7.1 Systems of Linear Equations: Two Variables: Learning Objectives

7.
1 Systems of Linear Equations: Two Variables

Learning Objectives
In this section, you will:
Solve systems of equations by graphing.
Solve systems of equations by substitution.
Solve systems of equations by addition.
Identify inconsistent systems of equations containing two variables.
Express the solution of a system of dependent equations containing two variables.
COREQUISITE SKILLS
Learning Objectives
Determine whether an ordered pair is a solution of a system of equations (IA 4.1.1)
Solve a system of linear equations by graphing (IA 4.1.2)
Determine whether an ordered pair is a solution of a system of equations (IA 4.1.1)

A system of linear equations is a group of two or more linear equations. For example,
is a system of linear equations
A solution to a system of linear equations is an ordered pair x,y that is a solution to every equation in the system.
EXAMPLE 1
Determine whether the ordered pairs are solutions to the given system.
at and
Solution
We substitute (3, 1) into both equations:
True True
is a solution to is a solution to
Conclusion: since is a solution to both equations, then it is a solution to the system
Next we substitute (-3, -1) into both equations:
True False
is a solution to is not a solution to
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Conclusion: Since is not a solution to one of the equations, then it is not a solution to the system
Practice Makes Perfect

Determine whether the ordered pairs are solutions to the given system.
at and
1. At (0, 0):
________________________ ________________________
________________________ ________________________
________________________ ________________________
________________________ ________________________
Conclusion: ________________________
2. At (1, –3)
________________________ ________________________
________________________ ________________________
________________________ ________________________
________________________ ________________________
Conclusion: ________________________
Solve a system of linear equations by graphing (IA 4.1.2)

...
HOW TO
Solve a system of linear equations by graphing
Step 1. Graph the first equation.

Step 2. Graph the second equation on the same rectangular coordinate system.
Step 3. Determine whether the lines intersect, are parallel, or are the same line.
Step 4. Identify the solution to the system.
Step 5. Check the solution in both equations.
If the lines intersect, identify the point of intersection. This is the solution to the
system.
If the lines are parallel, the system has no solutions.
If the lines are the same, the system has an infinite number of solutions.
EXAMPLE 2
Solve the system by graphing.
Solve the system by graphing.

Solution
Graph
We can use the slope intercept – form:
Slope = 1
y-intercept: (0, 1)
Step 1
Graph
We can use the slope intercept – form:
Slope = –2
y-intercept: (0, 10)
Step 2
Step 3 The lines intersect
Step 4 The solution is the point (3, 4)
Let’s check the solution:
Step 5
Since (3, 4) is a solution to both equations, then it is a solution to the system
TRY IT #1 Solve a system of linear equations by graphing

Graph
Step 1 Slope = ________
y-intercept = ________
Graph
Slope = ________
y-intercept = ________
Step 2
Do the lines intersect?

Step 3
________
Read from the graph the point of intersection.

Step 4
________
Check the solution in both equations.

Step 5
________
3. Determine whether the ordered pair is a solution to the given system
4. Solve the following system by graphing.

7.3 Systems of Nonlinear Equations and Inequalities: Two Variables
Learning Objectives
In this section, you will:
Solve a system of nonlinear equations using substitution.
Solve a system of nonlinear equations using elimination.
Graph a nonlinear inequality.
Graph a system of nonlinear inequalities.
COREQUISITE SKILLS
Learning Objectives
Graph a parabola (IA 11.2.1)
Graph a circle (IA 11.1.4)
Objective 1: Graph a parabola (IA 11.2.1)

A parabola is all points in a plane that are the same distance from a fixed point and a fixed line. The fixed point is called
the focus, and the fixed line is called the directrix of the parabola.
Properties of parabolas
Vertical Parabolas
General form Standard form
Orientation up; down up; down
Axis of symmetry
Vertex Substitute and

solve for y.
y-intercept Let Let
x-intercepts Let Let
Graphs of parabolas
...
HOW TO
Graphing parabolas using properties.
Step 1. Determine whether the parabola opens upward or downward.

