Tr Ni Ni MEASUREMENT

2. (a) Copy and complete the table below to identify the physical quantities as scalars or vectors.

Scalar
Vector
Scalar
Vector
Vector [5]

(b) Fig. shows the path of a football as it is kicked along the ground between three players. The distances
between the players are shown on Fig.

The ball takes 1.2 s to travel from player A to player B.

(i) Calculate the average speed of the ball between A and B.

average speed = 15 m/s

..................................................... [3]
(ii) Player B kicks the ball to player C. It travels with the same average speed. Calculate the time taken for
the ball to travel from B to C.

1.4 s
time = ........................................................... [2]
(iii) Suggest why the speed of the ball might change during its motion from A to B.
The speed of the ball might change during its motion from A to B because of the friction, air resistance and kick force
...........................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iv) Discuss whether the average velocities, from A to B and from B to C, are the same.
Velocity includes both speed and direction. Even though the average speed of the ball might be the same between A to B and B to C,
...........................................................................................................................................
the average velocity will likely be different. Because of the direction changed between A to B and B to C.The change in velocity
...........................................................................................................................................
means that the velocity from A to B will not be the same as B to C.
....................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 12]
3. (a) State Hooke’s law.
Force = the spring constant x extension or compression of a spring
..........................................................................................................................................
F = kx
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) Fig.1 shows a graph of the stretching force F acting on a spring against the extension x of the spring.
 Fig. 1
(i) State the features of the graph that show that the spring obeys Hooke’s law.
straight line through the origin
..................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................. [1]
(ii) Calculate k, the force per unit extension of the spring.
k= 3333.33N/m
................................................... [3]

[Total: 6]
4. Fig. shows a distance-time graph for a moving object.

(a) Describe the speed of the object between points

the object is slowing down
(i) A and B, ...........................................................................................................................................
the object is moving at a constant speed
(ii) B and C. ........................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) State whether the acceleration of the object is zero, negative or positive, as shown on the graph
between points
(i) A and B,
negative acceleration
...........................................................................................................................................
zero
(ii) B and C. ........................................................................................................................................... [2]

(c) Calculate the average speed of the object during the 40 seconds.

1.25m/s
speed = ........................................................ [2]
[Total: 6]

5. Fig. shows an oil tank that has a rectangular base of dimensions 2.4 m by 1.5 m.

The tank is filled with oil of density 850 kg / m3 to a depth of 1.5 m.

(a) Calculate
(i) the pressure exerted by the oil on the base of the tank,
12507.75 Pa
pressure = ................................................................. [3]
(ii) the force exerted by the oil on the base of the tank.

45027.9 N
force = ................................................................. [2]
(b) The force calculated in (a)(ii) is the weight of the oil.
Calculate the mass of oil in the tank.

4590 kg
mass = ................................................................. [2]
(c) When he is checking the level of oil in the tank, a man drops a brass key into the oil and it sinks to the
bottom of the oil.
(i) State what this shows about the density of brass.
density of brass > density of oil
................................................................................................................................ [2]
(ii) Explain how attaching the key to a piece of wood could prevent the key from sinking.
A piece of wood has lower density than oil density. Therefore it will float and provide a buoyant force.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................ [1]
 [Total: 10]
6. (a) A water tank has a rectangular base of dimensions 1.5 m by 1.2 m and contains 1440 kg of water.
Calculate
(i) the weight of the water,

14112 N
weight = ............................................... [2]

(ii) the pressure exerted by the water on the base of the tank.

7840 N/m^2
pressure = ............................................... [2]

(b) Fig. 1 shows two water tanks P and Q of different shape. Both tanks are circular when viewed from
above. The tanks each contain the same volume of water. The depth of water in both tanks is 1.4 m.

Fig. 1
(i) The density of water is 1000 kg / m3. The pressures exerted by the water on the base of the two tanks
are equal. Calculate this pressure.

13720 N/m^2
pressure = ............................................... [2]

(ii) Equal small volumes of water are removed from each tank. State which tank, P or Q, now has the
greater water pressure on its base. Explain your answer.
Tank P.
...........................................................................................................................................
After removing equal volumes of water, the depth of water in tank Q will decrease more than the depth of water in tank P.
...........................................................................................................................................
Since pressure is directly proportional to depth, the pressure at the base of tank Q will be less than that of tank P.
...................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 8]
7. You are rowing across the Lembeh Strait at 1.5 m/s.
(a) Calculate your velocity if you row against a current of 0.2 m/s? [2]
Velocity if you row against a current = 1.5 - 0.3
=1 .3 m/s
(b) Use a vector triangle or calculate your resultant velocity if you travel at 4 m/s in a speedboat due south
and a current pushes you towards the east at 3 m/s. Give both your speed and direction. [5]
resultant velocity = 5 m/s [Total: 7]
direction = 36.87° , east of south

8. An object with a mass of 35 kg accelerates at 0.7 m/s2 to the right, as shown in the diagram.
There are four forces acting on the object.
(a) What are the values of the forces labelled X and Y? [3]

X = 320 N

Y = 94.5 N

(b) This diagram shows the forces during a tug of war competition. Team A has a total mass of 800 kg and
pulls with a force of 1000 N to the left.
Team B has a total mass of 700 kg and pulls with a force of 700 N to the right. A strong rope joins
them. 0.2 m/s^2 to the left [3]

[Total:6]
9. Scientists test the safety features of a car by crashing it into a large block of concrete. A crash test
dummy sits in the driver’s seat. A video camera records the crash. In one test, the car is travelling at 13
m/s and the dummy has a mass of 83 kg.
(a) State the equation that links momentum, mass and velocity. [1]
(b) Calculate the momentum of the dummy. [2]
(c) In another test, the momentum of the dummy changes by 1250 kg m/s in a time of 0.17 s. Calculate the
average force acting on the dummy during this time. [2]
[Total:5]
a. Momentum = mass x velocity
p = mv

b. p = mv
p = 83 x 13
= 1079 kg m/s

c. F = Δp/t
= 1250/0.17
= 7352.94 N