nfhNuhdh tpLKiw fw;wy; ifNaL

2020
jfty; njhlu;ghly; njhopy;El;gk;
juk; 10

myF 1> 2

jpUkjp epj;jpah mUs;nkhoptu;kd;

(BSc Hons , PGDE Merrit)
fzpdp tsthsu;> fzpdp ts epiyak; >
typfhkk;
Mrs Nithiya Arulmolivarman(BSc Hons,PGDE Merrit) T.N 0772495481 Page 1
jfty; njhlh;ghly; njhopy;El;gk;

jfty; Mf;fj;jpw;Fk; guhkhpg;gpw;Fk; fsQ;rpag;gLj;Jtjw;Fk;

njhlh;G+l;Ltjw;Fk; jfty; njhlh;ghly; njhopy;El;gk; trjp mspf;fpd;wJ. mj;NjhL
clDf;Fld; gjpyPLfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sTk; gy;tifahd Kiwapy; jfty;fis
cUthf;fTk;> jfty;fis mwpf;if nra;aTk; jfty; njhlh;ghly; njhopy;El;gk;
cjTfpd;wJ. mj;jifa jfty; njhlh;ghly; njhopy;El;gj;jpd; gz;gpay;Gfspd; %yk;
ehl;bd; gpui[fSf;F toq;fg;gLfpd;w Nritapd; juj;ij mjpfhpf;fTk; >
Nkk;gLj;jTk; gad;gLj;j KbAk;. mj;Jld; kf;fspd; ehshe;j NjitfSf;F
cjTtjw;Fk; kf;fspd; tho;f;ifj; juj;ij cah;j;Jtjw;Fk; jfty; njhlh;ghly;
njhopy;El;gk; cjTfpd;wJ. MfNt jfty; njhlh;ghly; njhopy;El;gkhdJ r%f
nghUshjhu khw;wq;fis tpiuthfTk; > gad;ghl;LlDk; > jpwikAlDk;
Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;tjw;fhd kpfr; rpwe;j fUtpahFk;.

,yq;ifapy; jfty; njhlh;ghly; mgptpUj;jpj; jpl;lq;fs;

jfty; njhlh;ghly; njhopy;El;gj;ij mgptpUj;jp nra;tjw;fhd gy tifahd

jpl;lq;fs; ,yq;if murhq;fj;jpdhy; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;L tUfpd;wd.

e-Srilanka Programe (e-,yq;if Ntiyj;jpl;lk;)

jfty; njhopy;El;gj;ij fpuhkpa khzth;fsplk; khj;jpuk; md;wp efu

khzth;fs; kj;jpapYk; nfhz;L nry;tjpy; e-Srilanka jpl;lk; Kf;fpa gq;if
Mw;Wfpd;wJ.
,yq;ifapy; nghUshjhuj;ij mgptpUj;jp nra;jy; > tWikia xopj;jy; >
tho;f;ifj; juj;ij Nkk;gLj;jy; Mfpatw;iw ,yf;fhff; nfhz;L e-
Srilankaprogramme nraw;gLj;jg;gl;L tUfpwJ.
,yq;if jfty; njhlh;ghly; njhopy;El;gj;jpd; %yk;
 ehl;bd; nghUshjhuj;ij mgptpUj;jp nra;jy;
 tWikiaf; Fiwj;jy; %yk; ehl;L kf;fspd; tho;f;ifj; juj;ij Nkk;gLj;jy;
 jfty; njhlh;ghly; njhopy;El;g mwpT nfhz;l %isrhypfis cUthf;Fjy;
 mur NritfisAk; Vida NritfisAk; etPd kag;gLj;jy;.
 r%f Nkk;gLj;jy;
 tha;g;Gf;fisAk; >mwpitAk; >epahaG+h;tkhf toq;fg;gLtij epr;rag;gLj;jy;.
Nghd;w nraw;jpl;lq;fisr; nraw;gLj;j Kad;W nfhz;L ,Ug;gijf; fhz
Kbfpd;wJ.

Mrs Nithiya Arulmolivarman(BSc Hons,PGDE Merrit) T.N 0772495481 Page 2

e-Governance & e-Government
Xh; murhq;fk; jfty;> njhlu;ghly; njhopDl;gtpaiyg; gad;gLj;jpj; jdJ
ehl;bd; gpuirfSlDk; fk;gdpfs;> murhq;f mikaq;fs; > murhq;fr; rhu;gw;w
mikaq;fs; > NtW murhq;fq;fs; Mfpatw;WlDk; njhlh;Glikfisg; Ngziy
kpd;durhq;fk; e-Government vdf; fhl;lyhk;.

kpd; murhq;fj; njhlu;Glikfs;

G2C G2G Government G2B Government to G2E Government to
Government to Government Businesstpahghuq;fS Employeenjhopyhsu;fSf;
Citizens NtW f;F F
murhq;fq;fSf;F
murhq;f jhdpfh; ,ilr; nraw;ghl;Lr; gbtq;fs;
epWtfg; mYtyfq;fSk; Nrit
ngau;g;gl;bay; tPrh gw;wpa
tpguq;fSk;
murhq;f cy;yhrg; gzf; nfhLg;gdTr; th;j;jkhdp
jfty; gazpfSf;fhd Nritfs;
epiyar; cjtpfs;
Nritfs;
rl;lj; murhq;f tq;fpj; jfty;fs; Rw;WepUgq;fs;
njhFjpfs; rl;lq;fs;
,yq;ifg; ,yq;ifr; Rq;f tpahghuq;fis gjpT fld; trjpfs; gw;wpa
glq;fs; tpguq;fs; nra;jy; tpguq;fs;
thfd ,yq;ifg;glk;> tpahghuq;fSk;
cj;juTr; mofhd ,lq;fs; KjyPLfSk;
rPl;Lf;fisg;
GJg;gpj;jy;

e-Governance jfty; njhlh;ghly; njhopy;El;gj;jpy; gpd;tUtdtw;wpd; nghUl;L

rpwg;ghf gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.
* murhq;f nray;Kiwfspd; jpwikia tif $Wk; nghWg;ig ntspg;ghl;Lj;
jd;ikia Nkk;gLj;jy;.
* murhq;fq;fspd; jPh;khdk; vLj;jy; nray;Kiwfspy; ehl;Lg; gpui[fs; gq;F
nfhs;tjw;fhd rf;jpia toq;Fk; xU fUtpahf gad;gLj;jy;.

Mrs Nithiya Arulmolivarman(BSc Hons,PGDE Merrit) T.N 0772495481 Page 3

e-Government MdJ murhq;f jfty;fisAk; NritfisAk; ,izaj;jpd; %yk;
24 kzpj;jpahyKk; kf;fs; ngwf;$bajhfTk; rpf;fdj;Jld; toq;Ftjw;F
gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. rpwg;ghf fpuhkg;Gw kf;fSk; Nrit epiyaq;fSf;F
tpiuthfg; gazpf;f Kbahjth;fSk; Nritfisg; gw;wpa jfty;fis tpiuthf
mwpe;J nfhs;syhk;. ,jd; %yk; murhq;f Nritfis tpidj;jpwDlDk;
gad;kpf;fjhfTk; toq;f KbAk;. cjhuzkhf murhq;f ghPl;ir ngWNgWfis
ngw;Wf; nfhs;sf;$bajhf cs;sJ > 1919 vDk; njhiyNgrpAld; njhlh;G nfhz;L
jfty;fisAk; MNyhridfisAk; ngw;Wf; nfhs;syhk;.

