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< PowerShell
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Scripting Best Practices
Dictionary 

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< https://www.techopedia.com> All Articles Tech 101 < Https://Www.Techopedia.Com/Topic/248/Tech-101>


General Computing < Https://Www.Techopedia.Com/Topic/84/General-Computing>

30 PowerShell Commands You Must Know


(Cheat Sheet Included)
by Technology Writer Fact Checked by
Updated on
Marshall Gunnell < Alexandra Pankratyeva <
22 March 2024
https://www.techopedia.com/contributors/alexpankratyeva
https://www.techopedia.com/contributors/marshallgunnell>

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PowerShell Scripting Best Practices

PowerShell < https://www.techopedia.com/definition/25975/powershell> is a scripting


language < https://www.techopedia.com/definition/3873/scripting-language> and command-
line shell < https://www.techopedia.com/definition/3427/shell> developed by Microsoft,
designed for system administration and automation across Windows <
https://www.techopedia.com/definition/3390/microsoft-windows> , Linux <
https://www.techopedia.com/definition/3512/linux> , and macOS <
https://www.techopedia.com/definition/2639/macintosh-operating-system-mac-os> . It
provides access to system functions and a range of commands for automating tasks and
managing configurations.

Below are the 30 most common PowerShell commands aimed at enhancing system
administrators’ productivity.

We also included a PowerShell commands cheat sheet for quick reference so you can easily
find and apply the commands discussed.

Key Takeaways
PowerShell is a cross-platform system administration and automation tool compatible
with Windows, Linux, and macOS.

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We highlight 30 basic PowerShell commands covering file system navigation, file


PowerShell Scripting Best Practices
manipulation, system administration, user and permissions management, networking,
process management, and working with objects, along with a cheat sheet for quick
reference.
You can automate complex operations through PowerShell scripting and extend its
functionality with modules, which provide advanced commands and functions for
specialized tasks.
Best practices include using clear naming conventions, simplifying commands,
modularizing code, consistent formatting, avoiding hard-coded values, implementing
error handling, and the importance of commenting and documenting your scripts.

Table of Contents

Basic Concepts of PowerShell


Cmdlets
Cmdlets < https://www.techopedia.com/definition/27340/cmdlet> are small commands in
PowerShell designed to perform a single operation. For example, Get-Content reads
content from a file, while Set-Content writes content to a file. Cmdlets can be combined,
and their output can be manipulated to handle complex tasks. They form the foundation of
PowerShell’s functionality.

Scripts
PowerShell scripts < https://www.techopedia.com/definition/10324/scripts> are text files that
contain cmdlets and other PowerShell commands saved with a .ps1 extension. They
automate longer sequences of tasks and can be simple or complex.

Pipeline
PowerShell Pipeline < https://www.techopedia.com/definition/5312/pipeline> connects
multiple cmdlets, passing the output of one as the input to the next. This chaining of
commands enables you to perform complex operations with minimal code. For example, you
can list all files in a directory and filter them by size or type in a single line of code.

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PowerShell Scripting Best Practices

Update your Operating System


Discover the Power of Windows 11 and Elevate
Your Productivity with CDW Canada.
cdw.ca

PowerShell Integrated Scripting Environment (ISE)


ISE is a graphical user interface (GUI) <
https://www.techopedia.com/definition/5435/graphical-user-interface-gui> for PowerShell that
provides an environment for writing, testing, and debugging scripts. It has syntax coloring,
tab completion, and integrated help, along with other neat tools, making it easier to develop
and refine PowerShell commands and scripts.

30 Essential PowerShell Commands You Should Know


There are so many Windows PowerShell commands available that it can easily become a bit
overwhelming to figure out where to start.

We’ve compiled a comprehensive PowerShell commands list with some of the essential
commands you should know for tasks ranging from navigating the file system <
https://www.techopedia.com/definition/5510/file-system> and file manipulation to system
admin and networking.

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Navigating the File


PowerShell Scripting BestSystem
Practices

Get-ChildItem: Lists items in a directory.


Set-Location: Changes the current directory.
Push-Location: Saves the current directory on a stack so you can return to it.
Pop-Location: Returns to the directory saved by Push-Location.

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File Manipulation
PowerShell Scripting Best Practices

New-Item: Creates a new file or directory.


Remove-Item: Deletes a file or directory.
Copy-Item: Copies a file or directory to another location.
Move-Item: Moves a file or directory to a new location.
Rename-Item: Renames a file or directory.

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System Administration
PowerShell Scripting Best Practices

Get-Service: Lists all services on a computer.


Start-Service: Starts a stopped service.
Stop-Service: Stops a running service.
Restart-Service: Restarts a service.

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User & Permissions


PowerShell Scripting BestManagement
Practices

Get-LocalUser: Retrieves local user accounts.


New-LocalUser: Creates a new local user account.
Remove-LocalUser: Deletes a local user account.
Get-Acl: Gets access control list (ACL) for a file or resource.
Set-Acl: Sets the ACL for a file or resource.

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Networking Commands
PowerShell Scripting Best Practices

Test-Connection: Sends ICMP echo requests to a target host to test connectivity.


