 3, g).
Bib. Drioton 1942, 91, 103, No 84.

G144b
variant G144↑
G179
m consonantal (mw.t, Wb II, 54); variant G14↑
Exs. RII, Luxor unnumbered. KRI II, 613, 2.
Bib. Boraik 2008, 134.

G213
ɜ class (G1↑: / cryptic G39↑: ).
Exs. AMD, 433, 5; 437, 5.
Bib. see generally G39↑
H Parts of birds
H1
skr (zkr)
class (H10↓: ).
Exs. AMD, 434, 11.
Bib. see H10↓

H2
w part for whole (G31↑: ); class (G43↑: / cryptic
G39↑: ).
Exs. AMD, 363, 7, 8.
Bib. see generally G39↑

H5
pɜ logogram (Wb I, 494.1–12)
Exs. Louvre C65, 26, nr. 2; 27, nr. 75 (both exs. in name Pɜ-
sr)
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 43, nr. 96.

H6
j shape (M17↓: ).
Exs. AMD, 10. BSOU, pls. 13B, 15; 22C, 1.
Bib. Darnell 2004, 144; Manassa 2004, 601.
p part for whole (G40↑); consonantal (pɜ).
Exs. BSOU, pl. 13B, 9.
Bib. Darnell 2004, 144; Manassa 2004, 601.
r shape (M17↓).
Exs. AMD, 382, 12; 397, 9; 446, 12.
Bib. see M17↓
Determinative: sṯɜ
shape (V2↓, see discussion in Bib.).
Exs. BSOU, pl. 11, 7.
Bib. Darnell 2004, 128–29, n. 410; Manassa 2004, 601.

H6 + A465.1
see A465.1↑ + H6.

H6.1
(w)s(j)r
shape (H8↓ + L4↓: ).
Exs. AOTSB, 56, 4.
Bib. Roberson 2013, 60 (e); also cf. Werning 2016
(understanding scribal error).

H8
ɜs shape (F51↑: ).
Exs. Djehuty H2, 5.
Bib. Espinel 2010, 332.
jmj synecdoche (part for whole, H34↓: ) / sportive
(“that which is in” a bird, or “that in which” a bird is)
Exs. Urk. IV, 46, 14; 49, 7; Louvre C65, 26, nr. 1.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 43, nr. 99; Rashed 2015, 13.
jr shape (cryptic D12↑: ).
Exs. AMD, 537, 10.
Bib. see D12↑
bɜ part for whole (G29↑: ).
Exs. AMD, 631, 10.
Bib. Hornung 1963, 149 (“siebente Höhle”; without
comment).
pᶜ.t logogram (Wb I, 503.2–8, cf. NK abbreviation: ).
Exs. AMD, 661, [1], 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9.
ms(w) sportive (egg containing a “child”).
Exs. TT 32 (multiple occurrences in the name Ḏḥwty-ms).
Monuments of Minmose (= Effland and Effland 2004,
12–13, Kryptogramm Brüssel E.4181).
Bib. Kákosy 1989; Fábián 1989–99, 31, §II; Effland and
Effland 2004, 12–13.
nw shape (W24↓: ).
Exs. BSOU, pl. 33.
Bib. Darnell 2004, 294; Manassa 2004, 602.
s part for whole (G39↑: ); consonantal (Wsjr and ɜs.t
only).
Exs. AMD, 405, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6; 424, 2, 3, 4, 5; 435, 1 (2 ×), 2 (2 ×),
3 (2 ×), 4 (2 ×), 5, 6, 7 (2 ×), 10, 11; 470, 1 (2 ×), 2 (2 ×), 3
(2 ×), 4, 5 (2 ×), 7 (2 ×), 8 (2 ×), 10 (2 ×); 479, 7, 10; 539, 2,
5, 9; 597, 5 (2 ×). AOTSB, 56, 2, 3, 5. BC, pl. LXXIV, 5 (=
WHb, 276, 5). BE, 281, 2 (right); 286, 1 (bottom), 328/19,
1; 331/22, 2. BG, 125, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7; 130, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7;
199 (8 ×); 200 (4 ×) (= Manassa 2006, Text O); 253, 5, 7,
8. DAY, 283, 3, 4. NIGHT 89, 2; 109 (nr. 17), 1; 129, 1;
132, 1; 167, 1, 5b.
Bib. Fairman 1945, 90–92 (m); Werning 2008, 131, 143;
Roberson 2013, 60 (e).
Determinative: ẖɜ.wt
shape (Aa2↓: ).
Exs. BSOU, pl. 13B, 8.
Bib. Darnell 2004, 147; Manassa 2004, 601.

H8 + E17
sɜ see E17↑ + H8.

H10
ᶜḫm(?) part for whole (G11↑: ).
Exs. Djehuty H1, 2 (?); also cf. bjk↓
Bib. Espinel 2010, 309 (h), 332.
bjk(?) part for whole (G6: ).
Exs. Djehuty H1, 2; also cf. ᶜḫm↑
Bib. Espinel 2010, 209 (h), 332.
skr (zkr)
part for whole (G10: ).
Exs. AMD, 348, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 10, 11; 424, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5; 434, 1,
2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7; 437, 2, 3, 4, 57, 10; 445, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8,
11; 447, 3, 5, 6, 8.
Bib. Werning 2008, 143.

H16
jr class (D4↑: ) + consonantal (jrt); also cf. H16 +
H16↓
Exs. Abydos 1, 1. Khaemhat, 4, nr. 1.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 9, 43, nr. 94; Klotz 2012b, 24 (g).
mɜ(ɜ) class (D4↑: / cryptic D12↑: ) also cf. H16 + H16↓
and N5 + N5↓
Exs. KRI III, 650, 13; 651, 15; 652, 9, 11; 653, 9; 655, 13.
Bib. see D12↑
mr class (D4: ) + consonantal + logogram (mr.t, Wb II,
107.10–15).
Exs. Neferrenpet, 21, nr. 11.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 43, nr. 94.
skr / zkr
 part for whole (cryptic H10↑: / G10: ).
Exs. AMD, 348, 6.
Bib. see H10↑

H16 + H16
jr.ty see H16↑
Exs. Louvre C65, 29, nr. 28.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 43, nr. 95.
mɜɜ see H16↑
Exs. AMD, 349, 6.
Bib. see D12↑

H31
n see D41↑: ,n

H34
jmj sportive (“one who is inside”).
Exs. Djehuty H1, 2; Djehuty H2, 2 (2 ×), 5.
Bib. Fairman 1945, 119, n. 1; Espinel 2010, 309 (i), 332;
Rashed 2015.
jmj-jtn
sportive (“he who is in the solar disc/egg”); also cf. jmj
dwɜ.t↓
Exs. AOTSB, 65, 5, 6.
Bib. Roberson 2013, 72 (k).
jmj-dwɜ.t
shape (N15: ) + sportive (“he who is in the Duat”);
also cf. jmj-jtn↑ // possibly also phonetic (ṯɜ.t ~ dɜ.t)
Exs. AOTSB, see jmj-jtn↑
Bib. Werning 2016.
I Amphibians, reptiles, and their
parts
I3
ɜᶜ thematic + consonantal (the crocodile Wnty described
as ᶜɜᶜy, “ejaculating,” the sun god).
Exs. MMA Palette, 15, nr. 9 (= Darnell 2004, pl. 1D).
Bib. Darnell 2004, 27 (b), n. 69; Manassa 2004, 602.
jt consonantal (jtj, “sovereign,” Wb I, 143.3–13) // +
phonetic (< ɜd, “to rage” Wb I, 24.12)
Exs. KRI II, 880, 10.
Bib. Satzinger 1985, 32.
ḫntj logogram (Wb III, 308.4).
Exs. AMD, 470, 1, 2 (2 ×), 3 (2 ×), 4 (2 ×), 5 (2 ×), 7 (2 ×), 8 (2
×), 10 (2 ×); 471, 1, 2, 3, 4, 58, 10, 11; 491, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7,
8, 9, 10, 11; 717, 1 (2 ×), 2 (2 ×), 3 (2 ×), 4 (2 ×), 5 (2 ×), 6
(2 ×), 7 (2 ×), 8 (2 ×). NIGHT, 3, 4 (= Roberson 2020b, § 3,
e).
Bib. Werning 2008, 143.

I5
š logogram (šwy, Wb IV, 434.8) + consonantal.
Exs. NIGHT, see I3↑, ḫntj.
Bib. Darnell 2004, 30, n. 77; Manassa 2004, 602.
ḫntj variant I3↑
Exs. NIGHT, see I3↑, ḫntj.

I6 + A26
f(ɜj) see A26↑ + I6.

I6 + C227
Km.t see C227↑ + I6.

I9
n Hieratic (N35: ); cf. Möller 1927, 30, nr. 331, P.
Abbot: [N35] vs. ibid., 24, nr. 263: [I9].
Exs. BSOU, pls. 25A, 37 (= 1, left); 28 A, 8; 28B, 7 (2 ×).
Bib. Darnell 2004, 97, 218, n. 199; Manassa 2004, 602.
tɜ Hieratic (N16↓ ); cf. Möller 1927, 29, nr. 318, P.
Rollin: [N16] vs. ibid., 24, nr. 263, Rollin: [I9] /
class (I10↓: ) + phonetic (ḏ ~ t) + consonantal back-
formation / thematic (nether “earth” as realm of
serpents, Apep).
Exs. AMD, 567, 10 (“sic”). BG, 63, 4, 5.
Bib. Darnell 2004, 215; Manassa 2004, 602.
ḏ class (I14↓: ).
Exs. BSOU, pl. 13B, 10; 24, 30, 31, 34; 30, 4 (right).
Bib. Darnell 2004, 8; Manassa 2004, 602; also see I14↓
Determinative: fnṯ
 class (I19: , Wb I, 577.5–7)
Exs. Khaemhat, 8, nr. 123.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 43, nr. 101.

I10
f class (I9↑: ).
Exs. AMD, 710, 5. AOTSB, 65, 7.
Bib. Fairman 1945, 65 (c); Roberson 2013, 74–75, s; also see
generally I14↓
d phonetic (ḏ)
Exs. Khaemhat, 6, nrs. 86, 95. Louvre C65, 26, nr. 27.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 43, nr. 102, n. 3.

I10 + U36
ḥmt(y) direct + phonetic (ḥm-club + ḏ > t).
Exs. KRI II, 613, 1.

I14
jᶜr.t class (I64↓: ) + logogram (Wb I, 42.1–5).
Exs. BSOU, pl. 5B, 16 (two serpents, dual: jᶜr.tj).
Bib. Darnell 2004, 59; Manassa 2004, 603.
(j)r(t) consonantal back formation from r↓
Exs. BC, pl. LXII, 7 (= WHb, 236, 19).
Bib. see r↓
f class (I9↑: ).
Exs. AOTSB, 56, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5; 61, 1; 93, 1, 2. BC, pls. LXII, 1 (=
WHb, 236, 19); LXXIV, 8 (= WHb, 276, 4); LXXVIII, nr. 20
(= WHb, 254, 1); CLI, nrs. 40 (P) (= WHb, 424, 2), 45 (RVI,
P: phonetic & determinative) (= WHb, 432, 1); MLEU,
pl. 288A, 6 (2 ×). BE, 236; 303/1, x + 2; 304/2, 13, 14 (?);
305/3, 3. BG, 200 (bottom), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8 (= Manassa
2006, Text P). BSOU, pl. 4A; 7A, 1 (2 ×); 7B, 1 (3 ×); 10B,
7; and passim. Djehuty H1, 1 (?), 2 (2 ×), 3 (3 ×); Djehuty
H2, 1 (2 ×), 7 (2 ×), 9. Khaemhat, 5, nrs. 58, 74; 7, nr.
110. MMA Palette, 16, nrs. 25, 37; 17, nrs. 74, 78.
Neferrenpet, 21, nrs. 1, 8, 11, 18, 26. Louvre C65, 26,
nrs. 3, 39 (contra Drioton: q), 55, 62; 27, nr. 83; 28, nr. 7;
29, nrs. 22 (contra Drioton: q), 25, 41; 30, nrs. 57, 58.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 43, nr. 103; Zeidler 1999, vol. 2, 20;
Darnell 2004, 45 and n. 39; Manassa 2004, 602;
Manassa 2006, 112, 135; Werning 2008, 143; Roberson
2007, 108, pl. 1a–b; Espinel 2010, 333; Roberson 2012,
91, n. 204, 97–98 and n. 258; Roberson 2013, 58–59 (c).
n class (I9↑: ).
Exs. BSOU, pl. 30, 1 (right). Louvre C65, 26, nrs. 9, 21, 52.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 43, nr. 103; Darnell 2004, 97; Manassa
2004, 603.
r logogram (rɜ, Wb II, 393.7–10) + consonantal.
Exs. BE, 136, 3 (Ramesses IV); 172, 2. Parennefer (= Darnell
2004, pl. 1E). Cairo stela TR 30/10/17/8, 5 (= Selim 2003,
256, r). Djehuty H1, 1 (?); Djehuty H2, 1, 4, 5, 7 (6 ×).
Khaemhat, 4, nr. 13. Louvre C65, 26, nr. 53; 27, nrs. 66,
75; 29, nrs. 15, 41.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 43, nr. 103; Fairman 1945, 74; Darnell
2004, 46 and n. 43; Manassa 2004, 603; Espinel 2010,
308 (b.3), 333.
ḥf(ɜw) logogram (Wb III, 72.14–20).
Exs. BC, pl. CXLVIII, nr. 20 (1, 2) (= WHb, 400, 5).
Bib. Werning 2008, 143 (“fälschlich für <ḥ>f?”).
ḫᶜ class (I12: ); logogram (Wb III, 242.6–7).
Exs. Djehuty H1, 4 (?).
Bib. Espinel 2010, 310 (q), 333.
t consonantal (tɜ↓) / class (I10↑: ) + phonetic (ḏ ~ t).
Exs. BC, LXIV, 1 (= WHb, 240, 15: reading d↓); LXXVI, 1 (=
WHb, 240, 3: reading d↓); CXLIX, nr. 27 (= WHb, 414, 2:
reading d↓). BSOU, pls. 4B; 8, 11; 24, 2. Djehuty H1, 4
(?).
Bib. Darnell 2004, 45.
tɜ class (I9↑: , tɜ).
Exs. BSOU, pls. 21, 18, 31; 24, 14.
Bib. Darnell 2004, 215.
d class (I10↑: ).
Exs. BE, 306, x + 4, x + 18. BC, pl. LXII, 8, 9 (= WHb, 236, 19);
LXIV, 1 (= WHb, 240, 15); LXVII, 4, 6 (= WHb, 258, 3);
LXVIII, 4 (2 ×), 5 (2 ×) (= WHb, 262, 3); LXXVI, nr. 3 (=
WHb, 240, 3); LXXVIII, nr. 24 (1, 4) (= WHb, 262, 1);
CXLIX, nr. 27 (= WHb, 414, 2). BSOU, pl. 37A, 1.
Bib. see f ↑
ḏ class (I10↑: ).
Exs. AMD, 442, 3, 5, 6, 11, 12. AOTSB, 65, 1, 4; 101, 1, 2. BC,
pls. LXII, 1 (= WHb, 236, 19); LXXIV, 8, 9 (= WHb, 276, 4);
LXXVII, nr. 13 (1, 2) (= WHb, 246, 4); LXXVIII, nr. 20 (=
WHb, 254, 1); CXLVI, nr. 3 (1, 2, 3) (= WHb, 374, 1);
CXLIX, nrs. 27 (= WHb, 414, 2), 28 (= WHb, 414, 3);
MLEU, pl. 288A, 6. BE, 235 (cenotaph); 305/3, 1; 307/5,
3, 4. BSOU, pl. 7A, 1 (2 ×), 5; 8, 7, 13, 17; and passim.
Djehuty H2, 9. Khaemhat, 4, nr. 17. Louvre C65, 26, nr.
3.
Bib. see f ↑

I14.1
f, ḏ variant I14↑

I14a
f variant I14↑

I14c
f, ḏ variant I14↑

I24
pr(j) sportive (viper “emerging”).
Exs. AOTSB, 65, 5. NIGHT, 158, 4, 6; 159, 1, 2, 4; 162, 3, 5;
163, 1, 2, 4; MLEU, pl. 164 (top), 1; 164 (bottom), 1;
288C (CG), 1. Djehuty H1, 2. Khaemhat, 5, nr. 35.
Louvre C65, 26, nr. 37; 29, nrs. 19, 39.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 44, nr. 104; Fairman 1945, 98; Espinel
 2010, 333; Roberson 2013, 70–71 (i), nn. 339–340.
[I25]?
ᶜq damaged / questionable, but note contextual pairing
(?) with sportive I24↑ Also cf. V13↓
Exs. AOTSB, 65, 5.
Bib. Fairman 1945, 98 (re: ); Roberson 2013, 71–72 (j);
Werning 2016 (caveat, re: illegibility of damaged sign).

I64
f class (I9↑: / cryptic I14↑: ).
Exs. see I14↑
Bib. see I14↑

I64.1
variant I64↑

I75
ḏ.t // class (I10↑: ) + consonantal back formation (ḏ >
ḏt).
Exs. Djehuty H2, 8.
Bib. Espinel 2010, 333 (“Uroboros?”).

I80
f class (I9↑: / cryptic I14↑: ).
Exs. see I14↑
Bib. see I14↑
K Fish and their parts
K2
s class (K3↓: ).
Exs. Djehuty H2, 6 (?).
Bib. Espinel 2010, 317 (t), 333; see K3↓

K3
s logogram (Wb III, 406.12).
Exs. BSOU, pl. 10A, 3. Parennefer (= Darnell 2004, pl. 1B).
Semna statuette, front, 2 (3 ×) (= Klotz and Brown
2016, 278); pillar left side (=ibid., 283).
Bib. Darnell 2004, 22–23, 118; Manassa 2004, 603; Klotz and
Brown 2016, 301.

K5
ẖɜ(.t) class (K4: ).
Exs. BC, pl. LXXVI, nrs. 7 (1) (= WHb, 244, 1), 9 (1, 2) (=
WHb, 244, 3).
Bib. Werning 2008, 144.
s class (K3↑: ).
Exs. Khaemhat, 5, nr. 54. Neferrenpet, 21, nr. 23. Louvre
C65, 26, nr. 24; 27, nr. 79; 29, nr. 23; 30, nr. 58.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 44, nr. 105.
K6
ḫ consonantal (ḫɜ(.t)?, Wb III, 218.17; ḫɜ.t, ibid., 222.6–7;
ḫɜ, ibid., 222.12–13).
Exs. Louvre C65, 26, nr. 7.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 44, nr. 108.

K7
špt / ḫpd
logogram (Wb IV, 453–454).
Exs. NUT, § x + 11.
L Invertebrates

L1
jk(ɜ)? unknown.
Exs. BSOU, pl. 5C, 21.
Bib. Darnell 2004, 71; Manassa 2004, 604.
ᶜnḫ rebus (Wb I, 204.7).
Exs. AOTSB, 105, 1. BSOU, pl. 5C, 20. Khaemhat, 4, nr. 5; 5,
nr. 53.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 44, nr. 106; Fairman 1945, 102; Darnell
2004, 71, and n. 160; Manassa 2004, 604; Roberson
2013, 109 (g).
f unknown.
Exs. NIGHT, 109 (nr. 17), 1, 4, 5, 6.
Bib. Roulin 1996, vol. 1, 255, n. 1288.
t consonantal (tɜ↓).
Exs. AOTSB, 93, 1. Parennefer (= Darnell 2004, pl. 1C).
Bib. Yoyotte 1955, 86–87; Darnell 2004, 25; Manassa 2004,
604; Morenz 2008, 180; Roberson 2013 (c), 95, nn. 443–
444.
tɜ unknown // onomatopoeia?
Exs. AOTSB, 112, 1 (= SETY, Protocol F). Also see A296b.1↑ +
L1. Neferrenpet, 21, nr. 25. Louvre C65, 26, nr. 51; 29,
nr. 31.
Bib. Wb V, 212 (non-cryptic exs. in Late Perdiod and Greco-
Roman era); Drioton 1933a, 44, nr. 106; Fairman 1945,
128; Étienne-Fart 1994, 137–38; Roberson 2013, 116
(reading: t); Klotz 2014, 51; Taterka 2015, 77.