Globalation (cyfkakhf;Fjy;)
cyfkakhjy; %yk; njhlh;ghlyhdJ mgptpUj;jpaile;Js;sJ. ,g;nghOJ
FWfpa Neuj;jpy; jfty;fis my;yJ nra;jpfis cyfpd; vg;gFjpapy; ,Ue;Jk;
mwpe;J nfhs;tjw;F etPd jfty; njhlh;ghly; njhopy;El;gf; fUtpfs;
mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. cyf kakhf;fy; nray;ghl;bd; %yk; mfpy cyfj;ijAk;
xU Mjpf; fpuhkj;jpd; mstpw;F RUq;fr; nra;tJ vdyhk;. mjhtJ jftypd; Clhf
mfpy cyfKk; ,izf;fg;gLfpd;wJ vdg; nghUs;gLk;. jftiyg; nghWj;j kl;by;
KO cyfKk; xU cyf fpuhkkhf te;Js;sJ.

Note:- mur Jiwapy; jfty; njhlh;ghly; njhopy;El;g nfhs;isfis ,yq;ifapy;

newpg;gLj;Jk; epWtdk; jfty; kw;Wk; njhlh;ghly; njhopy;El;g Kfth; epiyak;
(ICTA) MFk;.

jfty; njhlh;ghly; njhopy;El;gkhdJ nghUshjhuj;jpw;F Mw;Wk;

gq;fspg;Gf;fs;
Education-fy;tp
1. tiyg;gpd;dy; %yk; tFg;giwf; fw;wy; fw;gpj;jiy Nkw;nfhs;sy; (fy;tp mikr;R
SCHOOL NET fy;Y}hp tiyaikg;ig cUthf;fp ,izaj;jsk; %yk; fw;wy;
fw;gpj;jiy Nkw;nfhs;s toprikf;fpd;wJ.) kpd;dQ;ry; > Chating %yk; Jiw
rhh;e;j Mh;tyh;fsplk; ,Ue;J jfty;fis ngw;Wf; nfhs;sf; $bajhf cs;sJ.
2. ,iza trjp ,y;yhjth;fs; ,yj;jpudpay; fy;tp epfo;r;rpfs; > ghl CD , DVD
%yk; fy;tpr; nra;w;ghLfis ngw;Wf; nfhLj;jy;. ,jw;F LAN tiyaikg;igAk;
gad;gLj;jyhk;. ,t;tifahd fw;wy; nraw;ghLfs; ,yj;jpudpay; fy;tp e-Learning
vd Fwpg;gplg;gLfpd;wJ. ,-fy;tpKiwia gpd;tUk; topfspy; ngw;Wf;
nfhs;syhk;.

Mrs Nithiya Arulmolivarman(BSc Hons,PGDE Merrit) T.N 0772495481 Page 4

  fzpdp mbg;gilapyhd gapw;rp Computer Based Training- fzpdpia
mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L fw;wy; fw;gpj;jy; ,lk;ngWk;.
 ,iza mbg;gilapyhd gapw;rp Web Based Training ,izaj;ij
mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L fw;wy; fw;gpj;jy; ,lk;ngWk;
 fw;wy; Kfhikj;Jt Kiw (Learning Management System LMS) – xU
mikg;gpd; ngUe;njhifahd egh;fis epWtd hPjpahf kpfr; rpwe;j
Kiwapy; gapw;Wtpg;gjw;F cWJizahf mikfpd;wJ. xU khztd;
jdJ ghlnewpapid epiwT nra;jTld; ghlq;fSf;fhd Gs;spfs;
Fwpg;gpl;L mwpf;iffSk; LMS ,y; jahhpf;fg;gLfpd;wd.
 njhiyf;fy;tp Kiw (Distance Education System)

3. Mrphpah; njhopy; Gyik tpUj;jpf;F gq;fspj;jy;- mjhtJ Mrphpah;fs;

,izaj;jsk; %yk; jkf;F Njitahd jfty;fis ngw;Wf; nfhs;s Kbjy;.
4. ghlrhiy jfty; Kfhikj;Jt Kiwik School Information Management System-
ghlrhiy eph;thf fl;likg;ig fzpdpkag;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; eph;thfj; jpwid
Nkk;gLj;JtJld; fy;tp Kiwfspy; khw;wq;fis Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s KbAk; >
Neuj;ij kPjg;gLj;jyhk;> Ntiyg; gOitf; Fiwf;fyhk;. (Student Registration,
Inventory ,khzth;fsJ tuTr; rhd;wpjo; > trjpf; fl;lzk; > ju cs;sPL Nghd;wd)
5. gy;NtW ,izaj;jsq;fs; %yk; khzth; jkf;Fj; Njitahd tplaq;fis Njb
mwpayhk;. (nenasala.lk ,www.e-thaksalawa.moe.gov.lk,www.edulanka.lk,
www.vidumanpetha.com)
6. ghPl;ir ngWNgWfis ghh;j;J mwpe;J nfhs;sf; $bajhf mike;jpU;fpd;wJ.
(www.doenets.lk)
7. murhq;f jfty;fisAk; NritfisAk; ,izaj;jpd; %yk; 24 kzpj;jpahyKk;;
ngwf;$bajhfTk; cs;sJ.

tq;fpr; nraw;ghL
1. tq;fpr; Nritia ,yFgLj;jTk;> tp];jhpf;fTk; > tpiuTgLj;jTk;
Visacard
Master Card
Credit Card ,
ATM (Automatic Teller Machine) vd;gd gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.
gzg;ghpkhw;wj;ij tpiuthfTk; ghJfhg;ghfTk; Nkw;nfhs;s ATM vd;w
,ae;jpukhdJ ,yj;jpudpay; Kiwapy; fzpdpkag;gLj;jg;gl;l njhiyj; njhlh;G
topKiwahFk;. 24 kzp NeuKk; Nritia toq;Ftjhy; Njitahd Neuj;jpy;

