Subject Code/Name: EC 8691 /MICROPROCESSORS & MICROCONTROLLERS

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

UNIT I-THE 8086 MICROPROCESSOR

PART – A
1 Write the flags of 8086. AU-AM REMEMBER CO1 PI
2021 BT-L1 1.3.1
The flags of 8086 microprocessor
 Sign Flag (S)
 Zero Flag (Z)
 Auxiliary Cary Flag (AC)
 Parity Flag (P)
 Carry Flag (CY)
 Overflow Flag (O)
 Directional Flag (D)
 Interrupt Flag (I)
 Trap Flag (T)
2 List the types of interrupts in 8086 AU-AM REMEMBER CO1 PI
2021 BT-L1 1.3.1
The types of interrupts in 8086:
 Divide by zero interrupt (Type 0)
 Single step interrupt (Type 1)
 Non Maskable interrupt (Type 2)
 Breakpoint interrupt (Type 3)
 Overflow interrupt ( Type 4)
 Software interrupt
3 State the advantages of subroutine. AU-ND REMEMBER CO1 PI
2019 BT-L1 1.4.1
 Decomposing a complex programming task into simpler steps.
 Reducing duplicate code within a program.
 Enabling reuse of code across multiple programs.
 Dividing a large programming task among various programmers, or various stages
of a project.
 Hiding implementation details from users of the subroutine.
 Improving readability of code by replacing a block of code with a function call
where a descriptive function name serves to describe the block of code. This makes
the calling code concise and readable even if the function is not meant to be reused.
 Improving traceability.
4 For microprocessor, the contents of the AU-ND REMEMBER CO1 PI
registers are, CS=2001H, SS=6046, 2019 BT-L1 2.1.3
IP=2456, SP=2200H. Calculate the
corresponding physical address for the
addressed byte in a)CS b) SS.
a)Code segment =20010 H
IP + = 2456 H
Physical address =22466 H
MP & MC 3. 9 KCE / ECE / QB / III Yr / MP & MC
 Subject Code/Name: EC 8691 /MICROPROCESSORS & MICROCONTROLLERS
b)Stack segment =60460 H
SP = 2200 H
Physical address =62660 H
5 Give the examples for the following modes of REMEMBER CO1 PI
addressing. BT-L1 2.1.3
(i)Relative based indexed mode
(ii)Direct addressing
(i) Relative based indexed mode
Example:
In this mode, the EA is the sum of base register, index register and displacement
MOV AL, [BX+SI+10H]
(ii) Direct addressing
In this type of addressing mode the effective address is directly given in the instruction as
displacement.
Example:
MOV AX, [DISP]
MOV AX, [0500]
6 What is the need for interrupts in microprocessor REMEMBER CO1 PI
operation? BT-L1 1.4.1
 An interrupt is a condition that halts the microprocessor temporarily to work on a
different task and then return to its previous task.

 Interrupt is an event or signal that request to attention of CPU. This halt allows
peripheral devices to access the microprocessor.
 Whenever an interrupt occurs the processor completes the execution of the current
instruction and starts the execution of an Interrupt Service Routine (ISR) or Interrupt
Handler.
7 What are Byte and String Manipulation? REMEMBER CO1 PI
BT-L1 1.3.1
 String is a series of data byte or word available in memory at consecutive locations.
 It is either referred as byte string or word string.
 Their memory is always allocated in a sequential order. Instructions used to manipulate
strings are called string manipulation instructions.
8 Define stack pointer. REMEMBER CO1 PI
BT-L1 1.3.1
 A stack pointer is a specialized buffer which stores data from the top to down. As new
requests come in, they "push down" the older ones.
 The most recently entered request always resides at the top of the stack, and the
program always takes requests from the top.
9 List the various addressing modes of 8086. REMEMBER CO1 PI
BT-L1 2.2.4
The various addressing modes of 8086 are:
 Register Addressing mode :
 Immediate Addressing mode:
 Register Indirect Addressing mode:
 Direct Addressing mode:
 Indexed Addressing mode:
 Base Relative Addressing mode:
 Base Indexed addressing mode:
MP & MC 3. 10 KCE / ECE / QB / III Yr / MP & MC
 Subject Code/Name: EC 8691 /MICROPROCESSORS & MICROCONTROLLERS
10 Define Macros. REMEMBER CO1 PI
BT-L1 1.3.1
 Macros are small routines that are used to replace strings in the program. They can
have parameters passed to them, which enhances the functionality of the micro itself.
 A Macro is a group of instructions with a name. When a macro is invoked, the
associated set of instructions is inserted in place in to the source, replacing the macro
name. Macros provide several powerful mechanisms useful for the development of
generic programs.
11 The offset address of a data is (341B)H and the data REMEMBER CO1 PI
segment register value is (123A)H. What is the BT-L1 2.1.3
physical address of the data?
 Dada segment Address is (123A)H
 Base address of data segment is (123A0)H
 Physical address = Base address + Offset address
= (123A0) H+ (341B) H
= (157BB) H
12 List the segment registers of 8086. REMEMBER CO1 PI
BT-L1 1.4.1
The segment registers of 8086 are:
 Code Segment register
 Data Segment register
 Stack Segment register
 Extra Segment register
13 Write about the different types of interrupts REMEMBER CO1 PI
supported in 8086? BT-L1 1.4.1
 The following are the different types of interrupts supported in 8086:
(i) Hardware Interrupt
 Maskable Interrupts
 Non-Maskable Interrupts
(ii) Software Interrupts
 256 Types of Software Interrupts
14 Identify the addressing modes in the following REMEMBER CO1 PI
instruction. BT-L1 2.1.2
AND AL, BL - Register Addressing mode
SUB AL, 24H - Immediate Addressing mode
MOV AL, (BP) - Register Indirect Addressing mode
MOV CX, 1245H. - Direct Addressing mode
15 What is a tristate bus? REMEMBER CO1 PI
BT-L1 1.2.1
 A three-state bus is a computer bus connected to multiple tri-state output devices, only
one of which can be enabled at any point to avoid bus contention. This scheme allows
for the same bus to be shared among multiple devices.
16 What is an assembler? REMEMBER CO1 PI
BT-L1 1.3.1
 An assembler is a program that takes basic computer instructions and converts them
into a pattern of bits that the computer's processor can use to perform its basic
operations.
 Assemblers need to:

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 Subject Code/Name: EC 8691 /MICROPROCESSORS & MICROCONTROLLERS
(i) Translate assembly instructions and pseudo-instructions into machine instructions.
(ii) Convert decimal numbers, etc. specified by programmer into binary.
 Typically, assemblers make two passes over the assembly file:
(i) First pass: Reads each line and records labels in a symbol table.
(ii) Second pass: Use info in symbol table to produce actual machine code for each line.
17 Why is the 8086 memory divided into odd and even REMEMBER CO2 PI
banks? BT-L1 2.2.2
 The address space is physically connected to a 16-bit data bus by dividing the address
space into two 8-bit banks of up to 512 k bytes each.
 One bank is connected to the lower half of the 16-bit data bus (D 0 – D7) and contains
even address bytes, i.e., when A0 bit is low, the bank is selected.
 The other bank is connected to the upper half of the data bus (D 8 - D15) and contains
odd address bytes, i.e., when A0 is high and BHE (Bus High Enable) is low, the odd bank
is selected. A specific byte within each bank is selected by address lines A1-A19.
18 What do you mean by segment override prefix? REMEMBER CO1 PI
BT-L1 1.4.1
 A segment override prefix allows any segment register (DS, ES, SS, or CS) to be used as
the segment when evaluating addresses in an instruction.
 An override is made by adding the segment register plus a colon to the beginning of the
memory reference of the instruction as in the following examples:
MOV AX, [ES: 60126] ; Use ES as the segment
MOV AX, [CS: BX] ; Use CS as the segment
MOV AX, [SS: BP+SI+3] ; Use SS as the segment
19 What are the 8086 instructions used for BCD REMEMBER CO1 PI
arithmetic? BT-L1 1.3.1
 DAA(DECIMAL ADJUST AFTER BCD ADDITION)-This instruction is used to make sure
the result of adding two packed BCD numbers is adjusted to a legal BCD number.
 DAS (DECIMAL ADJUST AFTER BCD SUBTRACTION)-This instruction is used after
subtracting one packed BCD number from another packed BCD number, to make sure
the result is correct packed BCD.
20 What are the contents of AL and CY after the REMEMBER CO1 PI
execution of the following segment? BT-L1 2.1.2
MOV BL, B5H
RCL BL, 3
MOV AL, BL
Output:
C=0 , BL=10110101
After 1strotation,C=1 ,BL=01101010
After 2ndrotation,C=0 ,BL=11010101
After 3rdrotation,C=1 ,BL=10101011
21 What are the 8086 instructions used for ASCII REMEMBER CO1 PI
arithmetic? BT-L1 1.3.1
The 8086 instructions used for ASCII arithmetic are:
 AAA : ASCII adjust after addition
 AAS : ASCII adjust after subtraction
 AAM : ASCII adjust after multiplication
 AAD : ASCII adjusts before division.
22 List the various string instructions available in REMEMBER CO1 PI
8086. BT-L1 2.2.4
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 Subject Code/Name: EC 8691 /MICROPROCESSORS & MICROCONTROLLERS
The various string instructions of 8086 are:
(i) MOVS : Move byte or word string
(ii) MOVSB, MOVSW : Move byte, word string
(iii) CMPS : Compare byte or word string
(iv) SCAS : Scan byte or word string (comparing to A or AX)
(v) LODS, STOS : Load, store byte or word string to AL or AX
23 How clock signal is generated in 8086 REMEMBER CO1 PI
microprocessor? BT-L1 1.2.1
 The clock signal of 8086 is generated using 8284 clock generator.
 The crystal is connected to the crystal oscillator input of 8284 to generate the clock
signal.
 The maximum internal frequency of 8086 is 5 MHz.
24 How will carry and zero flags reflect the result of the REMEMBER CO1 PI
instruction CMP BX, CX? BT-L1 1.3.1
 The carry and zero flags reflect the following result for CMP BX,CX instruction:
If BX>CX, carry flag=1
If BX=CX, zero flag=1
If BX<CX, carry flag=0
25 What is an assembler directive? Give two examples. REMEMBER CO1 PI
BT-L1 1.3.1
 Assembler directives or pseudo instructions are to help the programmer to
communicate the program requirements to the assembler.
 Examples: ASSUME, DB, DD, DQ, DT, END, ENDS, ENDP, EQU etc.