L4
j back-formation (D21↑: ); phonetic (r ~ j).
Exs. BG, 192, 1, 2, 5 (= Manassa 2006, Text A).
Bib. Manassa 2006, 115 (b), nn. 45–46.
w phonetic (r ~ w).
Exs. BC, pl. LXXIV, 8, 9 (= WHb, 276, 4: as r↓); MLEU, pl. 288A,
5; also cf. ideogram↓. BSOU, pl. 9A, 19
Bib. Darnell 2004, 94–95 (c), n. 270, 108–10 and n. 342;
Manassa 2007, 407 (d); also cf. ideogram↓
b class (L2: ) + consonantal (bj.t).
Exs. BC, pl. LXX, 4 (2 ×) (= WHb, 264, 3).
Bib. Werning 2008, 132 (2), 144; Werning 2011, 264, 3
(reconstruction, center).
r unknown; perhaps onomatopoeia (Werning 2008,
144), or class interchange with generic “flying” animal,
G39↓, r (Klotz and Brown 2016, 281, nn. 78–79).
Exs. Aksha (= Rodrigo 1985, 69). AOTSB, 56, 1, 3, 5. BC, pls.
LXII, 1, 2, 3 (= WHb, 236, 17, 19); LXX, 1 (2 ×), 3 (2 ×) (=
WHb, 264, 2); LXXIII, 3 (3 ×), 4 (3 ×), 5 (= WHb, 270, 1);
LXXIV, 8 (4 ×), 9 (3 ×) (= WHb, 276, 4); LXXVIII, nr. 23 (2)
(= WHb, 258, 1); CXLVII, nr. 9 (1, 2, 3) (2 × each) (= WHb,
386, 3); CLI, nrs. 44 (RVI, P) (= WHb, 432, 2), 46 (RVI, P)
 (= WHb, 432, 3); MLEU, pl. 288A, 5, 6. BE, 303/1, x + 6, x
+ 7; 304/2, 3; 339/28, 5. BG, 194, 4, 5 (= Manassa 2006,
Text C). BSOU, pls. 5B, 5; 5C, 5, 16 (2 ×); and passim. KRI
II, 215, 6, 10; 217, 4–5 (Amara West). Djehuty H2, 1, 3, 6,
7, (2 ×), 8. Khaemhat, 5, nr. 34; 6, nr. 93. MMA Palette,
15, nrs. 3, 5, 11, 13 (= Darnell 2004, pl. 1D); 16, nr. 18.
Neferrenpet, 21, nr. 26. Louvre C65, 26, nrs. 7, 55; 29,
nrs. 15, 33. Semna statuette, front, 2 (= Klotz and
Brown 2016, 278).
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 44, nr. 107; Darnell 2004, 108–110;
Manassa 2004, 604; Manassa 2007, 407 (e); Werning
2008, 128, 144; Espinel 2010, 333; Roberson 2012, 98
and n. 259; Roberson 2013, 60 (e); Klotz and Brown
2016, 281 (f), 301.
Ideogram: [cryptic text]
Exs. BC, pl. LX, 5 (= WHb, 236, 15); LXI, 4 (= WHb, 238, 26);
LXVII, 1, 3 (= WHb, 258, 3); LXXI, 5, 6 (= WHb, 266, 3);
CXXVII, 6, 7 (= WHb, 398, 20). Also cf. w↑
Bib. Werning 2008, 133–34; Werning 2011, 475; also cf. w↑,
with additional suggestions contra in Quack 2015, 301.

L25
srq-ḥty.t
logogram (srq, Wb IV, 202, incl. dets. L25 and F10, ;
srq-ḥty.t, 181.7, incl. det. F10).
Exs. see Ideogram↓
Bib. Klotz 2011a, 483, n. 33.
Ideogram: [Underworld begins]
Exs. BE, 132 (fig. 5.1, bottom left).
Bib. Roberson 2012, 98 and n. 262, 134 and nn. 45–48.
M Plants

M1
m logogram + consonantal (jmɜ, Wb I, 79–80).
Exs. MMA palette, 16, nr. 36.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 44, nr. 109.

M1.1
ḫt direct (ḫt, “tree,” Wb III, 389.10–14. Note: not yet a
logogram; determinative unattested prior to Greco-
Roman era).
Exs. KRI II, 217, 4 (2 ×) (Amara West).

M2
j class (M17↓: ); also cf. M2 + M2↓, y, w
Exs. AOTSB, 101, 1, 2. BC, pl. LX, 5, 7, 8 (= WHb, 236, 15);
LXII, 1 (= WHb, 236, 18); LXVII, 1, 3 (= WHb, 258, 3);
LXVIII, 4, 5 (= WHb, 262, 4); LXX, 1, 2, 3 (= WHb, 264, 2);
LXXIII, 3, 4 (= WHb, 270, 2); LXXVI, nr. 6 (1) (= WHb, 244,
1); LXXVII, nr. 15 (1, 2, 3) (= WHb, 248, 2); LXXVIII, nrs.
18 (= WHb, 248, 5), 19 (1, 2, 3) (= WHb, 248, 6), 23 (2) (=
WHb, 258, 1); CXXVII, 8, 9 (= WHb, 398, 20); CXLVIII, nrs.
19 (2, 3) (= WHb, 400, 1), 22 (1, 2) (= WHb, 404, 2);
CXLIX, nr. 23 (2) (= WHb, 404, 3); CLI, nr. 41 (P) (= WHb,
424, 4); MLEU, pl. 288A, 6. BE, 313/8, a, b. BG, 195, 1, 2,
 3, 4, 6 (= Manassa 2006, Text D); 196, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 (=
Manassa 2006, Text F). BSOU, pls. 4B (2 ×); 4C (2 ×); 5B,
8 (2 ×), 15; Tutankhamun passim. DAY, 156, 4. NIGHT,
154, 4 (2 ×) (= Roberson 2020b, § 8, a, d). Djehuty H1, 2;
Djehuty H2, 1 (?), 2 (2 ×), 8 (2 ×), 9 (3 ×?). Khaemhat, 5,
nrs. 54, 72, 74. MMA Palette, 16, nrs. 40, 45; 17, nrs. 56,
72, 76, 81, 84. Louvre C65, 27, nr. 64; 28, nr. 9. Urk. IV,
76.16, 77.5–6 (non-cryptographic stela).
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 44, nr. 110; Darnell 2004, 62, n. 120,
222; Manassa 2004, 604; Manassa 2006, 112; Müller-
Roth 2008, 157 (3a); Werning 2008, 144; Espinel 2010,
316 (n), 333; Roberson 2012, 98, n. 261; Roberson 2013,
101 (b).
jb class (M1: ) + logogram (Wb I, 60.17–18, 62.3–4).
Exs. BC, pl. CL, nr. 37 (= WHb, 418, 8).
Bib. Darnell 2004, 9, 39; Manassa 2004, 604.
y phonetic (j ~ y); also cf. M2↓ + M2.
Exs. BC, pl. LXXVI, 1 (= WHb, 234, 1*).
b(ɜ) consonantal (jbw↑); logogram. (bɜ.t, Wb I, 416.6–10) +
consonantal.
Exs. DAY, 128, 1, 2; 282, 1, 2.
Bib. Darnell 2004, 9, n. 39; Manassa 2004, 605; Müller-Roth,
130 (4a), 457; Klotz 2012b, 22.
p // phonetic (b↑ ~ p).
Exs. DAY, 143, 7.
Bib. Drioton 1942, 109, No 61 (dubious derivation by
acrophony). Müller-Roth 2008, 151 (17c) (reading as
 determinative).
n logogram + consonantal (nɜw.t, Wb II, 200.7; njɜjɜ, ibid.,
202.6; njwj, ibid., 203.3).
Exs. Louvre C65, 26, nrs. 29, 57.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 44, nr. 110 (acrophony).
r class (M17↓: ); phonetic (j ~ r).
Exs. BC, pls. LXIX, 1, 2, 3 (= WHb, 264, 2); LXXIII, 3, 4, 5 (=
WHb, 270, 1); LXXVI, nr. 9 (2) (= WHb, 244, 3). BE, 305/3,
1. BSOU, pl. 5B, 18. Djehuty H2, 3 (?). Louvre C65, 26,
nr. 30.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 44, nr. 110 (acrophony); also see j↑
ḥ consonantal (ḥɜ↓).
Exs. BC, pl. CL, nr. 37, 1 (= WHb, 418, 3*). NIGHT, 154, 1, 2
(= Roberson 2020b, § 6, b).
ḥɜ class (M16↓: )
Exs. AOTSB, 65, 8. BC, pl. LXXIV, 8, 9 (= WHb, 276, 4: reading
ḥn). BSOU, pls. 4B; 8, 11.
Bib. Darnell 2004, 48–49, nn. 66–67, 94–95, c; Manassa
2004, 605; Roberson 2013, 74 (r); also see generally j↑
ḫ class (M12↓: ).
Exs. AOTSB, 101, 2. BSOU, pl. 9B, 8.
Bib. Darnell 2004, 68; Manassa 2004, 605; Roberson 2013,
103 (m); also see generally j↑
ẖ class (M12↓: ); phonetic (ḫ ~ ẖ).
Exs. BSOU, pls. 5B, 10; 9B, 6.
Bib. Darnell 2004, 68; Manassa 2004, 605.
s consonantal (sw↓)
Exs. Louvre C65, 26, nr. 30; 30, nr. 59.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 44, nr. 110 (consonantal < js)
sw class (M23↓: ).
Exs. BSOU, pls. 11, 8; 22C, 8. Djehuty H2, 9 (?).
Bib. Darnell 2004, 129; Manassa 2004, 605; Espinel 2010,
333.
k hieratic (cryptic F27↑: ); cf. Möller 1927, 24, nr. 268,
Lederhs., Pentoere, P. Abbott: , , [M2] vs. ibid., 14,

n. 166, Gurob, P. Abbott, Nḏm.t: , , [F27].

Exs. BSOU, pls. 5B, 13 (2 ×); 5C, 10 (2 ×).

Bib. Darnell 2004, 68, n. 146; Manassa 2004, 605.
t // logogram + consonantal (tjw, Wb V, 242.8, a
(?) medicinal plant).
Exs. AOTSB, 101, 2.
Bib. Roberson 2013, 102 (i).

M2 + M2
y class (M17↓ + M17: ).
Exs. BC, pl. LX, 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8 (= WHb, 236, 11, 15; MLEU, pl.
 288C (Berlin), 2); LXI, 4 (= WHb, 238, 26); LXIII, 1 (=
WHb, 238, 27); LXIV, 1 (= WHb, 240, 15); LXVII, 1, 2, 3 (=
WHb, 258, 2); LXVIII, 4 (= WHb, 262, 3); LXX, 3 (= WHb,
264, 2); LXXI, 5, 6 (= WHb, 266, 3); LXXIII, 3, 4, 5 (= WHb,
270, 2); LXXVI, nrs. 1 (= WHb, 234, 1), 3 (= WHb, 240, 3);
LXXVII, nrs. 10 (= WHb, 246, 1), 12 (= WHb, 246, 3);
LXXVIII, nrs. 21 (1) (= WHb, 254, 2), 24 (1, 4) (= WHb,
262, 1), 25 (1, 3) (= WHb, 262, 2); LXXIX, nrs. 26 (2, 3) (=
WHb, 266, 1), 31 (3) (= WHb, 270, 3), 32 (1) (= WHb, 276,
1); CXLVI, nrs. 1 (3) (= WHb, 374, 3), 4 (2, 3) (= WHb, 380,
1), 6 (3) (= WHb, 380, 5); CXLVIII, nr. 19 (= WHb, 400, 1);
CXLIX, nr. 26 (= WHb, 414, 1); CL, nr. 32 (P) (= WHb, 418,
3); CLI, nrs. 39 (P) (= WHb, 424, 1), 40 (P) (=WHb, 424, 2),
41 (P) (=WHb, 424, 4), 42 (P) (= WHb, 424, 5), 43 (P) (=
WHb, 424, 6), 44 (P) (= WHb, 2), 46 (P) (= WHb, 3); MLEU,
pl. 288A, 5; 288B (CG), 3; 288C (CG), 2. BE, 313/8, a.
Djehuty H1, 3. MMA Palette, 15, nr. 6 (= Darnell 2004,
pl. 1D). Khaemhat, 5, nrs. 61, 70; 7, nr. 121. Louvre C65,
26, nrs. 37, 49.
Bib. Darnell 2004, 222; Werning 2008, 144; Espinel 2010,
310 (m), 333.
w phonetic (y↑ ~ w).
Exs. BE, 304/2, 16 (?). BSOU, pl. 7B, 6; 10A, 6. Djehuty H1, 2
(?).
Bib. Darnell 2004, 119, n. 380, 304, n. 135; Manassa 2004,
605; Espinel 2010, 333.

M3
ḫ consonantal (ḫt)
Exs. Louvre C65, 26, nr. 36.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 44, nr. 114 (acrophony, sic.).

M3.1
tr class / pars pro toto (M1+M3 / M1a: )
Exs. RRI IX, 22, 18 (in personal name Ḫᶜ-m-tr; cf. Ranke
1935, 264, no. 5).

M4
jnk unknown
Exs. Louvre C65, 26, nrs. 35, 40; 28, nr. 1; 29, nr. 32.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 44, nr. 115.

M4 + N5
r // class + shape (cryptic M17↓: , r) + consonantal (rᶜ),
as phonetic complement (cf. N5↓)
Exs. Louvre C65, 26, nrs. 15, 34.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 44, nr. 116 (acrophony).

M4.1
jnk see M4↑

M4a
n class + shape (M22: ).
Exs. SETY, Gurna 18.
Bib. Drioton 1940, 313–314 (acrophony < nḥb.t); Fairman
1943, 277, LXI; Faulkner 1981, 173.

M8
n class (N35↓: ).
Exs. Djehuty H2, 9.
Bib. Darnell 2004, 22, n. 38, 39–40, 53–54; Manassa 2004,
606; Espinel 2010, 333.
ḫ consonantal (ɜḫ.t)
Exs. Louvre C65, 26, nr. 44.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 45, nr. 117 (acrophony, sic.)
š consonantal (šɜ).
Exs. Parennefer (= Darnell 2004, pl. 1B). Djehuty H1, 4, 5;
Djehuty H2, 9. Louvre C65, 26, nrs. 28, 57.
Bib. Darnell 2004, 22; Manassa 2004, 606; Espinel 2010, 333.

M9
nḥb(.t)
logogram (Wb II, 294.2–3).
Exs. Müller-Roth 2008, 146 (7c), 457.

M9.1 + M11
tɜ.wy metonymy (heraldic plants of Upper and Lower
Egypt).
Exs. SETY, Protocol B; Protocol C.
Bib. Drioton 1936a, 3, c.

M9.2
ᶜnḫ class (plants with three shoots, M2↑) + rebus /
logogram (Wb I, 203–204, a kind of plant)
Exs. Nefertari.
Bib. Taterka 2015, 80.

M12
ḫ consonantal (ḫɜ).
Exs. NUT, § 49; 131. Parennefer (= Darnell 2004, pl. 1B).
Khaemhat, 4, nr. 9; 6, nr. 85. Neferrenpet, 21, nr. 22.
Louvre C65, 27, nr. 79.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 45, nr. 118 (acrophony, sic.); Fairman
1945, 76; Darnell 2004, 22, 68, n. 144; Manassa 2004,
606.

M12 (6 ×)
sš sportive: “six ḫɜ-plants” + consonantal (sjs, “six” ~
Coptic ⲤⲞⲞⲨ, Wb IV, 40.7 + M12↑, ḫ) + phonetic (ḫ ~ š)
Exs. Louvre C65, 26, nr. 5.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 45, nr. 119.

M13
wḏ consonantal (wɜḏ); also cf. M17↓
Exs. NUT, § 64; 127; 130; x + 16.
Bib. see M17↓

M13 + M127
tɜ.wy metonymy (heraldic plants of Upper and Lower
Egypt); also cf. M15↓ + M137
Exs. DAY, 356, 9; 405, 8. RII, Luxor 30 (= Darnell 2004, pl.
1A). SETY, Protocol A. Also cf. M9.1↑ + M11.
Bib. Drioton 1936a, 3 (c); Drioton 1940, 324–325; Fairman
1945, 100.

M15
ɜḫ logogram (Wb I, 13.3–6, et al.)
Exs. RII, Protocols D, E. SETY, Gurna 2.
Bib. Drioton 1936a, 8–9 (d); Drioton 1940, 310; Gardiner
1957, 481
ḫ consonantal (ɜḫ↑)
Exs. Louvre C65, 26, nr. 61.
Bib. Drioton 1933, 45, nr. 120 (from ḫɜ, sic.).
š class + shape (M8↑, plants with three large, rising
stalks) / phonetic (ḫ ~ š)
Exs. RRI IX, 69, 9.
Bib. Jansen-Winkeln 2007, 113–114, 28.
tɜ.wy class (M13↑ + M127: ) + synecdoche (whole for
part).
Exs. AOTSB, 105, 1.
Bib. Roberson 2013, 107 (b).

M15 + M137
šmᶜ mḥw
metonymy (heraldic plants of southern and northern
Egypt; paired with E1↑ = ḥnw.t šmᶜ mḥw, “Mistress of
the South and North”).
Exs. Nefertari // alternately, read as tɜ.wy↓
Bib. Taterka 2015, 79.
tɜ.wy // metonymy / class (M13↑ + M127; paired with E1↑ =
nb.t tɜ.wy, “Mistress of the Two Lands” +
determinatives B23.1↑ [nb.t] and N23 + N23
[tɜ.wy])
Exs. // Nefertari; also cf. šmᶜ mḥw↑
Bib. see M13↑ + M127.

M16
j // class (M17↓ / cryptic M2↑: ); in J(w)nw, perhaps
also read as sportive plural: j.w > jw.
Exs. Neferrenpet, 21, nr. 14 (in Jwnw). Louvre C65, 29, nr.
19.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 45, nr. 121 (acrophony).
ḥ consonantal (ḥɜ).
Exs. AOTSB, 101, 3 (?). BC, pl. 150, nr. 36 (1, 4) (= WHb, 418,
 7).
Bib. Werning 2008, 144; Roberson 2013, 104 (p).

M17
ɜ phonetic (j ~ ɜ).
Exs. BSOU, pl. 5C, 8. DAY, 142, 8.
Bib. Darnell 2004, 74–75; Manassa 2004, 606; Müller-Roth
2008, 147 (7g).
wḏ class (M13↑: ); consonantal (wɜḏ).
Exs. BG, 193, 1, 2, 4, 6 (= Manassa 2006, Text C).
Bib. Zeidler 1999, vol. 2, 144; Manassa 2006, 112, 120 (d).
b class (cryptic M2↑: , b).
Exs. NIGHT, 153, 1, 2 (= Roberson 2020b, § 3, a).
Bib. Darnell 2004, 9, n. 39; Manassa 2004, 606.
r phonetic (j ~ r).
Exs. AMD, 202, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9; 213, 2, 3, 5, 8, 10, 11; 217, 2, 3, 5,
7, 9, 10; 382, 3, 5; 397, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 12; 442, 3,
5, 6, 11, 12; 435, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11; 446, 1, 5, 6, 8;
447, 3, 5, 6, 8, 11; 539, 2, 5, 9.
Bib. Fairman 1945, 64 (i); Darnell 2004, 62, n. 120; Werning
2008, 145.
ḥ(n) class (ḥ: M16↑: ; ḥn: M2↑: ).
Exs. BC, pl. LXXVIII, nr. 21 (1) (= WHb, 254, 2). BSOU, pls.
18B (first dome, T4); 24, 28; 30, 6 (right).
Bib. Darnell 2004, 263; Manassa 2004, 606; Werning 2008,
145 (reading: ḥn).
ḫ class (M12↑: ) + consonantal.
Exs. BSOU, pls. 21, 10, 20; 24, 16; 28A, 5, 10; 28B, 6, 12; 30, 2
(right).
Bib. Darnell 2004, 68, n. 144; 181, 227; Manassa 2004, 606.
s(w) class (M23↓: ) + consonantal.
Exs. BSOU, pls. 21, 50; 22B, 4.
Bib. Darnell 2004, 187–188; Manassa 2004, 607.

M17.1
j class (M17↑: ).
Exs. BE, 306/4, x + 8. BSOU, pl. 33; Ramesses IX passim.
Bib. Darnell 2004, 8, 294; Manassa 2004, 607; Roberson
2012, 98.
sw class (M23↓: ).
Exs. BSOU, pl. 33.
Bib. see j ↑

M17.1 + M17.1
y see M17.1↑
Exs. BE, 306/4, x + 1, x + 2, x + 10.
Bib. see M17.1↑
M17.2
j variant M17.1↑
Exs. BC, pl. CXLVIII, nr. 19 (= WHb, 400, 1); CXLIX, nr. 23 (1)
(= WHb, 404, 3).
Bib. see M17.1↑

M17.2 + M17.2
y variant M17.1↑
Exs. BC, pl. LXX, 1 (= WHb, 264, 2). BE, 305/3, 1; 306/4, x + 19
Bib. see M17.1↑

M17.3
j variant M17↑
Exs. BSOU, pl. 9B, 8, 9.
Bib. see M17.1↑

M18
jn class (walking objects, W25↓: ).
Exs. Sethe 1908, 10*.
Bib. Darnell 2004, 75–76, n. 186; Manassa 2004, 607.

M22
j class (tall plants, M17↑: ).
Exs. BE, 305/3, 1.
Bib. Roberson 2012, 98.

M23
j class (M17↑: ).
Exs. DAY, 331, 7.
Bib. Müller-Roth 2008, 335, nr. 314.
rsj synecdoche (part for whole, M24: ).
Exs. AOTSB, 79, 6; 82, 4. NIGHT, see s↓
Bib. Roberson 2013, 79 (a).
s consonantal (sw).
Exs. NIGHT, 153, 1, 2 (= Roberson 2020b, § 1, j).
Bib. Drioton 1942, 90, 99, No 76.

M29
ḥ shape (V28↓: ).
Exs. BSOU, pl. 20, 1, 4 (right).
Bib. Darnell 2004, 233; Manassa 2004, 607.

M31
rd logogram (Wb II, 462–463).
Exs. BG, 200 (bottom), 1, 2, 3, 4 (= Manassa 2006, Text P).
Bib. Manassa 2006, 135.
M31.1–3 , ,
variants M31↑

M44
srt rebus (Wb IV, 190–191).
Exs. Djehuty H1, 4.
Bib. Espinel 2010, 333.
tp shape + phonetic (jdb, N21↓: ); shape / class (sharp
things, T8: ).
Exs. AOTSB, 89, 2. BC, pl. LX, 5 (see N35a↓)
Bib. Klotz 2012b, 23, n. 22; Roberson 2013, 90–91 (d).
dwɜ(?) shape (X8: ) + consonantal back-formation (dj >
dwɜ).
Exs. NUT, § 30 (uncertain).
Bib. Klotz 2011a, 481.

M105
j class (M17↑: ).
Exs. BC, pl. CXLVI, nr. 2 (1) (= WHb, 374, 2).
Bib. see M17↑

M105 + M105
y class (M17 + M17↑: ).
Exs. BC, pl. CXLVI, nr. 1 (1) (= WHb, 374, 3).
Bib. see M17↑

M107
Ideogram: [Underworld begins]
Exs. BE, 132 (fig. 5.1, bottom left).
Bib. Roberson 2012, 98 and n. 262, 134 and nn. 45–48.