Mrs Nithiya Arulmolivarman(BSc Hons,PGDE Merrit) T.N 0772495481 Page 5

 gzj;ij ngw;Wf; nfhs;syhk;. ehl;bd; vg;ghfj;jpy; ,Ue;Jk; ,jd; Nritia
ngw;Wf; nfhs;s KbAk;.
2. gzj;ijf; fzf;fpLk; ,ae;jpuk; %yk; gzj;njhifia tpiuthff; fzf;fplyhk;.
3. ifnahg;gj;ij Scan nra;J cWjpg;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; jtWfis Fiwj;Jf;
nfhs;sf $bajhf mike;Js;sJ.
4. MICR %yk; fhNrhiyapd; ,yf;fj;ij rhpghh;j;Jf; nfhs;syhk;.
5. tl;bf; fzpg;gPLfs;
Rfhjhuk;
1. MRI Scanner (fhe;jtpay; %yk; gpujpgpk;gq;fis El;gkhf ghpNrhjpj;jy;)-
X fjph;fis cgNahfpf;fhky; glnkLf;Fk;. ,J Nehahspf;fhd gLf;if Nghd;w
mikg;ig cs;slf;fpAs;sJ. ,f;fUtpapy; kdpj clk;gpw;F rkpf;iQfis
mDg;Gtjw;Fk; gpd;dh; mtw;iw ngWtjw;Fk; thndhyp miy czh;Tfs;
gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.
2. CAT Scan(Computer Axial Tomography)- gy X fjph;fspd; Nrh;f;ifapy; cUthdJk;
> fzpdpapdhy; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;lJkhd glq;fis fzpdp %yk; FWf;fhfg;
gFjpfshf;fg;gl;l gpd; mit cs;sf cWg;Gf;fis Kg;ghpkhz Njhw;wj;ijf;
nfhz;L epajpf;F khwhdtw;iw milahsg;gLj;j cjTk;.
3. CT Scan glq;fis mtjhdpg;gjhy; Gw;WNeha; > ,ja Neha; > cly; cl;fhaq;fs;
> njhw;WNeha; > jir kw;Wk; kz;ilNahl;Lld; njhlh;Ggl;l Neha;fs;
Nghd;wtw;iwAk; fz;lwpaf;$bajhfTs;sJ. ,J ntg;gf;fjph; nfhz;l
fUtpahFk;.
4. EEG (Electroencephalograph) -%isapd; nraw;ghl;il mtjhdpg;gjw;fhf
Kjyhtjhf cUthf;fg;gl;l ,f;fUtp kz;ilNahl;bw;F ntspahf
nghUj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.
5. ECG (Electrocardiogram Machine) -,jaj;jpd; Jbg;ig mtjhdpg;gjw;F
cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
6. Telemedicine njhiykUj;Jtk;- jftiy mDg;gf;$ba njhopy;El;gq;fisg;
gad;gLj;jp Nehahsp njhlh;ghd jfty;fis clDf;Fld; kUj;Jt epGzh;fshy;
mtjhdpf;fg;gl;L mjw;Fhpa kUj;Jt MNyhridfis toq;ff; $bajhf
,Ug;gJld; (Nehahspapd; ,Ug;gplk;> kw;Wk; jfty;fs; vq;fpUe;J ngw;Wf;
nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wd vd;gJ gw;wp ftiyapy;iy) jukhd rpwe;j Neha;f;
Fzg;gLj;Jk; toptiffis Fiwe;j nrytpy; Nkw;nfhs;sf;$bajhf ,Uf;Fk;.

Mrs Nithiya Arulmolivarman(BSc Hons,PGDE Merrit) T.N 0772495481 Page 6

njhiykUj;Jtj;jpd; gpuNahfk;

 itj;jpa rpfpr;irfis Nkw;nfhs;Sjy; >Nehahsp njhlh;ghd mwpT+l;ly; >

eph;tfpj;jy; Ma;Tfis Nkw;nfhs;sy; > Neha;Fwpfis mwpe;J nfhs;sy;
vd;gtw;Wld; njhlh;ghd tplaq;fisf; nfhz;L epGzj;Jt
MNyhridfis rhjhuz itj;jpah;fs; njhiytpYs;s epGzj;Jth;fSld;
fye;Jiuahb ghpfhukspj;jy;.(Tele Video conferencing)
 Nehahspapd; jfty;fisf; nfhz;L mthpd; epiyia njhiytpypUe;J
mtjhdpj;jy;
 kUj;Jtf; fUj;juq;Ffspy; njhiytpYs;sth;fs; gq;Fnfhs;sy;
 gy ,lq;fspypUe;J jfty;fisg; ngw;W Ma;Tfis Nkw;nfhs;sy;
 ,iza %ykhf kUj;Jt jfty;fisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;sy;

njhiykUj;Jtj;jpd; rthy;fs;

 itj;jpahpd; mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; > nghWg;G kw;Wk; Nehahspapd;

ek;gfj;jd;ik Nghd;wit (ehl;bw;F ehL NtWgLk; mDkjp Kiwfs;)
 nghWg;G- rl;l eltbf;iffs; ve;j ehl;by; ahUf;F Nkw;nfhs;Sjy;>
itj;jpaUf;fh my;yJ itj;jpa epGzUf;fh Nghd;w tplaq;fs;
 nryT Kf;fpa jilahfTs;sJ. fpuhkg; Gwq;fSf;F ,t;trjp
toq;Ftjw;F $Ljyhd nryT Vw;gLk;.
 jfty; ghpth;j;jid nryT $baJ.
 njhiy kUj;Jt trjp ngw;Wf; nfhz;ljw;F fl;lzk; nrYj;JtjpYs;s
rpf;fy;fs;.
7. Endoscopy- ,r;rpfpr;ir Kiwapy; Flw;Gz;fSf;F Foha; xd;wpD}lhf
cl;nrYj;jg;gLk; xspapay; ehh; fkuh xd;wpd; cjtpAld; ghh;itapl;L rpfpr;ir
mspj;jy;.
8. clypDs; Mog; gjpe;Js;s fl;bfs; cs;s gpuNjrj;jpy; kl;Lk; rpWJis ,Ltjd;
%yk; mWitr; rpfpr;irf;F gjpyhf fl;bfis mfw;Wjy;. (Fwpj;j gFjpfis
jpiuapy; ghh;itapl;lgb rpfpr;ir mspj;jy;)
9. ,uj;j mOj;jk;Blood Pressure Testing Machine %yKk;>Blood Sugar ,d; msTBlood
Sugar Testing Machine%yKk;,jaj;jpd; njhopw;ghl;il fzpdpj; jpiuapy; fhl;l
Cardiac Screening Machine k; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.
10. Ma;T$lq;fis fzpdpkag;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; rhpahd Ma;twpf;iffis ngw
Kbjy;

Mrs Nithiya Arulmolivarman(BSc Hons,PGDE Merrit) T.N 0772495481 Page 7

11. Nehahsh;fspd; juTfis ,yFthfg; NgzTk; Gjpa Gjpa fUtpfspd; fz;Lgpbg;Gk;
itj;jpa fz;Lgpbg;Gf;fSf;Fk; toprikf;fpd;wJ.

tptrhak;

1. khjphpfs; gHPl;rpj;jy; (Sample Testing) :- kz;zpYs;s Nghrizg;gjhh;j;jq;fs;