PART B

1 How would you show your understanding of AU-AM UNDERSTAND CO1 PI

internal hardware architecture of 8086 2021 BT-L2 1.3.1
microprocessor with neat diagram? (13)
2 What are the various addressing modes of 8086 AU-AM REMEMBER CO1 PI
microprocessor with examples? (13) 2021 BT-L1 1.3.1
3 For 8086 Microprocessor what are the instruction set REMEMBER CO1 PI
and assembler directives? (13) BT-L1 1.3.1
4 Explain the various addressing modes of 8086 REMEMBER CO1 PI
microprocessor with suitable examples. (13) BT-L1 2.2.4
5 Draw and explain the architecture of 8086 with neat REMEMBER CO1 PI
diagram. (13) BT-L1 1.3.1
6 Describe the interrupts of 8086 and its types with UNDERSTAND CO3 PI
service routine. (13) BT-L1 1.3.1
7 (i)Explain briefly about the internal hardware REMEMBER CO1 PI
architecture of 8086 microprocessor with a neat BT-L1 1.3.1
diagram. (08)
(ii)Write short note about assembler directives. (05)
8 Classify the different addressing modes of 8086 ANALYZE CO1 PI
microprocessor with suitable examples. (13) BT-L4 2.2.4
9 Define interrupts and their types. Write in detail, about REMEMBER CO1 PI
interrupt service routine. (13) BT-L1 1.3.1
10 (i)Explain briefly about the internal hardware REMEMBER CO1 PI
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 Subject Code/Name: EC 8691 /MICROPROCESSORS & MICROCONTROLLERS
architecture of 8086 microprocessor with a neat 1.3.1
diagram. (08) BT-L1
(ii)Write a 8086 ALP to convert BCD data to Binary
data. (05) APPLY
BT-L3
11 (i)The data transfer rate of I/O Device ‘A’ is considerably APPLY CO2 PI
less than that of the microprocessor. Draw a flowchart BT-L3 1.3.1
of data transfer operation to be used. (06)
(ii)Describe the functions of execution unit and bus REMEMBER
interface unit. (07) BT-L1
12 (i) Develop a program to transfer 10 bytes of data from APPLY CO1 PI
memory location starting from 2000H. (07) BT-L3 2.1.3
(ii)Describe program location control directives with REMEMBER
suitable examples. (06) BT-L1
13 (i) Develop a program to multiply two 16 bit numbers APPLY CO1 PI
stored in P1 and P2. (07) BT-L3 2.1.3
(ii)Explain rotate and shift instructions with suitable REMEMBER
examples. (08) BT-L1
14 With neat diagrams explain the bus interfacing unit and REMEMBER CO2 PI
execution unit available in 8086 microprocessor. (13) BT-L1 1.4.1
15 Briefly explain the addressing modes in 8086 REMEMBER CO1 PI
microprocessor with example. (13) BT-L1 1.4.1
16 (i) Briefly explain the arithmetic group of instructions of REMEMBER CO1 PI
8086 processor. (07) BT-L1 1.3.1
(ii)Briefly explain the assembler directives available in
8086. (06)
17 (i) Explain the 8086 interrupt types in detail. (06) REMEMBER CO2 PI
(ii)Describe how memory is accessed in 8086 with BT-L1 1.2.1
suitable diagram (07)
18 Explain the architecture of 8086 microprocessor. (13) REMEMBER CO1 PI
BT-L1 1.3.1
19 (i)Describe the architecture of 8086 microprocessor REMEMBER CO2 PI
with neat diagram. (08) BT-L1 1.3.1
(ii)What are the differences between memory mapped UNDERSTAND
I/O and I/O mapped I/O. (05) BT-L2
20 (i) What do you mean by assembler directives? Explain REMEMBER CO1 PI
SEGEMENT, TYPE, OFFSET with suitable examples. (06) BT-L1 1.3.1

(ii)Write an 8086 ALP to check whether the given string

is palindrome or not. (07)

PART - C
1. i)Write an 8086 ALP to find the sum of AU-AM APPLY CO1 PI
numbers in an array of 10 elements. 2021 BT-L3
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 Subject Code/Name: EC 8691 /MICROPROCESSORS & MICROCONTROLLERS
(08) (8) 2.1.3
ii)Write an 8086 ALP to find the largest
number and smallest number in an array.
(07)
2. (i) Discuss the data movement and program control REMEMBER CO1 PI
instructions of 8086. (10) BT-L1 2.1.3
(ii)Write an 8086 ALP to find the sum of numbers in the APPLY
array of 10 elements. (05) BT-L3
3 Write the 8086 assembly language program to arrange APPLY CO1 PI
the set of numbers in ascending order and explain. BT-L3 2.1.3
(15)
4 (i) Explain the data transfer, arithmetic and branch REMEMBER CO1 PI
instructions with examples. (08) BT-L1 2.1.3
(ii) Write an 8086 ALP to find the sum of numbers in an APPLY
array of 10 elements. (07) BT-L3
5. (i)Write an 8086 ALP to separate odd and even APPLY CO1 PI
numbers in a given array. (07) BT-L3 2.1.3
(ii)Explain the data transfer group and logical group of REMEMBER
8086 instruction with necessary examples. (08) BT-L1

UNIT II- 8086 SYSTEM BUS STRUCTURE

PART-A

1 How clock signal is generated in 8086? AU-AM REMEMBER CO1 PI

What is the maximum internal clock 2021 BT-L1 1.3.1
frequency of 8086?
 The 8086 does not have on-chip clock generation circuit. Hence the clock generator
chip, 8284 is connected to the CLK pin of 8086. The clock signal supplied by 8284 is
divided by three for internal use.
 The maximum internal clock frequency of 8086 is 5 MHz.
2 What is the function of MN/MX pin ? AU-AM REMEMBER CO1 PI
2021 BT-L1 1.3.1
MN/MX is an input pin used to select one of this mode.
 When MN/MX is high the 8086 operates in minimum mode. In this mode the 8086 is
configured to support single processor system.
 When MN/MX is low 8086 is configured to support multiprocessor system.
3 State the function of ALE signal. AU-ND REMEMBER CO1 PI
2019 BT-L1 1.3.1
ALE is the 8086 signal which is used demultiplex the AD 0-AD15 into A0-A15 and D0 to D15 using
external latches
4 Draw the simplified diagram of co- AU-ND REMEMBER CO1 PI
processor based multiprocessor system. 2019 BT-L1 1.3.1

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 Subject Code/Name: EC 8691 /MICROPROCESSORS & MICROCONTROLLERS
The simplified diagram of co-processor based multiprocessor system is:

5 Define System Bus. REMEMBER CO1 PI

BT-L1 1.3.1
 Bus is a group of wires or lines that are used to transfer the addresses of Memory or
I/O devices. It us unidirectional.
 In Intel 8086 microprocessor, Address bus is of 16 bits.
This means that Microprocessor 8086 can transfer maximum 16 bit address
which means it can address 65,536 different memory locations.
6 What are pointers and index registers? REMEMBER CO1 PI
BT-L1 1.3.1
 IP, BP and SP are the pointers and contain offsets within the code, data and stack
segments respectively.
SI and DI are the index registers, which are used as general purpose registers and also
for offset storage in case of indexed, based indexed and relative based indexed
addressing modes.
7 List two differences between maximum mode and UNDERSTAND CO1 PI
minimum mode configuration of 8086. BT-L2 2.2.4
Sl.No Minimum mode Maximum mode
1. In maximum mode there can be
In minimum mode there can be
multiple processors with 8086,
only one processor i.e. 8086.
like 8087 and 8089.
2. ALE for the latch is given by 8086 ALE for the latch is given by 8288
as it is the only processor in the bus controller as there can be
circuit. multiple processors in the circuit.
8 What is meant by multiprogramming? UNDERSTAND CO1 PI
BT-L2 1.3.1
 Multiprogramming is the technique of running several process at a time using
timesharing.
 It allows a computer to do several things at the same time.