Get-NetIPAddress: Retrieves IP address configuration.
Get-NetAdapter: Lists network adapters.
Resolve-DnsName: Resolves a DNS name to an IP address.

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Process
PowerShellManagement
Scripting Best Practices

Get-Process: Lists currently running processes.


Start-Process: Starts a new process.
Stop-Process: Stops a running process.
Wait-Process: Waits for a process to exit.

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Working
PowerShellWith Objects
Scripting Best Practices

Select-Object: Selects specific properties of an object.


Where-Object: Filters objects based on property values.
Sort-Object: Sorts objects by property values.
Group-Object: Groups objects by property values.

PowerShell Commands Cheat Sheet


We’ve listed the most common PowerShell Commands you should know, but what about an
alias for a given command? How about its syntax?

With this cheat sheet, you can get everything you need to know about those essential
commands, along with an example, for quick reference.

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Alias
PowerShell Command
Scripting Best PracticesSyntax Example Description

Navigating the File System

Lists items in
Get-ChildItem - Get-ChildItem -
Gci, ls, dir Get-ChildItem a specified
Path <Path> Path C:\Users
directory

Set-Location - Changes the


Set-Location -
Cd, chdir Set-Location Path current
Path <Path>
C:\Windows directory

Saves the
Push-Location -
Push-Location - current
pushd Push-Location Path
Path <Path> directory on a
C:\Windows
stack

Returns to
the directory
popd Pop-Location Pop-Location Pop-Location saved by
Push-
Location

File Manipulation

New-Item -Path New-Item -Path


Creates a
ni New-Item <Path> - .\file.txt -
new file
ItemType File ItemType File

del, erase, rd,


Remove-Item - Remove-Item - Deletes a file
ri, rm, rmdir, Remove-Item
Path <Path> Path .\file.txt or directory
rp

Copy-Item -Path Copy-Item -Path


Copies a file
copy, cp, cpi, <Path> - .\file.txt -
Copy-Item to a new
cpp Destination Destination
location
<Destination> .\backup\file.txt

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PowerShell Scripting Best PracticesMove-Item -Path Move-Item -Path


Moves a file
mi, move, <Path> - .\file.txt -
Move-Item to a new
mp, mv Destination Destination
location
<Destination> .\new\file.txt

Rename-Item - Rename-Item -
Path <Path> - Path .\file.txt - Renames a
ren, rni, Rename-Item
NewName NewName file
<NewName> new_file.txt

System Administration

Where-Object
{$_.Status -
gsv Get-Service Get-Service Get-Service
eq
“Running”}`

Starts a
Start-Service - Start-Service -
sasv Start-Service stopped
Name <Name> Name “bits”
service

Stops a
Stop-Service - Stop-Service -
spsv Stop-Service running
Name <Name> Name “bits”
service

Restart- Restart-Service Restart-Service Restarts a



Service -Name <Name> -Name “bits” service

User & Permissions Management

Get- Select-Object
glu Get-LocalUser Get-LocalUser
LocalUser Name`

Creates a
New- New-LocalUser - New-LocalUser -
nlu new local
LocalUser Name <Name> Name “User1”
user account

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PowerShell Scripting Best PracticesRemove- Remove- Deletes a


Remove-
rlu LocalUser - LocalUser - local user
LocalUser
Name <Name> Name “User1” account

Gets ACL for


Get-Acl -Path Get-Acl -Path
– Get-Acl a file or
<Path> .\file.txt
resource

Set-Acl -Path
Set-Acl -Path Sets the ACL
<Path> -
– Set-Acl .\file.txt - for a file or
AclObject
AclObject $acl resource
<AclObject>

Networking Commands

Test-Connection Test-Connection
Test- Tests network
– -ComputerName -ComputerName
Connection connectivity
<Name> google.com

Get-
Retrieves IP
Get- Get- NetIPAddress -
– address
NetIPAddress NetIPAddress InterfaceAlias
configuration
“Ethernet”

Get-NetAdapter
Get- Lists network
– Get-NetAdapter -Name
NetAdapter adapters
“Ethernet”

Resolve-
Resolve- Resolves a
Resolve- DnsName -
– DnsName - DNS name to
DnsName Name
Name <Name> an IP address
google.com

Process Management

Where-Object
gps, ps Get-Process Get-Process Get-Process {$_.CPU -gt
100}`

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PowerShell Scripting Best PracticesStart-Process - Start-Process -


Starts a new
start, saps Start-Process FilePath FilePath
process
<FilePath> “notepad.exe”

Stops a
Stop-Process - Stop-Process -
spps, kill Stop-Process running
Name <Name> Name “notepad”
process

Waits for a
Wait-Process - Wait-Process -
– Wait-Process process to
Name <Name> Name “notepad”
exit

Working With Objects

Selects
Select-Object - Get-Process |
specific
select Select-Object Property Select-Object
properties of
<Property> Name, CPU
an object

Where-Object Get-Process | Filters objects


{$_.Property - Where-Object based on
– Where-Object
Condition {$_.CPU -gt property
<Value>} 100} values

Sort-Object - Sorts objects


Get-Process |
sort Sort-Object Property by property
Sort-Object CPU
<Property> values

Groups
Group-Object - Get-Process |
objects by
group Group-Object Property Group-Object
property
<Property> ProcessName
values

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Advanced PowerShell
PowerShell Scripting Commands & Techniques
Best Practices

PowerShell scripting extends the functionality of the command line, allowing for more
complex and powerful operations. Here are some of the key elements.