Nrjdg; nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; ,jd; ngsjPf ,urhad ,ay;Gfs; Muha;e;J
gaph;r;nra;iff;F Vw;Gilajh vd rpghhpR nra;a KbAk;.
2. tpijfspd; juk; > tho;jfT Nghd;wtw;iw cWjpg;gLj;jy;.
3. jhtu gjhh;j;jq;fspd; Nghrizg; ngWkhdq;fis mwpe;J nfhs;syhk;
4. ePhpDs; fdpAg;Gf;fs; Ez;zq;fpfs; Nghd;wtw;wpd; msit jPh;khdpf;f.
5. Neha;fis fz;lwpjy;.( Virus -Elisa test %yk; mwpjy; > Bacteria Neha;fis mwpe;J
vjph;T $wy; )
6. re;ijg;gLj;jy; - vkJ ehl;bYk; NtW ehl;bYk; cs;s Nfs;tpfs; epuk;gy;
vd;gtw;iw cldbahf mwpe;J mjw;Nfw;g re;ijg;gLj;jy;. NtW ehLfspd;
fhyepiy > murpay; epiyfis mwpe;J mw;Nfw;g vkJ gaph;r;nra;ifia
jPh;khdpj;jy;.
7. thdpiy vjph;T$wy;- thdpiy mstPl;Lg; nghwpfspd; cjtpAld; #oy;>
ntg;gepiy> kiotPo;r;rp kw;Wk; Neha;ff
; huzpapd; vz;zpf;if > gaphplg;gl;l ghfk;
vd;gtw;iw fUj;jpy; vLj;J Neha;fis vjph;T$wy;> gaph;rn ; ra;iff;F cfe;j
fhyj;ij vjph;T$wy;.
8. jug;gLj;jy; czTg; nghUl;fspd; epwk; > epiw > nghjp nra;jy; vd;gtw;iw
fUj;jpy; nfhz;L jukw;w nghUl;fis ePf;Fjy;.
9. fhzpg; gjpit mgptpUj;jp nra;jy;
10. tptrha Muha;r;rpfis nra;a Kbjy;
11. jd;dpaf;f tz;Lf; fl;Lg;ghl;Lg; nghwp %yk; gapu;fSf;F tz;Lfspdhy; Vw;gLk;
Nrjj;ij jtph;f;fyhk;.
12. jd;dpaf;f Kiwahf ePh; toq;Fk; nghwp %yk; ehk; toq;Fk; juTfSf;Nfw;g
njhopw;gl;L> gaphpLk; epyj;jpw;F Njitahd ePiu fl;Lg;ghl;Lld; toq;Ftjw;F
cjTfpd;wJ.
13. jd;dpaf;f fisafw;Wk; nghwp %yk; ehk; toq;Fk; juTfSf;Nfw;gg;
gapu;fisAk; fisfisAk; NtWgLj;jp ,dq;fz;L fisfis mfw;Wk;.
14. NuhNghj; njhopy;El;gk; %yk; nrbfis eLjy;> mWtil nra;jy; Nghd;wd
,lk;ngWfpd;wd.

Mrs Nithiya Arulmolivarman(BSc Hons,PGDE Merrit) T.N 0772495481 Page 8

ifj;njhopy;
1. fzpdpj; JizAldhd tbtikg;Gk; CAD (Computer Aided Design) kw;Wk;
fzpdpj;JizAldhd cw;gj;jpAk; CAM (Computer Aided Manufacture)–thfdq;fs;
> ,ae;jpuq;fs; > thD}h;jpfs; kw;Wk; fzpdpapd; jha;g;gyif Nghd;witfspd;
fl;likg;gpid tbtikf;f CAD nkd;nghUs; ghtpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. xUq;fpize;j
Rw;Wf;fSf;F nra;epuy; vOjTk; CAD nkd;nghUs; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. ,tw;iw
cw;gj;jp nra;tjw;F CAM gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. (2D CAM,3D CAM vd;gd
gad;ghl;bYs;sd.)
2. Robot-,ae;jpu > kpd;dpay; kw;Wk; ,yj;jpudpay; ghfq;fisf; nfhz;L
eph;khzpf;fg;gl;l Xh; ,ae;jpukhFk;. ,ij cUthf;fpatupdhy; Fwpg;gpl;l Nehf;F
my;yJ nraw;ghl;ilr; nra;tjw;fhf jd;dpr;irahf my;yJ gFjpastpy;
jd;dpr;irahf ,aq;Fk; Mw;wYila Xh; ,ae;jpukhFk;.
3. ifj;njhopw;rhiyfspy; vjph;fhy cw;gj;jpia jpl;lkply;
4. fopTfs; kPs; Row;rpf;F cl;gLj;jy; (fopTfspd; juj;ij kjpg;gPL nra;J mjid
chpa tifapy; kPs; Row;rpf;F cl;gLj;jy;)
5. %yg; nghUl;fis fz;lwpjy; -Petrolium , fdpg;nghUl;fs; Nghd;wd.
6. Gjpa jpl;lq;fis tbtikj;J Nrkpj;J itf;f KbAk;.
7. cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gl;l nghUs;fspd; ek;gfj;jd;ikia mjpfhpj;jy;.
8. njhopyhsh;fspd; tuitg; gjpT nra;tjw;F Finger print reader, Card Reader
vd;gtw;iw cgNahfpg;gjd; %yk; epWtdj;jpd; cWg;gpdh;fis ,dq;fhzy;>
tUif > nry;if vd;gtw;iw mtjhdpg;gjd; %yk; epWtdj;jpd; epu;thfk; vspjhf
mikAk;.
nghOJNghf;F
1. fzpdp tpisahl;Lf;fs;
2. e-Shopping
3. ,yf;f Kiwr; rhjdk; (Multi Channel digital television)
4. Music
5. Ntiy tha;g;Gf;fs; gw;wp mwptjw;Fk; Nehahsh;fSf;F cjTtjw;Fk;> thliff;F
tPL cz;lh vd mwptjw;Fk; > kzkfd; kzkfis jpUkz Nritapd; %yk;
mwe;J nfhs;tw;Fk; cjTfpd;wJ.
6. r%f tiyaikg;gpD}lhf ,ize;J> njhlu;Ggl Kbahj ntspehl;by; thOk; gy
fhykhfr; re;jpf;fhj cwtpdu;fSlDk; ez;gu;fSlDk; jfty;fisg; gupkhWjy;.
7. ,izaj;Jld; ,ize;J kpd;D}y;fis thrpj;jy;.