M112
ḫ part for whole (M12↑: ).
Exs. Parennefer (= Darnell 2004, pl. 1B).
Bib. Fairman 1945, 76; Darnell 2004, 22; Manassa 2004, 606.

M127 + M13
see M13↑ + M127.

M134
ḥɜ class / part for whole (M16: ).
Exs. AOTSB, 65, 5, 6.
Bib. Roberson 2013, 74 (r).

M134.1
ḥɜ variant M134↑
M137 + M15
see M15↑ + M137

M139
Determinative: bj.tj
Heraldic plants of LE.
Exs. SETY, Protocol A.
Bib. see A45↑

M140
Determinative: njsw.t
Heraldic plants of UE.
Exs. SETY, Protocol A.
Bib. see A43↑
N Earth, sky, and water
N1
p(w) consonantal (p.t).
Exs. AMD, 435, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11. BG, 197, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
(= Manassa 2006, Text N). DAY, 126, 1, 2, 3, 4; 175,
1/Ga; 281, 1. NIGHT, 152, 4, 5 (= Roberson 2020b, § 1,
d); 154, 1, 2 (= Roberson 2020b, § 5, e); 155, 2 (=
Roberson 2020b, § 9, a, § 10, d).
Bib. Drioton 1942, 105, Nos 4, 71, 89, 106, 112B, 114;
Darnell 2004, 8, n. 30; Manassa 2004, 607; Manassa
2006, 132 (c); Müller-Roth 2008, 457.
n shape + class (N35↓: ).
Exs. AOTSB, 65, 4.
Bib. Roberson 2013, 68–69 (f).
ḥr(j) logogram (Wb III, 133–136).
Exs. AMD, 348, 2, 3, 4, 7; 351, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10; 382, 3, 5, 7,
11, 12; 352, 7; 424, 1, 2 (2 ×), 3, 4, 5 (2 ×); 432, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 8; 445, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11; 696, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9;
792, 1, 2, 3 (2 ×), 4 (2 ×), 5 (2 ×), 6 (2 ×), 7 (2 ×); and
passim. AOTSB, 93, 4; 105, 4. DAY, 171, 1; 281, 1.
ḥtp shape (R4↓: ).
Exs. AMD, 432, 2 (“sic”). AOTSB, 89, 1.
Bib. Roberson 2013, 91 (f).
N1 + N8
wbn direct (sun “rising” above sky); logogram (Wb I, 292–
293)
Exs. DAY, 142, 1, 2.
Bib. Drioton 1942, 102, No 28.

N1 + C98a

nb p.t see C98a↑ + N1.

N1 + N33a
tɜ class + shape (N16: ).
Exs. NIGHT, 153, 3 (= Roberson 2020b, § 3, b).
Bib. Roberson 2020b, nn. 89–90.

N3b
kkw class (N46b: ) + logogram (Wb V, 142–144).
Exs. NIGHT, 154, 1, 2 (= Roberson 2020b, § 5, e).
Bib. Roberson 2020b, nn. 125–130.

N5
jr(t) // thematic (jr.t, “eye,” and jrw, “form,” of the sun);
shape (D12↑: ) / part for whole (D4↑: )+
consonantal back-formation (rᶜ); cf. r↓
Exs. AMD, 286, 7; 558, 6; 686, 7; 689, 7; 807, 2. BG, 198, 1 (=
 Manassa 2006, Text J); 200 (bottom), 1 (= Manassa
2006, Text P).
Bib. see D12↑
wbn class (N8↑: ).
Exs. DAY, 128, 6 (2 ×).
Bib. Müller-Roth 2008, 457.
wnw.t logogram (Wb I, 316–317).
Exs. BSOU, pl. 24, 28; 25, 41 (= 5, middle).
Bib. Darnell 2004, 4; Manassa 2004, 607.
m direct (sun as the mr.t, “eye” of the solar deity, Wb II,
107.10–13, dets. , ) + consonantal // shape +
consonantal (cryptic D12↑, mɜɜ).
Exs. Louvre C65, 26, nrs. 15, 18; 29, nr. 40.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 45, nr. 122.
n shape (cryptic D12↑)
Exs. Louvre C65, 26, nrs. 27, 60; 28, nr. 3; 29, nr. 33.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 45, nr. 122.
r consonantal (rᶜ); cf. also D12↑; as phonetic
complement, cf. also M4↑ + N5
Exs. Louvre C65, 26, nr. 18.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 45, nr. 122.
ḥrj // direct (“he who is above”).
Exs. AMD, 356, 2, 3 (3 ×), 5 (3 ×), 6 (3 ×).
Bib. Hornung 1963, 83, nrs. 280–282 (without comment).
ḥḏ logogram (Wb III, 206–208).
Exs. BSOU, pl. 21, 22.
Bib. Darnell 2004, 181; Manassa 2004, 607.
ḫ shape (Aa1↓: ).
Exs. BG, 199, 1 (= Manassa 2006, Text I).
Bib. Manassa 2006, 127 (a).
ḫnt // logogram + consonantal (ḫnt.t, a goddess associated
with Re, Wb III, 286.14).
Exs. Louvre C65, 26, nr. 33.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 45, nr. 122 (mechanism unknown).
t shape (cryptic D12↑)
Exs. Louvre C65, 26, nrs. 18, 27.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 45, nr. 122.

N5 + N5
mɜɜ shape (D12↑ + D12: ) // thematic (the solar disc ~
eye of Horus, in a speech of Horus to the Damned);
also cf. H16↑ + H16.
Exs. AMD, 785, 7.
Bib. see D12↑ + D12.

N5 + E22
m ẖrt hrw
see E22↑ + N5.
N5 + E23
rᶜ-nb see E23↑ + N5.

N6
psḏ // shape + class (N9: ).
Exs. BC, pl. 4, 4 (= WHb, 10, 1); XCL, 8 (2 ×) (= WHb, 308, 25).

N6b
njsw.t-bj.tj
metonymy (paired uraei = emblems of dual kingship).
Exs. RII, Protocol E. Djehuty H2, 8.
Bib. Drioton 1936a, 10–11 (f); Espinel 2010, 318 (aa), 333.

N8
ɜḫ logogram (jɜḫw, Wb I, 33.3–5) + consonantal.
Exs. BG, 197, 1, 2, 3, 5 (= Manassa 2006, Text L); 200
(bottom), 1, 2, 3, 4 (= Manassa 2006, Text P). Louvre
C65, 29, nr. 16.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 45, nr. 123; Manassa 2006, 112.
wbn logogram (Wb I, 292–293).
Exs. BG, 198, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6 (= Manassa 2006, Text N).
ḥḏ(w) logogram (Wb III, 206–208).
Exs. AMD, 374, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 12.
Bib. Hornung 1963, 88.
N8 + N1
see N1↑ + N8.

N11
ḥrj sportive (moon ~ “that which is above”); also cf. N62↓
Exs. Urk. IV, 48, 15.
Bib. Seidlmayer 1991, 325 (e).

N14
nṯr metonymy (emblem of divinity) // note: value only
otherwise attested from Greco-Roman period (Wb, II,
358); for a less problematic derivation, cf. sb↓
Exs. DAY, 126, 1 (3 ×=nṯr.w), 2 (3 ×), 3 (3 ×); 175, 1/Ga (4 ×);
281, 1 (4 ×). NIGHT, 152, 4, 5 (note: reading excluded
on syntactic grounds; cf. sb↓)
Bib. Drioton 1942, 103, Nos 3, 70, 113, 127; Müller-Roth
2008, 457; for caveats, cf. Roberson 2020b, nn. 31–32.
ḫᶜj direct (“rising” star).
Exs. SETY, Protocol B. Abydos 1, 1 (= Lurson 2017, 227–228,
a; cf. also dj↓).
Bib. Drioton 1936a, 5 (a).
sb logogram (sbɜ, Wb IV, 82–83) + consonantal.
Exs. NIGHT, 152, 4, 5 (= Roberson 2020b, § 1, c).
Neferrenpet, 21, nr. 18 (in msb ~ msw, “bring,” Wb II,
125, Dyn. 18, as rebus for msw, “child”). DAY, probably
also examples cited as nṯr↑
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 45, nr. 124 (reading s, by acrophony);
Roberson 2020b, nn. 33–36.
sk logogram (Wb IV, 311.7–9).
Exs. Djehuty H2, 9 (?). MMA Palette, 17, nr. 80.
Bib. Espinel 2010, 318 (ae), 333 (author’s alternate
interpretation as s < sbɜ is implausible, demanding
recourse to acrophony; cf. sb↑).
dj direct (djw, “five”) + consonantal.
Exs. Abydos 1, 1 (= Klotz 2012b, 24, a; cf. also ḫᶜj↑).
Bib. Klotz 2012b, 24 (a).

N16
n shape; class (N35↓: ).
Exs. BSOU, pl. 30, 6 (right).
Bib. Darnell 2004, 203, n. 162, 261, n. 404; Manassa 2004,
608.
s shape (O34↓: ); cf. also N18↓: .
Exs. AMD, 597, 3, 10.
t consonantal (tɜ).
Exs. BSOU, pls. 5C, 22; 14, 3 (bottom); 23, 28. Parennefer (=
Darnell 2004, pls. 1B, 1C).
Bib. Darnell 2004, 22, n. 35; Manassa 2004, 608.

N17
variant N18↓
N17 + N21 + Z1
t consonantal (tɜ).
Exs. BE, 303/1, x + 4.
Bib. Roberson 2012, 98 and n. 263.

N17 + C98a

nb p.t see C98a↑ + N17.

N18
ɜḫ.t class (N27↓: ).
Exs. AOTSB, 101, 2 (2 × = dual). BC, pl. CXLV, 5, 7 (= WHb,
468, 19).
Bib. Roberson 2013, 103–04 (o).
w class (N18↓) + consonantal (jw).
Exs. NIGHT, 153, 4 (= Roberson 2020b, § 3, g, n. 105,
reading n↓).
Bib. Darnell 2004, 54.
j consonantal (jw).
Exs. BSOU, pl. 23, 43.
Bib. Fairman 1945, 68; Darnell 2004, 204; Manassa 2004,
608
b class (N21↓: ) // shape (F18: ) + logogram (bjɜ,
Wb I, 436, 439.6–8) + consonantal; also cf. N18 + N21 +
Z1↓
Exs. BC, pl. LXII, 1 (= WHb, 236, 18); pl. CL, nr. 37 (= WHb,
418, 8).
Bib. Darnell 2004, 256–57; Manassa 2004, 608; Werning
2008, 138 (reading as D210↑) and 145.
m class + shape (N36↓: ) + consonantal (mj).
Exs. BSOU, pl. 4C.
Bib. Darnell 2004, 39–40, 52–54; Manassa 2004, 608.
n shape + class (N35↓: ).
Exs. NIGHT, 153, 3, 4 (2 ×) (= Roberson 2020b, § 3, f–g; also
cf. w↑ and r↓)
Bib. Darnell 2004, 21, n. 31; Manassa 2004, 608; Roberson
2020b, n. 105.
r shape (D21: ) + phonetic (jw ~ r).
Exs. NIGHT, 153, 3, 4 (= Roberson 2020b, § 3, f; also cf. n↑)
s shape (O34↓: ); cf. also N16↑
Exs. AMD, 597, 6.
š shape + class (N37↓).
Exs. DAY, 293, 4. // Note: cryptic value unnecessary in
context. Read as jw.
Bib. Drioton 1942, 96, 100, No 130; Darnell 2004, 39–40 and
n. 12; cf. Müller-Roth 2008, 295, 4a (reading:
conventional value, as jw).
t consonantal (tɜ↓).
Exs. BC, pl. CL, nrs. 36 (RVI) (= WHb, 418, 7), 37 (= WHb, 418,
8). Khaemhat, 4, nr. 9.
tɜ shape + class (N16↑: ).
Exs. BSOU, pl. 4, C. DAY, 143, 4.
Bib. Darnell 2004, 52 (b)–54 (but note preferred reading as
w); Müller-Roth 2008, 458.

N18 + N21 + Z1
jw rebus (Wb I, 47.6–11).
Exs. NIGHT, 153, 3, 4 (= Roberson 2020b, § 3, f; also cf. b↓);
153, 5 (= Roberson 2020b, § 5, a).
Bib. Drioton 1942, 91, 103, No 85.
b Cryptic N18↑: , b + determinatives.
Exs. NIGHT, 153, 3, 4 (= Roberson 2020b, § 3, f; also cf. jw↑).
Bib. See N18↑: , b.

N18 + Z1
variant N18 + N21 + Z1↑

N18 + N33a
t class (N16↑: ) + consonantal (tɜ).
Exs. AOTSB, 65, 7, 8.
Bib. Fairman 1945, 78; Roberson 2013, 74 (q).

N18 + Z2
t class / variant N18 + N33a↑
Exs. AOTSB, 65, 5, 6.
Bib. see N18 + N32↑

N19
ɜḫ.tj Dual construction with N.18↑

N21
jwf // shape (F51↑: ).
Exs. AMD, 446, 6.
m class (N36↓: ) + consonantal (mr).
Exs. Khaemhat, 4, nr. 3; 5, nrs. 51, 59, 68; 7, nr. 117.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 10, 41, nr. 80 (acrophony); Darnell 2004,
52–54; Manassa 2004, 608.
tp logogram (jdb, Wb I, 153.2) + consonantal + phonetic
Exs. NUT, § x + 75.
Bib. Klotz 2011a, 483; Werning 2004, 198 (reading: dp).

N21 + N17 + Z1
see N17↑ + N21 + Z1

N23
p // shape (Q3↓: ).
Exs. BC, pl. LXII, 4 (= WHb, 236, 19).
Bib. Darnell 256–257, n. 384.

N25
ḏw class (N26↓: ).
Exs. BC, pls. LXII, 1 (= WHb, 236, 18; MLEU, pl. 288A, 6).
BSOU, pls. 30, 3 (right) (2 ×); 30, 2 (left). RRI IX 69, 5 (in
wnḏw).
Bib. Drioton 1942, 101, Nos 5, 72, 81, 115; Darnell 2004,
242–42; Manassa 2004, 609.

N25 + N25
jmn.tj logogram (jmn.t, Wb I, 86–87) + written twice, as
false dual/nisbe construction.
Exs. NIGHT, 153, 3, 4 (= Roberson 2020b, § 3, d).

N26
m consonantal (mn↓)
Exs. Neferrenpet, 21, nr. 9.
Bib. see mn↓
mn logogram (Wb II, 64.13–15, Dyn. 19/20; also cf. mn.t,
Wb II, 69.3–6, in dual, Greco-Roman).
Exs. Louvre C65, 30, nr. 62.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 45, nr. 125 (< mn.t); Fairman 1943, 236,
nr. 239 (e) (< mn.t).
mr class (N25↑: ) + logogram (mrw, Wb II, 109.5–8) //
consonantal back-formation (m↑)
Exs. Louvre C65, 28, nrs. 6, 9.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 45, nr. 125.
ḫɜs.t class (N25↑: ).
Exs. Djehuty H1, 1 (?).
Bib. Drioton 1942, 100, No 118; Espinel 2010, 333.
t consonantal (ḏw) + phonetic (ḏ ~ t).
Exs. BC, pl. CXLVI, nr. 5 (1, 2, 3) (= WHb, 380, 4: reading d↓).
BG, 193, 2, 4, 6 (= Manassa 2006, Text C).
Bib. Manassa 2006, 118 (a)–119.
d consonantal (ḏw) + phonetic (ḏ ~ d).
Exs. AMD, 661, 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9. BC, pl. CXLVI, nr. 5 (1, 2, 3)
(= WHb, 380, 4). Louvre C65, 27, nr. 63.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 45, nr. 125; Fairman 1945, 65 (b), 78–79;
Werning 2004, 189; Werning 2008, 145.

N26 + A87
nḏ see A87↑ + N26.

N27
jw class (N18↑: ).
Exs. NIGHT, 152, 4, 5 (= Roberson 2020b, § 1, g).

N28
ḫ consonantal (ḫᶜj).
Exs. Djehuty H1, 4 (?).
Bib. Espinel 2010, 334.

N29
ḫnt shape (F63↑: ).
Exs. AOTSB, 101, 2.
Bib. Roberson 2013, 103 (k); also see F63↑

N31
ḥm shape (N41: , high corners, central depression).
Exs. NUT, § 155 (in ḥmsj).
ḥr shape (N1↑: ).
Exs. AMD, 358, 2, 3, 7, 9, 11, 12; 362, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12;
376, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 12; 399, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 11; 470, 2, 3,
4, 5, 7, 8, 10; 563, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11; 597, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9,
10; 626, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 10; 630, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 10; 655, 1 (2 ×),
2 (2 ×), 3 (2 ×), 4 (2 ×), 5 (2 ×), 6, 8 (2 ×); 696, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6,
7, 9; 709, 2 (2 ×), 3 (2 ×), 5 (2 ×), 7 (2 ×), 8 (2 ×); 710, 2 (2
×), 3 (2 ×), 5 (2 ×), 6, 7, 8 (2 ×); 711, 1, 2 (2 ×), 3 (2 ×), 5 (2
×), 6 (2 ×), 7 (2 ×), 8 (2 ×); and passim. AOTSB, 101, 2. BC,
pls. XII, 4 (= WHb, 50, 7); XIII, 3 (= WHb, 54, 43); XV, 3 (=
WHb, 64, 1) ; XXII, 6 (= WHb, 90, 18); XXIII, 2 (= WHb, 92,
24); XLV, 6 (= WHb, 186, 12); XLVI, 2, 6 (= WHb, 188, 5,
9); XLVII, 8 (2 ×) (= WHb, 194, 6); LXXVII, nrs. 14 (1, 2, 3)
(2 × each) (= WHb, 248, 1), 15 (1, 2, 3) (2 × each) (= WHb,
248, 2), 16 (1, 2, 3) (= WHb, 248, 3); LXXVII, nr. 17 (1, 2,
3, 4, 5, 6) (= WHb, 248, 4); LXXIX, nr. 30 (1, [2], 3) (2 ×
each) (= WHb, 274, 3); CXV, 2 (= WHb, 358, 10); CXL, 9
(= WHb, 450, 36); CXLIV, 9 (= WHb, 470, 8); CXLV, 5, 7 (=
WHb, 468, 19); CXLVII, nr. 10 (= WHb, 390, 4). BE, 176, 2
(bottom, cursive); 304/2, 3. NIGHT (RLdN2), 83 (nr. 2),
2; 84 (nr. 2), 4; 108 (nr. 17), 2; 167, 1. NUT, § 152; x + 6;
x + 13; x + 61. Djehuty H2, 7. Louvre C65, 30, nr. 47.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 45, nr. 126; Hornung 1967, 84 (284);
Darnell 2004, 66–67; Werning 2008, 146; Espinel 2010,
334; Roberson 2012, 98 and n. 264, 176, n. 327 (cursive
variant); Roberson 2013, 103–04 (o).

N32
w shape (Z7↓: ).
Exs. AOTSB, 105, 1.
Bib. Roberson 2013, 109 (g), n. 523.

N34a?
tp // shape (D153: ); part for whole (D1: ).
Exs. BC, pl. LX, 8 (= WHb, 236, 15: reading dp).

N35
jwtj back-formation < negative arms (jwtj, D35↑: ) as
writing of n.
Exs. AMD, 357, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 9, 12; 378, 2, 3, 5, 9, 11, 12.
Bib. Hornung 1963, 83 (nrs. 280–282, without comment).
ᶜnḏ shape (V26: ).
Exs. NUT, § x + 7.
Bib. Vikentiev 1943, 128–129.
bj.tj back formation < red crown (bj.tj, S3↓: ) as writing
of n.
Exs. AOTSB, 65, 2.
Bib. Roberson 2013, 69–70 (h); also see S.3↓
r hieratic (D21: ) // note: similarity evident mainly
in ligatures, cf. Möller 1927, 66, nr. XXIX, Petoere,
Harris Th.: , [ ] vs. ibid, nr. XXX: , [ ].
Exs. BSOU, pl. 30, 4. NIGHT, 153, 1, 2 (= Roberson 2020b, §
3, a)
Bib. Darnell 2004, 9, n. 39; Manassa 2004, 609.
t consonantal (tɜ↓).
Exs. BG, 192, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (= Manassa 2006, Text A). NUT, § 30
(uncertain).
Bib. Darnell 2004, 9, n. 39; Manassa 2004, 609; Manassa
2006, 115 (c)–116, n. 51; Klotz 2011a, 481.
tɜ shape; class (N16↑: ).
Exs. AOTSB, 110, 1. BG, 63, 1, 2, 3, 6. DAY, 281, 1 (3 ×).
Bib. Müller-Roth 2008, 286 (2a), 459; Roberson 2013, 110–
109 (b), and n. 526.
Determinative: bjɜ.t
shape (F18: ).
Exs. DAY, 143, 1.
Bib. Müller-Roth 2008, 458.

N35a
m consonantal (mw).
Exs. AMD, 347, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 11; 349, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 11;
377, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 12. NUT, § 55; 56; 61; 69; 157; § x +
 5; § x + 35; § x + 37; § x + 54; § x + 71; § x + 75.
Bib. Yoyotte 1955, 86–87; Werning 2008, 146.
n synecdoche (whole for part, N35↑: ).
Exs. Djehuty H1, 2 (2 ×); Djehuty H2, 1, 2 (2 ×), 3 (3 ×), 4 (2 ×),
5 (2 ×), 6 (4 ×), 8 (3 ×), 9.
Bib. Espinel 2010,308 (d.1), 334 (as “substitution of
shape”).