9 What is the need of LOCK signal? REMEMBER CO1 PI

BT-L1 1.3.1
 It is an active low pin.
 It indicates that other system bus masters have not been allowed to gain control of
the system bus while LOCK' is active low(0).
 The LOCK signal will be active until the completion of the next instruction.
10 Write some example for advanced processors. REMEMBER CO1 PI
BT-L1 1.3.1

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 Subject Code/Name: EC 8691 /MICROPROCESSORS & MICROCONTROLLERS
The examples for advanced processors are:
 80386, 80486
 Pentium-I, Pentium-II
 Pentium-III
11 Define machine cycle. REMEMBER CO1 PI
BT-L1 1.3.1
 Machine cycle is defined as the time required completing one operation. It includes 3 to
6 T-states.
 The machine cycle is a 4 process cycle that includes reading and interpreting the
machine language, executing the code and then storing that code.
12 Differentiate External verses Internal bus. REMEMBER CO1 PI
BT-L1 2.2.3
 Internal Data Bus: The internal data bus only works inside a CPU that is internally. It is
able to communicate with the internal cache memories of the CPU. Since they are
internally placed they are relatively quick and are now affected by the rest of the
computer.
 External Data bus: This type of bus is used to connect and interface the computer to its
connected peripheral devices. Since they are external and do not lie within the circuitry
of the CPU they are relatively slower.
13 Compare closely coupled and loosely coupled UNDERSTAND CO1 2.2.4
configurations. BT-L2
Closely coupled configurations Loosely coupled configurations
A multiprocessor system with A multiprocessor system in which each
common shared memory is known as processor has its own private local memory
closely coupled System. is known as loosely coupled system.
Here, the information can be shared Here, the information is transferred from
among the CPUs by placing it in the one processor to other by message-passing
common global memory. system.
Parallelism can be implemented less Parallelism can be implemented more
efficiently. efficiently.
System structure is less flexible. System structure is more flexible.

14 Define bus. Why bus request and cycle stealing are UNDERSTAND CO1 PI
required? BT-L2 1.3.1
 Bus is a group of wires to transfer data from source to destination.
 In the cycle stealing mode, the DMA controller obtains access to the system bus
using BR (Bus Request) and BG (Bus Grant) signals, which are the two signals
controlling the interface between the CPU and the DMA controller.
15 State the different data transfer schemes. REMEMBER CO1 PI
BT-L1 1.3.1
There are two types of data transfer scheme:
 Synchronous
 It is the data method which is used when the IO and Microprocessor match in Speed.
To transfer a data to or from the device, the user program issues a suitable
instruction addressing the device. The data transfer is completed at the end of the
execution of the instruction.
 Asynchronous

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 Subject Code/Name: EC 8691 /MICROPROCESSORS & MICROCONTROLLERS
It is the data transfer method which is used when the speed of the IO device does not
match with the microprocessor. Asynchronous data transfer method is also known
as handshaking.
16 What are the advantages of memory mapped I/O UNDERSTAND CO1 PI
over I/O-mapped I/O? BT-L2 2.2.4
Sl.No. Memory mapped I/O I/O-mapped I/O
1 I/O is treated as memory. I/O is treated I/O.
2 16-bit addressing. 8- bit addressing.
3 More Decoder Hardware. Less Decoder Hardware.
4 Can address 216=64k locations. Can address 28=256 locations.
5 Less memory is available. Whole memory address space is available.

17 What is the function of LOCK and RQ/ GT signals? REMEMBER CO1 PI

BT-L1 1.3.1
 LOCK signal indicates that other systems bus master will be prevented from gaining the
system bus, while LOCK signal is low. It is activated by the LOCK Prefix instruction and
remains active until the end of the next instruction.
 Request / Grant Signals:
 In a maximum mode configuration, the minimum mode HOLD, HLDA interface is also
changed. These two are replaced by request/grant lines RQ/ GT 0 and RQ/ GT1,
respectively.
 It is used for bus requests and bus grants.
18 State the functions of queue status lines QS0 and QS1 UNDERSTAND CO1 PI
in 8086. BT-L2 1.3.1
and - Queue status: The queue status bits shows the status of the internal
instruction Queue. QS1 and QS0 reflect the status of the instruction queue. This status
indicates the activity in the queue during the previous clock cycle.
The encoding of these signals is as follows:

QS0 QS1 Function

0 0 No operation, queue is idle
0 1 First byte of opcode
1 0 Queue is empty
1 1 Subsequent byte of opcode
19 What is meant by loosely coupled configuration? REMEMBER CO1 PI
BT-L1 1.3.1
 In Multiprocessor system, two 8086’s cannot be tied directly together.
 In a loosely coupled configuration a number of modules of 8086 can be through a
common system bus to work as a multiprocessor system.
20 When the 8086 processor is in ‘Max mode’ and ‘Min REMEMBER CO1 PI
mode’? BT-L1 1.3.1
The 8086 provides MN/MX pin to select the mode of operation:
 MN/MX =1 for minimum mode and
 MN/MX =0 for maximum mode.
21 List any four 8087 data formats. REMEMBER CO1 PI
BT-L1 1.3.1
The following are the few data formats of 8087:

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 Subject Code/Name: EC 8691 /MICROPROCESSORS & MICROCONTROLLERS
 Word integer
 Short integer
 Short real
 Long real
22 What are the features of closely coupled REMEMBER CO1 PI
multiprocessor systems? BT-L1 1.3.1
The features of closely coupled multiprocessor systems are:
 A multiprocessor system with common shared memory.
 Parallelism can be implemented less efficiently.
 System structure is less flexible.
23 What is the difference between uni-programming REMEMBER CO1 PI
and multiprogramming? BT-L1 1.3.1
The differences between uni-programming and multiprogramming are:
Uni-programming Multiprogramming
Programming unit which performs The code for two or more processes
an independent task is in a memory at the same time
Processes are executed in a serial Processes are executed in a
fashion multiplexed fashion.
24 What is the use of instruction queue in 8086 REMEMBER CO1 PI
microprocessor? BT-L1 1.3.1
In 8086, a 6-byte instruction queue is presented at the Bus Interface Unit (BIU). It is used to
prefetch and store at the maximum of 6 bytes of instruction code from the memory. Due to

this, overlapping instruction fetch with instruction execution increases the processing
speed.
25 Explain the BHE and LOCK signals of 8086. REMEMBER CO1 PI
BT-L1 1.3.1
BHE (Bus High Enable): Low on this pin during first part of the machine cycle indicates that
at least one byte of the current transfer is to be made on higher byte AD15-AD8.
LOCK: This signal indicates that an instruction with a LOCK prefix is being executed and the
bus is not to be used by the other processor.

PART B
1 Draw the pin diagram of 8086 processor and AU-AM UNDERSTAND CO1 PI
explain all the signals. (13) 2021 BT-L2 1.3.1
2 i)Explain in detail about closely coupled AU-AM UNDERSTAND CO1 PI
configurations. (06) 2021 BT-L2 1.3.1
ii)Discuss on loosely coupled configurations in
detail. (07)
3 Draw the diagrams showing address AU-ND UNDERSTAND CO2 PI
demultiplexing for 8086. Explain the use of IC in 2019 BT-L2 1.3.1
the system and the relevant pins and signals.
(13)
4 Draw the timing diagram for the ‘Memory Read’ AU-ND UNDERSTAND CO1 PI
machine cycle of 8086. Explain the function of 2019 BT-L2 1.3.1

MP & MC 3. 19 KCE / ECE / QB / III Yr / MP & MC

 Subject Code/Name: EC 8691 /MICROPROCESSORS & MICROCONTROLLERS
the relevant signals and discuss how each signal
changes in the progress of the machine cycles.
(13)
5 Distinguish between closely coupled and loosely coupled ANALYZE CO1 PI
multiprocessor configurations. (13) BT-L4 2.2.4
6 Explain the following: REMEMBER CO1 PI
(i)Multiprocessor system. (04) BT-L1 1.3.1
(ii) Coprocessor (03)
(iii) Multiprogramming (03)
(iv) Semaphore (03)
7 Explain in detail about the system bus timing of REMEMBER CO1 PI
8086/8088 (13) BT-L1 1.3.1
8 (i)Draw and explain the minimum mode configuration of REMEMBER CO1 PI
8086 microprocessor. (07) BT-L1 1.3.1
(ii)Briefly explain the architectural advancements of
microprocessor. (06)
9 Write notes on REMEMBER CO1 PI
(i) Maximum mode in 8086 (07) BT-L1 1.3.1
(ii) Interrupt processing (06)
10 (i) How the interrupt vector is handled in 8086? (06) UNDERSTAND CO1 PI
(ii) Explain the timing diagram of write cycle in 8086 in BT-L2 1.3.1
minimum mode. (07)
11 Describe the minimum mode 8086 system and its timing REMEMBER CO1 PI
diagram. (13) BT-L1 1.3.1
12 (i) Draw the pin diagram of 8086 microprocessor and list REMEMBER CO1 PI
the pin details. (07) BT-L1 1.3.1
(ii)Explain the bus structure of 8086 microprocessor.
(08)
13 Explain Min/Max mode of 8086 microprocessor. REMEMBER CO1 PI
(13) BT-L1 1.3.1
14 Explain in detail about closely coupled configuration of UNDERSTAND CO1 PI
multiprocessor configuration with suitable diagram. (13) BT-L2 1.3.1
15 Explain in detail about Loosely Coupled Multiprocessor REMEMBER CO1 PI
configuration. (13) BT-L1 1.3.1
16 Write notes on the following (13) REMEMBER CO1 PI
(i) Programmed I/O BT-L1 1.3.1
(ii) Interrupt I/O
17 With a neat sketch, explain the architecture of the 8089 REMEMBER CO1 PI
processor? (13) BT-L1 1.3.1
18 Discuss the maximum mode configuration of 8086 with a UNDERSTAND CO1 PI
neat diagram. Mention the functions of various signals. BT-L2 1.3.1
(13)
19 What do you understand from system bus structure? UNDERSTAND CO1 PI
Explain. (13) BT-L2 1.3.1
20 Differentiate between the memory mapped I/O and I/O ANALYZE CO1 PI
mapped I/O. (06) BT-L4 2.2.4
Draw the control word and status word format of 8087 REMEMBER
MP & MC 3. 20 KCE / ECE / QB / III Yr / MP & MC
 Subject Code/Name: EC 8691 /MICROPROCESSORS & MICROCONTROLLERS
processor. (07) BT-L1