Mrs Nithiya Arulmolivarman(BSc Hons,PGDE Merrit) T.N 0772495481 Page 9

Vidait
1. Railway -Railway ,y; Neu ml;ltiz >Touch screen ,y; njhLif Vw;gLj;Jk;
NghJ Fwpj;j gpuNjrj;jpw;Fhpa Gifapuj Nrit vj;jid kzpf;F vd;gij mwpe;J
nfhs;sy;.
2. Mrdq;fis gjpT nra;tjw;F Fwpj;j website ,D}L Mrdg;gjpTfis
Nkw;nfhs;sy; (tpkhd > Gifapuj Mrd gjpTfs;)
3. jd;dpaf;f cah;j;jpapd; nraw;ghL-tpkhd epiyaq;fs; > ehl;Lg;Gw vy;iyf;Fs;
Nghd;wtw;wpy; rl;ltpNuhjkhd nghUl;fis nfhz;L nry;tij ,dq;fhzy;.
4. tpisahl;Lj;Jiwapy; tpNrlkhf cricket ,y; third Ampair ,d; nraw;ghl;Lf;F
cjTjy;
5. Balling Direction I Jy;ypakhf ntspg;gLj;j
6. Traffic Control ,y; rl;ltpjpfs; kPwg;gl;Ls;sjh vd;gjid ,dq;fhzy;
7. jfty; njhlh;ghlypy; clDf;Fld; cyfpd; ve;jj; jpirapYk; epfOk; nra;jpfis
njhpe;J nfhs;sy; (E-mail)
8. thdpay; rk;ge;jkhd Muha;r;rpfs; Rockets mDg;Gjy; Nghd;wtw;iw Gtpapy;
,Ue;Nj mtjhdpf;ff;$ba trjpfis nfhz;bUj;jy;
9. rpdpkhj; Jiwapy; Editing Ntiyg;gOthdJ ntFthf Fiwf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
10. xUthpd; rpWtaJ Njhw;wj;jpid itj;J mthpd; Fwpg;gpl;l tajpd; Njhw;wj;ij
,dq;fhzyhk;.
11. Finger print reader %yk; Fwpj;j egiu ,dq;fhzy;.
Note:- epfo;epiy mq;fhbf; nfhs;tdT Online Shopping my;yJ kpd;th;j;jfk;
kpd;th;j;jfk; vd;gJ ,izaj;jpd}lhf ,e;ehl;by; my;yJ ntspehl;by; cs;s
th;j;jf epWtdq;fspd; nghUl;fs; Nritfis toq;FjYk; Efh;Nthh; mjid
nfhs;tdT nra;jYk; MFk;. 24 kzpj;jpahy Nrit. Xh; vspjhd ,lj;jpypUe;J
nghUs;fis mtjhdpj;J fl;lisapLk; Mw;wy; > Credit Card %yk; gzj;ijr;
nrYj;Jk; trjp> nghUis my;yJ Nritia tPl;bw;Fg; ngWtjw;fhd trjp > ,jd;
tpisthfg; gazf; fisg;G >Neuk; tPzhjy; Mfpad jtph;f;fg;gLk;.

juT
njspthd mh;j;jkw;w kw;Wk; xOq;fw;w tplaq;fNs juTfs; MFk;. juTfs;
mike;Js;s Kiwfs;
1. vOj;J tbtk; (0-9 tiuahd ,yf;fq;fs; , A-Z tiuahd vOj;Jf;fs; > tpNrl
FwpaPLfs; @,#,$,&………..)
2. fl;Gy tbtk; Visuals
3. nrtpg;Gy tbtk; Zudios
c-k; Kfg;gplg;glhj tiuglk; >Ngdhtpd; tpiy

juTfis tifg;gLj;jy;
juTfis msT > gz;G vd;gtw;wpd; mbg;gilapy; tifg;gLj;jyhk;.
Mrs Nithiya Arulmolivarman(BSc Hons,PGDE Merrit) T.N 0772495481 Page 10
1. mstpw;Nfw;g kjpg;gplf;$ba juTfs;- mstpw;Nfw;g kjpg;gplf;$ba juTfs; vd;gJ
vz;zpf;if %yk; fhl;lyhk; > vz;fzpj nraw;ghLfSf;F ghtpf;fyhk; > ,yf;f
mbg;gilapy; thpirg;gLj;jyhk; > ,yf;fq;fis tpQ;Qhd Kiwapy; mikf;fyhk;.
2. gz;gpw;Nfw;g tifg;gLj;jy;- kjpg;gpLk; juTfs; vz;zpf;if mbg;gilapy;
Kd;itf;f Kbahj juTfs; MFk;.
c-k;:- epwk;> tbtk;> rj;jk;

jfty;
xOq;FgLj;jg;gl;l fUj;Js;sthW mikf;fg;gl;l juTfspd; njhFjp jfty; MFk;.
c-k;:- khztuJ fy;tp tsh;rr
; papd; tiuG > khztuJ ruhrhp > thdpiy mwpf;if.

jftypd; rpwg;gpay;Gfs;
1. Nehf;fj;jpw;F nghUj;jKilajhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
2. Nehf;fj;jpw;F Nghjpajhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
3. Nehf;fj;jpw;F nghUe;jf;$ba nrk;ikAilajhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
4. gadh; njspthf tpsq;fpf; nfhs;sj;jf;fjhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
5. gadUf;F ek;gfk; nfhz;ljhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
6. rhpahd eghpw;F njhlh;ghlg;gl;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;.
7. nghUj;jkhd Neuj;jpy; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sf;$bajhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
8. jpl;lkhd ngWkhdj;ijf; nfhz;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;.

jftypd; nghUj;jg;ghL
jftyhdJ egUf;F egh; tpj;jpahrkhf ,Uf;Fk;.
c-k;:- xU vz;zpd; fd%yj;ij ngWtJ (4k; jrkjhdj;jpw;F) rhjhuz egh;
xUthpw;F Njitg;glhj NghJk; tpQ;Qhdp xUthpw;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngwyhk;.