Step 2. Find the axis of symmetry.
Step 3. Find the vertex.
Step 4. Find the y-intercept. Find the point symmetric to the y-intercept across the axis of symmetry.
Step 5. Find the x-intercepts.

Step 6. Graph the parabola.

EXAMPLE 1
Graph the parabola
Solution
Standard
form
Step 1 Since the parabola opens downward
The axis of symmetry is given by ,

Step 2
The axis of symmetry is
The vertex is on the line

Let's substitute into
Step 3
The vertex is the point (2, 1)

To find y-intercept, substitute into
Step 4
The y-intercept is the point (0, -3) and is it 2 units to the left of the
vertex. The symmetric point is 2 units to the right of the vertex and is
(4, -3)
To find the x-intercepts, substitute into and

solve for
Step 5
The x-intercepts are (3, 0) and (1, 0)
Graph the parabola

Axis of symmetry
Step 6 Vertex: (2,1)
y-intercept: (0, -3), symmetric point: (4, -3)
x-intercepts: (3, 0) and (1, 0)

1. Graph the parabola

Objective 2: Graph a circle (IA 11.1.4)
Any equation of the form is the standard form of the equation of a circle with center, (h,k) and
radius. We can then graph the circle on a rectangular coordinate system using the center and radius.
EXAMPLE 2
Graph a circle
ⓐ Find the center and radius and then graph the circle
ⓑ Find the center and radius and then graph the circle
Solution
ⓐ
Use the standard form of the equation of a circle. Identify the center, (h,k)
and radius, r.
Center: (-3, -4)
Radius: 2
Graph the circle

ⓑ
We need to rewrite this general form into standard form in order to find the center and radius.
Step 1
Group the x-terms and y-terms.
Collect the constants on the right side.
Step 2
Complete the squares
Step 3
Rewrite as binomial squares.
Step 4 Center: (3,4)

Identify the center and radius. Radius: 4
Step 5
Graph the circle.

Graph a circle.
2. Find the center and radius and then graph the circle
Use the standard form of the equation of a circle. Identify the center, (h, ________________________________________
k) and radius, r.
Graph the circle
3. Find the center and radius and then graph the circle

Step 1 ________________________________________
Group the x-terms and y-terms.
Collect the constants on the right side.
Step 2 ________________________________________
Complete the squares
Step 3 ________________________________________
Rewrite as binomial squares.
Step 4 Center: ________

Identify the center and radius. Radius: ________
Step 5
Graph the circle.

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7.

1 Systems of Linear Equations: Two Variables

Determine whether an ordered pair is a solution of a system of equations (IA 4.1.1)

is a system of linear equations

Conclusion: since is a solution to both equations, then it is a solution to the system

Next we substitute (-3, -1) into both equations:

is a solution to is not a solution to

Access for free at openstax.org.

Practice Makes Perfect

Solve a system of linear equations by graphing (IA 4.1.2)

Solve a system of linear equations by graphing

Step 1. Graph the first equation.

If the lines are parallel, the system has no solutions.

Solve the system by graphing.

Solve the system by graphing.

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Step 3 The lines intersect

Step 4 The solution is the point (3, 4)

Let’s check the solution:

TRY IT #1 Solve a system of linear equations by graphing

Do the lines intersect?

Read from the graph the point of intersection.

Check the solution in both equations.

Practice Makes Perfect

3. Determine whether the ordered pair is a solution to the given system

4. Solve the following system by graphing.

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Objective 1: Graph a parabola (IA 11.2.1)

General form Standard form

Orientation up; down up; down

Vertex Substitute and

y-intercept Let Let

x-intercepts Let Let

Graphing parabolas using properties.

Step 1. Determine whether the parabola opens upward or downward.

Step 5. Find the x-intercepts.

Access for free at openstax.org.

Graph the parabola

Step 1 Since the parabola opens downward

The axis of symmetry is given by ,

The vertex is on the line

The vertex is the point (2, 1)

To find the x-intercepts, substitute into and

The x-intercepts are (3, 0) and (1, 0)

Graph the parabola

Practice Makes Perfect

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Graph the circle

Step 4 Center: (3,4)

Practice Makes Perfect

Graph the circle

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Step 4 Center: ________

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