PART – C

1 Examine the effectiveness of the minimum AU-AM ANALYZE CO1 PI

mode and maximum mode of operations in 2021 BT-L4 2.2.2
8086 in detail. (15)
2 Discuss about the multiprocessor configurations of 8086. REMEMBER CO1 PI
(15) BT-L1 1.3.1
3 Explain the system bus structure of 8086. Draw the REMEMBER CO1 PI
timing diagram for interrupt acknowledgement cycle. BT-L1 1.3.1
(15)
4 Explain in detail about the system bus timing of 8086. REMEMBER CO1 PI
(15) BT-L1 1.3.1
5 Describe the maximum mode signals, bus cycles, and REMEMBER CO1 PI
maximum mode system configuration of 8086 BT-L1 1.3.1
Microprocessor in detail. (15)

UNIT-III – I/O INTERFACING

PART-A

1 What are the signals available for serial AU-AM REMEMBER CO3 PI
communication 2021 BT-L1 1.3.1
Transmitter signals:
 TxD-Transmit Data
 TxRDY- Transmitter Ready
 TxE- Transmitter Empty
 TxC- Transmitter Clock
Receiver Signals:
 RxD-Receiver Signals
 RxRDY- Receiver Ready
 RxC-Receiver Clock
 SYNDET (Syn Detect)/BRKDET (Break Detect)
2 Define conversion time. AU-AM REMEMBER CO3 PI
2021 BT-L1 1.3.1
 Conversion time of an ADC is the time required by the ADC to perform a complete
conversion process.
3 What is the function of the following signals AU-ND UNDERSTAND CO3 PI
in an ADC (while interfacing a 2019 BT-L2 1.3.1
microprocessor)? i) EOC ii) SOC
EOC-End of Conversion
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 Subject Code/Name: EC 8691 /MICROPROCESSORS & MICROCONTROLLERS
After the conversion is over, the ADC sends end of conversion (EOC) signal to inform the
microprocessor that the conversion is over and the result is ready at the output buffer of
the ADC.
SOC – Start of Conversion
The start of conversion signal is a pulse of a specific duration. The process of analog to
digital conversion is a slow process, and the microprocessor has to wait for the digital data
till the conversion is over.
4 List the function of HOLD and HLDA in 8086. AU-ND REMEMBER CO3 PI
2019 BT-L1 1.3.1
 A HIGH on HOLD pin indicates that another master is requesting to take over the
system bus.
 On receiving HOLD signal processor outputs HLDA signal HIGH as an
acknowledgement.
 After "HOLD" is detected as being Low, the processor will lower the HLDA, it will
again drive the local bus and control lines.
5 Give the various modes and applications of 8254 REMEMBER CO3 PI
timer? BT-L1 1.3.1
The various modes and applications of 8254 timer are,
Mode 0: Interrupt On Terminal Count
Mode 1: Hardware Retriggerable one shot
Mode 2: Rate Generator
Mode 3: Square Wave Generator
Mode 4: Software Triggered Strobe
Mode 5: Hardware Triggered Strobe
6 What is the handshake signals used in Mode-2 REMEMBER CO3 PI
configuration of 8255? BT-L1 1.3.1
 In mode2 only port A can be used as a bidirectional port.
 The handshaking signals are provided on five lines of port C (PC 3-PC7). Port B can be
used in mode0 or in mode1.
7 Draw the format of read back command register of UNDERSTAND CO3 PI
8254. BT-L2 1.4.1

D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
1 1 COUNT STATUS CNT2 CNT1 CNT0 0
 D7-D6 = 1 for read back command register
 D5 Latch count
 D4 Latch status
 D3 select counter 2
 D2 select counter 1
 D1 select counter 0
8 How the DMA operation performed with 8086? UNDERSTAND CO3 PI
BT-L2 1.3.1
 The direct memory access DMA interface of the 8086 minimum mode consist of the
HOLD and HLDA signals.
 When an external device wants to take control of the system bus, it signals to the 8086
by switching HOLD to the logic 1 level.
9 What is the drawback of memory mapped I/O? REMEMBER CO3 PI
BT-L1 2.4.3

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 Subject Code/Name: EC 8691 /MICROPROCESSORS & MICROCONTROLLERS
Drawbacks of memory mapped I/O are:
 Memory mapped I/O scheme utilizes memory reference instructions, which are
three byte instructions.
 Due to wider port address, the interface of hardware is also complicated.
 The complexity of the program is large.
10 How DMA is initiated? UNDERSTAND CO3 PI
BT-L2 2.4.4
 The device requests the CPU through a DMA controller to hold its data, address and
control bus, so that the device may transfer data directly to/from memory.
 The DMA data transfer is initiated only after receiving HLDA signal form the CPU.
11 What is key debouncing? REMEMBER CO3 PI
. BT-L1 1.3.1
 The push button keys when pressed, bounces a few times, closing and opening the
contacts before providing a steady reading.
 So reading taken during bouncing may be faulty.
 Therefore the microprocessor must wait until the key reach to steady state. This is
known as key debounce.
12 What is direct memory access? REMEMBER CO3 PI
. BT-L1 1.3.1
 Direct memory access (DMA) is a method that allows an input/output (I/O) device to
send or receive data directly to or from the main memory, bypassing the CPU to
speed up memory operations.
 The process is managed by a chip known as a DMA controller (DMAC)
13 What is a sample and hold circuit? REMEMBER CO3 PI
. BT-L1 1.3.1
 The sample and Hold circuit is used to convert the analog signal into digital signal by
using the RC circuit.
 The capacitor holds the value of the signal for a particular time interval.
 The analog signal is sampled once for the RC time constant value.
14 State the applications of Programmable Interval REMEMBER CO3 PI
. Timer. BT-L1 1.3.1
Applications of PIT 8254 are:
 Real time clock Event-counter
 Digital one-shot Programmable rate generator
 Square wave generator Binary rate multiplier
 Complex waveform generator Complex motor controller
15 What are the basic modes of operation of 8255? REMEMBER CO2 P
. BT-L1 1.2.1
There are two basic modes of operation of 8255. They are:
 I/O mode, There are three modes.
 Mode 0 - Simple input/output
- Outputs are latched. Inputs are buffered. Do not have handshake.
 Mode 1 - Input/output with handshake
- Input or output data transfer is controlled by handshake signals.
 Mode 2 - Bidirectional I/O data transfer
- Bidirectional. Both inputs and outputs are latched.
 BSR mode
 The individual bits of Port C can be set or reset by sending out a single OUT
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 Subject Code/Name: EC 8691 /MICROPROCESSORS & MICROCONTROLLERS
instruction to the control register.
 When Port C is used for control/status operation, this feature can be used to set or
reset individual bits.
16 What are the advantages of Programmable Interval UNDERSTAND CO3 PI
. Timer / Counter IC? BT-L2 2.2.4
The 8253 is a programmable counter/timer chip designed for use as an Intel
Microcontroller peripheral. The main uses of 8253 are as follows:
 Interrupt a time sharing operating system at evenly spaced intervals so that it can
switch a program.
 Programmable on shot generator
 Serves as a programmable baud rate generator.
 Measure time delays between external events
 Count the number of times an event occurs.
 Causes the processer to be interrupted after a programmed number of external events
have occurred.
17 List the display modes of 8279 keyboard/ display REMEMBER CO3 PI
. controller. BT-L1 1.3.1
The display modes of 8279 are:
 Scanned keyboard mode
 Scanned sensor matrix
 Strobed input.
18 Define resolution of A/D converter. REMEMBER CO3 PI
. BT-L1 1.4.1
Resolution of A/D converter is defined as a ratio of change in value of input voltage V i,
needed to change the digital output by 1 LSB. If the full scale input voltage required to cause
a digital output of all 1’s is ViFS, then the resolution can be given as,
Resolution =ViFS / (2n-1).
19 Draw the sample and hold circuit. REMEMBER CO3 PI
. BT-L1 1.3.1

20 State the advantages of DMA. REMEMBER CO2 PI

. BT-L1 2.2.4
The advantages of DMA are:
 It allows the transfer between I/O and memory without CPU intervention.
 It is a hardware control transfer and hence it is very fast.
 Increased throughput
 Reduced power requirements
21 List the advantages and disadvantages of parallel REMEMBER CO3 PI
communication over serial communication. BT-L1 2.2.4
Basis For Comparison Serial Transmission Parallel Transmission
Meaning Data flows in bi-direction, Multiple lines are used to
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 Subject Code/Name: EC 8691 /MICROPROCESSORS & MICROCONTROLLERS
send data i.e. 8 bits or 1 byte
bit by bit. at a time.
Cost Economical Expensive
Bits transferred at 1
1 bit 8 bits or 1 byte
clock pulse
Speed Slow Fast
Used for long distance
Short distance. Ex. Computer
Applications communication. Ex.PC to
to printer.
PC.
22 What is key bouncing? REMEMBER CO3 PI
BT-L1 1.3.1
 Bouncing is the tendency of any two metal contacts in an electronic device to generate
multiple signals as the contacts close or open.
 Mechanical switches are used as keys in most of the keyboards.
 When a key is pressed the contact bounce back and forth and settle down only after a
small time delay (about 20ms).
 Even though a key is actuated once, it will appear to have been actuated several times.
This problem is called Key Bouncing.
23 What are the modes used in keyboard mode? REMEMBER CO3 PI
BT-L1 2.2.4
The modes used in keyboard mode are:
 Scanned keyboard mode with 2 key lockout
 Scanned keyboard with N – key rollover
 Scanned key board with special error mode
 Sensor matrix mode
 2-key lock out: Simultaneous key depression is not allowed.
 N-key rollover: Each key depression is treated independently from all others
24 Name the peripheral ICs used for parallel and serial REMEMBER CO3 PI
data transfer BT-L1 1.4.1
The following are the peripheral ICs used for parallel and serial data transfer,
 For Parallel communication : 8255 – Programmable Peripheral Interface
 For Serial Communication : 8251 – Serial Communication Interface.
25 Give the salient features of Programmable Interval REMEMBER CO3 PI
Timer. BT-L1 2.2.4
The Programmable Interval Timer is used as:
 Programmable rate generator
 Real time clock
 Digital one shot
 Complex motor controller