Mrs Nithiya Arulmolivarman(BSc Hons,PGDE Merrit) T.N 0772495481 Page 11

 fzpdpapd; jiyKiw
jPh;khdpf;f
gpujhd td;nghUs; gad;gLj;Jk; g;gLk;
jiyKiw njhopDl;gtpay; nkd;nghUs; ,ay;Gfs; njhFjp
mjpfsT ntg;gk;
cw;gj;jpahfpd;wJ.
nkJthfj;
njhopw;gLfpd;wJ.
mstpw; nghpaJ.
ntw;wplf;Foha;fs; mq;Fk; ,q;Fk;
,ae;jpu nkhop nfhz;L ENIAC
Jis ml;ilfs;
juT cs;sPL xUq;F Nrh;g;G nry;yg;glKbahJ EDVAC
1k; nra;tjw;Fk; ntspaPL nkhop Njf;fp kpd; mjpfstpy; EDSAC
jiyKiw nra;tjw;Fk itj;j nra;epuy; Efug;gLfpd;wJ UNIVAC
1940-1956 gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. vz;zf;fU tpiy mjpfk; IBM701
mstpw; rpwpaJ
jpuhd;rp];uh;fs; Honey well
Fiwe;jsT
ehlh(Tape) ntg;gj;ij cw;gj;jp 400
,uz;lhtJ nra;fpd;wJ IBM7030
2k; Njf;fj;jpw;F kpd; Fiwe;jstpy; CDC 1604
jiyKiw nefpo;tl;L ehlh cah;epiyr; Efug;gLfpd;wJ UNIVAC
1956-1963 gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. nra;epuyhf;f nkhop tpiy mjpfk; LARC
xUq;fpize;j
Rw;Wf;fs; mstpw; rpwpaJ
Jizj; gzpnray;Kiw Fiwe;jsT
Njf;fj;jpw;F cah; ntg;gj;ij cw;gj;jp IBM-
cUthjy;
nfhs;jpwDs;s FwpKiwf;fhf nra;fpd;wJ 360/370
3k; tl;Lf;fs;; cah;epiyf;; fzpdp kpd; Fiwe;jstpy; PDP-8
jiyKiw juT cs;sPL- nkhopiag; Efug;gLfpd;wJ PDP-11
1964-1975 tpirg;gyif > Rl;b gad;gLj;jy; tpiuthdJ CDC 6600
Ez;Kiwtopahf;fp
LSI , VLSI
gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.
 cah;
nfhs;jpwDs;s kpfr; rpwpaJ
tl;Lf;fs;; tiutpaw; gadh; mq;Fk; ,q;Fk;
jdpahs; ,ilKfj;Jld; nfhz;L
4k; fzpdpfs;>Palm tops gzpnray;Kiw nry;yg;glj;jf;fJ.
jiyKiw fzpdpfs; UNIX ,w;iwg;gLj;jy; IBM PC
1975-1989 gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. gzpnray;Kiw ,yFthFk; Apple II
,izag;gy;Y}lf
gpuNahfk;
nraw;if
Ez;kjpia
mbg;gilahff;
kpfg; nghpa nfhz;l Fuy;
Rw;Wf;fs; mwpjy;
mstpiliag; thpAUitf;
gad;gLj;jy; (Ultra fz;lwpjy; nryT Fiwe;jJ
1.IBM note
Large Scale) vOj;Jf;fis mq;Fk; ,q;Fk;
nfhz;L books
5k;  mjpAah; thrpg;gjw;F
nfhs;jpwDs;s nry;yg;glj;jf;fJ. 2.Pentium
jiyKiw ifnaOj;Jf;fis
1989 tl;Lf;fSk; nfhz;L ,dq;fhz;gjw;F mstpy; rpwpaJ PCs
njhlf;fk; nry;yj;jf;;f xspapay; Nghd;w ifahsy; vspjhdJ. 3.SUN
,d;W nefpo;tl;Lf;fSk; nkd;nghUs;fis ek;gfj; jd;ikAk; Workstatio
tiuf;Fk; ,izak; mikj;jy; jpwikAk; $baJ ns

Mrs Nithiya Arulmolivarman(BSc Hons,PGDE Merrit) T.N 0772495481 Page 12

 fzpdpfis tifg;gLj;jy;
gad;ghl;bd;
msTfSf;Nfw;g mbg;gilapy; njhopy;El;g mbg;gilapy;
1.xj;jpirf; fzpdpfs;
Analog computers - #oypy;
cs;s fjp> Nthy;w;wsT>
1. kPff
; zpdpfs; Super Computer - mKf;fk;> ntg;gepiy Nghd;w
tpQ;Qhd > nghwpapay; xj;pirr; iriffis
gzpfSf;fhfTk; rpf;fyhd ,dq;fz;L mjw;Nfw;gj;
fzpjg; gpurpdq;fSf;fhfTk; General Purpose njhopw;gLk; fzpdpfs;;
gad;gLj;jg;gLk;. ehrh > Computer- nghJthd ,itahFk;.c-k; fjpkhdp
,uhZt mYty;fs; > nghpa Njitf;nfdg; >Gydpfs; cs;s tPjp
njhopy; epWtdk; Nghd;wtw;wpy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; tpsf;Ffs; > thdpiy
gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. fzpdpfs;.; msitg; nghwp
2.ngUKff; fzpdpfs;-Mainframe
Computer - ,it
kPf;fzpdpfspYk; ghh;f;f Ntfk;>
Mw;wy; >tpiy Fiwe;jit.gy
gadh;fSld; ,ize;J gy
Kbtplq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp 2.,yf;fKiwf; fzpdpfs;
juTfisAk; jfty;fisAk; Digital Computers-
ghpkhwpf; nfhs;sy;> Njf;fp ,yf;fKiwr; iriffis
itj;j;y; > kPz;Lk; ngWjy; Special Purpose ,dq; fz;L njhopw;gLk;
Mfpatw;iw ,J Nkw;nfhs;Sk;. Computer–tpNrl fzpdpfs; ,itahFk;. ,it
,izaj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp NjitfSf;nfd nra;epuypw;Nfw;g
nfhLf;fy; thq;fy;fSk; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; kpd;tYtpdhy;
eilngWfpd;wd. fzpdpfs njhopw;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.

3.NkNy $wg;gl;l ,U tiff;

3.rpW fzpdpfs;- Mini computer - fzpdpfspdJk; xU
Main frame ,Yk; tpl Ntfk; fyg;ghff; fhzg;gLtJ
>Mw;wy;> tpiy Fiwe;jit. fyg;gpdf; fzpdpfs; MFk;.
gad;gLj;JtJ vspJ. gy c-k; ECG Machine.
gadh;fspdhy; gy Xj;jpirr; irifahfpa
Kbtplq;fspd; %yk; rpW ,jaj;jpd; njhopw;ghl;il
fzpdpAld; ,ize;J juTfSk; ,dq;fz;L mjid
jfty;fSk; ghpkhwpf; ,yf;fKiwr; irifahf
nfhs;sg;gLk;. khw;wp mr; iriffis
c-k; tq;fpapay; njhFjp mr;rpLjy;
Ez;fzpdpfs; Micro Computer-
jdpahs; gad;ghl;bw;F
gad;gLj;;jg;gLk;. Fiwe;j
nfhs;jpwidf; nfhz;l
epidtfKk; tpiy> NtfKk;
FiwT. Fiwe;jsT kpd;id
Efh;fpd;wJ. ,f; fzpdp tiff;F
cjhuzkhf PDA Palmtop
Computer(cs;sq;if fzpdp) ,
Personal Computer , Laptop
computer,workstations , notebook
Nghd;wtw;iw Fwpg;gplyhk;

Mrs Nithiya Arulmolivarman(BSc Hons,PGDE Merrit) T.N 0772495481 Page 13

 fzpdpj; njhFjpapd; mikg;G
Jiz epidtfk;
Secondary Storage fl;Lg;ghl;L iriffs;
juT fl;lis
Backing Storage

cs;sPl;Lf; $Wfs; Kjd;ik epidtfk; ntspaPl;Lf; $Wfs;

Input Primary Memory Output

CPU

epidtfg; gjptfk;
Memory Registers

vz;fzpj jh;f;f myF

ALU

fl;Lg;ghl;L myF
Control Unit

cs;sPl;Lr; rhjdj;jpd; %yk; cs;splg;gLk; juTfSk; mwpTWj;jy;fSk;