Control Structures < https://www.techopedia.com/definition/32957/control-


structure> : These are the if, else, and switch statements for decision-making and
loops (for, for each, while, do-while) for repetitive tasks.
Functions < https://www.techopedia.com/definition/25615/function> : Functions are
reusable blocks of code that you can call with a name. They help organize scripts into
manageable sections and can accept parameters for dynamic operation.
Error Handling < https://www.techopedia.com/definition/16626/error-handling> :
PowerShell uses try, catch, and finally blocks for error handling. This allows scripts
to gracefully handle errors and continue executing or properly terminate.

Scripts can automate almost any task that can be performed in the PowerShell command
line. Complex scripts can manage system updates, deploy software across networks,
automate file management, and a whole lot more.

The key is combining cmdlets, control structures, and custom functions to create a sequence
of operations that run without manual intervention.

Modules expand PowerShell’s capabilities by adding new commands, including cmdlets and
functions. After importing a module with Import-Module, you can access additional
functionalities for specific tasks, like AzureRM <
https://registry.terraform.io/providers/hashicorp/azurerm/latest> for Azure resources,
ActiveDirectory for directory services, and PSDsc < https://docs.inedo.com/docs/otter-
reference-operations-powershell-psdsc> for configuration management.

Modules can be either built-in, downloaded from the PowerShell Gallery <
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/gallery/getting-started?view=powershellget-3.x>
, or custom-made.

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PowerShell Scripting
PowerShell Scripting Best Practices
Best Practices
When writing PowerShell scripts, following best practices will keep your code clean,
readable, and usable. Here are some general guidelines you should follow.

Use Clear Naming Conventions: Choose descriptive names for functions and variables.
This makes your script self-documenting and easier to understand.
Keep It Simple: Write simple and straightforward commands. Complex one-liners can be
impressive but difficult to read and maintain.
Modularize Your Code: Break your script into functions. This approach makes your code
reusable and easier to test.
Use Consistent Formatting: Use consistent indentation, spacing, and bracket placement
< https://www.techopedia.com/definition/18050/bracket> . This consistency improves
readability and maintenance.
Avoid Hard-Coding Values: Use parameters and configuration files instead of hard-
coded values < https://www.techopedia.com/definition/16934/hardcode> . This makes
your scripts more flexible and easier to update.
Implement Error Handling: Use try, catch, and finally, blocks to handle errors <
https://www.techopedia.com/definition/7068/error-message> . Proper error handling
prevents your script from failing silently and makes debugging easier.
Comment Your Code: Comments are very important for explaining the purpose of your
code, how it works, and why specific decisions were made. Comments are valuable for
anyone who may work on your script in the future, including your future self.
Document Your Script: Alongside in-line comments, document at the beginning of your
script its purpose, usage, parameters <
https://www.techopedia.com/definition/3725/parameter-param> , and any dependencies. It
is important for others to understand and use your script.

The Bottom Line


System administrators and IT professionals who want to improve workflow and automate
system management would definitely benefit from mastering PowerShell commands.

The PowerShell commands cheat sheet provided is a good starting point, but it’s important to
practice these commands and explore beyond the basics.

Advanced scripting, using modules, and learning new commands will unlock PowerShell’s
full capabilities.

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FAQs
PowerShell Scripting Best Practices

What are commands for PowerShell?

How do I script a PowerShell command?

How do I use PowerShell from the command prompt?

References

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PowerShell Scripting Best Practices
interview-with-ibm-uks-chief-executive>

Related Terms

Cmdlet <
https://www.techopedia.com/definition/27340/cmdlet>

File System <


https://www.techopedia.com/definition/5510/file-
system>

PowerShell <
https://www.techopedia.com/definition/25975/powershell>

Scripting Language <


https://www.techopedia.com/definition/3873/scripting-
language>

Shell <
https://www.techopedia.com/definition/3427/shell>

Shell Script <


https://www.techopedia.com/definition/9341/shell-
script>

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PowerShell Scripting Best Practices


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on delivering thoroughly researched, accurate, and unbiased content. We uphold strict
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Marshall Gunnell <


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Technology Writer
Marshall, a Mississippi native, is a dedicated IT and cybersecurity
Technology expert with over a decade of experience. Along with Techopedia, his
Writer articles can be found on Business Insider, PCWorld, VGKAMI, How-
To Geek, and Zapier. His articles have reached a massive audience
of over 100 million people. Marshall previously served as Chief
< < Marketing Officer (CMO) and technical writer for StorageReview,
providing comprehensive news coverage and in-depth product
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PowerShell Scripting Best Techopedia


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