PART B
1 Draw the block diagram of 8279 and AU-AM REMEMBER CO3 PI
explain the function of each. (13) 2021 BT-L1 1.3.1
2 Explain the operation of DMA controller AU-AM REMEMBER CO3 PI
8237 with neat diagrams. (13) 2021 BT-L1 1.3.1
3 (i)Draw the block diagram of the PPI 8255 AU-ND REMEMBER CO3 PI
and explain the ports and modes of the chip. 2019 BT-L1 2.1.3

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 Subject Code/Name: EC 8691 /MICROPROCESSORS & MICROCONTROLLERS
(06)
(ii)Write a program in assembly language to
set/reset the following bits of Port C. Use the
BSR feature of the chip.
1) PC0 to be set 2) PC7 to be reset 3) PC1 to
be set. (07)
4 (i)Draw the connections between an ADC AU-ND APPLY CO3 PI
and 8086, using 8255 as an interface. Write a 2019 BT-L3 2.1.3
program to generate a triangular waveform
using this setup. (06)
(ii)Draw the block diagram of the 8251 and
discuss how it caters to serial
communication. Write the steps in
transmitting one byte of data serially. (07)
5 Explain in detail about interfacing of four LCD digits to REMEMBER CO3 PI
8086. (13) BT-L1 1.3.1
6 How are D/A and A/D interfaces used? Explain. (13) REMEMBER CO3 PI
BT-L1 2.1.2
7 What are interrupt controller and DMA controller? REMEMBER CO3 PI
Explain. (13) BT-L1 1.3.1
8 Draw the block diagram and explain the operations of REMEMBER CO3 PI
USART. (13) BT-L1 1.3.1
9 Explain in detail about DMA controller with its REMEMBER CO3 PI
diagram. (13) BT-L1 1.3.1
10 Draw and explain the functional diagram of keyboard REMEMBER CO3 PI
and display controller. (13) BT-L1 1.3.1
11 Draw and explain the functional diagram of parallel REMEMBER CO3 PI
communication interfacing chip. (13) BT-L1 1.3.1
12 Discuss in detail about memory mapped I/O and I/O REMEMBER CO3 PI
mapped I/O with necessary diagram. (13) BT-L1 1.3.1
13 (i) Explain the function of programmable peripheral REMEMBER CO3 PI
interface – Intel 8255. (07) BT-L1 1.3.1
(ii)Draw the block diagram to interface a analog to
digital converter with a microprocessor and explain
its working. (06)
14 (i) Draw a schematic to interface keyboard and display REMEMBER CO3 PI
with 8086 using 8255 and explain. (07) BT-L1 1.3.1
(ii)Write notes on Programmable Interval Timers
(PIT) 8253 and 8254. (06)
15 With a neat block diagram explain the key board and REMEMBER CO3 PI
display controller IC 8279. (13) BT-L1 1.3.1
16 (i) With neat block diagram explain the 8251 and its REMEMBER CO3 PI
operating modes. (07) BT-L1 1.3.1
(ii)Draw the block diagram of I/O interface & explain
in detail. (06)
17 Draw and explain the block diagram of traffic light UNDERSTAND CO3 PI
control system. (13) BT-L2 1.3.1
MP & MC 3. 26 KCE / ECE / QB / III Yr / MP & MC
 Subject Code/Name: EC 8691 /MICROPROCESSORS & MICROCONTROLLERS
18 Write short notes on REMEMBER CO3 PI
(i)LED display (08) BT-L1 1.3.1
(ii) LCD display (08)
19 Explain in detail about the asynchronous REMEMBER CO3 PI
communication. (13) BT-L1 1.3.1
20 Explain in detail about the synchronous REMEMBER CO3 PI
communication. (13) BT-L1 1.3.1

PART –C

1 Draw and explain the block diagram of alarm UNDERSTAND CO3 PI

controller. (15) BT-L2 1.3.1
2 Draw the block diagram of traffic light control system APPLY CO3 PI
using 8086. Write the algorithm an ALP for traffic BT-L3 2.1.2
light control system. (15)
3 Draw the diagram to interface a stepper motor with APPLY CO3 PI
8086 microcontroller and write ALP to run a stepper BT-L3 2.1.2
motor in both forward and reverse direction with
delay. (15)
4 Describe the different modes of operation of UNDERSTAND CO3 PI
timers/counters in 8086 with its associated registers. BT-L2 2.2.4
(15)
5 Draw the block diagram to interface a analog to digital REMEMBER CO3 PI
converter with a microprocessor and explain its BT-L1 1.3.1
working. (15)

UNIT IV- MICROCONTROLLER

PART A

1 Write a program to mask the 0th and 7th AU-AM APPLY CO4 PI
bit using 8051. 2021 BT-L3 2.1.2
ORG 00H
MOV A, #FFH ; A = FFH = 255D = 11111111B
ANL A, #7E H ; 126 D= 7E H= 01111110B
END

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 Subject Code/Name: EC 8691 /MICROPROCESSORS & MICROCONTROLLERS
2 Write a program to find the 2’s complement AU-AM APPLY CO4 PI
using 8051. 2021 BT-L3 2.1.2
ORG 0000H
MOV DPTR, #0030H
MOVX A, @DPTR
CPL A
ADD A, #01H
MOV DPTR, #0090H
MOVX @DPTR, A
MOV PCON, #02H
3 What are addressing modes for a AU-ND UNDERSTAND CO4 PI
microcontroller? 2019 BT-L2 1.3.1
The addressing modes for a microcontroller are:
1) Immediate addressing mode
2) Direct addressing mode
3) Register direct addressing mode
4) Register indirect addressing mode
5) Indexed addressing mode.
4 Give the format of the register PSW of 8051 AU-ND REMEMBER CO4 PI
and name each bit. 2019 BT-L1 1.3.1
The format of the register PSW of 8051 and name each bit is:

CY AC F0 RS1 RS0 OV - P

D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
CY – Carry Flag; AC – Auxiliary Flag; F0 – Status Flag
OV – Overflow Flag; P – Parity F
RS1 - Register Bank Select Bit 1
RS2 – Register Bank Select Bit 2
5 What are the different ways of operand addressing in UNDERSTAND CO4 PI
8051? BT-L2 2.2.4
MOV A,#6AH
Here the data 6A is the operand, often known as source data. When this instruction is
executed, the data 6AH is moved to accumulator A. There are 5 different ways to execute
this instruction by using 5 addressing modes for 8051. They are (i) Immediate addressing
mode (ii)Direct addressing mode (iii) Register direct addressing mode (iv) Register indirect
addressing mode (v) Indexed addressing mode.

6 Illustrate the DJNZ instruction. UNDERSTAND CO4 PI

BT-L2 1.3.1
DJNZ <dest-byte>,<scr-byte>,rel
The DJNZ instruction decrements the byte indicated by the first operand and if the resulting
value is not zero, branches to the address specified in the second operand.
7 Draw the pin diagram of 8051 REMEMBER CO4 P
BT-L1 1.4.1
The pin diagram for 8051 is:

MP & MC 3. 28 KCE / ECE / QB / III Yr / MP & MC

 Subject Code/Name: EC 8691 /MICROPROCESSORS & MICROCONTROLLERS

8 Which port used as multifunction port? List the REMEMBER CO4 PI

signals. BT-L1 1.3.1
 All port pins of port 3 are multifunctional.
 Each pin of port 3 can be programmed to use as I/O or as one of the alternate
function.
 The signals are RD,WR,T1,T0,INT1, INT0,TXD and RXD.

9. How microcontroller is different from UNDERSTAND CO4 PI

microprocessor? BT-L2 2.2.4
The difference between microprocessor and microcontroller are given below,
Microprocessors Microcontrollers
Microcontroller is a single IC, contains a CPU and
A microprocessor is a single much of remaining circuitry of a complete
chip CPU computer (e.g., RAM, ROM, serial interface, parallel
interface, timer, interrupt handling circuit)
Microcontrollers are found in small, minimum
Microprocessors are commonly
component designs performing control oriented
used as a CPU in computers
activities
10. How to set 8051 in idle mode? REMEMBER CO4 PI
BT-L1 1.3.1
PCON Register: Power control register
PCON (Power control) register is used to force the 8051 microcontroller into power saving
mode. Power control register of 8051 contains two power saving mode bits

 Bit 1 – PD: Power Down

1 = Enable Power Down mode. In this mode, Oscillator clock turned OFF and both CPU
and peripherals clock stopped. Hardware reset can cancel this mode. 0 = Disable Power
down mode.
 Bit 0 – IDL: Idle
1 = Enable Idle mode. CPU clock turned off whereas internal peripheral module such as
timer, serial port, interrupts works normally. Interrupt and H/W reset can cancel this
mode. 0 = Disable Idle mode.