Kjd;Kjypy; epidtfj;jpw;F nry;fpd;wd. mjd; gpd; ,j; juTfs;
Kiwtopg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf CPU w;F topg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. CPU %yk;
Kiwtopg;gLj;jg;gl;lit jfty;fshf kWgbAk; Kjd;ik epidtfj;jpw;F
topg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. gpd; ntspaPl;Lr; rhjdj;jpd; %yk; mj; jfty;fs;
ntspaplg;gLk;. mt;thNw mj; jfty;fisj; Njf;fp itg;gjw;F Jiz
epidtfj;jpw;F topg;gLj;jYk; Jiz epidtfj;jpYs;s jfty;fs; Njitg;gLk;NghJ
kWgbAk; Kjd;ik epidtfj;jpD}lhf ntspaplg;gLtJk; eilngWfpd;wd.

fzpdpapd; %isahf miof;fg;gLk; ikaKiwtopahf;f myF

fl;lisfSf;Nfw;g njhopw;gLk; mNjNtis gzpnray; KiwikAk; gpuNahf
nkd;nghUSk; njhopw;gLfpd;wd. ikaKiwtop myfpDs; vz;fzpj jh;f;f myF>
fl;Lg;ghl;L myF >epidtfg; gjptfq;fs; vd;gd fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

Mrs Nithiya Arulmolivarman(BSc Hons,PGDE Merrit) T.N 0772495481 Page 14

 vz;fzpj jh;f;f myF Arithmetic Logic Unit– fzpdpapy; $l;ly; >fopj;jy; >
ngUf;fy; Nghd;w vz;fzpj nraw;ghLfSk; xg;gPlL
; r; nraw;ghLfSk; (Logical
functions AND,OR,NOT) eilngWk; ,lk; MFk;.

fl;Lg;ghl;lyF- ,J fzpdpapy; eilngWk; rfy tpjkhd nraw;ghLfisAk;

newpg;gLj;JtNjhL mtw;iw fl;Lg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.

epidtfg; gjptfq;fs;- CPU ,d; Kw;gFjpapy; fhzg;gLk;. vz;fzpj jh;f;f myfpy;

njhopw;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; KiwtopfSf;Fj; Njitahd juTfs; jw;fhypfkhf
itj;jpUf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

fzpdpapd; fjp
CPU ,dhy; juTfis jahh; nraa;tjw;F vLf;Fk; Neuk; fjp vdg;gLk;. ,J
fbfhuj; Jbg;G tPjk; vdTk; (Clock Speed) miof;fg;gLk;. mbg;gil myF Hz
MFk;. 1000Hz=1KHz , 1000KHz=1MHz, 1000MHz=1GHz

cs;sPl;Lr; rhjdq;fs;- fzpdpf;F juTfisAk; mwpTWj;jy;fisAk; cs;sPL

nra;tjw;F gad;gLj;jg;gLk; rhjdq;fs; cs;sPl;Lr; rhjdq;fs; vdg;gLk;.

tpirg;gyif Rl;Lk; rhjdq;fs; tpk;gkhf;F > xspAU tUbfs; Scanners

(101/102-104/108 tiu Pointing DevicesMouse rhjdk; Imaging & Flatbed Scanners rkjsg;
rhtpfs; cz;L.) (Laptop ,y; Touch Pad Video devices gLf;if tUbfs;
Function Keys F1,F2…F12 ,y;gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ Digital Camera (Image,
(Text/image tUl)
Alphabets Keys (AZ), Touch Screen( Video cs;sPL nra;a) Barcode Reader (Super market
Numeric Keys (0,1…9) nry;Ngrp>iPad ,y;) Web Camera ,iza Library ,y;gad;gLj;jg;gLk;)
,Esc (Escape), Ctrl Joystick (Games ,izg;gpy; (Video MICR fhNrhiy ,yf;fj;ij
(Control) , Alt (Alter) tpisahl) Conference) thrpf;f
,Arrow Keys vd;gd Light Pen (Computer CCTV- tPjpr; OCR gy gf;fq;fs;
AidedDesign ,y; rl;lq;fis ghJfhj;jy; nfhz;l Mtzj;ij FWfpa
fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. > ,lg; ghJfhg;gpy; fhyj;jpy; tUb
gad;gLj;jg;gLk;. fzpdpg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk;
fzpdpg;gLj;jpa Mtzj;ij
gjpg;Gr; nra;tjw;Fk;
gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.
CCTV-Closed Circuit TV OMR Ngdhtpdhy; my;yJ
ngd;rpypdhy; Fwpf;fg;gl;l
MICR- Magnetic Ink Character Reader
gbtk; > ghPl;irg; gytpDs;
OCR - Optical Character Recognition njhpT tpilj;jhs;fSf;F
OMR - Optical Mark Recognition Gs;spapLjy; Mfpatw;Wf;F
ATM - Automatic Teller Machine gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ
ATM-ATM Card %yk;
vz;fs; ghPl;rpf;fg;gl;L
fzpdpf;F juTfs;
cs;splg;gLk;)
Mrs Nithiya Arulmolivarman(BSc Hons,PGDE Merrit) T.N 0772495481 Page 15
 ntspaPl;Lr; rhjdq;fs;- fzpdp %yk; jahh; nra;ag;gl;l jfty;fis ntspaPlhfg;
ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;Fg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; rhjdq;fs; ntspaPl;Lr; rhjdq;fs; vdg;gLk;.

nkd;efy; Soft Copy td;efy; Hard Copy xyp Sound

jpiu kPJ ghh;g;gjw;fhf njhlj;jf;f fzpdp ntspaPlhf nfhs;tJ. xypia ntspapLk;
khj;jpuk; jfty;fis c-k;Printers rhjdq;fs;
ntspapLk; rhjdk;
c-k; Multimedia Projector , Impact Printers Non Impact Printers
Monitor(VDU) mOj;jr;Rg;nghwp mOj;jhj mr;Rg;nghwp
c-k; Dotmatrix c-k; Nyrh; mr;Rg;nghwp
CRT LCD LED thp mr;Rg;nghwp Inkjet Fkpop/ikj;jhiu
(Line Printer) mr;Rg;nghwp
Thermalntg;gmr;Rg;nghwp

CRT-Cathode Ray Tube fNjhl;Lf; fjph;f; FohAld; $ba jpiu. mstpy; nghpajhf fhzg;gLk;.
mjpfstpy; kpd;id Efh;fpd;wJ. J}f;fpr; nry;tJ fbdk;. ,J gbg;gbahf gad;ghl;bypUe;J
ePq;Ffpd;wJ.
LCD Liquid Crystal Display jputg; gspq;F fhl;rpj; jpiu. ,J rkjsf; fhl;rpj;
njhopDl;gtpaYf;Nfw;g cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. ,U tisjF Kidthf;fpa
kpd;tha;fSf;fpilNa xU gspq;F fiuriyr; Nrh;j;J ,J cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. J}f;fpr;
nry;tJ ,yF. CRT cld; xg;gpLk;NghJ Fiwe;jsT kpd;id Efh;fpd;wJ.
LED Light Emmiting diode xspfhYk; ,Uthapia gad;gLj;jp cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;s LED
fhl;rpg; gyiffs; > th;jfg; ngah;g; gyiffs; > nghJ ,lq;fspy; iriffs;
vd;gtw;wpw;fhf gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. ,J Fiwe;jsT kpd;idNa Efh;fpd;wJ.