N36
wɜ.t class + shape (N31↑: ).
Exs. Djehuty H1, 3.
Bib. Espinel 2010, 334.
m consonantal (mr).
Exs. AMD, 371, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11. AOTSB, 97, 1; 110, 1.
BSOU, pl. 5B, 20. NUT, § 54. Louvre C65, 26, nrs. 38, 56.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 46, nr. 128; Fairman 1945, 62 (i);
Werning 2008, 146; Roberson 2013, 100 (h).
n class (N35↑: ) / phonetic (m↑) / logogram +
consonantal (nwj, Wb II, 221.4–18).
Exs. Djehuty H1, 2 (2 ×); Djehuty H2, 1, 2 (2 ×), 3 (3 ×), 4 (2 ×),
5 (2 ×), 6 (4 ×), 8 (3 ×), 9. Khaemhat, 5, nr. 62. Louvre
C65, 26, nr. 55; 27, nr. 73; 30, nr. 58.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 46, nr. 128; Espinel 2010, 311 (u), 334.
š class (N37↓: ).
Exs. Djehuty H1, 2.
Bib. Espinel 2010, 309 (g), 334.
Determinative: ḏ.t
class (N18↑: ).
Exs. AOTSB, 105, 1.
Bib. Roberson 2013, 109 (h).

N36 + D36
m see D36+N36↑

N37
j class (N18↑: ) +consonantal (jw↓).
Exs. BSOU, pl. 9A, 25.
Bib. Darnell 2004, 39–40, 52–54; Manassa 2004, 609.
jw class (N18↑: ).
Exs. BSOU, pl. 4B.
Bib. Darnell 2004, 39–40; Manassa 2004, 609.
p shape (Q3↓: ).
Exs. BG, 193, 4, 6 (= Manassa 2006, Text C).
Bib. Darnell 2004, 21, n. 31; Manassa 2004, 609; Manassa
2006, 112.
m shape + class (N36↑: ); consonantal (mr).
Exs. BSOU, pl. 15 (mummiform deity in barque); 22A (left).
Louvre C65, 26, nr. 53.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 46, nr. 129; Darnell 2004, 39–40, 52–54;
Manassa 2004, 609.
n class (N35↑: ).
Exs. BSOU, pl. 18A (second dome, B3).
Bib. Darnell 2004, 39–40, 170, n. 31; Manassa 2004, 609.
ḥtp shape (X4↓: ) + logogram (“offering” loaf, Wb III,
183.9–12) / shape (R4↓: ).
Exs. DAY, 143, 4 (3 ×).
Bib. Müller-Roth 2008, 15 (16b).
ḫ phonetic (š ~ ḫ < ẖ↓).
Exs. MMA palette, 16, nr. 50.
ẖ phonetic (š ~ ẖ).
Exs. AMD, 124, 1, 3, 4, 5, 7. BC, pl. LXIII, 1 (= WHb, 238, 27);
CXLIX, nr. 25 (P, O) (?) (= WHb, 410, 1); MLEU, pl. 288B
(CG), 3. BSOU, pls. 5C, 8; 7A, 1; 7B, 1; 8, 8; 9A, 4;
Tutankhamun and Ramesses VI passim.
Bib. Fairman 1945, 76; Darnell 2004, 34; Manassa 2004, 610;
Werning 2008, 146.
s phonetic (š ~ s) // synecdoche (part for whole, cryptic
S28: ).
Exs. AMD, 372, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12; 561, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9; 597,
2 (2 ×), 3 (2 ×), 4 (2 ×), 5, 7, 8 (2 ×), 10; 627, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9,
10; 776, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8; 779, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. BC, pl.
LXXIII, 3, 4, 5 (= WHb, 270, 1); LXXVI, nr. 2 (= WHb, 240,
1); LXXVII, nr. 12 (2) (= WHb, 246, 3); LXXIX, nr. 28 (1, 2,
3) (= WHb, 274, 1); CXLVII, nr. 14 (1) (= WHb, 396, 1).
BG, 193, 2 (= Manassa 2006, Text C). BSOU, pls. 4B; 4C;
7A, 6; 7B, 3; 15 (Isis in the barque); 24, 28.
Bib. Fairman 1945, 65 (c); Darnell 2004, 53; Manassa 2004,
610; Werning 2008, 131, 146.
ṯ shape (V13↓: ).
Exs. BC, LXXVII, nr. 16 (2, 3) (= WHb, 148, 3).

N37 + Z1a
ẖ variant N37↑: .
Exs. BE, 305/3, 2.
Bib. see N37↑

N38
ẖ phonetic (š↓ ~ ẖ).
Exs. BE, 307/5, 2.
Bib. see š↓
š class (N37: ).
Exs. BE, 304/2, 2, 14.
Bib. Darnell 2004, 53, n. 85; Roberson 2012, 98 and n. 265.
? unknown.
Exs. BE, 304/2, x + 12, x + 13.
Bib. see š↑

N62
ḥrj sportive (moon ~ “that which is above”); also cf. N11↑
Exs. Frankfurt palette.
Bib. Seidlmayer 1991, 321, 325–327 (e).
N124
mry class (pools, canals, N36: ).
Exs. SETY, Gurna 5.
Bib. Drioton 1940, 311.
O Buildings and their parts
O1
p consonantal (pr // note: derivation questinable; on
analogy with other words exhibiting final weak –r, cf.
strong value in Coptic reflexes SⲠⲢⲢⲈ, SⲠⲈⲒⲢⲈ, BⲪⲒⲢⲒ,
Wb I, 518) // shape (Q3↓: / cryptic O4↓: ).
Exs. AOTSB, 101, 1, 2. BG, 193, 1 (= Manassa 2006, Text C).
BSOU, pls. 7B, 1; 23, 74.
Bib. Darnell 2004, 88; Manassa 2004, 610; Roberson 2013,
102 (f), nn. 480–481.
h class + shape (O4↓: ).
Exs. BE, 304/2, 12 (?); 306/4, x + 8, x + 19.
Bib. Roberson 2012, 99 and n. 266.

O1.1
variant O1↑

O4
p class (O1↑: ); consonantal (pr, but cf. comments in
O1↑); shape (Q3↓: ).
Exs. BSOU, pl. 30, 5, 6 (right).
Bib. Darnell 2004, 263, n. 410; Manassa 2004, 610.

O4b
wsḫ class + shape (O13a: )
Exs. MMA Palette, 17, nr. 59.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 46, nr. 130.

O6
p class (O1↑: ) + consonantal; shape / synecdoche
(whole for part, Q3↓: ).
Exs. Hintze and Reineke 1989, 160, nr. 529.
Bib. Darnell 2004, 2, n. 7; Manassa 2004, 610.
ḥr consonantal (ḥw.t) + phonetic (ḥw ~ ḥr).
Exs. SETY, Gurna 10. RII, Luxor unnumbered (2 ×).
Bib. Drioton 1940, 311; Boraik 2008, 134.

O6 + A40
see A40 + O6↑.

O6 + A93
see A93 + O6↑.

O6 + A296b
see A296b.1 + O6↑.

O6 + S55
pr-mḏɜ.t
 class (O1: ) + logogram (mḏɜ.t, “medjat-crown,” for
references, see Bib.↓).
Exs. Abydos 1, 2 (= Lurson 2017, 227; cf. determinative↓).
Bib. Lurson 2017, 230 (k.2), and n. 27; for additional
examples of the S55-crown with the value mḏɜ(.t), as
both logogram and rebus, see Gabolde 2015, 168–169.
Determinative: ḏnj.t
class (S3↓); consonantal (ḥw.t + bj.tj > ḥb ~ W3: , as
determinative).
Exs. Abydos, 1, 2 (= Klotz 2012b, 24; cf. pr-mḏɜ.t↑).
Bib. Klotz 2012b, 25 (h).

O6 + V15 + N16
ẖnw antonomasia (Iṯ-Tɜ.wy = the “residence (ẖnw)” during
the Middle Kingdom, Wb I, 150.6; III, 368.18, 369.18–
19).
Exs. NUT, § 55; 56; 61; 69; 157; x + 5; x + 37; x + 54; x + 71; x
+ 75.
Bib. Vikentiev 1943, 119; Fairman 1945, 105, n. 2.

O18
pr class (O1: , a “house” for a divine image)
Exs. Louvre C65, 28, nr. 12.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 46, nr. 131.
ḫm class (O20: , shrines) + logogram (Wb III, 280.10–12).
Exs. AMD, 594, 1, 2.
Bib. Werning 2008, 147.

O20
šty.t logogram (Wb IV, 559.3–21).
Exs. SETY, Protocol B.
Bib. Drioton 1936a, 6 (i).

O20.1 + X1
ḥw.t class + shape (O6↑: ).
Exs. RII, Protocol D.
Bib. Drioton 1936a, 9 (i).

O25
mn logogram (Wb II, 60.6–11, Dyn. 19 and later).
Exs. SETY, Protocols A, B, C. AOTSB, 70, n. 336; 112, 1 (=
SETY, Protocol F). KRI II, 613, 1.
Bib. Drioton 1936a, 3 (e); Étienne-Fart 1994, 138; Roberson
2013, 117 (l), n. 552; Taterka 2015, 77.

O28
ᶜn phonetic (jwn ~ ᶜn).
Exs. NUT, § 49; 131.
Bib. Klotz 2011a, 482.
O29
ᶜr phonetic (ᶜɜ ~ ᶜr).
Exs. AMD, 260, 2.
Bib. Darnell 2004, 186, n. 99; Manassa 2004, 610.

O34
f shape (I9↑: ).
Exs. BSOU, pl. 30, 1, 6 (right).
Bib. Darnell 2004, 231–32; Manassa 2004, 610.
ḥtp shape (R4↓: ); also cf. Y1↓
Exs. BG, 197, 4 (= Manassa 2006, Text N).
Bib. see Y1↓

O35
s consonantal (sj) / synecdoche (whole for part, O34↑:
).
Exs. BC, pls. LX, 5, 7, 8 (= WHb, 236, 15); LXII, 1, 2, 3 (2 ×
each) (= WHb, 236, 17–18; MLEU, pl. 288A, 6). BSOU, pl.
30, 3 (right).
Bib. Fairman 1945, 77; Darnell 2004, 240; Manassa 2004,
611; Werning 2008, 147.

O36a
m // shape (Y5: ) + consonantal (mn).
Exs. Neferrenpet, 21, nr. 19. Louvre C65, 26, nrs. 21, 45; 29,
 nr. 37.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 46, nr. 134 (acrophony); for m(n), see
Fairman 1943, 247, nr. 313.
(m)-ẖnw
class (O1: ) + logogram (Wb III, 368–372).
Exs. BC, pl. LXX, 2, 3 (= WHb, 264, 2).
Bib. Werning 2008, 132 (5), 147.

O38
q shape (triangular corners, N29↑: ).
Exs. BE, 339/28, 5.
Bib. Werning 2008, 147; Roberson 2012, 99 and n. 267.
Ideogram: [Underworld begins]
class + shape (corner of building, sky, N44: ).
Exs. BE, 132 (fig. 5.1, bottom left).
Bib. Roberson 2012, 98 and n. 262, 134 and nn. 45–48.

O39
jnr logogram (Wb I, 97.12–18).
Exs. RII, Luxor unnumbered.
Bib. Boraik 2008, 134–135.
š shape (N37↑: ).
Exs. Djehuty H2, 7.
Bib. Espinel 2010, 334.
O41
t direct (stairs as “ground” for the feet, tɜ-rd.wy, Wb V,
226.2–4) + consonantal (tɜ)
Exs. Louvre C65, 29, nr. 42.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 46, nr. 135.

O41
jᶜr logogram (Wb I, 41.14–24).
Exs. BSOU, pl. 5B, 21.
Bib. Darnell 2004, 63–64; Manassa 2004, 611.

O42
š // in wpš: confusion from the Hieratic (N37: ); cf.
Möller 1927, 30, nr. 335, Harris: [N37] vs. ibid., 33,
nr. 368, Harris: [O42].
Exs. DAY, 282, 7, 8. Note: cryptic value unnecessary; read
in conText as sšp, “shine” (Wb IV, 282–283); also see
comments for D60↑
Bib. Drioton 1942, 99, No 124 (acrophony < šsp); Müller-
Roth 2008, 288 (10b), 458 (acrophony).

O44
jɜ.t // logogram (Wb I, 29.7–11)
Exs. Louvre C65, 26, nr. 9; 28, nr. 5.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 46, nr. 136 (reading y / j only, by
 acrophony).

O48
mɜ shape (cryptic D12↑: ).
Exs. AMD, 116, 11.
Bib. see D12↑
t shape (cryptic D12↑: ).
Exs. BG, 193, 1 (= Manassa 2006, Text C).
Bib. see D12↑

O48.1
Rᶜ shape (N5↑: / cryptic D12↑: ).
Exs. AMD, 116, 11.
Bib. see generally D12↑
Determinative: Rᶜ ?
shape (N5↑: / cryptic D12↑: ).
Exs. AOTSB, 101, 3.
Bib. Roberson 2013, 104 (p); also see generally D12↑

O49
p logogram (Wb I, 489.8) / shape (Q3↓: ).
Exs. DAY, 128, 6; 143, 4. MMA palette, 15, nrs. 3, 6, (=
Darnell 2004, pls. 1D, 2 ×); 16, nr. 50; 17, nr. 56.
Khaemhat, 6, nr. 78. KRI II, 880, 10. Parennefer (=
Darnell 2004, pl. 1E).
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 46, nr. 138; Satzinger 1985, 32; Darnell
2004, 26 (a), 46; Manassa 2004, 611; Müller-Roth 2008,
131 (10b), 458.
nw shape (W24↓: ); consonantal (njw.t).
Exs. Djehuty H1, 4, 5.
Bib. Espinel 2010, 311 (u), 334.
nt consonantal (njw.t).
Exs. AMD 397, 1, 4, 5, 6, 8, 11, 12; 593, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7. 8.
Bib. Werning 2008, 147 (“rebus”).
Rᶜ shape (N5↑: / cryptic D12↑: ).
Exs. BC: MLEU, pl. 288, 5.
Bib. Manassa 2007, vol. 1, 406 (without comment); also see
generally D12↑
t shape (D12↑: ).
Exs. Djehuty H2, 4, 6.
Bib. Espinel 2010, 334; also see generally D12↑

O51a
Determinative: ḏ.t
class (N16↑: / N18↑: ).
Exs. AOTSB, 93, 1. Khaemhat, 8, nr. 142.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 46, nr. 139. Roberson 2013, 96, nn. 452–
453.

O211
w // class, shape (columns, O29: ) + phonetic (ᶜɜ ~ w; cf.
Coptic Ⲟ, Ⲁ-, Wb I, 161.3 ff.).
Exs. Louvre C65, 26, nr. 28.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 46, nr. 132 (acrophony).
P Ships and their parts
P1
ḫt logogram + phonetic (ḫdj, Wb III, 354.9 ff.).
Exs. Louvre C65, 29, nr. 25.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 46, nr. 140.

P1a
jw class (P1: ) + logogram + consonantal (jwj, Wb I,
47.13–15)
Exs. Neferrenpet, 21, nr. 17. Louvre C65, 28, nr. 10.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 46, nr. 141.
ᶜq logogram (ᶜq / ᶜgɜ, Wb I, 234.22 / 235.9).
Exs. Khaemhat, 4, nr. 7; 6, nr. 83.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 46, nr. 141.

P2
ḫntj logogram (Wb III, 309.3–22).
Exs. Ramesses II titulary, Luxor (= Darnell 2004, pl. 1A).
Bib. Darnell 2004, 19; Manassa 2004, 611.

P5
ᶜ direct + consonantal (ᶜɜ, “mast”).
Exs. Djehuty H1, 1 (?); cf.↓
Bib. Espinel 2010, 308 (d.1), 334 (“acrophony,” sic.).
t consonantal (ṯɜw); phonetic (ṯ ~ t).
Exs. Djehuty H1, 1 (?); cf.↑
Bib. see ᶜ ↑

P8
ᶜɜ shape (O29: ).
Exs. AOTSB, 56, 2; 101, 2.
Bib. Roberson 2013, 60 (f).
mdw // shape (S43↓: ).
Exs. BG, 196, 2 (= Manassa 2006, Text F).

P8.1
ᶜɜ see P8↑
m // consonantal (mr↓)
Exs. Khaemhat, 5, nr. 42.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 46, nr. 143 (acrophony).
mr shape (U23: )
Exs. Neferrenpet, 21, nr. 8.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 48, nr. 165.

P11
j // shape (M17↑: ).
Exs. BG, 198, 1, 4, 6 (= Manassa 2006, Text J).
mn logogram (Wb II, 73.13 ff.).
Exs. Khaemhat, 6, nr. 81.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 46, nr. 144.
ḥtm thematic + metonymy (stake upon which the Damned
are punished in the ḥtmy.t, “Place of Destruction”) +
consonantal.
Exs. BSOU, pl. 8, 5.
Bib. Manassa 2004, 611.

P18 (or similar)

wsḫ.t class (P1: ); logogram (Wb I, 366.3–4).
Exs. Neferrenpet, 21, nr. 3
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 46, nr. 142.

P30
wjɜ / dp.t / mᶜnḏ.t
logogram (Wb I, 271.8–16, etc.); also cf. E228↑
Exs. Djehuty H1, 3. Also cf. E228↑
Bib. Espinel 2010, 334.

P60b
skr (zkr)
 synecdoche (part for whole, P60: ); metonymy
(barque of Sokar).
Exs. SETY, Protocol B.
Bib. Drioton 1938, 5–6 (g).

P109
wjɜ n Rᶜ
see E228↑

P112
wjɜ / dp.t nṯr
direct (“barque” + nṯr-fetish).
Exs. NIGHT, 153, 5, 6 (= Roberson 2020b, § 5, c, reading wjɜ
nṯr).
Bib. Drioton 1942, 91, 102, No 87 (reading: dp.t nṯr).
Q Domestic and funerary furniture

Q1
b // shape (D58: )
Exs. Neferrenpet, 21, nr. 6.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 46, nr. 145 (acrophony).

Q3
j // phonetic (r↓ ~ j)?
Exs. BC, pl. LXVIII, 5 (= WHb, 262, 3). Note: bi-graph j + j = y
(variant: M2↑ + M2).
r back-formation (D21↑: ) + r-mouth for p.
Exs. BSOU, pl. 30, 4, 6 (right; also cf. š↓).
Bib. Darnell 2004, 261 (e); Manassa 2004, 611.
š shape (N37↑: ).
Exs. BSOU, pl. 30, 6 (right; also cf. r↑).
Bib. Hornung 1979–80, vol. 2, 146; Darnell 2004, 21, n. 31,
262–63, n. 407; Manassa 2004, 611.

Q7
ns logogram + consonantal (ns(r), Wb II, 335.4–10).
Exs. Louvre C65, 29, nr. 13.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 47, nr. 146.
t shape (U33: ) + consonantal.
Exs. DAY, 293, 1, 2. Louvre C65, 26, nr. 20.
Bib. Darnell 2004, 95 and n. 266; Manassa 2004, 612;
Müller-Roth 2008, 294 (1b), 458.

Q7a
t variant Q7↑

Q7e
m shape (Z11↓: ) + consonantal (jmj).
Exs. Djehuty H2, 6.
Bib. Espinel 2010, 317 (s), 334.

Q12
ns(w)t
logogram (ns.t, Wb II, 321.6–17).
Exs. RII, Luxor 29 (= Darnell 2004, pl. 1A).
Bib. Drioton 1940, 324–325; Darnell 2004, 18–19 (a).
s class + shape (Q1: ) + consonantal (s.t); also cf.
Q.12a↓
Exs. RII, Luxor 33 (= Darnell 2004, pl. 1A).
Bib. Drioton 1940, 325; Darnell 2004, 19–20, (c); Manassa
2004, 612
Q12a
s.t class + shape (Q1: ).
Exs. Djehuty H1, 2.
Bib. Espinel 2010, 209 (k), 334.

Q18
sḏr part for whole (A55: ); logogram (Wb IV, 390–391).
Exs. Djehuty H1, 3.
Bib. Espinel 2010, 334 (“kind and shape”).
R Temple furniture and sacred
emblems

R3 (or similar)
ḥtp class (R4: , tables of offerings)
Exs. Louvre C65, 27, nr. 65.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 47, nr. 147.

R4
t synecdoche (whole for part: X1↓: ).
Exs. BC, pl. LXXIV, 9 (= WHb, 276, 4, reading ḥtp).
Bib. Darnell 2004, 95 (c); Manassa 2004, 612.

R7
b consonantal (bɜ↓).
Exs. BC, pl. CLI, nr. 40 (P) (= WHb, 424, 2). Khaemhat, 4, nr.
4; 5, nrs. 32, 38, 63; 7, nrs. 107, 109; 8, nrs. 130, 132.
Louvre C65, 26, nr. 6.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 47, nr. 148 (acrophony, sic.); Werning
2008, 148.
bɜ logogram (Wb I, 411).
Exs. AOTSB, 97, 1. BC, pl. CXLVII, nr. 13 (RVI, P) (= WHb, 396,
3); CLI, nr. 39 (P) (= WHb, 424, 1).
Bib. Werning 2008, 147; Roberson 2013, 99 (f).
R8 + A24
see A24↑ + R8.

R8 + A30
see A30↑ + R8.

R11
s metonymy (emblem of Osiris) + consonantal (Wsjr;
note: on analogy with other words ending in final
weak –r; cf. mr, “love” ~ Coptic ⲘⲈ, Wb II, 98.12, vs.
Wsjr, “Osiris” ~ Coptic ⲞⲨⲤⲒⲢⲈ, Wb I, 359.5).
Exs. Louvre C65, 27, nr. 82.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 47, nr. 149.
d phonetic + consonantal (ḏd; note: on analogy with
other words ending in final weak d; cf. ḏd, “speak” ~
Coptic ϪⲰ, Wb V, 618.9 ff., vs. ḏd, “djed pillar” ~ Old
Coptic ⲦⲀⲦ, Wb V, 626.9–14).
Exs. Semna statuette, pillar right side (= Klotz and Brown
2016, 281).
Bib. Klotz and Brown 2016, 282 (g), n. 86, 301.