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 Subject Code/Name: EC 8691 /MICROPROCESSORS & MICROCONTROLLERS
11. How the processor 8051 knows whether on chip ROM REMEMBER CO4 PI
or External program memory is used? BT-L1 1.3.1
Internal ROM
The 8051 has 4k (4096 locations) of on-chip ROM. This is used for storing the system
program. 212 = 4096, therefore the internal ROM address bus is 12 bits wide and internal
ROM locations go from 000H to FFFH.
Internal RAM
There are 256 bytes of internal RAM on the 8051. 2 8 = 256, therefore the internal RAM
address bus is 8 bits wide and internal RAM locations go from 00H to FFH. The first 128
locations (00H to 7FH) of internal RAM are used by the programmer for storing data while
the second 128 locations (80H to FFH) are the Special Function Registers (SFRs). EA-bar -
the external access, on pin 31, is used for enabling or disabling the on-chip ROM.
 When tied high (5V), the 8051 executes instructions in internal ROM when executing in
the lower 4k (8k for the 8052) of memory.
 If tied low the 8051 will always execute instructions in external memory.
12. Why it is necessary to have external pull-up for port 0 REMEMBER CO4 PI
in 8051 BT-L1 1.3.1
 Port 0 needs pull-up resistors to be connected externally if it is to be used as output
port, because it has no in built pull up circuit so it can't give +5v as output.
14. How the selection of particular register bank is done REMEMBER CO4 PI
in 8051? BT-L1 1.3.1
The selection is done using the SFR, Program Status Word (PSW) Register.
C AC F0 RS1 RS0 OV F1 P
 RS means Register bank Select bits. RS0 and RS1 are used to select the register banks.
 00 - Register bank 0
 01 - Register bank 1
 10 - Register bank 2
 11 - Register bank 3
13. List the SFRs involved in interrupt programming of REMEMBER CO4 PI
8051. BT-L1 1.3.1
The SFRs involved in interrupt programming of 8051:
(i) SFR/ IE - Interrupts Enable Control
(ii) SFR/ IP - Interrupt Priority control
14. How do you place a specific value in DPTR register? REMEMBER CO4 PI
BT-L1 1.3.1
 DPTR consists of two separate registers: DPH (Data Pointer High) and (Data Pointer
Low).
 The Data Pointer (DPTR) is the 8051s only user-accessible 16-bit (2-byte) register. The
Accumulator, "R" registers, and "B" register are all 1-byte values.
 DPTR, as the name suggests, is used to point to data. It is used by a number of commands
which allow the 8051 to access external memory. When the 8051 accesses external
memory it will access external memory at the address indicated by DPTR.
15. What is difference between AJMP and LJMP UNDERSTAND CO4 P2
instruction? BT-L1 2.2.4
The difference between the AJMP and LJMP instructions are given below,
AJMP LJMP
Description: Absolute Jump Description: Long jump

MP & MC 3. 30 KCE / ECE / QB / III Yr / MP & MC

 Subject Code/Name: EC 8691 /MICROPROCESSORS & MICROCONTROLLERS
Jumps unconditionally to the Jumps unconditionally to the
indicated code address within 2k specified code address
Block.
16. How do you place a specific value in DPTR register? REMEMBER CO4 PI
BT-L1 1.3.1
 DPTR consists of two separate registers: DPH (Data Pointer High) and (Data Pointer
Low).
 The Data Pointer (DPTR) is the 8051s only user-accessible 16-bit (2-byte) register. The
Accumulator, "R" registers, and "B" register are all 1-byte values.
 DPTR, as the name suggests, is used to point to data. It is used by a number of commands
which allow the 8051 to access external memory. When the 8051 accesses external
memory it will access external memory at the address indicated by DPTR.
17. Which of the 8051 ports need pull-up resisters to REMEMBER CO4 PI
function as an I/O port? BT-L1 1.4.1
Port 0 needs the pull-up resistor to function as an I/O port:
 It can be used for input or output.
 To use the pins of port 0 as both input and output each pin must be connected externally
to a 10 k pull-up resistor.
 This is due to the fact that P0 is an open drain, unlike P1, P2, and P3
 With resistors connected to port 0, in order to make it an input, the port must be
programmed by writing 1 to all the bits.
Dual role of port 0:
 Port 0 is also designated as AD0 - AD7, allowing it to be used for both address and data.
 When connecting an 8051/31 to an external memory, port 0 provides both address and
data.
 The 8051 multiplexes address and data through port 0 to save pins.
18. What is the difference between MOVX and MOV? UNDERSTAND CO4 PI
BT-L2 2.2.4
MOV: Move Memory
Description: MOV- copies the value of operand2 into operand1. The value of operand2 is
not affected. Both operand1 and operand2 must be in Internal RAM. No flags are affected
unless the instruction is moving the value of a bit into the carry bit in which case the carry
bit is affected or unless the instruction is moving a value into the PSW register.
MOVX: Move Data To/From External Memory (XRAM)
 Description: MOVX moves a byte to or from External Memory into or from the
Accumulator.

19. What is the special function registers used for port REMEMBER CO4 PI
operation in 8051? BT-L1 1.3.1
The following ports have been used as Bit addressable ports in 8051:
 PORT P0: When there is no external memory present, this port acts as a general purpose
input/output port. In the presence of external memory, it functions as a multiplexed
address and data bus. It performs a dual role.
 PORT P1: This port is used for various interfacing activities. This 8-bit port is a normal
I/O port i.e. it does not perform dual functions.
 PORT P2: Similar to PORT P0, this port can be used as a general purpose port when
there is no external memory but when external memory is present it works in

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 Subject Code/Name: EC 8691 /MICROPROCESSORS & MICROCONTROLLERS
conjunction with PORT PO as an address bus. This is an 8-bit port and performs dual
functions.
 PORT P3: PORT P3 behaves as a dedicated I/O port
20. What are the different ways of operand addressing in REMEMBER CO4 PI
8051? BT-L1 1.4.1
The addressing modes in 8051 are:
 Immediate Addressing mode.
 Register Addressing mode.
 Direct Addressing mode.
 Indirect Addressing mode.
 Relative Addressing mode.
 Absolute Addressing mode.
 Indexed Addressing mode.
21 Illustrate the CJNE instruction. UNDERSTAND CO4 P
BT-L2 1.4.1
CJNE <dest-byte>,<scr-byte>,rel
The CJNE instruction compares the first two operands and braches to the specified
destination if their values are not equal. If the values are the same, execution continues with
the next instruction.
21 Write an 8051 ALP to toggle P1 a total of 200 times. UNDERSTAND CO4 P
Use RAM location 32H to hold your counter value BT-L2 1.4.1
instead of registers R0-R7.
MOV P1, #55H ; P1=55H
MOV 32H, #200 ; load counter value into RAM loc 32H toggle P1
LOOP: CPL P1
ACALL DELAY
DJNZ 32H, LOOP ; repeat 200 times
23 What is the function of RET instruction in 8051? UNDERSTAND CO4 P
BT-L2 1.4.1
RET: Return from Subroutine
Description: RET is used to return from a subroutine previously called by LCALL or ACALL.
Program execution continues at the address that is calculated by popping the topmost 2
bytes off the stack. The most-significant-byte is popped off the stack first, followed by the
least-significant-byte.
24 What are the advantages of using a microcontroller UNDERSTAND CO4 P
in place of a microprocessor? BT-L2 1.4.1
The advantages of using a microcontroller in place of a microprocessor are:
 Flexibility
 Faster speed of execution
 Inexpensive
 Rigid
25 What is the hardware and software interrupts of UNDERSTAND CO4 P
8051µc? Mention its vector addresses? BT-L2 1.4.1
The hardware and software interrupts of 8051 and their vector addresses are given below:
Interrupts Vector address
 INT0-External hardware interrupt0 - 0003H
 T0-Timer 0 interrupt - 000BH
 INT1-External hardware interrupt 1 - 001BH
 T1-Timer 1 interrupt - 001BH
MP & MC 3. 32 KCE / ECE / QB / III Yr / MP & MC
 Subject Code/Name: EC 8691 /MICROPROCESSORS & MICROCONTROLLERS
PART B
1 With neat sketch explain the architecture of AU-AM REMEMBER CO4 PI
8051 microcontroller. (13) 2021 BT- L1 1.4.1
2 (i)Explain the different addressing modes of AU-AM UNDERSTAND CO4 PI
8051. (06) 2021 BT-L2 2.1.2
(ii)List the various instructions available in
8051 microcontroller. (07)
3 What are special function registers? Explain. AU-ND REMEMBER CO4 PI
(13) 2019 BT-L1 1.4.1
4 Discuss on the different addressing modes of AU-ND UNDERSTAND CO4 PI
8051 with suitable examples. (13) 2019 BT-L2 2.2.2
5 Write the available special function registers in 8051. REMEMBER CO4 PI
Explain each register with its format and functions. (13) BT-L1 1.4.1
6 Discuss the ports and its circuits of 8051. (13) REMEMBER CO4 PI
BT-L1 3.2.2
7 Write an ALP using 8051 instructions to receive byte of EVALUATE CO4 PI
data serially and put them in P1. Set the baud rate at BT-L5 2.1.3
4800, 8-bit data, and 1 stop bit. (13)
8 Explain the architecture of 8051 with its diagram. (13) REMEMBER CO4 PI
BT-L1 1.4.1
9 Write an 8051 ALP to create a square wave of 66 % duty REMEMBER CO4 PI
cycle on bit 3 of port 1. (13) BT-L1 2.1.3
10 (i) Explain the architecture of 8051 microcontroller with REMEMBER CO4 PI
neat diagram. (08) BT-L1 1.4.1
(ii)Explain the TMOD function register and its timer
modes of operations. (05)
11 (i) Enumerate about the ports available in 8051 REMEMBER CO4 PI
microcontroller. (07) BT-L1 2.1.3
(ii)Write an assembly language program for 8051 to find
the largest of three numbers. (06)
12 (i) Describe the serial interface with 8051 REMEMBER CO4 PI
microcontroller. (06) BT-L1 2.1.3
(ii)Write an assembly language program for 8051, to
send 20 output lines at P2.0 vary the duration of pulse
using NOP. (07)
13 (i) Explain in detail the memory organization of 8051 REMEMBER CO3 PI
microcontroller. (13) BT-L1 1.4.1

