Relational Model in DBMS Relational model can represent as aftabid with columns and rows. cdo Atsilode, gy Rew Tule o Aude |-— Add) Example: STUDENT Relation [NAME ROLL.NO “Prose. No ADDRESS aarp =f 4479— 7305758992 Noida Shyam 12839 | 9026288936 Delhi Laxman 33289 8583287182 Gurugram Mahesh 27857 | 7086819134 Ghaziabad Cah | 17282 9028 913988 Delhi AGE 24 35 20 27 40 Domain: It contains a set of atommiesvaiwes that an attribute can take Atterisete: |t contains the name of a column in a particulartable. Each attribute Ai must have a domain, dom(Ai) infstanee: finite set of tuples. Relation instances do not have duplicate tuples. schema: A relational schema contains the name of the relation and name of all.columns or attributes. key: In the relational key, each row has one or more attributes. It can identify the row in the relation uniquely Types of Database Keys + Primary Key + Candidate Key + Super Key + Foreign Key Primary Key @ It is a unique key. It can identify only one tuple (a record) at a time. It has no duplicate values, it has unique values.It cannot be NULL. ae Primary keys are not necessarily to be a single column; more than one column can also be a primary key for a table. Candidate Key The minimal set of attributes that can uniquely identify a tuple is known as a candidate key. For Example, STUD_NO in STUDENT relation. + Itis a minimal super key. + It is a super key with no repeated data is called a candidate key. + The minimal set of attributes that can uniquely identify a record. + It must contain unique values. + It can contain NULL values. Cpe) Super Key F (4 CA ) (ex+ ery M1 Super key is an attribute set that can uniquely identify a tuple. A super key is a superset of a candidate key. Seger (ADS anc? § peo}+ Adding zero or more attributes to the candidate key generates the super key. ADE cf - Acandidate key is a super key but vice versa is not true. + Super Key values may also be NULL. Foreign Key + Foreign keys are the column of the ta éd to point to the primary key of another table. Si ce Sta - Every employee works in a specific department ina company, and employee and department are two different entities. So we can't glore the department's EMPLOYEE EMPLOYEE Cm Cua Perea naa) information in the employee table. That's why we link these two tables through the primary key of one table.Functional Dependency The functional dependency is a relationship that exists between two attributes. It typically exists between the primary key and non-key attribute within a table. = Xe Ko datenn Deed The left side of FD is known as a determinant, the right side of the production is known as a dependent. Emp_ld ~ Emp_Name ABC DE F Ges ) LAB ABCD E CK o€ ae A a Pans Atv Prem Sivoo3), RkO ere ¢ a S whieh g the FD salisgd by ™ lastants xy oe a) (XY ZS 9 ere 27" xv 4) raf ie ee Y¥ 2 a —_ (0) X2—2x eoc_\ssute cacao pt= BC cre ee” 1h, at = ABCD & KO = ABCD