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6 views11 pages

CH 00

Uploaded by

amirreza13831
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Digital Design

Sheis Abolmaali

School of ECE
Semnan University
1
Main Slides
• Erkay Savaş
• Sabancı University

2
Motivation
• Analysis & design of digital electronic circuits
• Why digital circuits?
– They are everywhere and generic
– digital computers, smart phones, data communication,
digital recording, digital TV, many others
• Fundamental concepts in the design of digital
systems
• Basic tools for the design of digital circuits
• Logic gates (AND, OR, NOT)
– Boolean algebra
3
What is a Digital System?
• One characteristic:
– Ability of manipulating discrete elements of
information
• A set that has a finite number of elements
contains discrete information
• Examples for discrete sets
– Decimal digits {0, 1, …, 9}
– Alphabet {A, B, …, Y, Z}
– Binary digits {0, 1}
• One important problem
– how to represent the elements of discrete sets in
physical systems? 4
How to Represent?
• In electronics circuits, we have electrical signals
– voltage
– current
• Different strengths of a physical signal can be
used to represent elements of the discrete set.
• Which discrete set?
• Binary set is the easiest
– two elements {0, 1}
– Just two signal levels: 0 V and 4 V
• This is why we use binary system to represent
the information in digital systems.
5
Binary System
• Binary set {0, 1}
– Th elements of binary set, 0 and 1 are called “binary
digits”
– or shortly “bits”.
• How to represent the elements of other discrete
sets
– Decimal digits {0, 1, …, 9}
– Alphabet {A, B, …, Y, Z}
• Elements of any discrete sets can be represented
using groups of bits.
– 9?
– A?
6
How Many Bits?
• What is the formulae for number of bits to
represent a discrete set of n elements
• {0, 1, 2, 3}
– 00  0, 01  1, 10  2, ands 11  3.
• {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
– 000  0, 001  1, 010  2, ands 011  3
– 100  4, 101  5, 110  6, ands 111  7.
• The formulae, then,
– ?
– If n = 9, then ? bits are needed

7
Nature of Information
• Is information of discrete nature?
• Sometimes, but usually not.
– Anything related to money (e.g. financial computations,
accounting etc) involves discrete information
• In nature, information comes in a continuous form
– temperature, humidity level, air pressure, etc.
• Continuous data must be converted (i.e.
quantized) into discrete data
– lost of some of the information
– We need ADC (DAC)
8
General-Purpose Computers
• Best known example for digital systems
• Components
– CPU, I/O units, Memory unit

CPU Outside
Memory I/O
Inter world
Registers
connect

ALU
Control

FPU
Multiplier/
CPU Divider
General-purpose computer
9
Textbook
• M. Morris Mano, “Digital Design”

10
Contact Information
• Sheis Abolmaali
• e-mail:
– [email protected]
– [email protected]
– [email protected]

11

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