14 (i) Draw the pin diagram of 8051 microcontroller and REMEMBER CO4 PI
explain the function of each pin. (08) BT-L1 1.4.1
(ii) Discuss briefly the various registers in 8051
microcontroller. (05)
15 (i)Explain the working of program control transfer REMEMBER CO4 PI
instructions of 8051 microcontroller. (07) BT-L1 2.1.3
(ii)Write an assembly language program to generate
square wave form using on-chip timer. (06)
16 List the features of 8051 microcontroller. (13) REMEMBER CO4 PI
MP & MC 3. 33 KCE / ECE / QB / III Yr / MP & MC
 Subject Code/Name: EC 8691 /MICROPROCESSORS & MICROCONTROLLERS
BT-L1 2.2.4
17 Explain the architecture of 8051 microcontroller with a REMEMBER CO4 PI
neat diagram. (13) BT-L1 1.4.1
18 Describe the different mode of operation of REMEMBER CO4 PI
timers/counters in 8051 with its associated register. BT-L1 1.4.1
(13)
19 (i) Explain the different types of addressing modes in REMEMBER CO4 PI
8051. (07) BT-L1 2.1.2
(ii)Explain the arithmetic instructions of 8051. (06)

20 (i) Explain the memory organization of 8051 REMEMBER CO4 PI

microcontroller. (07) BT-L1 1.4.1
(ii) Explain the parallel I/O and serial I/O of 8051. (06)
21 Draw the functional block diagram of 8051 and explain. REMEMBER CO4 PI
(16) BT-L1 1.4.1
PART - C
1 Describe the architecture of 8051 with neat diagram. EVALUATE CO4 PI
(15) BT-L5 1.4.1
2 (i) Write a brief notes on external data move APPLY CO4 PI
operations in 8051. (05) BT-L3 2.1.2
(ii)Write an 8051 assembly language program to add
three BCD numbers stored in internal RAM locations
25H, 26H, and 27H and put the result in RAM locations
31H (MSB) and 30 H (LSB). Use register R0 to store
the intermediate result. (10)
3 Write an assembly language program using 8051 APPLY CO4 PI
instructions to arrange an array of numbers in BT-L3 2.1.2
ascending order. (15)
4 (i) Briefly explain the data transfer instructions APPLY CO4 PI
available in 8051 Microcontroller (08) BT-L3 2.1.2
(ii) Using timers in 8051, write a program to generate
square wave for 100ms with 50% duty cycle. (07)
5 (i) How are the timers of 8051 used to produce time UNDERSTAND CO4 PI
delay in timer mode? (08) BT-L2 1.4.1
(ii) Explain the interrupt structure of 8051
microcontroller. (07)

UNIT V- INTERFACING MICROCONTROLLER

PART –A

1 Define the operating model 0 of 8051 serial AU-AM REMEMBER CO3 PI

ports. 2021 BT-L1 1.4.1
Serial port mode :Mode 0:
 Only synchronous mode
 Data transferred on RXD clock on TXD
 Clock is fixed at 1/12 of the oscillator frequency
2 Give the different types of ADC. AU-AM UNDERSTAND CO3 PI
2021-2 BT-L2 2.2.4
MP & MC 3. 34 KCE / ECE / QB / III Yr / MP & MC
 Subject Code/Name: EC 8691 /MICROPROCESSORS & MICROCONTROLLERS
There are really five major types of ADCs in use today:
 Successive Approximation (SAR) ADC
 Delta-sigma (ΔΣ) ADC
 Dual Slope ADC
 Pipelined ADC
 Flash ADC
3 How to program 8051 Timers? AU-ND REMEMBER CO4 PI
2019 BT-L1 1.4.1
 The timers in the 8051 have both start and stop signal..
 The start and stop of the timer are controlled by way of software by the TR
(timer start) bits TRO and TR1.
 And it is achieved by the instructions “SETB TR1″ and “CLR TR1″ for Timer 1, and
“SETB TRO” and “CLR TRO” for Timer 0.
4 What are the types of sensor used for interfacing? UNDERSTAND CO4 PI
BT-L2 2.2.4
The types of sensor used for interfacing are
 Temperature Sensor
 IR Sensor
 Ultrasonic Sensor
 Touch Sensor, Proximity Sensors
 Pressure Sensor, Level Sensors
 Smoke and Gas Sensors
5. Give two examples of sensors and state its uses. UNDERSTAND CO4 PI
BT-L2 2.2.4
The examples of sensors are:
 Thermocouples have the widest temperature range of all the temperature sensors
from below -200oC to well over 2000oC.
 LM35 Temperature sensors are used in measuring temperature of a particular
environment and HVAC applications, providing thermal shutdown for a
component/ circuit and checking battery temperature.
6 What is PWM? REMEMBER CO4 PI
BT-L1 1.3.1
 A modulation technique that uses a digital circuit to create a variable analog signal
PWM is a simple concept open and close a switch at uniform repeatable intervals.
 For a given fixed load to maintain a steady speed by using pulse width modulation.
 By changing the width of the pulse applied to the DC motor we can increase or
decrease the amount of power provided to the motor, thereby increasing or
decreasing the motor speed.
7. List the modes of timer in 8051. REMEMBER CO4 PI
BT-L1 1.4.1
Four timer modes are available in 8051:
M1 M2 Mode Description
0 0 Mode 0 13-bit Timer
0 1 Mode 1 16-bit Timer
1 0 Mode 2 8-bit auto reload
1 1 Mode 3 Split Timer mode

8. State how baud rate is calculated for serial data UNDERSTAND CO4 PI

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 Subject Code/Name: EC 8691 /MICROPROCESSORS & MICROCONTROLLERS
transfer in mode 1. BT-L2 1.4.1
 Using Timer/Counter 1 to generate Baud rates,
Baud rate = K x Oscillator frequency/ 32 x 12 x [(256-TH1]
If SMOD=0 then K=1
If SMOD=1 then K=2 (SMOD is the PCON register)
 Using Timer/Counter 1 to generate Baud rates,
Baud rate = Timer 2 overflow rate/16
9 Which register is used for serial programming in REMEMBER CO4 PI
8051 microcontroller? BT-L1 1.4.1
 The SCON register is used for serial programming in 8051. It is an 8-bit register
used to program the start bit, stop bit, and data bits of data framing, among other
things.
 SMO and SM1 are D7 and D6 of the SCON register, respectively. These two bits
determine the framing of data by specifying the number of bits per character, and
the start and stop bits. They take the following combinations.
SM0 SM1 Description
0 0 Serial mode 0
0 1 Serial mode 1, 8-bit data, 1 stop bit ,
1 start bit
1 0 Serial mode 2
1 1 Serial mode 2

10 Give the schematic to interface a relay with REMEMBER CO4 PI

. microcontroller? BT-L1 1.4.1
 The schematic to interface a relay with microcontroller is:

11 List the 8051 interrupts with its priority. UNDERSTAND CO4 PI

. BT-L2 2.2.4
The 8051 interrupts with its high to low priority are,
 External Interrupt 0 (INT0)
 Timer Interrupt 0 (TFO)
 External Interrupt1 (INT1)
 Timer Interrupt1 (TF1)
 Serial communication (RI+TI)
12 Write about the design steps involved in using REMEMBER CO4 PI
. microcontroller for stepper motor. BT-L1 3.1.6
 Motor has two phases, with center-tap winding. The center taps of these windings
are connected to the 12V supply. Due to this, motor can be excited by grounding
four terminals of the two windings.
 Motor can be rotated in steps by giving proper excitation sequence of these
windings.
 The lower nibble of port A of the 8255 is used to generate excitation signals in the
proper sequence.
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 Subject Code/Name: EC 8691 /MICROPROCESSORS & MICROCONTROLLERS
 Microcontroller is programmed to rotate the stepper motor.
13 State the importance of relay coil. REMEMBER CO4 PI
. BT-L1 1.3.1
 A relay is usually an electromechanical device that is actuated by an electrical current.
The current flowing in one circuit causes the opening or closing of another circuit.
 Relays are like remote control switches and are used in many applications because of
their relative simplicity, long life, and proven high reliability.
 Relays are used in a wide variety of applications throughout industry, such as in
telephone exchanges, digital computers and automation systems
 All relays contain a sensing unit, the electric coil, which is powered by AC or DC current.

14 Why the relays are called electromagnetic relays? UNDERSTAND CO4 PI
. BT-L2 1.3.1
 An iron core is surrounded by a control coil. As shown, the power source is given to
the electromagnet through a control switch and through contacts to the load.

