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Digital Coding4

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William Maurice C. Dulot
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4 views

Digital Coding4

Uploaded by

William Maurice C. Dulot
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mark P.

Melegrito, PECE
Objective

➢Identify the use and application of


different binary codes in digital
system.
Digital Coding
Digital Coding – A complete group of combinations of
numbers, letters or symbols is called a digital code.

1. Binary Codes- Electronic digital systems use signals


that have two distinct values and circuit elements that
have two stable states. There is a direct analogy
among binary signals, binary circuit elements, binary
digits. A binary number of n digits, for example may be
represented by n binary circuit elements, each having
an output signal equivalent to a 0 or a 1. Digital system
represent and manipulate not only binary numbers, but
also other discrete elements of information.
2. Decimal Codes
Decimal Digit BCD (8421) Excess- 3 8 4 -2 -1 2421
0 0000 0011 0000 0000
1 0001 0100 0111 0001
2 0010 0101 0110 0010
3 0011 0110 0101 0011
4 0100 0111 0100 0100
5 0101 1000 1011 1011
6 0110 1001 1010 1100
7 0111 1010 1001 1101
8 1000 1011 1000 1110
9 1001 1100 1111 1111

Binary Codes for the


Decimal Digits
Binary Coded Decimal (BCD)
Each decimal digit is represented by a group of four
bits. Weighting of the 4-bit position is 8 4 2 1, hence it is
also called 8421 code.

Example 1:
Given bit 0110 can be interpreted by the weights as:
(0 x 8) + (1 x 4) + (1 x 2) + (0 x 1)
4 + 2 = 6 (decimal)
Example 2:
Write the decimal number 369 in BCD
Example 3:
Find the equivalent decimal number for the BCD
0001010001110101
Excess of 3 (Excess -3)
Unweighted code, its code assignment is
obtained from the corresponding value of BCD after
the addition of 3.

Example 4:

Decimal BCD Excess -3


0 0000 0011
1 0001 0100
2 0010 0101
8, 4, - 2, - 1 Code
Assign negative weights to a decimal codes.

Example 5:
0110 can be interpreted as:
(0 x 8) + (1 x 4) +{ [1 x (- 2)] +[0 x (-1)]}
4–2=2
210 = 0110 (84-2-1)
Example 6:
0111 convert to 84 -2 -1 code
2 4 2 1 Code
Example 7:
Convert BCD 0001 to 2421 code

Example 8:
Convert BCD 0101 to 2421 code

Example 9:
Convert BCD 0111 to 2421 code
Error Detection Codes
➢ Codes used to detect errors during transmission.

➢ A parity bit is an extra bit included with a message to


make the total number of 1’s either odd or even.
(a) Message P (odd) (b) Message P (even)
0000 1 0000 0
0001 0 0001 1
0010 0 0010 1
0011 1 0011 0
0100 0 0100 1
0101 1 0101 0
0110 1 0110 0
0111 0 0111 1
1000 0 1000 1
1001 1 1001 0
1010 1 1010 0
1011 0 1011 1
1100 1 1100 0
1101 0 1101 1
1110 0 1110 1
1111 1 1111 0
Reflected Code
➢To obtain the reflected code, one can start
with any bit combination and proceed to
obtain the next bit combination by
changing only one bit from 0 to 1 or 1 to 0
in any desired random fashion, as long as
two numbers do not have identical code
assignments. The reflected code is also
known as the Gray Code.
Reflected Code Decimal Equivalent
0000 0
0001 1
0011 2
0010 3
0110 4
0111 5
0101 6
0100 7
1100 8
1101 9
1111 10
1110 11
1010 12
1011 13
1001 14
1000 15
Alphanumeric Codes
➢ Is a binary code of a group of elements consisting of
10 decimal digits, the 26 letters of the alphabet, and
a certain number of special symbols such as $. The
total number of elements in an alphanumeric code is
greater than 36.
➢ ASCII ( American Standard Code for Information
Interchange) – a 7 bits code
➢ EBCDIC (Extended Binary Coded Decimal
Interchange Code) – an 8 bits code
Binary Storage and Registers
Binary Cell- is a device that possesses two stable
states and is capable of storing one bit of information.
- 1 cell stores 1 bit
Registers- a group of binary cells.
Example 1: 16- cell register

1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1

Example 2: EBCDIC
2 Characters: 1 Character = 8 bits

1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1

8 bits = 1 byte; 4 bits = 1 nibble


Register Transfer
Memory Unit J O H N
Memory
010010111 01001111 11001000 11001110
Registers

Processor Unit
8 Cells 8 Cells 8 Cells 8 Cells

Processor Register

Input Teletype Unit 8 Cells


Keyboard J Control
O
Input
H Registers
N
Binary Information Processing
Memory Unit Sum
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Operand 1
0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1
Operand 2
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0

0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 R1

R3
Digital Logic circuit for
binary addition 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1

0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 R2 Processor Unit
Assignment #4

Binary Logic
Activity #4
1. Represent the decimal number 8620 (a) in BCD,
(b) in excess- 3 code, © in 2, 4, 2, 1 code and (d)
as a binary number.
2. Obtain the weighted code for the base- 12 digits
using weights of 5421.
3. The state of a 12-cell register is 010110010111.
What is its content if it represents (a) three decimal
digits in BCD, (b) three decimal digits in excess-3
code, (c) three decimal digits in 2, 4, 2, 1 code.

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