R12
jɜ.t // logogram (Wb I, 26.7)
Exs. Khaemhat, 7, nr. 118.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 47, nr. 150 (reading y / j only, by
 acrophony).

R17a + E181
see E181↑ + R17a.

R19 + B1d
see B1d↑ + R19.

R20
sfḫ / 7 = determinative: ḏnj.t
direct (“seven” petals).
Exs. Abydos 1, 2 (= Klotz 2012b, 24–35, h; cf. sš↓).
Bib. Klotz 2012b, 24–25 (h).
sš metonymy (emblem of the goddess Seshat) +
consonantal (sšɜ.t).
Exs. Abydos 1, 2 (= Lurson 2017, 227; cf. sfḫ↑).
Bib. Lurson 2017, 229 (i).

R24
m phonetic (n ~ m).
Exs. Abydos 1, 1 (= Klotz 2012b, 24; cf. n↓).
n consonantal (n.t).
Exs. Abydos 1, 1 (2 ×) (= Lurson 2017, 227–228, c; cf. m↑); 2
(in smdn.t). RII, Protocols D; E (2 ×); Luxor
unnumbered. Djehuty H2, 2. KRI II, 217, 4–6 (6 ×)
 (Amara West); 613, 1. Khaemhat, 4, nr. 12; 5, nr. 71.
Neferrenpet, 21, nrs. 11, 19, 27. Louvre C65, 26, nrs. 6,
44; 27, nr. 71; 30, nrs. 54, 57. Semna statuette, front, 1,
2 (3 ×) (= Klotz and Brown 2016, 278); pillar right side
(= ibid., 281); body, 1R, 1L (= ibid., 285).
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 47, nr. 151; Drioton 1936a, 9 (e);
Fairman 1945, 72; Lurson 2009, 49, n. 15; Espinel 2010,
334; Klotz and Brown 2016, 301.

R26
smɜ(-tɜ.wy)
logogram (Wb III, 449.12–13).
Exs. AOTSB, 89, 1, 2, 4.
Bib. Klotz 2012b, 23, n. 23 (as smɜ); Roberson 2013, 91 (e)
(as smɜ-tɜ.wy).

R82a
nfr metonymy (emblem of Nefertem) + antonomasia (“He
who is both nfr and tm,” LGG IV, 221, New Kingdom).
Exs. KRI II, 613, 1.
Bib. Drioton 1940, 358 (118, similar spelling at Hibis).
S Crowns, dress, and staves

S1
njsw.t metonymy (crown of Upper Egypt).
Exs. AOTSB, 65, 1, 2, 3; 112, 1 (= SETY, Protocol F). RII,
Luxor pylon (= Kuentz 1971, pl. XXIII, top). Louvre
C65, 27, nrs. 65, 79, 84; 29, nr. 30; 30, nr. 52; also cf.
S6↓
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 47, nr. 153; Fairman 1945, 99–100;
Roberson 2013, 69–70 (h); Taterka 2015, 77.
ḥḏ(.t) logogram (Wb III, 211.3–7) + consonantal.
Exs. AMD, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8. AOTSB, 110, 1.
Bib. Étienne-Fart 1994, 138; Roberson 2013, 110–11 (b),
and n. 525.
ḫᶜ see S1↓ + S3 + S8a.

S1 + S3 + S8a
ḫᶜ.w direct (three “crowns”).
Exs. RII, Protocol D.
Bib. Drioton 1936a, 8 (c).

S1 + A26

f(ɜj) see A26↑ + S1.

S3
bj.tj metonymy (crown of Lower Egypt).
Exs. AOTSB, 65, 1, 3; 112, 1 (= SETY, Protocol F). RII, Luxor
pylon (= Kuentz 1971, pl. XXIII, top). Louvre C65, 30,
nr. 55; also cf. S6↓
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 47, nr. 154; Fairman 1945, 99–100;
Étienne-Fart 1994, 138; Roberson 2013, 69–70 (h);
Taterka 2015, 77.
n consonantal (n.t↓)
Exs. AMD, passim. AOTSB, 61, 1; 65, 1 (2 ×), 2, 3 (2 ×), 4 (2 ×),
5, 7, 8; 93, 1; 97, 1 (4 ×), 2 (4 ×), 3 (4 ×); 101, 1, 2; 110, 1.
BC, pl. LX, 1 (= WHb, 236, 11); LXIX, 1 (2 ×), 2 (4 ×) (=
WHb, 264, 1–2); LXX, 2 (= WHb, 264, 2); LXXIII, 3, 4, 5 (=
WHb, 270, 1); LXXIV, 8, 9 (= WHb, 276, 4); LXXVIII, nrs.
17 (1) (= WHb, 248, 5), 21 (1) (= WHb, 254, 2), 25 (1) (=
WHb, 262, 2); LXXIX, nr. 33 (3) (= WHb, 276, 2); CXLVI,
nrs. 2 (1, 2, 3) (= WHb, 374, 2), 4 (2, 3) (= WHb, 380, 1);
CXLVIII, nrs. 17 (1) (= WHb, 396, 6), 18 (1, 2, 3) (2 ×
each) (= WHb, 400, 1), 21 (1) (= WHb, 400, 3); CXLIX, nrs.
24 (RVI, P) (= WHb, 404, 4), 25 (P, O) (?) (= WHb, 410, 1);
CLI, nr. 40 (RVI, P) (= WHb, 424, 2). BE, 235 (cenotaph);
286, 1 (top, left); 287, 1 (top, left); 303/1, x + 1, x + 2, x
+ 6, x + 7; 304/2, 1, 2, 3, 5, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16; 305/3, 1;
306/4, x + 3, x + 5, x + 6, x + 7, x + 18, x + 19; 307/5, 1, 2,
3, 5, 6; 313/8, b. BG, 193, 1 (5 ×), 2 (4 ×), 4 (6 ×) (=
Manassa 2006, Text C); 194, 1 (5 ×), 2 (3 ×), 4 (2 ×), 5, 6
(5 ×) (= Manassa 2006, Text C); 195, 1 (5 ×), 2 (5 ×), 3 (2
×), 4 (4 ×), 6 (2 ×) (= Manassa 2006, Texts D, G, M); 196,
1 (2 ×), 2, 3, 4 (= Manassa 2006, Texts F, H); 197, 1 (3 ×),
2 (3 ×), 3 (2 ×), 4, 5 (= Manassa 2006, Text C); 200
 (bottom), 1, 2, 3, 5, 6 (2 ×), 7 (2 ×), 8 (= Manassa 2006,
Text P). BSOU passim. DAY, 128, 1, 2, 3; 142, 2; 143, 1, 4;
156, 2; 281, 2 (2 ×); 282, 4; 283, 4; 373, 7; 414, 10; 432, 4;
439, 2. NIGHT, 104, 2, 3, 5; 154, 1 (= Roberson 2020b, §
6, a). Djehuty H2, 4, 5 (2 ×). Cairo stela TR 20/10/17/8, 6
(= Selim 2003, 256, r). Khaemhat, 5, nrs. 53, 60. MMA
Palette, 15, nrs. 5, 7; 16, nrs. 22, 28. Neferrenpet, 21,
nrs. 14, 22, 23, 27. Louvre C65, 26, nrs. 19, 25; 27, nrs.
64, 86; 30, nr. 51. Nefertari.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 47, nr. 154; Fairman 1945, 62 (i), 72;
Darnell 2004, 41 (a), nn. 21–22; Manassa 2004, 612;
Werning 2008, 148; Espinel 2010, 334; Roberson 2012,
99 and n. 268.
n.t logogram (Wb II, 198.4–8).
Exs. BSOU, pls. 9A, 1; 30, 4 (left).
Bib. Darnell 2004, 104 and n. 316; Manassa 2004, 612.
ḫᶜ see S1↑ + S3 + S8a
dšr.t logogram (Wb V, 493.12–17).
Exs. AMD, 708, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8. BG, 195, 1, 2, 4, 6 (=
Manassa 2006, Text M). NUT, § 18.
Bib. Manassa 2006, 112, 130–31.

S6
njsw.t-bj.tj
metonymy (double crown of Upper and Lower Egypt).
Exs. AOTSB, 105, 1. Louvre C65, 29, nr. 36 (note: crowns
paired, separate: ); also cf. S1↑ and S3↑
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 47, nr. 155; Fairman 1945, 100;
Roberson 2013, 106 (a).

S8
ḫᶜ.w direct (atef, combining features of multiple “crowns”).
Exs. AOTSB, 105, 1.
Bib. Roberson 2013, 107 (c).

S8a
ḫᶜ see S1↑ + S3 + S8a.

S9
ḫᶜ (?) direct (type of “crown”).
Exs. Djehuty H2, 7 (?); also cf. šwy.t ↓
Bib. Espinel 2010, 317 (x), 334.
šwy.t (?)
logogram (Wb IV, 424–425).
Exs. Djehuty H2, 7 (?); also cf. ḫᶜ ↑
Bib. Espinel 2010, 317 (x), 334.

S12
nb.w rebus (Wb II, 237–240).
Exs. RII, Protocol E. NUT, § 17.
Bib. Drioton 1936a, 10 (d).
S20
sᶜḥ logogram (Wb IV, 49.3–14); part for whole (E31: ).
Exs. AMD, 286, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7.
Bib. Gardiner 1994, 506.

Determinative: [sun]
shape (N5↑: ).
Exs. Djehutyseneb.
Bib. Darnell 2004, 2, n. 7; Manassa 2004, 612.

S24
ᶜnḏ shape (V26: ).
Exs. NUT, § x + 5.

S28
(m)-ẖnw
logogram (ẖn, “tent,” Wb III, 368.1–8).
Exs. BC, pl. LXX, 1 (= WHb, 264, 2).
Bib. Fairman 1945, 103.
ms sportive (m-s, “with s”) // shape (hanging cloth,
foxtails, child’s limbs, F31: ~ B3: ).
Exs. RII, Protocol D.
Bib. Drioton 1936a, 9 (g).
ḥ // logogram + consonantal (ḥɜj, Wb III, 13.13–18).
Exs. Louvre C65, 29, nr. 35.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 48, nr. 157 (acrophony).
ḥbs logogram (Wb III, 64–66).
Exs. AMD, 655, 2. BC, pl. LXXVII, nr. 12 (2) (= WHb, 246, 3);
LXXVII, nr. 14 (1, 2, 3) (2 × each) (= WHb, 248, 1). BG,
192, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (= Manassa 2006, Text A). BSOU, pls. 8,
18; 9A, 22; 12, 8, 24; 14, 2 (bottom); 22A (ram emerging
from disc).
Bib. Darnell 2004, 133 and n. 428; Manassa 2004, 612;
Manassa 2006, 112, 115 (a).
s class / synecdoche (whole for part, S29↓: ).
Exs. Aksha (= Rodrigo 1985, 69). AMD, 356, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9,
10, 11. AOTSB, 97, 1, 2, 3; 110, 1. BC, pls. LXIX, 1, 2, 3 (=
WHb, 264, 1); LXXI, 5, 6 (= WHb, 266, 3); LXXIII, 3, 4 (=
WHb, 270, 1); LXXIV, 8, 9 (= WHb, 276, 4); LXXVII, nr. 16
(1, 2, 3) (= WHb, 248, 3); LXXVIII, nrs. 17 (2) (= WHb, 248,
4), 20 (= WHb, 254, 1), 25 (1, 3) (= WHb, 262, 2); LXXIX,
nrs. 32 (1, 3) (2 × each) (= WHb, 276, 1), 33 (1, 3) (=
WHb, 276, 2); CXXVII, 6, 7 (= WHb, 398, 20); CXLVI, nr. 4
(1, 2, 3) (= WHb, 380, 1); CXLVIII, nr. 18 (1, 2) (= WHb,
396, 7); CXLVIII, nr. 22 (1, 2, 3) (= WHb, 404, 2). BE, 235,
1; 303/1, x + 4; 304/2, 1, 2, 13; 305/3, 1, 2; 306/4, x + 18,
x + 19, x + 20; 307/5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7; 313/8, a, b. BG, 193,
1 (6 ×), 2 (5 ×), 4 (6 ×), 6 (6 ×) (= Manassa 2006, Text C);
194, 1 (2 ×), 2 (2 ×), 4 (2 ×), 5, 6 (= Manassa 2006, Text
C); 196, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6 (= Manassa 2006, Text D); 198, 1, 2,
3, 4, 6 (= Manassa 2006, Text H); 200 (bottom), 5 (2 ×), 6
(2 ×), 7 (2 ×), 8 (2 ×) (= Manassa 2006, Text P). BSOU,
pls. 4B (2 ×); 5B, 3, 6, 11; and passim. Djehuty H2, 3, 5,
6. Khaemhat, 4, nr. 11; 5, nr. 49; 6, nrs. 95, 97. KRI II,
 215, 6 (Amara West); 613, 1–2 (Luxor). MMA palette,
15, nr. 10; 16, nrs. 18, 29, 32. Louvre C65, 26, nrs. 24,
61; 29, nr. 35. SETY, Gurna 14.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 47, nr. 157 (acrophony); Drioton 1940,
312; Darnell 2004, 42, n. 24; Manassa 2004, 612;
Manassa 2006, 112; Espinel 2010, 334; Roberson 2012,
99; Roberson 2013, 99 (g), n. 469.

S29
j shape (M17↑: ).
Exs. BSOU, pl. 13A, 6. DAY, 142, 8 (?).
Bib. Darnell 2004, 140; Manassa 2004, 613; Müller-Roth
2008, 147 (7g, without comment; reading demands
perturbation if not read with normal value, as s).

S34
ḥr shape (D2↑ + Z1: ); also cf. V9↓, ḥr.
Exs. AMD, 751, 9 (“sic”); Amenhotep II passim.
Bib. Hornung 1987–1994, vii–viii; Darnell 2004, 62, n. 122;
Manassa 2004, 613.

S35
ḫ shape (M12↑: ); consonantal (ḫɜ) / consonantal (šw.t);
phonetic (š ~ ḫ).
Exs. Abydos 1, 1 (= Klotz 2012b, 24; cf. ẖ↓).
ẖ phonetic (ḫ↑)
Exs. Abydos 1, 1 (= Lurson 2017, 227, transliterating
incorrectly as ḫn(w), for ẖn(w); cf. ḫ↑).

S42
ɜḫ synonymy (ɜḫ, “effective” ~ sḫm, “powerful”); also cf.
F12↑
Exs. AMD, 118, 3, 5, 7, 9.
Bib. Werning 2008, 148.

S43
j // shape (M17↑: ).
Exs. BG, 198, 2 (= Manassa 2006, Text J).
wdn shape (U32: ) + logogram (Wb I, 390–391).
Exs. BG, 198, 1, 2, 6 (= Manassa 2006, Text J).
Bib. Manassa 2006, 112, 129 (b), nn. 110–111.
tj shape (U33↓: ).
Exs. AOTSB, 101, 1.
Bib. Roberson 2013, 102 (e).

S55
mḏɜ.t see O6 + S55↑
n class (S3↑: ) // synecdoche (part for whole).
Exs. Djehuty H1, 4.
Bib. Espinel 2010, 311 (t), 335.

S55 + O6
see O6 + S55↑

S56
k consonantal (kɜ, Wb V, 93.10; kɜɜ, Wb V, 93.10, 101.10–
11)
Exs. Khaemhat, 5, nr. 50. Medinet Habu (Darnell 2004, 361–
362, n. 376, and pl. 34B = Drioton 1934, 197).
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 38, nr. 34 (acrophony, sic.); Fairman
1943, 279, note LXXIV.

S57b
ḥr sportive (that which is “atop” the head) + consonantal
(ḥry)
Exs. Abydos 1, 1 (= Klotz 2012b, 24); alternately, cf.
determinative↓
Bib. Klotz 2012b, 24 (c); also cf. Lurson 2017, 227–228 (b),
and 231 (reading n, through improbable thematic /
acrophonic derivation).
determinative: ḫᶜj
// ideogram + rebus (ḫᶜw, “to crown,” Wb III, 241.19 ~
ḫᶜj, “to appear,” Wb III, 239–240; for the reading of the
determined word itself, see N14↑).
Exs. Abydos 1, 1; alternately, cf. ḥr↑

S77
ṯn part for whole (C18: ) / metonymy (crown of Ta-
tjenen) + consonantal (ṯnn).
Exs. Djehuty H1, 4. Louvre C65, 27, nr. 70.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 47, nr. 156; Espinel 2010, 335.
T Warfare, hunting, and butchery
T12
r consonantal (ɜr).
Exs. DAY, 142, 8.
Bib. Müller-Roth 2008, 458.

T14
r=s class/shape (T13: ) + logogram + rebus (rs, Wb II,
(?) 449.8 ff.)
Exs. Louvre C65, 26, nr. 12 (?)
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 48, nr. 159 (reading r only, by
acrophony).
ts logogram + phonetic (ṯs, Wb V, 407.16)
Exs. Neferrenpet, 21, nr. 22.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 48, nr. 159.

T14 + T14
ṯn // synecdoche (whole for part): paired determinatives
(e.g., mtn, Wb II, 170.11–12; mtr, ibid., 171.9 ff.)
substituting for single logogram (ṯnj, ibid., 373.1 ff.) +
consonantal. Note: possibly also shape substitution
for D51 + D51: , with same derivation otherwise (see
comments in Gardiner 1957, 513).
Exs. Louvre C65, 26, nr. 11.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 48, nr. 159 (reading signs individually
as ṯ + n, both by acrophony).

T16
nm class (T34: ).
Exs. DAY, 270, 5.
Bib. Müller-Roth 2008, 458.

T21a
w class (T21: ) + consonantal (wᶜ).
Exs. Neferrenpet, 21, nr. 27.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 48, nr. 160.

T22
sn rebus.
Exs. AOTSB, 97, 1; also cf. k↓ and U22.1↓, sn, k.
Bib. Roberson 2013, 99–100 (g).
k shape (cryptic F28↑: ); also cf. U22.1↓, sn, k.
Exs. AOTSB, see sn↑
Bib. Werning 2016 (as scribal error).

T22a
mdw shape (S43↑: ).
Exs. BC, pl. LXXVI, nr. 7 (1) (= WHb, 244, 1).
Bib. Werning 2008, 148; Werning 2011, 244 (1), nn. 1*–1.

T24
ᶜḥ logogram (Wb I, 213.17–19)
Exs. Louvre C65, 29, nr. 27.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 48, nr. 161.
ḥm synonymy: fishing net ~ fishing (ḥɜm, Wb III, 31.12–13)
+ consonantal
Exs. Louvre C65, 30, nr. 61 (in filiation, ḥm.t=f)
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 48, nr. 161.

T26
bt ~ b(j).t(j)
logogram (jbṯ, Wb I, 64.21; jbṯ.t, ibid., 54.1–2) +
phonetic + consonantal
Exs. MMA Palette, 15, nr. 15.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 48, nr. 162.

T28
p // shape (Q3↑: ).
Exs. BG, 195, 4 (= Manassa 2006, Text D).
ḫr phonetic (ẖ ~ ḫ).
Exs. BC, pls. LXII, 2, 3 (= WHb, 236, 17). BSOU, pls. 4B; 5A, 4;
5C, 3; and passim. Djehuty H2, 9.
Bib. Darnell 2004, 42; Manassa 2004, 613; Werning 2008,
148; Espinel 2010, 335.

T30 (or similar)

m // class / shape (T34: ) + consonantal / phonetic (nm);
also cf. T32↓
Exs. Louvre C65, 26, nrs. 23, 26, 36; 27, nrs. 74, 80; 29, nrs.
15, 24.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 48, nr. 163 (acrophony).
mds logogram (Wb II, 183.1–16).
Exs. AMD, 356, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 12; 367, 2, 5, 7, 9, 11, 12;
383, 3, 4, 5, 7, 12.
Bib. Werning 2008, 149.
dm logogram (Wb V, 448–449).
Exs. AMD, 365, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 12.
Bib. Werning 2008, 149.
ds logogram (Wb V, 486–487).
Exs. AMD, 570, 3, 4, 5; 588, 1 (2 ×), 2 (2 ×), 3 (2 ×), 4 (2 ×), 6 (2
×), 10; 594, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8; 597, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10;
601, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10; 605, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8. DAY, 283, 1, 2.
Bib. Drioton 1942, 95, 103, No 125; Werning 2008, 149.

