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Cursor

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Sangram Harpale
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19 views

Cursor

Uploaded by

Sangram Harpale
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CREATE TABLE STUDENT (

STUDENT_ID NUMBER PRIMARY KEY,

FIRST_NAME VARCHAR2(50),

LAST_NAME VARCHAR2(50),

AGE NUMBER,

GRADE CHAR(2)

);

INSERT INTO STUDENT (STUDENT_ID, FIRST_NAME, LAST_NAME, AGE, GRADE) VALUES (1, 'John', 'Doe',
20, 'A');

INSERT INTO STUDENT (STUDENT_ID, FIRST_NAME, LAST_NAME, AGE, GRADE) VALUES (2, 'Jane',
'Smith', 21, 'B');

INSERT INTO STUDENT (STUDENT_ID, FIRST_NAME, LAST_NAME, AGE, GRADE) VALUES (3, 'Jim', 'Brown',
19, 'C');

COMMIT; -- Make sure to commit the transaction

IMPLICIT CURSOR

DECLARE

v_first_name STUDENT.FIRST_NAME%TYPE;

v_last_name STUDENT.LAST_NAME%TYPE;

v_age STUDENT.AGE%TYPE;

v_grade STUDENT.GRADE%TYPE;

BEGIN

-- Implicit cursor for selecting all students

FOR student_record IN (SELECT FIRST_NAME, LAST_NAME, AGE, GRADE FROM STUDENT) LOOP

v_first_name := student_record.FIRST_NAME;

v_last_name := student_record.LAST_NAME;

v_age := student_record.AGE;

v_grade := student_record.GRADE;

-- Display the student information


DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Name: ' || v_first_name || ' ' || v_last_name ||

', Age: ' || v_age || ', Grade: ' || v_grade);

END LOOP;

END;

EXAMPLE 2

Begin

for e_record in ( select * from student)

loop

dbms_output.put_line('Name: '|| e_record.FIRST_NAME

|| ' '|| e_record.LAST_NAME ||', Age: ' || e_record.AGE

||', Roll no: ' ||e_record.STUDENT_ID);

End loop;

End;

You define a cursor, open it, fetch rows from it, and then close it when done.

select * from STUDENT;

Steps to Use an Explicit Cursor

Declare the Cursor: Define the SQL query to be executed.

Open the Cursor: Allocate memory and execute the SQL statement.

Fetch from the Cursor: Retrieve rows one by one.

Close the Cursor: Release the memory allocated for the cursor.

DECLARE

CURSOR student_cursor IS

SELECT FIRST_NAME, LAST_NAME, AGE, STUDENT_ID FROM STUDENT;


v_first_name STUDENT.FIRST_NAME%TYPE;

v_last_name STUDENT.LAST_NAME%TYPE;

v_age STUDENT.AGE%TYPE;

v_student_id STUDENT.STUDENT_ID%TYPE;

BEGIN

-- Open the cursor

OPEN student_cursor;

-- Fetch each row from the cursor

LOOP

FETCH student_cursor INTO v_first_name, v_last_name, v_age, v_student_id;

EXIT WHEN student_cursor%NOTFOUND; -- Exit loop if no more rows

-- Print student details

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Name: ' || v_first_name || ' ' || v_last_name ||

', Age: ' || v_age ||

', Rollno: ' || v_student_id);

END LOOP;

-- Close the cursor

CLOSE student_cursor;

END;

Implicit Cursor

Automatic: Oracle automatically creates this when you run a SQL query.

Less Control: You can’t control it as much; it’s just a quick way to fetch data.
Usage: Ideal for simple queries where you don’t need to manage the cursor lifecycle.

Example: You directly run a loop over a SQL query and print results. No need to declare or manage the
cursor.

Explicit Cursor

Manual: You define it yourself in your code.

More Control: You can open, fetch, and close it. This gives you more flexibility, especially for complex
queries.

Usage: Useful when you need to process rows one at a time or perform additional logic between
fetches.

Example: You declare the cursor, open it, fetch data in a loop, and then close it when done.

Key Points

Output: Both types can produce the same output, but explicit cursors let you manage the fetching
process more precisely.

When to Use:

Use implicit cursors for simple queries.

Use explicit cursors for more control and complex logic

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