United Nations Organization ( UNO)

1. An international organization/Inter Governmental organization founded on 26th June

1945 with the following Purpose
 To Maintain Peace throughout the world
 To develop friendly relations among the member nations
 To promote Human Rights
 To Promote economic and Social Development.
3. Original Members --- 51, Present Members 193( South Sudan Joined on July 2011 as
193rd Members)---- 02 observer States
4. India was also an original Members and officially joined ( ratified ) on 30 October
1945( Ramaswami Mudaliar) signed the UN charter from India.
5. UNO Charter was signed on 26 June 1945 and it Came into Force on 24 October 1945
6. Head quarter = New York( America)
7. Official Languages( 06) Arabic , Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish
8. Permanent Members (05). ( UK, USA, France, Russia and China)
9. Arabic was added in 1973 as official Language and Working Language English and French

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 United Nations Organization ( UNO)

1. An international organization/Inter Governmental organization founded on 26th June

1945 with the following Purpose
 To Maintain Peace throughout the world
 To develop friendly relations among the member nations
 To promote Human Rights
 To Promote economic and Social Development.
3. Original Members --- 51, Present Members 193( South Sudan Joined on July 2011 as
193rd Members)---- 02 observer States
4. India was also an original Members and officially joined ( ratified ) on 30 October
1945( Ramaswami Mudaliar) signed the UN charter from India.
5. UNO Charter was signed on 26 June 1945 and it Came into Force on 24 October 1945
6. Head quarter = New York( America)
7. Official Languages( 06) Arabic , Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish
8. Permanent Members (05). ( UK, USA, France, Russia and China)
9. Arabic was added in 1973 as official Language and Working Language English and French

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10. United Nations Organization and its Secretary General Kofi Anan have
been awarded the Noble Peace Prize 2001 for peace promotion.
11. The first meeting of the UN General Assembly was held in London in
January 1946
12. The only country ever to withdraw from UNO was Indonesia in 1965
and rejoined UN in 1966.
13. First Secretary General of UNO was Trgve Lie of Norway (1946-52)
14. Present Secretary General of UNO is Antonio Guterres ( He succeeded
Ban Ki Moon)
15. Father of UNO --- Cordell Hull ( he was awarded Noble Prize in 1945 for
Planning the UNO)
16. Preceded by ----- League of Nations
17. UN Logo ---Oliver Lincoln Lundquist---- Peace , and represents the world.
18. The Name UNO was coined by the then US President “ Franklin
Roosevelt”
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19.

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 History of United Nation Organization.
1. League of Nation - Precursor to UNO.
 The world War was started in 1914 and ended in the year 1918 with the treaty of
Versailles between Central Powers( Axix Powers) and Allied Powers
 Axis Powers /Central Powers :- Germany , Austria- Hungry , Bulgaria and Ottaman Empire
 Allied Powers :- USA, Great Britain, France, Italy, Romania, Canada, Japan,
 Allied Powers defeated Axis Powers in World War
2. Treaty of Versailles/Paris Peace Conference , officially marking the end of World War I
3. League of Nation came into force with Treaty of Versailles on 10 January 1920.
4. League of Nation (1920-1946) was the first organization to Promote international
Peace throughout the world and to prevent any future war
5. League of Nations is known as Predecessor of United Nation Organisation.
6. It failed to prevent the second World war, and formally it ended formally on April 1946
7. United States never joined the League of Nation
8. Finally a new organization “ United Nation’s Organization came into force” to promote
peace throughout the world.
9. International Labor organization (1919) and Permanent court of Justice 1921 ( both
started during the League of Nations remained continued into force.
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 Formation of United Nation Organization.
1. The Precursor---League of Nation was to Promote Peace throughout the
world and Prevent war, However the World War 2 started in the year
1939 and ended in 1945
2. The Second World war started between the Axis Power( Germany , Italy,
Japan) and Allied Powers (USA, Great Britain, France, Italy, Romania,
Canada, etc),
3. on 26th June 1945, 50 Nations gathered together at San Francisco ( San
Francisco Conference ) signed a document – The UN Charter which
created an organization Known as United Nation Organization.
4. Poland signed the charter on 15 October 1945 , thus becoming 51
Original Member
5. On 24 October Charter came into force , with this UNO came into
existence, after rectification by the five Permanent members( UK, USA,
France, Russia and China)
6. Presently there are 193 members
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 Principal Organs of Organization

1. UNO has 6 Principal Organs

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 General Assembly
1. UNGA is main policy making organ
2. All 193 members represented the General Assembly
3. Each member state has an equal Vote
4. The Assembly meets annually once from September to December
5. President:- elected each year to serve one year term
6. The First Indian President of General Assembly= Vijay Laxmi Pandith.
7. The first UN General Assembly Session was held in London.
8. 79th Session :- (2024-2025)-----.Philemon Yang ( former PM of Cameron)
Functions of General Assembly
9. Secretary General :- appointing the secretary General on the recommendations of
Security Council
10. Admitting nations/states on the recommendation of Security Council
11. Approving UN Budget.
12. Electing 10 Non Permanent members of Security Council.
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 Security Council
1. Total Members = 15 Members
Permanent members = 05 ( UK, USA, France, Russia, and China)and
10 Non Permanent elected for a period of two years by the General Assembly
2. Prime Responsibly :- to Maintain international Peace and Security
3. Veto Power:- means special voting Power
Veto Power :- means any if any of the 5 Permanent members casts a negtive
vote in UNSC , the resolution or decision would not be approved.
Palestine has not become the member of UNO ( USA used 43 times for Israel)
The most undemocratic character of UN
4. President :- changes every month
5. India had been the members of Security council 8 times last time 2021-2022
First time in 1950-51
Membership
6. Every year five non Permanent members out of 10 for a two year term.
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 Economic and Social Council ( ECOSOC)
1. It assists the General Assembly in Promoting international economic, Social
development and also helps to address the environmental issues.
2. Social Progress and better standard of Living
3. IT has 54 members elected a period of 3 Years term
4. President:- elected every year
5. ECOSOC may grant consultative status to NGOs
6. It coordinates the work of UN specialized agencies, Functional commissions and
regional Commissions like ILO, FAO, UNESCO, WHO, IMF, ICAO, WIPO., Statistical
Commisision, Human rights Commission. Etc.
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 Trusteeship council
1. The Trusteeship is made up of five permanent members of the Security Council to
provide International supervision for 11 Trust territories
2. Trust Territories – non governing territories placed under an administrative
authority by the Trusteeship council of the United Nations.
3. By 1994- all the trust terrotories attained Self government.
4. Trusteeship council suspended operation on I November 1994 – Last remaining
territory Palau after achieving independence.
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 International Court of Justice
1. To Settle Legal Disputes submitted to it by member nations in accordance with
International Law
2. Consists :- of 15 Judges elected for a Period of 9 Years by UN General Assembly on
the recommendations of the Security Council
3. Every judge must be from a different nation.
4. One third of Court elected every Years
5. Headquarter;- Hague ( Neitherland) only organ that is not located in New York
6. Official Languages – English and French
7. Precursor– Permanent Court of International Justice.
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 The Secretariat
1. It carries out day to day work of UN
2. Secretary General ;- is the head of the Secretariat
3. UN Secretariat Head office located in New York, Other major office outside
the headquarters
4. Appointment of secretary General --- upon the recommendation of Security
council appointed by General Assembly
5. Secretary General is appointed for a period of five year and may serve upto
two terms
6. Current Secretary :- Antonio Guterres ( take oath on ist january 2017) and his
second term began on Ist Jan 2022
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