T31
sšm part for whole (T32: ).
Exs. AMD, 133, 7 (?); 348, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 10, 11; 349, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8,
10; 560, 1, 3 (3 ×), 4 (2 ×), 5 (3 ×), 8 (3 ×), 9 (2 ×), 10 (2 ×);
 561, 1, 3 (5 ×), 4 (5 ×), 5 (5 ×), 8 (5 ×), 9 (3 ×), 10 (2 ×);
562, 1, 3, 4, 5, 8; 563, 3 (2 ×), 5 (2 ×), 10; 590, 1 (4 ×), 3 (4
×), 4 (4 ×), 5 (4 ×), 6 (2 ×), 8 (4 ×), 9 (2 ×), 10 (4 ×); 591, 3
(2 ×), 4 (2 ×), 5 (2 ×), 8 (2 ×), 9 (2 ×), 10 (2 ×); 593, 1 (2 ×),
2, 3 (2 ×), 4 (2 ×), 5 (2 ×), 6 (2 ×), 8 (2 ×), 9 (2 ×); 594, 1 (4
×), 2 (2 ×), 3 (4 ×), 4 (4 ×), 5 (4 ×), 8 (4 ×), 9 (2 ×); 597, 2, 3
(6 ×), 4 (6 ×), 5 (6 ×), 8 (6 ×), 9 (3 ×), 10 (4 ×); 600, 2, 3 (4
×), 4 (4 ×), 5 (2 ×), 6 (3 ×), 7, 8 (2 ×), 9 (2 ×), 10 (4 ×); 601,
2, 3 (2 ×), 4 (2 ×), 5, 6 (2 ×), 8, 9, 10 (2 ×); 604, 3 (5 ×), 4 (5
×), 5 (5 ×), 6 (5 ×), 7, 8 (5 ×), 9 (3 ×), 10 (5 ×); 605, 2, 3, 4,
5, 6, 8, 10; 606, 1, 3, 4, 9; 608, 3, 4, 8, 9; 612, 1, 2, 3, 5, 9
(2 ×); 623, 3 (2 ×), 4 (2 ×), 5 (2 ×), 8 (2 ×); 624, 2 (, 3, 4, 5,
8; 625, 2 (3 ×), 3 (3 ×), 4 (3 ×), 5 (3 ×), 8 (3 ×); 849, 1 (3 ×),
2 (3 ×), 3 (3 ×), 4, 5 (2 ×). BG, 195, 1, 4, 6 (= Manassa
2006, Text G). DAY, 209, 1, 2; also cf. T30↑
Bib. Werning 2008, 149.

T32
m // synecdoche (whole for part: cryptic T30↑), perhaps
also conditioned by shape (G17: ).
Exs. BSOU, pl. 21, 4.
Bib. Darnell 2004, 176–77 (without comment); Manassa
2004, 613.
ds class / synecdoche (whole for part, T30↑).
Exs. AMD 570, 7.
Bib. see T30↑
U Agriculture, crafts, and
professional tools

U1
m consonantal (mɜ).
Exs. Djehuty H1, 2.
Bib. Espinel 2010, 309 (g), 335.

U21a
n consonantal (nw↓)
Exs. Neferrenpet, 21, nr. 27.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 48, nr. 164.
nw shape + class (U19: ).
Exs. NIGHT, 154, 4 (= Roberson 2020b, § 8, b).
Bib. Drioton 1942, 92, No 102 (without comment).

U22.1
sn shape (cryptic T22↑: ).
Exs. AOTSB, 97, 3; also cf. k↓
Bib. see T22↑
k shape (cryptic F28: ).
Exs. AOTSB, see sn↑
Bib. Werning 2016 (as scribal error).

U23
ḫsf class / shape (U34: ).
Exs. DAY, 282, 1.
Bib. Müller-Roth 2008, 458.
sn shape (cryptic T22↑: ).
Exs. AOTSB, 97, 2; also cf. k↓
Bib. see T22↑
k shape (cryptic F28: ).
Exs. AOTSB, see sn↑
Bib. Werning 2016 (as scribal error).

U23 + A21a
see A21a↑ + U23

U25
bɜ class / shape (U26: ) + consonantal (wbɜ).
Exs. AOTSB, 97, 2.
Bib. Roberson 2013, 99 (f), nn. 465–466.

U26 + O39 (or similar)

w // derived perhaps from initial radical w-, common to
otherwise unrelated verbs of drilling and boring, re-
analyzed as though a separate word or prefix
indicating “drilling”: w.bɜ, w.ft, w.hb, w.tn, w.ḏɜ (Wb I,
290, 306, 340, 380, 406)?
Exs. Khaemhat, 7, nr. 98; 8, nr. 125.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 48, nr. 166 (acrophony).
wbɜ direct / synecdoche (whole for part: wbɜ-drill, drilling
into something).
Exs. Louvre C65, 30, nr. 56.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 48, nr. 166.
ṯ direct / synonymy + consonantal (ṯɜj, “to engrave,”
Wb V, 347.11–13, New Kingdom).
Exs. Louvre C65, 26, nr. 15.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 48, nr. 166.

U33
ḥ shape (V28↓: ).
Exs. DAY, 210, 3.
Bib. Müller-Roth 2008, 458.
s shape (S29↑: ).
Exs. NUT, § 69.
t/ṯ consonantal (tj) + phonetic (t ~ ṯ).
Exs. BC, pl. CXLIX, nr. 24 (2 ×) (= WHb, 404, 4); CLI, nrs. 44 (=
WHb, 424, 3), 46 (3 ×) (= WHb, 432, 2–3). BSOU, pl. 22c,
 13. Khaemhat, 4, nr. 6.
Bib. Werning 2008, 149.

U36 + I10
see I10↑ + U36.

U38
mḫɜ.t logogram (Wb II, 130.8–16).
Exs. BG: MLEU, pl. 96 (Text I), 1, 2.

U92
mḫɜ.t // synecdoche (part for whole, U38↑: ).
Exs. BG, 197, 1, 2, 3, 5 (= Manassa 2006, Text I); 198, 2, 6
(= Manassa 2006, Text J).
Bib. see U38↑
V Rope, fiber, and baskets
V1
w shape (Z7↓: ).
Exs. Djehuty H1, 2 (2 ×), 4; Djehuty H2, 3, 7, 8, 9.
Bib. Espinel 2010, 309 (i), 317 (u), 335.
wɜ class (V4: )
Exs. Semna Statuette, pillar right side (2 ×, in Wɜwɜ.t) (=
Klotz and Brown 2016, 281); also cf. Z7↓
Bib. Klotz and Brown 2016, 281–282 (g), n. 84, 301; Werning
2008, 151–152.

V2
ɜs logogram (Wb I, 20.1–8).
Exs. BC, p. 57.
Bib. Werning 2008, 149.
wɜ(t) synecdoche (whole for part, cryptic Z7↓: ).
Exs. AMD, 354, 9.
Bib. see Z7↓
sṯɜ logogram (Wb IV, 351–356).
Exs. AOTSB, 65, 1, 2, 3, 4.
Bib. Drioton 1952, 27; Roberson 2013, 66, n. 317.
V4
w consonantal (wɜ).
Exs. Semna statuette, body, 2R, 2L (= Klotz and Brown 2016,
285).
Bib. Klotz and Brown 2016, 287 (o), 301; also cf. ibid., 287,
n. 132, for an alternate reading, by class substitution
and logogram, as Wɜwɜ.t).

V6
mj shape (W19↓: ) // hieratic; cf. Möller 1927, 47, nr. 520,
e.g., Lederhs., Pentoere, P.Abbott: , , [V6]; vs. ibid.,
45, nr. 509, Lederhs., Pentoere, Nḏm.t: , , [W19] //
synecdoche (part for whole: cord supporting milk jar
in W19).
Exs. Djehuty H2, 7 (4 ×), 8, 9 (?).
Bib. Espinel 2010, 335.
s consonantal (šs) + phonetic (š ~ s) // class + shape +
consonantal (V17: , sɜ) or class (cryptic S28↑: )
Exs. Djehuty H2, 3, 4 (3 ×), 5, 9, (2 ×?). Khaemhat, 5, nr. 58.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 48, nr. 168; Espinel 2010, 335; Gardiner
1994, 522 (interchange of V6 and S28 as
determinatives, from Dyn 19; also cf. cryptic
interchange with V17↓, šn).

V9
jr shape (cryptic D12↑: ).
Exs. BSOU, pl. 18A (right, beneath dome); also cf. ḥr↓
Bib. Darnell 2004, 171–72, n. 35; 339–40; Manassa 2004,
613.
ᶜn logogram (ᶜn.t, Wb I, 188.8–9) + consonantal.
Exs. BSOU, pls. 7B, 1; 23, 45.
Bib. Darnell 2004, 88–89; Manassa 2004, 613.
r consonantal (jr↑).
Exs. BSOU, pl. 37A, 1.
Bib. Darnell 2004, 171–72, n. 35, 339–40; Manassa 2004,
613.
ḥr shape (D2: ); also cf. S34↑
Exs. BSOU, see jr↑
Bib. Hornung 1987–1994, vii–viii; Quack 2005, 29.
Ideogram: [Underworld begins]
Exs. BE, 132 (fig. 5.1, bottom left).
Bib. Roberson 2012, 98 and n. 262, 134 and nn. 45–48.

V13
w class (cryptic V1↓: ) + shape (Z7↓: ).
Exs. BC, pl. CLI, nr. 41 (= WHb, 424, 4).
Bib. Werning 2008, 150.
m shape (Aa13: ).
Exs. AOTSB, 65, 5 (?). BG, 193, 1 (2 ×), 2 (2 ×), 4 (2 ×), 6 (2 ×)
(= Manassa 2006, Text C); 195, 2, 4, 6 (= Manassa 2006,
Text M); 198, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 (= Manassa 2006, Text J).
 BSOU, pls. 8, 8; 10A, 1; 12, 17; 13B, 19; 18A (second
dome, B3, rightmost below middle); Ramesses VI and
IX passim.
Bib. Darnell 2004, 8, n. 28; Manassa 2004, 614; Manassa
2006, 112, 118 (a)–119, n. 66; Roberson 2013, 71–72 (j)
(also cf. I25↑).
mɜᶜ shape (Aa11↓: ).
Exs. BG, 196, 1 (= Manassa 2006, Text F).
n phonetic (m↑ ~ n).
Exs. BSOU, pl. 15 (mummiform deity in barque); 22C, 6, 22,
28; 28B, 7 (?).
Bib. Darnell 2004, 194, n. 128; Manassa 2004, 614.
ḥ class (V28↓: ).
Exs. BC, pl. LXVII, 1, 2 (= WHb, 258, 3); LXVIII, 4 (= WHb, 262,
4).
Bib. Werning 2008, 150; Werning 2011, 262 (reconstruction,
far right).
t phonetic (ṯ ~ t).
Exs. AMD, 348, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 11; 349, 1, 2 (3 ×), 3 (2 ×), 4
(3 ×), 5 (3 ×), 6 (2 ×), 8 (3 ×), 11 (2 ×); 351, 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8,
10, 11; and passim. BC. pl. LX, 5, 7, 8 (= WHb, 236, 15);
LXI, 4 (2 ×), 5 (2 ×) (= WHb, 238); LXII, 1 (2 ×) (= WHb,
236, 18–19); LXVII, 1, 2 (= WHb, 258, 2); LXIX, 1, 2, 3 (2 ×
each) (= WHb, 264, 1–2); LXX, 1 (3 ×), 2, 3 (3 ×) (= WHb,
264, 2); LXXIII, 3, 4, 5 (= WHb, 270, 1); LXXIV, 8 (= WHb,
276, 4); LXXVI, nrs. 1 (2, 3) (= WHb, 234, 1), 7 (1) (= WHb,
244, 1); LXXVII, nrs. 13 (1) (= WHb, 246, 4), 15 (1, 3) (=
WHb, 248, 2); LXXVIII, nrs. 19 (1, 3) (= WHb, 248, 6), 21
 (1) (= WHb, 254, 2), 23 (2) (= WHb, 258, 1), 24 (4) (=
WHb, 262, 1), 25 (1) (= WHb, 262, 2); LXXIX, nr. 32 (1) (=
WHb, 276, 1); LXXIX, nr. 33 (1, 3) (2 × each) (= WHb, 276,
2); CXLVIII, nrs. 18 (1, 2) (= WHb, 396, 7), 22 (3 ×) (=
WHb, 404, 2*); CXLIX, nrs. 23 (2) (WHb, 404, 3), 29 (=
WHb, 414, 4); CL, nr. 32 (RVI) (= WHb, 418, 3); CLI, nrs.
38 (= WHb, 418, 9), 39 (RVI, P) (= WHb, 424, 1), 40 (RVI,
P) (= WHb, 424, 2), 41 (RVI, P) (= WHb, 424, 4), 42 (P) (=
WHb, 424, 5), 43 (RVI, P) (= WHb, 424, 6), 44 (RVI, P) (=
WHb, 432, 2), 46 (RVI, P) (= WHb, 432, 3). BSOU, pls. 4B
(2 ×); 5B, 5, 7, 10, 15, 19, 20; and passim.
Bib. Fairman 1945, 79; Darnell 2004, 40–41, and n. 19;
Manassa 2004, 614; Werning 2008, 149.

V15
sšm shape (T32↑: ).
Exs. AMD, 349, 11.

V16
s consonantal (sɜ).
Exs. Louvre C65, 27, nr. 75.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 48, nr. 169.

V17
s consonantal + phonetic (zɜ)
Exs. Semna Statuette, body, 2R, 2L (= Klotz and Brown
2016, 285); also see D36↑ + V17.
Bib. Klotz and Brown 2016, 273–276, 301.
šn shape + class (V7: ).
Exs. NUT, § 44; 47; 51; 96.

V17 + D36
see D36↑ + V17.

V19
nḥɜ Hieratic (see references in Bib.).
Exs. BSOU, pl. 33, 1.
Bib. Darnell 2004, 287 (b), nn. 53–55; Manassa 2004, 614.

V23a
n // shape (K1: ) + consonantal (jn); also cf. F30↑
Exs. BG, 193, 2 (= Manassa 2006, Text C); also cf. F.30↑

V28
ḥf synecdoche (part for whole, V75: ).
Exs. BC, pls. CXLVIII, nr. 22 (2 ×) (= WHb, 400, 5); CLI, nr. 45
(= WHb, 432, 1).
Bib. Werning 2008, 150.
ᶜnḫ hieratic (S34: ); cf. Möller 1927, 47, nr. 525, Louvre
3226, Ennene: , [V28] vs. ibid., 48, nr. 534, Lederhs.,
Harris Th.: , [S24].
Exs. NUT, § 118.
Bib. Darnell 2004, 62, n. 122; Klotz 2011a, 482, n. 25.
Determinative: nwḥ
class (V1↑: ).
Exs. DAY, 283, 1.
Bib. Müller-Roth 2008, 289 (16a), 459.

V30
ḥ(ɜ)b shape (W3: )
Exs. RRI IX, 69, 1 (in ẖrj.w-ḥ(ɜ)b).

V31
mɜᶜ shape (Aa11↓: ).
Exs. BG, 196, 4 (= Manassa 2006, Text F).
sšm shape (T31↑: ).
Exs. DAY, 209, 3.
Bib. Müller-Roth 2008, 459; also see T31↑

V31.1
bng // direct: an “overflowing” basket (bng, Wb I, 464.5).
Exs. Louvre C65, 30, nr. 60 (in personal name Bng(y) ~
Bgn(y), for which see Ranke 1935, 97, nr. 21, and 98,
nr. 30).
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 48, nr. 170 (reading: bgn, mechanism
unknown).
V39
tj consonantal (tj.t).
Exs. AOTSB, 105, 1. BSOU, pl. 37A, 1. RII, Luxor
unnumbered. SETY, Protocols A, B, C; Gurna 4.
Nefertari.
Bib. Drioton 1940, 310; Darnell 2004, 336, n. 272; Manassa
2004, 614; Boraik 2008, 134; Roberson 2013, 108 (e);
Taterka 2015, 80.

V102
ẖr direct (“that which is beneath”).
Exs. AMD, 560, 3, 4; 561, 3 (3 ×), 4 (3 ×).
Bib. Werning 2008, 150.
W Vessels of stone and
earthenware
W7
nw class (W24↓: ); also cf. F34↑ and W22↓
Exs. Djehuty H1, 2. Semna Statuette,
Bib. Espinel 2010, 309 (i).

W10
ᶜ logogram (Wb I, 158.13–17).
Exs. Djehuty H2, 3, 5. Khaemhat, 4, nr. 27; 5, nrs. 34, 66; 8,
nr. 129.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 48 (acrophony); Espinel 2010, 335.
bɜ part for whole (R7↑; ).
Exs. AOTSB, 101, 2.
Bib. Roberson 2013, 103 (n), and nn. 493–494.
ḫm shape? (note: interchanges with cryptic O18↑: ).
Exs. AMD, 594, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9.
Bib. Werning 2008, 147 (O18).
t part for whole (cryptic X2↓: ).
Exs. AOTSB, 101, 2. BSOU, pl. 34A, 31, 33.
Bib. Darnell 2004, 315–16 (d); Manassa 2004, 614; Roberson
2013, 102 (j), and n. 484.
W10 + D234
bɜ see D234↑ + W10.

W11
p shape (Q3↑: ).
Exs. BSOU, pl. 30, 1, 4 (right).
Bib. Darnell 2004, 232, n. 252; Manassa 2004, 615.
ḫ // consonantal (ḫr↓).
Exs. BG, 197, 1, 2, 4, 5 (= Manassa 2006, Text N).
ḫr / ẖr
shape (T28↑: ); phonetic (ẖ ~ ḫ).
Exs. AMD, 680, 7, 9; 683, 8. BE, 307/5, 2. BC, pls. LXII, 1 (=
WHb, 236, 17). BG, 200 (bottom), 1, 2, 3, 4 (= Manassa
2006, Text P). BSOU, pls. 4B; 5B, 4; 5C, 4; Tutankhamun
passim; 30, 1 (right). DAY, 439, 7 (2 ×). RRI IX, 69, 4 [1]
(in ẖrj.w-ḥb); 69, 9.
Bib. Darnell 2004, 42 (c) and n. 25; Roberson 2012, 99 and
n. 270.
q phonetic (g ~ q).
Exs. BSOU, pl. 28B, 10. Also see W56↓+W11.
Bib. Darnell 2004, 76–78; Manassa 2004, 615.
k phonetic (g ~ k).
Exs. BG, 196, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 (= Manassa 2006, Text H).
Bib. Manassa 2006, 125 (a), n. 100.
W11 + W56
ᶜq shape (Aa3: , with value ᶜ) / Consonantal (jᶜj,
“wash,” see refs. in Bib.) + phonetic (g ~ q).
Exs. BSOU, pls. 5C, 16; 7B, 1.
Bib. Darnell 2004, 76–78; Manassa 2004, 615.

W19
ᶜɜ shape (O29↑: ).
Exs. DAY, 210, 3.
Bib. Müller-Roth 2008, 459.
smɜ(w) shape (F36: ).
Exs. NIGHT, 154, 2 (= Roberson 2020b, § 5, e).
Bib. Roberson 2020b, nn. 127–129.

W20
bɜ shape (R7↑: ).
Exs. AOTSB, 97, 3.
Bib. see R7↑
ḥnq.t class (W22: ).
Exs. BSOU, pl. 34, 31, 33.
Bib. Darnell 2004, 315–16; Manassa 2004, 615.

W22 (or similar)

n class (W24: ) + consonantal (nw); also cf. W7↑ and
 F34↑
Exs. Semna Statuette, body, 2L (= Klotz and Brown 2016,
285).
Bib. Klotz and Brown 2016, 287 (o), n. 131, 301.

W24
jr(t) shape (cryptic D12↑: ).
Exs. AMD, 286, 10; 432, 5, 8.
Bib. see D12↑
t shape (cryptic D12↑: ).
Exs. DAY, 143, 7. NIGHT, 154, 4 (= Roberson 2020b, § 6, d)
Bib. Müller-Roth 2008, 459.

W25
jwn consonantal back-formation (jn).
Exs. NUT, § 59.

W54
wp // in wpš: consonantal + phonetic (wᶜb).
Exs. DAY 282, 7. Note: cryptic value unnecessary. Read in
conText as wᶜb (thus, also D60↑); also see comments
for O42↑
Bib. Drioton 1942, 98, No 124B (reading w, by acrophony <
wᶜb); Müller-Roth 2008, 288 (acrophony) (10b).
W56 + W11
see W11↑ + W56.
X Loaves and cakes
X1
j hieratic, writing 1cs suffix pronoun; cf. Möller 1927, 3,
nr. 33, and 52, nr. 575.
Exs. RRI IX, 69, 5 (2 ×) (in jt=j and mw.t=j).
Bib. Jansen-Winkeln 2007, 113, 18; Fairman 1943, 247, 290
(noting only 1fs examples in the Ptolemaic inscriptions
of Edfu).
ḫ synecdoche (part for whole, Aa1: / cryptic D12↑: ).
Exs. BG, 197, 2 (= Manassa 2006, Text N). BSOU, pl. 24, 11.
Bib. Darnell 2004, 213; Manassa 2004, 615; Manassa 2006,
132 (a).
ṯ phonetic (t ~ ṯ).
Exs. BC, pl. LXXI, 5, 6 (= WHb, 266, 3).
Bib. Fairman 1945, 79; Werning 2008, 150.
d phonetic (t ~ d).
Exs. BC, pl. LXXVIII, nr. 24, 3 (= WHb, 262, 1: “corrupt”).
Djehuty H2, 9 (?).
Bib. see ṯ↑

X1 + O20.1
see O20.1↑ + X1.
X2
t direct (“bread”) + class / synecdoche (whole for part,
X1↑).
Exs. RII, Protocols D; E. AMD, 438, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10; 450, 1, 2, 3,
5, 12. AOTSB, 65, 5, 6, 7, 8; 89, 1; 93, 1, 2; 101, 1. BG,
196, 2, 3, 4, 6 (= Manassa 2006, Text D); 198, 1 (2 ×), 2, 3
(2 ×), 4 (2 ×), 6 (2 ×) (= Manassa 2006, Text J); 199, 1, 2
(= Manassa 2006, Text I). DAY 142, 5, 8; 143, 1; 171, 1.
NUT, § 2; 6; 31; and passim; SHADOW 1; 6; 9; 11; 12; 15;
16; 18; 20; 22. Parennefer (= Darnell 2004, pls. 1A; 1E).
Djehuty H2, 4 (2 ×), 5, 7, 8 (3 ×), 9. Khaemhat, 5, nr. 57;
6, nr. 89. MMA palette, 15, nrs. 9, 14; 16, nrs. 26, 32.
Louvre C65, 26, nrs. 28, 31;27, nrs. 66, 87; 29, nr. 35. RII,
Luxor unnumbered.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 49, nr. 172–173 (acrophony); Drioton
1942, 106, Nos 35, 49; Fairman 1945, 78; Gardiner 1994,
531, n. 6; Darnell 2004, 8; Manassa 2004, 616; Manassa
2006, 112, 127 (a); Boraik 2008, 134; Müller-Roth 2008,
459; Werning 2008, 151; Espinel 2010, 335; Roberson
2013, 72 (m), n. 353.
ṯ phonetic (t ~ ṯ).
Exs. NUT, § 96; 100; x + 36; x + 54; x + 61; x + 71.
Bib. Von Lieven 2007, 33.
d(j) // phonetic (t↑ ~ d).
Exs. BG, 198, 1, 2, 4, 6 (= Manassa 2006, Text J).