 When current starts flowing through the control coil, the electromagnet starts
energizing and thus intensifies the magnetic field. Thus the upper contact arm starts to
be attracted to the lower fixed arm and thus closes the contacts causing a short
circuit for the power to the load.
 On the other hand, if the relay was already de-energized when the contacts were
closed, then the contact move oppositely and make an open circuit.
15 What is meant by I2C standard? REMEMBER CO4 PI
. BT-L1 1.4.1
In I C only two bi-directional lines Serial Data (SDA) & Serial Clock (SCL) are required to
2

carry information between the devices connected to the bus. Each I 2C device is recognized
by a unique 7-bit address.
The device that initiates the communication is called MASTER. The master controls the
clock signal. Whereas the device being addressed by the Master is called as SLAVE.
Generation of clock signals on the I2C-bus is always the responsibility of master devices;
each master generates its own clock signals when transferring data on the bus.
16 Write an ALP to receive input from port P1.5 and if it APPLY CO4 PI
. is high then an output 35H is sent to Port 0. BT-L3 2.2.1
L1: JNB P1.5, L1 ; Jump if no bit P1.5 is set
MOV A, #35H; Move 35H to Accumulator
MOV P0, A ; Move the Contents of Accumulator to Port P0
17 What are precautions required while interfacing REMEMBER CO4 PI
. microprocessor with motors? BT-L1 1.4.1
While interfacing microprocessor with motors, the following precautions are made:
 Care should be taken to assure lifting in the direction intended in the design of the
lifting means.
 Data lines for microprocessor should be connected to the data lines of the
Interfacing a device which is connected to the motor.

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 Subject Code/Name: EC 8691 /MICROPROCESSORS & MICROCONTROLLERS
18 Why do we need relay interface? What is SPDT relay? REMEMBER CO4 PI
. BT-L1 1.4.1
 Relay interface allows the isolation of two separate section of a system with two
different voltage sources.
 SPDT relay is a single pole double throw relay.
19 What are the sources of interrupts in 8051? REMEMBER CO4 PI
. BT-L1 1.3.1
In general, the five sources of interrupts in 8051are:
 Timer 0 overflow interrupt - TF0, Timer 1 overflow interrupt - TF1
 External hardware interrupt - INT0,INT1
 Serial communication interrupt - RI/TI
 The timer and serial interrupts are internally generated by the microcontroller.
 External interrupts are generated by additional interfacing devices or switches that are
externally connected to the microcontroller. These external interrupts can be edge
triggered or level triggered.
20 How is the microcontroller used for the traffic light UNDERSTAND CO4 PI
. control application. BT-L2 1.4.1
 When the power is applied to the circuit microcontroller initializes its ports for driver,
status LED indicator timer on/off switch jumpers for variable pass time and enters in
infinite loop where it checks for the timer on/off switch.
 If it is enabled, timer is on and signal lamps switches in sequence if the timer is not
enabled all the roads are cleared.
 Every time, it checks for the jumper to determine the pass time for vehicles
21 List the applications of Microcontroller. REMEMBER CO4 PI
. BT-L1 1.4.1
The applications of microcontroller are listed below:
 Light sensing & controlling devices
 Temperature sensing and controlling devices
 Fire detection & safety devices
 Industrial instrumentation devices
 Process control devices
22 What is the function of SM2 bit in the SCON register of UNDERSTAND CO4 PI
. 8051? BT-L2 1.4.1
 SM2 is a flag for "Multiprocessor communication." Generally, whenever a byte has been
received the 8051 will set the "RI" (Receive Interrupt) flag. This lets the program know
that a byte has been received and that it needs to be processed.
 However, when SM2 is set the "RI" flag will only be triggered if the 9th bit received was
a "1". That is to say, if SM2 is set and a byte is received whose 9th bit is clear, the RI flag
will never be set. This can be useful in certain advanced serial applications.
23 What are the functions performed by 8279? REMEMBER CO4 PI
. BT-L1 1.4.1
Hence the following are the functions are performed by 8279
 Key board scanning
 Key code generation and
 Display refreshing
Draw
24 Draw the TCON Register Format. REMEMBER CO4 PI
. BT-L1 1.4.1

MP & MC 3. 38 KCE / ECE / QB / III Yr / MP & MC

 Subject Code/Name: EC 8691 /MICROPROCESSORS & MICROCONTROLLERS
TCON is bit addressable. The address of TCON is 88H. It is partly related to Timer and
partly to interrupt.
TF1 TR1 TF0 TR0 IE1 IT1 IE0 IT0
TCON Register Format
 TF1: Timer1 overflow flag. It is set when timer rolls from all 1s to 0s. It is cleared when
processor vectors to execute ISR located at address 001BH.
 TR1: Timer1 run control bit. Set to 1 to start the timer / counter.
 TF0: Timer0 overflow flag. (Similar to TF1)
 TR0: Timer0 run control bit.
 IE1: Interrupt1 edge flag. Set by hardware when an external interrupt edge is detected.
It is cleared when interrupt is processed.
 IE0: Interrupt0 edge flag. (Similar to IE1)
 IT1: Interrupt1 type control bit. Set/ cleared by software to specify falling edge / low
level triggered external interrupt. IT0: Interrupt0 type control bit. (Similar to IT1)

25 Give some example of input devices to REMEMBER CO2 PI

. microprocessor - based systems. BT-L1 1.4.1
The input devices used in the microprocessor- based system are:
 Keyboards
 DIP switches
 ADC
 Floppy disc, etc.

PART B

1 With neat sketch block diagram of interfacing AU-AM UNDERSTAND CO3 PI

64KB of External RAM and 64KB of External 2021 BT-L2 3.1.6
ROM with the 8051 Microcontroller. (13)
2 Draw and explain the ADC interfacing using AU-AM UNDERSTAND CO4 PI
8051. (13) 2021 BT-L2 3.1.6
3 Write and explain. What is known as Serial Port AU-ND REMEMBER CO4 PI
Programming? (13) 2019 BT-L1 2.1.2
4 What are sensor interfacing and external AU-AM UNDERSTAND CO4 PI
memory interfacing? Explain. (13) 2019 BT-L2 3.1.6
5 Draw and explain the block diagram of alarm controller. REMEMBER CO4 PI
(13) BT-L1 1.4.1
6 (i)Interface the ADC converter with 8051 and explain REMEMBER CO4 PI
with neat diagram. (07) BT-L1 1.4.1
(ii)Write the assembly language program to execute the
ADC conversion. (06)
7 Write a program for generation of unipolar square APPLY CO4 PI
waveform of 1 kHz frequency using Timer0 in mode0. BT-L3 2.1.2
Consider the system frequency as 12 MHz. (13)
8 Demonstrate the interfacing of the stepper motor with CREATE CO4 PI
8051 and explain its interfacing diagram and develop BT-L6 2.4.2
program to rotate the motor in clock wise direction. (13)

MP & MC 3. 39 KCE / ECE / QB / III Yr / MP & MC

 Subject Code/Name: EC 8691 /MICROPROCESSORS & MICROCONTROLLERS
9 Explain 8051 serial port programming with examples. REMEMBER CO4 PI
(13) BT-L1 1.4.1
10 (i) Explain stepper motor control using 8051 REMEMBER CO4 PI
microcontroller. (07) BT-L1 1.4.1
(ii) Explain in detail about the interrupt programming in
8051. (06)
11 (i) Explain the interfacing of 4 x 4 matrix keyboard with REMEMBER CO4 PI
8051 microcontroller. (08) BT-L1 1.4.1
(ii) Write shortly on the various operating modes for
serial port of 8051. (05)
12 Explain the interfacing of keyboard with 8015 REMEMBER CO4 PI
microcontroller. (13) BT-L1 1.4.1
13 Write a program for counter 1 in mode 2 to count the APPLY CO4 PI
pulses and display the state of TL1Count on PORT 2. BT-L3 1.4.1
Assume that clock input is connected to T1 pin (P 3.5).
(13)
14 Describe in detail the microcontroller based system UNDERSTAND CO4 PI
design with an Example. (13) BT-L2 2.1.2
15 List any four application of stepper motor? Explain how UNDERSTAND CO4 PI
to interface stepper motor with µc. (13) BT-L2 2.2.4
16 What is the need for PWM in motor control application? REMEMBER CO4 PI
Explain. (13) BT-L1 1.4.1
17 With a neat functional diagram show how an 8051 REMEMBER CO4 PI
microcontroller is in controlling a stepper motor. (13) BT-L1 1.4.1
18 Explain the different jump instructions in 8051. (13) UNDERSTAND PI
BT-L2 1.4.1
19 Discuss timers of 8051 microcontroller. (13) REMEMBER PI
BT-L1 2.2.4
PART C

1 Write an assembly language program using 8051 APPLY CO4 PI

instructions to arrange an array of numbers in ascending BT-L3 2.2.1
order. (15)
2 With diagram explain the interfacing of a stepper motor APPLY CO4 PI
with a 8051 microcontroller and write an 8051 ALP to BT-L3 2.2.1
run the stepper motor in both forward and reverse
direction with delay. (15)
3 (i)Describe the different modes of operation of UNDERSTAND CO4 PI
timer/counters in 8051 with its associated register. (08) BT-L2 1.4.1
(ii)How does one interface a 16 x 2 LCD display using
8051 microcontroller? (07)
4 Describe the different modes of operation of UNDERSTAND CO4 PI
timer/counters in 8051 with its associated register. BT-L2 1.4.1
(15)
5 Illustrate the serial communication in 8051, with its UNDERSTAND CO4 PI
special function register. (15) BT-L2 1.4.1

MP & MC 3. 40 KCE / ECE / QB / III Yr / MP & MC