epidtfk;
Kjd;ik epidtfk; Jiz epidtfk;

RAM ROM CACHE fhe;jepiy xspapay; epiy jpz;k epiy

SRAM DRAM LEVEL 1 LEVEL 2

PROM EPROM EEPROM

Mrs Nithiya Arulmolivarman(BSc Hons,PGDE Merrit) T.N 0772495481 Page 16

Kjd;ikepiy epidtfk;:-
fzpdpf;F cs;splg;gLk; juTfs; CPU ,dhy; jahu; nra;ag;gLtjw;F Kd;dUk;
gpd;dUk; Njf;fp itj;jpUf;fg;gLk; ,lk; Kjd;ik epidtfk; vdg;gLk;. ,jd; tif

1. RAM- ,jd; mbg;gil gzp CPU ,w;F Njitahd juTfis jw;fhypfkhf

itj;jpUj;jyhFk;. ,jpy; itj;Jf;nfhs;sg;gLk; juTfs; fzpdp njhopw;gLjy;
epWj;jg;gLk;NghJ epidtfj;jpypUe;J mfw;wg;gLk;. MfNt ,jid mopjF epidtfk;
vd;gh;.

2. ROM- ,jpYs;s jfty;fs; vg;nghOJk; khwhky; ,Uf;Fk;. MfNt ,J mopTwh

epidtfk;. fzpdpapd; mbg;gil Kiwtopf;F Njitahd fl;lisfs; ,jpNyNa
Nrkpj;J itf;fg;gLk;. Basic Input Output System fl;lisahf ,Uf;Fk;.
,f;fl;lisfs; fzpdp cw;gj;jp nra;Ak; epWtfj;jpdhy; ROM,y; rpwpa ,lj;jpy;
Nrkpf;fg;gLk;.

3. Cache Memory- fzpdpapy; CPU ,w;F Njitahd juTfs; RAM ,D}lhf

nry;fpd;wd. Mdhy; RAM MdJ CPU w;F Njitahd msT fjpapy; juTfis
toq;Fk; Mw;wiy nfhz;bUg;gjpy;iy. ,jw;F fhuzk; RAM ,d; fjp CPU ,d;
fjpapYk; FiwT. ,jid jtph;gg
; jw;fhf gad;gLj;jg;gLtJ Cache memory MFk;.
,jd; tif Level1 , Level2

Level 1 Cache memory- CPU ,w;Fs;Ns mikf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. CPU w;F jutfSk;

mwpTWj;jy;fSk; Njitahd NghJ mit ,Uf;fpd;wdth vdg; ghh;f;fg;gLk; ,lk;
,JthFk;.

Level 2 Cache Memory- CPU w;F mz;ikapy; jha;g;gyifapy; nghUj;jg;gl;bUf;Fk;.

Level 2 Cache Memory nfhs;ssT Level 1 Cache Memory

Level 2 Cache Memory fjp Level 1 Cache Memoryfjp

Jiz epidtfk;- juTfisAk; jfty;fisAk; epiyahfj; Njf;fp itf;Fk;

epidtfk; ,JthFk;. ,jd; tif
1.fhe;j Clfr; rhjdk;- fhe;j njhopy;El;gtpaiyg; gad;gLj;jp juTfis
thrpg;gJk;vOJtJk; eilngWk;.
c-k;-
td;tl;L:- td;tl;Lf;fspy; juTfs; jl;Lf;fspy; Platters Njf;fp itf;fg;gLk;. td;tl;by;
,t;thW xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l jl;Lf;fs; ,Uf;fyhk;. ,it Roy; jz;by;
Mrs Nithiya Arulmolivarman(BSc Hons,PGDE Merrit) T.N 0772495481 Page 17
nghUj;jg;gl;bUf;Fk;. ,j; jl;Lf;fs; xNu jlitapy; xNu fjpapy; RoYk; mNj
Ntis mj;jl;Lf;fs; xt;nthd;Wf;Fk; jdpj;jdpahd thrpg;G vOj;J jiy
nghUj;jg;gl;bUf;Fk;.
nefpo;tl;L- ,d;W ghtidapy; ,y;iy. ,lj;jpw;fplk; vLj;Jr; nry;yyhk;. nfhs;ssT
FiwT.
fhe;j ehlh Magnetic Tape- Fiwe;j fjpiaAk; cah; nfhs;jpwidAk; nfhz;lit.
md;whl tho;tpy; gad;gLj;Jtjpy;iy.
Zip disk ck; Jazz disk ck;- nefpo;tl;il xj;jJ. Mdhy; Zip disk ,d; nfhs;ssT
100-750MB. Jazz disk1GB , 2GB

2. xspapay; Clfq;fs;- Xh; cNyhfj; jl;by; Fwpg;gpjd; %yk; juTfs; Njf;fp

itf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
c-k;-
CD ROM , DVD ROM juT> jfty;fis thrpg;gjw;F khj;jpuk;
Compact Disk Read Only gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.
Memory,
Digital Versatile Disk
CD-R , DVD-R xU jlit khj;jpuk; vOjp thrpf;fg;gLk;.
Compace disk write once
CD-RW, DVD -RW (re Writable) gy jlit vOjyhk;
Blue ray R thrpg;gjw;F khj;jpuk; xU jlit vOjj;jf;fJ.
juTfis vOJtjw;F ePy epwKs;s Nyrh;f;
fjph;fs; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.
xU jlit vOjg;gl;l juTfSf;F Nkyjpfkhf
Blue ray RE kPz;Lk; Mapuk; jlit KOf; nfhs;jpwDk;
epuk;Gk; tiu juTfis Nrh;f;fyhk;.

Blue ray 3D 3D tPbNahtpy; gjpT nra;ag;gLfpd;wJ.

3. jpz;kepiyr; rhjdq;fs;- mq;Fk; ,q;Fk; nry;yhj jpz;k mk;rq;fis

nfhz;bUg;gjdhy; ,r; rhjdq;fs; jpz;kepiyr; rhjdq;fs; vdg;gLk;.
c-k;:- USB gspr;rl
P ;lr; nrYj;jp >Memory Card (msptpy; rpwpaJ > ,yf;fKiwf;
fkuh > nry;Ngrp Mfpatw;wpy; gad;gLfpwJ.
Memory Card- ghJfhg;ghd ,yf;fKiw ml;il SD card (Secure Digital Card)

juTj; Njf;f nfhs;ssTfis mstpLk; myFfspw;fpilapyhd njhlh;Gfs;.

4 bits- 1 Nibble
8 bits- 1 Byte
1024 byte – 1 KB (Kilo Byte)
1024 KB – 1MB (Mega Byte)
1024 MB – 1GB (Giga Byte)
1024 GB – 1TB (Tera Byte)
1024 TB – 1PB (Peta Byte)

Mrs Nithiya Arulmolivarman(BSc Hons,PGDE Merrit) T.N 0772495481 Page 18