X2.1
variant X2↑
X4 (incl. variants with or without internal details)
t class (X1↑: ).
Exs. Abydos 1, 1 (2 ×); 2. BC, pl. CXLVI, nr. 4 (1, 2) (= WHb,
380, 1). Khaemhat, 4, nr. 9.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 49, nr. 174; Drioton 1942, 106, Nos 60,
62; Fairman 1945, 78; Werning 2008, 151; Klotz 2012b,
24 (e); Lurson 2017, 227 (e).

X4a+W10
t class, variant X2↑
Exs. Nefertari (2 ×) (note: first occurrence belongs certainly
with preceding word wr.t, not following word ḥnw.t,
contra Taterka 2015, 79).
Bib. See X2↑

X6
m // shape (cryptic D12↑: ); also perhaps class (cryptic
X8↓: , bread loaves notched at bottom).
Exs. Louvre C65, 26, nrs. 25, 33.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 49, nr. 176 (mechanism unknown).
t class (X1↑: ).
Exs. BSOU, pl. 34A, 14 (+haplography).
Bib. Darnell 2004, 8; Manassa 2004, 616.

X8
m synecdoche (part for whole, D37↑: )
Exs. Neferrenpet, 21, nrs. 5, 28.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 49, nr. 177.
t class (X1↑: ) + consonantal (dj) + phonetic (d ~ t)
Exs. BC, pl. CL, nrs. 32 (RVI, P) (= WHb, 418, 3), 35 (RVI, P) (=
WHb, 418, 6).
Bib. Fairman 1945, 78; Werning 2008, 151.
ḏ consonantal + phonetic (d(j) ~ ḏ) / consonantal, from
archaizing ḏ(j)
Exs. Khaemhat, 5, 65.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 49, nr. 177.
Y Writing, games, and music
Y1
b shape (N17↑: ).
Exs. BSOU, pls. 23, 74; 30, 5 (right).
Bib. Darnell 2004, 255–59; Manassa 2004, 616; Werning
2008, 151.
m phonetic (n↓ ~ m).
Exs. AOTSB, 65, 6. BC, pl. CXLVIII, nr. 22 (2?) (= WHb, 404, 2).
Bib. Roberson 2013, 71–72 (j).
n shape (N35↑: ).
Exs. BSOU, pl. 22C, 23.
Bib. Darnell 2004, 202; Manassa 2004, 616.
ḥtp shape (R4↑: ).
Exs. BE, 305/3, 1. BG, 197, 3 (= Manassa 2006, Text N).
Bib. Roberson 2012, 305, n. 23.
t shape (V13↑: ); phonetic (ṯ ~ t).
Exs. BG, 194, 2, 4, 5 (= Manassa 2006, Text C).

Y5
s shape / synecdoche (part for whole) (S28↑: ).
Exs. BE, 304/2, 2.
Bib. Fairman 1945, 77; Werning 2008, 151; Roberson 2012,
99 and n. 271.
Z Strokes and signs derived from
Hieratic
Z1
j extension of non-cryptic use as suffix =j
Exs. Khaemhat, 5, nrs. 31, 41, 65; 6, nr. 83; 7, nrs. 102, 114,
118. MMA Palette, 16, nr. 29; 17, nrs. 62, 67.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 49, nr. 178; Gardiner 1957, 535.

Z2
w rebus < plural marker.
Exs. NIGHT, 154, 4 (2 ×) (= Roberson 2020b, § 7, b–c); also
see Z3↓
Bib. Roberson 2020b, n. 160.
p hieratic (Q3: ); cf. Möller 1927, 34, nr. 388, Louvre,
Ennene: , [Q3], and 50, nr. 561, Lederhs., P. Rollin,
Ennene: , , [Z2].
Exs. BSOU, pl. 7A, 1.
Bib. Darnell 2004, 81–82; Manassa 2004, 616.

Z3
w variant, Z2↑
Exs. NIGHT, 155, 2 (= Roberson 2020b, § 9, b).
Bib. see Z2↑
Z4
t // phonetic back-formation of feminine marker j/y ~ t +
shape (X1↑).
Exs. BC, pl. LXXIII, 5 (= WHb, 270, 1).

Z7
ɜ phonetic (w ~ ɜ; G43↑: ~ cryptic G39↑: ).
Exs. BC, pl. LXVII, 1 (= WHb, 258, 3).
Bib. see G39↑
wɜt class (V4↑: ); consonantal back-formation: w(ɜt).
Exs. AMD, 347, 2 (3 × = plural), 3 (3 ×), 4 (3 ×), 6 (3 ×), 10 (3
×), 11 (3 ×); 350, 1 (3 × = plural), 2 (3 ×), 3 (3 ×), 4 (3 ×), 6
(3 ×), 8 (3 ×), 10 (3 ×), 11 (3 ×); 351–354, passim; 433, 1,
3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11; 434, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 11; 437, 1, 2, 3, 4,
7; 438, 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 10; 450, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6; also cf. V1↑
Bib. Fairman 1945, 95, n. 2; Werning 2008, 151–52.
Ideogram: [cryptic text]
class / back-formation (G43↑: ~ cryptic G39↑ ).
Exs. BC, pl. LXVII, 1 (= WHb, 258, 3).
Bib. see G39↑, with additional discussion contra in Quack
2015, 301.

Z8
jm direct / sportive: line enclosing “that which is within”
 (jmj) + consonantal.
Exs. Louvre C65, 26, nrs. 25, 62.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 49, nr. 180.

Z8.1
jm(n?) class (cryptic Z8↑) // alternately, as a component of
jmn, perhaps understand as direct / sportive:
something “hidden” (cf. G39.1↑), followed by
phonetic complement n in each case.
Exs. Louvre C65, 26, nrs. 14 (jmn), 31 (jmn).
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 49, nr. 181.
Aa Unclassified
Aa1
jr(t) shape (cryptic D12↑: ); perhaps also Hieratic < D1 (
), for which cf. Möller 1927, nrs. 574 (esp. Lederhs.
and Ennene) and 82.
Exs. AMD, 536, 11; 686, 2; 710, 7 (2 ×); 713, 7; 716, 7; 807, 6.
BC, pl. LXII, 3 (= WHb, 236, 17). cf. also RRIIX, 38, 23; 39,
4, 14 (first element in Wsjr).
Bib. see D12↑
t shape (cryptic D12↑: ).
Exs. DAY, 331, 8 (RVIb).
Bib. Müller-Roth 2008, 335, nr. 315.

Aa2
ᶜ consonantal (ᶜwɜ, Wb I, 172.3–6).
Exs. BSOU, pl. 34B, 8 (upper right). Parennefer (= Darnell
2004, pls. 1A; 1E). Cairo stela TR 30/10/17/8, 6 (= Selim
2003, 256, r; note that the author’s derivation by
acrophony from ᶜd, “pustule,” is unnecessary). MMA
Palette, 16, nr. 35.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 49, nr. 179 (acrophony); Darnell 2004,
46–48; Manassa 2004, 616.
p(p) consonantal (jpp.t, Wb I, 69.10).
Exs. BSOU, pls. 33; 34B, 16. DAY, 143, 4. NIGHT, 154, 4 (=
 Roberson 2020b, § 7, b).
Bib. Drioton 1942, 104; Darnell 2004, 294–95; Manassa
2004, 616.
nḥɜ logogram (Wb II, 290.5–14).
Exs. BSOU, pl. 34B, 12.
Bib. Darnell 2004, 287; Manassa 2004, 616.

Aa11
m shape (Aa15↓: ) / consonantal (mɜᶜ).
Exs. BC: MLEU, pl. 288A, 5. BG, 192, 1, 2, 4, 5 (= Manassa
2006, Text A); 197, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (= Manassa 2006, Text N).
MMA Palette, 15, nr. 9 (alternately, read conventionally
as mɜᶜ, plus cryptic phon. compl. ᶜ).
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 49, nr. 182 (acrophony); Manassa 2006,
112, n. 25, 132; Manassa 2007, 407 (d).
s shape (cryptic N37↑: ).
Exs. AMD, 776, 2.
Bib. see N37↑
t shape (V13↑: / cryptic Aa15↓: ) / phonetic (ṯ ~
t).
Exs. BG, 194, 1 (2 ×) (= Manassa 2006, Text C).

Aa13 / Aa15 /
jm consonantal (jm / m).
Exs. NUT, § 56; 69.
Bib. Klotz 2011a, 487.
r shape (D21: , possibly construed as a mouth in
profile, for the frontal mouth; cf. D21↑: , p).
Exs. NIGHT, 154, 1, 2 (= Roberson 2020b, § 5, e).
Bib. Roberson 2020b, nn. 130–133.
ḥ shape (cryptic V13↑: ).
Exs. BC, pl. LXVIII, 5 (= WHb, 262, 4).
Bib. see V13↑
s shape (cryptic N37↑: ).
Exs. AMD, 779, 2.
Bib. see N37↑
ṯ/t shape (V13↑: ) / phonetic (ṯ ~ t).
Exs. BC, pl. LX, 5 (= WHb, 236, 15); LXXVII, nr. 13 (2) (= WHb,
246, 4); LXXVIII, nr. 25 (3) (= WHb, 262, 2); LXXIX, nr. 32
(1) (= WHb, 276, 1); CL, nr. 32 (P) (= WHb, 418, 3). BG,
195, 1 (2 ×) (= Manassa 2006, Texts G, M); 196, 1 (=
Manassa 2006, Text F). BSOU, pls. 5C, 14, 15 (2 ×), 16;
7B, 1 (2 ×); 8, 6, 10; 18A (first dome, T4, T5, third dome,
B3); Ramesses VI and IX passim.
Bib. Darnell 2004, 8, n. 28; Manassa 2004, 617.

Aa18
s consonantal (sɜ).
Exs. Khaemhat, 4, nr. 14. Neferrenpet, 212, nr. 15. Louvre
C65, 26, nrs. 22, 54; 29, nr. 14.
Bib. Drioton 1933a, 49, nr. 183.
Aa20
j // shape (M17↑: ).
Exs. BG, 198, 3 (= Manassa 2006, Text J).
ᶜp consonantal (ᶜpr).
Exs. BSOU, pl. 24, 25.
Bib. Darnell 2004, 217; Manassa 2004, 617.

Aa28
s shape (M40: ) / consonantal (js).
Exs. DAY, 142, 8.
Bib. Müller-Roth 2008, 147 (7g), 459.

Aa36
ᶜpr logogram (Wb I, 181.6–11).
Exs. AOTSB, 105, 1.
Bib. Roberson 2013, 109 (h).
Part 2 Reverse Index of Cryptographic Values, by
Phonetic Order
In order to conserve space on the printed page, compound signs listed in Part 1 with
the format sign number 1 + sign number 2, e.g. “A16.1 + C12i.2,” appear here under
the first sign number only, followed by an arrow, indicating “see above” under the
parent sign: A16.1↑. Cryptic determinatives appear at the end of the index. Also note
that alleged cryptic values identified in Part 1 as “unnecessary,” i.e. those possessing
contextually plausible, non-cryptic alternatives, 56 have been omitted from the
reverse index. Regarding the indexed values, it is important to recall that weak or
otherwise omissible consonants, including gender, number, and nisbe markers,
semi-vowels, and geminating or reduplicated elements (§ 6.2), might be included in
some uses of a sign but absent in others. For example, signs listed under ḫftj might
function as logograms (“enemy”) and include the final weak j, whereas rebus values
for the same signs, writing the preposition ḫft, would not. Likewise, values listed
under jmj or jn might include reduced readings, as m or n, etc. Thus, when searching
for possible mono-literal values, one should consider not only the consonant in
question but also combinations with initial- or final-weak elements. Along similar
lines, a search for possible values ending in t should consider the feminine marker
functioning by rebus as a root consonant (e.g. ɜ.t > ɜt); through omission, as a weak
element (e.g. jr.t > jrj); as well as final-t roots re-analyzed as the feminine gender
marker (e.g. ḫt > -ḫ.t). In all cases, the reader should refer to the individual
occurrences with full citations and additional bibliography, in Part 1.

D21 G17 G28 G39 G40 G43 G64 G80 G213

G39.1

M17 Z7

ɜ.t ɜᶜ ɜw.t-jb

F3 F4
I3 A245c.1
ɜḫ

F12 G1 G29a G39 G39.1 G40 M15 N8 S42

ɜḫ.t ɜs

N18 H8 V2

A1 A2 A26 A27 A53 A54 A84 A359 A366 D21

E32 F51 G1 H6 L4 M2 M16 M17.1 M17.2 M17.3

M23 M105 N18 N37 P11 Q3 S29 S43 X1 Aa20

jɜ.t jɜb jᶜn jᶜr jᶜr.t

F3 O44 R12 E17 E32 O41 I14

jw jwf

E9 G39 N18↑ M16 N27 N37 P1a F51 N21

jwn jwtj jb jbɜ jp

W25 N35 F35 M2 A32 B100

jm

D36 D40 F27 G17 Z8 Z8.1 Aa15

jmj jmj-jtn jmj-dwɜ.t

D6 F26 H8 H34 H34 H34

jmn

A4 A4c A5.1 A30 A71 C12g C12i C12L G39.2 Z8.1

jmn.tj Jmn-ḥr-ḫpš=f jn Jnpw jnr

N25↑ C12i.1 A27 M18 F127 O39

jnk jr(.t)

A359 D200 M4 D2 D12 D10 H8 H16 I14 N5

V9 W24 Aa1

jry jkɜ jt jtn

A47 L1 A26↑ A54 A296b.1↑ A434.1 I3 D12

jdn y

D18 F181 M2 M2↑ M17.1↑ M17.2↑ M105↑

D21 D26 D35 D37 D40 D41 D45 D210 D234 D235

E83 E263 F43 F51 P5 W10 Aa2

ᶜ.t ᶜɜ

F42 F43 F44 A310c F23 P8 W19

ᶜwt ᶜb ᶜp ᶜpr

E34.1 F13 D54 Aa20 Aa36

ᶜn ᶜnn ᶜnḫ

D7 O28 V9 D55 D10 L1 M9.2 V28

ᶜnḏ ᶜnḏ.tj ᶜr ᶜḥ ᶜḥɜ ᶜḥᶜ

N35 A332↑ O29 T24 A206 A21 A21a A23a

ᶜḫm ᶜq

H10 D54 G1 G25 G39 I25 P1a W11↑

Wɜs.t

B1↑ C278 C278.1

D3 D12 D21 E23 F51 G1 G4a G25 G29 G29a

G36 G39 G39.1 G40 G64 H2 L4 M2↑ N32 O211

T21a U26↑ V1 V4 V13 Z2 Z3

wɜ wɜ.t wj wjɜ

V1 G43 N36 V2 Z7 A359 P30

wjɜ n Rᶜ wjɜ nṯr wbɜ wbn wp

P109 P112 U26↑ N1↑ N5 N8 F16↑

wp.w-wɜ.wt wn wnn wnw.t wnwn

E18.1 A27 F18↑ N5 D3

wr wḥm-ms.wt wḥm-ḫᶜ.w

A19 A21 A21a A23a C155.1 E134.1 A16.1↑

C118a.1

Wsjr Wsjr-ḫntj-jmn.tjw wsr

C98e H6.1 E181↑ C19a C25 F78

wsḫ(.t) wṯz-mɜᶜ.t wdj wḏ wḏɜ.t

O4b P18 A465.1↑ D46 M13 M17 D10

D12 D210 E10↑ E24 G39 L4 M17 N18 N18↑ Q1

R7 Y1
bɜ

D234↑
A58 C4 D12 G1 G28 G39 G39.1 G64 H8

M2 R7 U25 W10 W20

bɜḥ bj.tj

G36 A45 B81 C188b N35 S3 T26

bjk bng bntj

H10 V31.1 E32

D12 F34 G39 G39.1 G40 M2 M2 N23 N37 O1

O4 O6 O49 T28 W11 Z2

pɜ pɜw.tj pᶜ.t pw

F63 G30a H5 D12↑ D12 H8 D21 D26 N1

pp pr pr-ᶜɜ pr-mḏɜ.t pḥ.tj pẖr

Aa2 F46 I24 O18 A42 O6↑ C61 E23a

psḏ ptr Ptḥ Ptḥ-tɜ-ṯnn

N6 D4↑ C19a C102d C102e C102e.1 C18f

f

A1 A9 A26 A26↑ A28 A57c A123 D21 E13 F51

+vars.

I10 I14 I14.1 I14a I14c I64 I80 L1 O34

fɜj fnḏ

A9 A26 A26↑ F63a

+vars.

A2 A26 A54 C156 C161.1 C196 D12 D21 D36 D36↑

E90
D37 D38 D40 D49 E13 F44 F51 G1 G14

G29a G31 G39 G39.1 G40 G41a G43 G47 G64 G179

M1 N5 N18 N21 N26 N35a N36 N37 O36a P8.1

Q7e R24 T30 T32 U1 V13 X8 X6 Y1 Aa11

mɜ(ɜ)

D4 D7a D10 D12 D12↑ D140 H16 H16↑ N5↑ O48

mɜᶜ mɜᶜ.t mj

V13 V31 C10a C175 V6

mw.t m-bɜḥ mn

B5d C156 G39 G39.1 G43 A26↑ N26 O25 P11

mr mry

F20 H16 N26 P8.1 N124

mḥ mḫɜ.t m-ẖnw m ẖrt hrw

A101d.1 U38 U92 O36a S28 E22↑

ms

A17 B4 C79 S28 A114.1 C80.1 C297 D36↑ H8

F125

ms sɜ.tj mkj mt mdw mds

B85
A458 D12 D52 P8 T22a T30

A18 A26 A41 A45e C185 D12 D21 D36 D38 D41

D235 F30 F34 G14 G17 G39 I9 I14 M2 M4a

M8 N1 N16 N18 N35a N36 N37 R24 S3 S55

U21a V13 V23a W22 Y1

n.t njsw.t

S3 A23a A42 A43 A43a A43b B43.1 B43.2 S1

njsw.t-bj.tj nᶜ nw

N6b S6 D54 D13 H8 O49 U21a W7

nb

A21 A23a A40c A42 A42a A42c A42c.1 A43 A43a A43b

A43c A43e A45 A54 A63b.1 A93.1↑ A101d A141a A304.1 A304.1
nb.t
A310.1 A311d C38.1 C128.1 E23 E83.1 E151a G5

B23.1

nb.tj nbw nb-p.t nb-mɜᶜ.t

C184.1↑ C184.2↑ C228 S12 A465.1↑

C98a↑ C98a↑

nb.t-ḥw.t nb-ḫᶜ.w npɜ nfr

A93.1↑ A310.1 G64 A17 A23a.2 R82a

nm nnj nr nḥ

F27 T16 B1 G14 G39

nḥɜ ns nsw(.t)

V19 Aa2 Q7 C284.1 E36 Q12

nḥb.t nḫt nt

M9 C17b C61 O49

nṯr

A23a.1 A24↑ A40 A40b A40e A41 A51d D12 D12↑ G5

G7 G7c G7d G11 N14

nṯr ᶜɜ nḏ

A239
A16 A36 A87↑ B36 A16
+vars.

