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Module 3b

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15 views

Module 3b

Uploaded by

descarl38
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MODULE 3b

Further Properties of Inverse Laplace Transforms. Below are some properties that may be
helpful in evaluating the inverse Laplace transform.

Property 1: Let 𝐿{𝐹(𝑡)} = 𝑓(𝑠) and 𝑓(𝑠) has a term 𝑠 in the numerator.

Suppress 𝑠 in the numerator and get the inverse Laplace of the remaining term. After that,
differentiate the result with respect to 𝑡.

Property 2: Let 𝐿{𝐹(𝑡)} = 𝑓(𝑠) and 𝑓(𝑠) has a term 𝑠 in the denominator.

Suppress 𝑠 in the denominator and get the inverse Laplace of the remaining term. After that,
integrate the remaining term from 0 to 𝑡.

Example 5.4. Evaluate the inverse Laplace transform of the following.

𝑠
1. 𝐿−1 {(𝑠+1)2}

We can solve this using partial fraction (Case 2).


𝑠 𝐴 𝐵
(𝑠+1)2
= 𝑠+1 + (𝑠+1)2 (Get the LCD)
𝐴(𝑠+1)+𝐵
= (𝑠+1)2

(Solving A and B by equating like powers of the variable)

𝑠 𝐴(𝑠+1)+𝐵
(𝑠+1)2
= (𝑠+1)2
(Get the numerator)

𝑠 = 𝐴𝑠 + 𝐴 + 𝐵

For the variable 𝑠: 1=𝐴

For the constant term: 0=𝐴+𝐵


0=1+𝐵
𝐵 = −1

𝑠 𝐴 𝐵
(𝑠+1)2
= 𝑠+1 + (𝑠+1)2
1 −1
= 𝑠+1 + (𝑠+1)2
𝑠 1 −1
𝐿−1 {(𝑠+1)2} = 𝐿−1 {𝑠+1 + (𝑠+1)2}
1 1
= 𝐿−1 {𝑠+1} − 𝐿−1 {(𝑠+1)2}

1
𝐿−1 { } = 𝑒 −𝑡
𝑠+1
1 1
𝐿−1 {(𝑠+1)2 } = 𝐿−1 {𝑠2 } where 𝑎 = −1 , 𝑛 = 2
𝑠→𝑠−(−1)
𝑡 2−1
= 𝑒 −𝑡 ((2−1)! )
𝑡
= 𝑒 −𝑡 (1! )
= 𝑡𝑒 −𝑡

𝑠 1 1
𝐿−1 { } = 𝐿−1
{ } − 𝐿−1
{ }
(𝑠 + 1)2 𝑠+1 (𝑠 + 1)2
= 𝑒−𝑡 − 𝑡𝑒−𝑡

𝑠
Another Solution. Using Property 1 since 𝑓(𝑠) = (𝑠+1)2 has the term 𝑠 in
the numerator.

1
First, evaluate 𝐿−1 {(𝑠+1)2}. (Suppress 𝑠)

1 1
𝐿−1 {(𝑠+1)2} = 𝐿−1 {𝑠2 } where 𝑎 = −1 , 𝑛 = 2
𝑠→𝑠−(−1)
𝑡 2−1
= 𝑒 −𝑡 ((2−1)! )
𝑡
= 𝑒 −𝑡 (1! )
= 𝑡𝑒 −𝑡

Then, differentiate the result.


𝑑
(𝑡𝑒−𝑡 ) = 𝑡[𝑒 −𝑡 ∙ (−1)] + 𝑒 −𝑡 (1) (Product rule)
𝑑𝑡
= 𝑡(−𝑒 −𝑡 ) + 𝑒 −𝑡
= −𝑡𝑒 −𝑡 + 𝑒 −𝑡
= 𝑒 −𝑡 − 𝑡𝑒 −𝑡
1
2. 𝐿−1 {𝑠(𝑠2 +1)}

We can solve this using partial fraction (Case 1 and 3).


1 𝐴 𝐵𝑠+𝐶
= 𝑠 + 𝑠2 +1 (Get the LCD)
𝑠(𝑠2 +1)
𝐴(𝑠2 +1)+(𝐵𝑠+𝐶)𝑠
= (𝑠+1)2

(Solving A, B and C by equating like powers of the variable)

1 𝐴(𝑠2 +1)+(𝐵𝑠+𝐶)𝑠
= (Get the numerator)
𝑠(𝑠2 +1) (𝑠+1)2
1 = 𝐴(𝑠2 + 1) + (𝐵𝑠 + 𝐶)𝑠
1 = 𝐴𝑠2 + 𝐴 + 𝐵𝑠2 + 𝐶𝑠

For the constant term: 1=𝐴

For the variable 𝑠: 0=𝐶

For the variable 𝑠 2 : 0=𝐴+𝐵


0=1+𝐵
𝐵 = −1

1 𝐴 𝐵𝑠+𝐶
=𝑠+
𝑠(𝑠2 +1) 𝑠2 +1
1 −𝑠
= 𝑠 + 𝑠2 +1

1 1 −𝑠
𝐿−1 {𝑠(𝑠2+1)} = 𝐿−1 {𝑠 + 𝑠2 +1}
1 𝑠
= 𝐿−1 {𝑠 } − 𝐿−1 {𝑠2 +1}
= 1 − cos 𝑡

1
Another Solution. Using Property 2 since 𝑓(𝑠) = 𝑠(𝑠2 +1) has the term 𝑠 in
the denominator.
1
First, evaluate 𝐿−1 {𝑠2 +1}. (Suppress 𝑠)

1
𝐿−1 {𝑠2 +1} = sin 𝑡

Then, integrate the result from 0 to 𝑡.


𝑡
∫0 sin 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = − cos 𝑡 |𝑡0
= − cos 𝑡 − (− cos 0)
= − cos 𝑡 − (−1)
= − cos 𝑡 + 1
= 1 − cos 𝑡

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