D4 D6 D7 D12 D36↑ D38 D153 E23 G1 G39

G39.1 G40 H6 I14 L4 M2 M4↑ M17 N5 N18

N35 Q3 T12 V9 Aa15

Rᶜ

C1 C1d C2a C53b C59c C268 C268a D12 O48.1 O49

rᶜ-nb rw rmy.t rnp rs rd h

A23↑ C165 D9 D9a F88 D138 M23 M31 O1

hy ḥ

A26 A24 A25 A47 A73.1 A296b.1↑ C11 D19 E130

E263 F18 F51 M2 M16 M29 S28 U33

V13 Aa15

ḥɜ ḥɜt ḥ(ɜ)b ḥᶜ

M134.1 F7
M2 M134 F3 V30 A28 F51

ḥᶜ-m-Wɜst ḥwt ḥwt-nṯr ḥbs ḥf

C12i↑ O20.1↑ A40↑ A296b.1↑ S28 A57c↑

ḥfɜw ḥm ḥm.t ḥmty ḥn

I14 V28 G51 N31 T24 C156 I10↑ M17

ḥnw.t ḥnqt ḥr

F51↑
E1 W20 F51 O6 S34 S57b V9

ḥrj ḥrj-sštɜ ḥrj-tp

D3 D12 N1 N5 N11 N62 E15 D3

Ḥrw ḥḥ

A310b C58 C65a C70.1 G1 G36 N31 A73.1 C11

ḥzj ḥkn ḥqɜ ḥt

A241 A1 A2 A26 A311e.1 F63

ḥty ḥtp ḥtp-dj-njsw.t

A82.1 N1 N37 R3 Y1 A57 A57d

O34

ḥtm ḥḏ

G1 G39 G39.1 G40 P11 N5 N8 S1

A17 D12 F26 K6 M2 M3 M8 M12 M15 M17

M112 N5 N28 N37 S35 W11 X1

ḫɜᶜ ḫɜs.t ḫᶜ ḫᶜ.w

D36↑ N26 I14 N14 S1 S9 S1↑ S8

ḫw ḫr ḫp ḫpd

D43 G49 T28 V102 W11 E25 K7

ḫft ḫm

A14 A14a D19 E13 F63 F158a O18 W10

ḫnt ḫrp ḫsf

D19 F63 F63a I3 I5 N5 N29 P2 A24 U23

ḫt ẖ

G1 G39 M1.1 P1 A17 M2 N37 N37↑ N38

S35

ẖ.t ẖɜ.t ẖnw ẖnm.t

F27 F51 K5 O6↑ C225

ẖr ẖr.wj

F13 W11 F181

D12 D19 E17 E31 E134a F51 G39 H8 K2 K3

K5 M2 M23 N16 N18 N37 O35 Q12 R11 S28

U33 V6 V16 V17 Y5 Aa11 Aa15 A18 Aa28

s.t sɜ

Q12a A2 B6 D21 E17 E17↑ G1 G36 G40 G43

sɜ-Rᶜ sɜb

C95.1 C95.2 C96.1 E17 E17.1 E18.1 F27

sᶜnḫ-tɜ.wj sᶜḥ sw sb

D2 S20 M17 E17 N14

C91.1

sp sfḫ sm smɜ smɜ-tɜ.wj

G40 R20 E2 R26 W19 R26

smr smsw smd.t sn

A21a↑ A19 F16↑ D19 T22 U22.1 U23

srq-ḥty.t srt sḥ sḫm Sḫm.t

L25 M44 A206.1 G40 F39a C169.1

sḫm-ḫpš sḫr sš sšm

A59a.1 F63 E17 E54 M12↑ R20 T31 V15 V31

sk Skr sty stp

N14 G39 H1 H10 H16 P60b C184.3 A296f

Stẖ sṯɜ

A43a A43b A43e C98.1 C98.2 E17 V2

sṯɜ.w wjɜ n Rᶜ sḏm sḏr

E228 F63 Q18

C104 E12 I5 M8 M15 N36 N38 O39 Q3

šᶜ.t šwy.t šps špt šfy

F41 S9 A296g.1 K7 E1 E10

šm šmᶜ mḥw šn šr šty.t

D54 M15↑ V17 A17 O20

q qmɜ qd

A28 D54 O38 W11 A303 C227↑

k

C8 D12 D280a E2 E32 F27 F44 F51 M2 S56

T22 U22.1 U23 W11

kɜ kɜ-nḫt kbn

C8 C8.1 C94 D36↑ E1 G7.1 D58

C8.2

Km.t km-wr kkw g Gb

C227↑ E3↑ N3b D12 G39 G39.1

A21 A21a A23a A24 D12 D21 D26 D37 D52 F34

G1 G31 G39 G40 I14 L1 M2 N5 N16 N17↑

N18 N18↑ N18↑ N26 N35 O40 O48 O49 P5 R4

U33 V13 W10 W24 X2 X4 X4a↑ X6 X8 Y1

Z4 Aa1 Aa11 Aa15

tɜ

A40 A296b.1↑ C12a C18f C101.1 G31 I9 I14 L1 N1↑

N18 N35
tɜ.wj Tɜ-ṯnn tj

M9.1↑ M13↑ M15 M15↑ C12a Q7 S43 V39

tj.t Jmn tjw

C12i↑ G1 G17 G36 G39 G39.1 G40 G43

tp tf

F7 F8 F63 G17a M44 N21 N34a D26 E13

tn (ṯn) tnt tr ts tkm

C12a E1 M3.1 T14 E231

D12 D26 D41 D46 D52 E32 G40 G47 N37 U26↑

U33 X1 X2 Aa15

ṯɜw ṯn (tn)

G43 S77 T14↑

D21 D36 D36↑ D37 D38 D41 I10 I14 N26 R11

X1
dj dj ᶜnḫ

D12↑ D36 D38 D46 D234 N14 X2 A189↑ A394

dp dn dr-pḏ.t-9 dwɜ dwɜ-nṯr

see
tp↑
E1 A471.1 A4 A16 A30 M44 A30↑

dm dmḏ ds dšr.t

T30 D12 T30 T32 S3

D36 D37 D40 D46 D49 F20 I9 I14 I14.1 I14c

X8

ḏ.t ḏw ḏr.t ḏrw ḏḥ

G15 I75 D40 N25 G144 G144 A7a

Ḏḥwtj ḏsr ḏd

C3 E35 E51 G29 I14

Det. ɜ.t Det. ɜw.t Det. Jwnw

D12 D12 D12

Det. jmnt.t Det. wɜj.w Det. bj.tj

D45 F46 F34 M139

Det. bjɜ.t Det. fnṯ Det. njsw.t Det. nwḥ

N35 I9 M140 V28

Det. Nfr-tm Det. nḥm Det. Rᶜ

C12g D234 O48.1 S20

Det. ḫᶜj Det. ẖɜ.wt Det. sšm.w Det. tfj

S57 H8 C38.1 E34.1

Det. dnj.t Det. ḏ.t

O6↑ N36 N36 O51a

Appendix: Index of cryptographic signs by
number

A Men
A1 A2 A4 A4c A5.1 A7a A9

A14 A14a A16 A16.1↑ A17 A18 A19

A21 A21a A21a↑ A23a A23a.1 A23a.2 A24

A24↑ A25 A26 A26↑ A26↑ A26↑ A26↑

A26↑ A27 A28 A30 A30↑ A32 A36

A40 A40↑ A40b A40c A40e A42 A42a

A42c A42c.1 A43 A43a A43b A43c A43e

A45 A45e A47 A51d A53 A54 A57c

A57c↑ A58 A57 A57d A59.1 A63b.1 A71

A73.1 A84 A87↑ A93.1↑ A93.2↑ A101d A101d.1

A239
A114.1 A123 A141a A189↑ A206 A206.1

A241 A245c.1 A296b.1↑ A296b.1↑ A296f A296g.1 A303

A304f A304.1 A310b A310c A311d A310.1 A311e.1

A332↑ A359 A366 A394 A434.1 A458 A465.1↑

A471.1

B Women

B1 B1d↑ B4 B5d B6 B23.1 B36

B36.1 B36.2 B36.3 B36.4 B43.1 B43.2 B81

B85
B100

C Anthropomorphic deities
C1 C1d C2a C3 C4 C8 C8.1

C10a C11 C12a C12g C12i C12i↑

C8.2

C12i.1 C12i.2↑ C12L C17b C18f C19a C25

C35 C38.1 C53b C58 C59c C61 C65a

C70.1 C79 C80.1 C91.2 C94 C95.1

C91.1

C95.2 C96.1 C98.1 C98.2 C98e

C98a↑ C98a↑

C101.1 C102d C102e C102e.1 C104 C128.1

C118a.1

C155.1 C156 C161.1 C165 C169.1 C175 C184.1↑

C184.2↑ C184.3 C185 C188b C196 C225 C227

C228 C268 C268a C278 C278.1 C279 C284.1

D Parts of the human body

D2 D3 D4 D4↑ D6 D7 D7a

D9 D9a D10 D12 D12↑ D12↑ D13

D18 D19 D21 D26 D26a D26b D35

D36 D36↑ D36↑ D36↑ D36↑ D36↑ D37

D38 D40 D41 D43 D45 D46 D49

D51 D52 D53 D54 D55 D58 D60

D138 D140 D153 D200 D210 D234 D234↑

D234.1 D235 280a

D234↑

E Mammals
E1 E2 E3↑ E9 E9.1 E10 E10↑

E12 E13 E15 E17 E17↑ E17.1 E18.1

E22↑ E23 E23a E23↑ E24 E25 E31

E32 E34.1 E35 E36 E51 E54 E82.1

E83 E83.1 E90 E130 E134a E134.1 E151a

E181↑ E228 E231 E263

F Parts of mammals
F3 F4 F7 F8 F12 F13 F16↑

F16↑ F18 F18↑ F20 F21 F23 F26

F27.1 F28.1
F27 F28 F30 F34 F34↑

F35 F39a F41 F42 F43↑ F44 F46

F51↑
F51 F63 F63a F78 F88 F125

F127 F181 F158a

G Birds

G1 G4a G5 G7 G7.1 G7c G7d

G11
G14 G15 G17 G17a G25 G28

G29 G29a G30a G31 G36 G39 G39.1

G39.2 G40 G41a G43 G47 G49 G51

G64 G64.1 G80 G144 G144b G179 G213

H Parts of birds

H1 H2 H5 H6 H6.1 H8 H10

H16 H16↑ H34

I Reptiles and their parts

I3 I5 I6↑ I6↑ I9 I10 I10↑

I14.1 I14a I14c [I25]?

I14 I24 I64

I64.1 I75 I80

K Fish and their parts

K2 K3 K5 K6 K7

L Invertebrates
L1 L4 L25

M Plants

M1 M1.1 M2 M2↑ M3 M3.1 M4

M4a M8 M9 M9.1↑ M9.2 M12 M13

M13↑ M15 M15↑ M16 M17 M17.1 M17.1↑

M17.2 M17.2↑ M17.3 M18 M22 M23 M29

M31 M44 M105 M105↑ M107 M112 M127↑

M134.1
M134 M137↑ M139 M140

N Earth, sky, water

 N1↑
N1 N1↑ N3b N5 N5↑
N1↑

N6 N6b N8 N8↑ N11 N14 N16

N17 N18 N18↑ N18↑ N18↑

N17↑ N17↑

N18↑ N19 N21 N23 N25 N25↑

N21↑

N26 N26↑ N27 N28 N29 N31 N32

N34a? N35 N35a N36 N36↑ N37 N37↑

N38
N62 N124

O Buildings and their parts

 O1.1 O6↑
O1 O4 O4b O6 O6↑

O6↑ O6↑ O6↑ O18 O20 O20.1↑ O25

O28 O29 O34 O35 O36a O38 O39

O40 O41 O42 O44 O48 O48.1 O49

O51a O211

P Ships and their parts

P8.1
P1 P1a P2 P5 P8 P11

P18 P30 P60b P109 P112

Q Domestic and funerary furniture

Q1 Q3 Q7 Q7a Q7e Q12 Q12a

Q18
R Temple furniture and sacred emblems

R3 R4 R7 R8↑ R11 R12 R17a↑

R19↑ R20 R24 R26 R82a

S Crowns, dress, and staves

S1 S1↑ S1↑ S3 S6 S8 S8a

S9 S12 S20 S24 S28 S29 S34

S35 S42 S43 S55 S55↑ S56 S57b

S77

T Warfare, hunting, and butchery

T12 T14 T16 T21a T22 T22a T24

T26 T28 T30 T31 T32

U Agriculture, crafts, and professions

U22.1
U1 U21a U23 U25 U26↑ U33

U36↑ U38 U92

V Rope, fiber, and baskets

V1 V2 V4 V6 V9 V13 V15

V16 V17 V17↑ V19 V23a V28 V30

V31 V31.1 V39 V102

W Stone and ceramic vessels

W7 W10 W10↑ W11 W11↑ W19 W20

W22 W24 W25 W54 W56↑

X Bread loaves and cakes

X1 X1↑ X2 X2.1 X4 X4a↑ X6

Y Writing and games

Y1 Y5

Z Strokes and dots

Z2 Z3 Z4 Z7 Z8 Z8.1

Aa Unclassified

Aa1 Aa2 Aa11 Aa13 Aa15 Aa18 Aa20

Aa28 Aa36
Notes
1 Thus, →Hornung 1979–1980 (Gates); →Hornung
1987–1994 (Amduat); →Roulin 1996 (Night); Von
Lieven 2007 (Nut); →Müller-Roth 2008 (Day);
→Werning 2011 (Caverns); →Roberson 2012
(Earth); and Roberson 2013 (Awakening of
Osiris).
2 Notably, →Manassa 2004; →Manassa 2006, 112
ff.; →Müller-Roth 2008, 452–459; →Werning 2008,
137–151; and →Espinel 2010, 329–335;
→Roberson 2013, 141–149.
3 For terminology and additional references, see
Darnell 2004, 1, n. 1; and Roberson 2020a, n. 1;
see also Werning 2020, for a distinction between
cryptographic and “alienated” orthographies.
4 See discussions of cryptography as a feature of
Egyptian elite scribal culture in Darnell 2020,
“Non-Royal Cryptography.”
5 In many cases (e.g., Amduat, Book of the Earth,
and cryptographic titularies), direct, non-cryptic
parallels render a cryptographic sign’s value fully
transparent and secure (see Werning 2008;
Roberson 2007). In others (e.g., Book of Gates
judgment scene, the Awakening of Osiris, and
 the “Jackal Hymn”), parallel cryptic sources
provide additional insight into otherwise obscure
signs (see Manassa 2006; Roberson 2013;
Roberson 2020b). In all cases, a plausible reading
“must be consistent with the compositions and
genres of which they are a part” (Darnell 2004,
11, n. 43), citing reasonable comparanda to avoid
the proliferation of spurious, ad hoc values
(compare, for instance, criticisms offered in
Lurson 2017, 224–225, and esp. 226, at n. 23).
6 Note that certain, exceedingly common values
(generally in excess of 20 occurrences within a
single composition) have been listed in italics as
“passim” for the source in question, rather than
enumerating a needlessly long list of
occurrences with transparent derivations. Some
of these common values also appear frequently
in non-cryptic inscriptions, e.g., the red crown (s.
v. S3) for n, or the knife-sharpener (s. v. T31) for
sšm, select examples of which can be located
easily in the standard references, such as
Gardiner’s Grammar and the Berlin Wörterbuch.
7 Primarily Saite- and Persian-era parallels to the
judgment scene from the Book of Gates, as
catalogued in Manassa 2007; and Third
Intermediate Period, Saite, and Ptolemaic
parallels for the AOTSB, as catalogued in
Roberson 2013.
8 S.v. for instance I9 ( ), which occurs with the
value tɜ in indisputably cryptographic contexts
(Book of Gates and Solar-Osirian Unity) but also
in isolated, non-cryptic contexts, evidently in
error (Amduat). The best examples of isolated
signs and words, which were understood in
antiquity as enigmatic, are those which the
ancient authors have glossed with plaintext
“translations,” for which see Werning 2008; and
Werning 2020, § 2.3.
9 For terminology, see Darnell 2004, 14–15; and
Darnell 2020.
10 E.g., Gunn 1926, 136–137; Faulkner 1981.
11 For an overview of this development, see Darnell
2004.
12 See, e.g., Sauneron 1982; Leitz 2001; Leitz 2008.
13 E.g., the cryptogram (s. v. G39), which occurs
with tremendous frequency and a wide range of
values, also appears with its conventional value,
as sɜ, in come cryptic texts (e.g., AMD, 446–47);
the Lexicon records only the former, cryptic
examples, omitting the latter, conventional
value.
14 E.g., Jurman 2010, 227–242.
15 See Drioton 1957; Hornung and Staehelin, 1976,
173–176; Morenz 2004, 315–316; Cooney and
Tyrrell 2005, 2, 4, 7–11, and passim; Espinel 2010,
321–322.
16 For a cogent rebuttal of “scarab cryptography,”
see Ward 1978, 58–64. Note that Ward’s damning
criticism regarding the “lack of any real system”
(ibid., 59) in the decipherment of cryptography
was directed specifically against Drioton’s
principle of acrophony, for which see § 6.1,
below.
17 Gardiner 1994, 438–548.
18 →http://jsesh.qenherkhopeshef.org/.
19 E.g., see recently Meeks 2004, i–xxv; Meeks 2007.
20 Cf. comments in Werning 2016, “Epigraphie.”
21 Drioton 1934, 193.
22 Fairman 1945, 133–137; Darnell 2004, 10–12; Klotz
2012b.
23 Fairman 1943, 298–305; Fairman 1945, 51–54, 80–
97, 130–138. For additional references, see
Darnell 2020, n. 12; and Roberson 2019a, n. 22.
24 For examples, s. v. D12, b; D60, wp; O42, š; W54,
wp.
25 Fairman 1945, 62–63, 109–110; cf. also Vikentiev
1943, 117–118.
26 Compare, e.g., Effland and Effland 2004, 11 (E),
“sɜ (über Akrophonie) als ‘s’”; Werning 2004, 189,
[N.26 / ḏw] “in the Amduat… most likely stands
for /t’/… according to the acrophonic principle…
SⲦⲞⲞⲨ ~ BⲦⲰⲞⲨ”; and Espinel 2010, 334, P5,
“Acrophony from ᶜ(ɜ)”; versus ibid, 335, T21,
“Consonantal principle from… m(sn).” The first
and third examples, through reduction of final
weak aleph (cf. Coptic Ⲟ, Ⲁ–; Greek -ω-; Wb I,
161), and the second example, through reduction
of final weal w, represent the consonantal
principle, while the last example, through
omission of multiple, strong consonants (cf.
Coptic ⲘⲞⲤⲚ; Wb II, 145), constitutes acrophony.
Confusing terminological inconsistencies appear
already in the works of Drioton, e.g., 1936, 4,
“[cryptic value s] par acrophonie consonantique
de wsyr, « Osiris »; [cryptic value t] par
acrophonie de ty.t.” The former example
constitutes acrophony (cf. Coptic ⲞⲨⲤⲒⲢⲈ,
ⲞⲨⲤⲈⲢ–; Wb I, 359), while the latter, through
reduction of final weak gender marker .t and
medial semi-vowel -y-, represents the
consonantal principle.
27 Fairman 1945, 132 ff. Thus, already Vikentiev
1943, 117–118.
28 Fairman 1945, 63.
29 Fairman 1943, 296; Fairman 1945, 64, 110.
30 Fairman 1945, 110.
31 Klotz 2012b, 27–29.
32 Vikentiev 1943, 118.
33 Fairman 1945, 114–115.
34 Étienne-Fart 1994, 136.
35 Note that some thematic cryptograms are
anything but “direct”; cf., for example, the
complex, but nevertheless secure, derivation for
the cat, as a writing of f (s. v. E13, Bib.).
36 The term antonomasia, like acrophony (§ 6.1),
has been applied inconsistently and inaccurately
in Egyptological literature. Thus, e.g., Drioton
1936a, 5, suggests that “L’étoile, , est, par
antonomase, « Celle qui se lève »”; Étienne-Fart
1994, 135, critiquing such solutions as
unconvincing, explains that antonomasia
involves “la désignation d’une divinité par un
substantif ou un adjectif indiquant l’élément, ou
 la qualité, qu’elle représenterait par excellence.”
However, while Étienne-Fart is correct to point
out the subjective nature of Drioton’s
methodology, the method he describes does not
constitute antonomasia, properly speaking,
because it does not involve an attested epithet.
Cryptic values derived from a quality or adjective,
where context demands, should be regarded
simply as direct representations, e.g. A310c (s.
v.), showing a royal figure as a writing of ᶜɜ,
“great,” or various crowned figures employed as
direct representations of a nb, “lord.”
37 Fairman 1945, 99.
38 I have chosen to omit, for example, the so-called
“sculptural cryptograms” (Taterka 2015, 72–74),
in which design elements in royal or private
statuary spell out all or part of an individual’s
name. These types of rebus spellings (see below)
generally employ signs with more or less
standard Hieroglyphic values, which only appear
“cryptographic” by virtue of their sculptural
context, as design elements.
39 For this phenomenon, see Werning 2008.
40 For examples of rebus substituions as design
elements, which have not been included in the
present corpus, see Silverman 1980.
41 See Fairman 1945, 122–23.
42 Darnell 2004, 14–15; and see now Klotz 2020. Cf.,
for instance, sign A311e.1, which depicts a
standing god wearing the elaborate crown of
Geb and carrying a ḥqɜ-scepter; the entire group
conveys only the ḥqɜ-value. However, the choice
of Geb, in the context of a cryptic titulary of
Ramesses VI, surely alludes to the king as the
Osirian son of Geb.
43 For contemporary and earlier phases of the
language, see references in Roberson 2013, 5,
nn. 19–21. For Ptolemaic, see Fairman 1945, 64–
67, 92–97, 111–112. Note that the cryptic
interchange of ᶜ with r probably reflects a
weakening of the latter consonant but not the
former (see ibid., 94a). Also noteworthy is the
exceptional use of ḫ for k and g, for which see
references in Darnell 2004, 128, n. 408; with
caveats in Quack 2005, 27.
44 For the graphic interchange of phonetically
similar consonants, esp. with regard to d ~ t, see
discussion and references in Schweitzer, 2011,
135, n. 40, and 137, n. 66; for a dissenting view,
cf. Werning 2020.
45 Note that the interchange of d and t has been
challenged in Werning 2004, 187–188 and ff.; for
 counter-arguments and examples supporting
the interchange of d and t from the New
Kingdom and earlier, cf. Schweitzer 2011, 133–
142; and Roberson 2018b.
46 For the ideal square and its elaboration in
Ramesside and later times, see Loprieno 1995,
21–23.
47 Thus, also Werning 2020, § 3.1, 7d. Compare also
Ptolemaic examples in Fairman 1945, 116; for
non-cryptic, graphic confusions and assimilation
of similarly shaped signs from the Old Kingdom
and later, compare, for instance, Régen 2010.
48 See already Sethe 1924 and cf. from the present
corpus E22 + N5.
49 For Ptolemaic examples, see Fairman 1945, 106–
107.
50 Cf. thus, with regard to Ptolemaic, Fairman 1945,
128–130.
51 Werning 2008, 144.
52 Darnell 2004 43, nn. 28–30.
53 For general references, see Osing 1982, 573.
54 Thus, Darnell 2004, 43, who notes that the
onomatopoeic explanation for p “cannot be seen
as a complete solution.”.
55 S.v. E130, for a tentative suggestion of
onomatopoeia. In addition to the three
“unknown” signs cited above, only the
derivations for L1 (jkɜ, f, tɜ) and M4 (jnk) remain
unexplained.
56 Thus, s. v. D60, wp; N18, š; O42, š; W54, wp.