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Test Analysis & Design-Test Techniques Overview

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13 views6 pages

Test Analysis & Design-Test Techniques Overview

Uploaded by

Zainab Tariq
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Black Box Test Techniques

(also known as specification-based techniques) are based on an analysis of the specified


behavior of the test object without reference to its internal structure. Therefore, the test
cases are independent of how the software is implemented.
Commonly used black-box test techniques discussed in the following sections are:

• Equivalence Partitioning

• Boundary Value Analysis

• Decision Table Testing


• State Transition Testing

Equivalence Partitioning & Boundary Value Techniques

• In Equivalence Partitioning, first, you divide a set of test condition into a


partition that can be considered.
• In Boundary Value Analysis you then test boundaries between equivalence
partitions

Why Equivalence & Boundary Analysis Testing?


1. This testing is used to reduce a very large number of test cases to
manageable chunks.
2. Very clear guidelines on determining test cases without
compromising on the effectiveness of testing.
3. Appropriate for calculation-intensive applications with a large number
of variables/inputs

What is Boundary Testing?


Boundary testing is the process of testing between extreme ends or
boundaries between partitions of the input values.

• So these extreme ends like Start- End, Lower- Upper, Maximum-


Minimum, Just Inside-Just Outside values are called boundary values
and the testing is called “boundary testing”.
• The basic idea in normal boundary value testing is to select input
variable values at their:

1. Minimum
2. Just above the minimum
3. A nominal value
4. Just below the maximum
5. Maximum

• In Boundary Testing, Equivalence Class Partitioning plays a good


role.
• Boundary Testing comes after the Equivalence Class Partitioning

Decision Table Testing


A Decision Table is a tabular representation of inputs versus
rules/cases/test conditions. It is a very effective tool used for both
complex software testing and requirements management. A decision
table helps to check all possible combinations of conditions for testing
and testers can also identify missed conditions easily. The conditions
are indicated as True(T) and False(F) values.

Example: How to make Decision Base Table for Login Screen


Let’s create a decision table for a login screen.
The condition is simple if the user provides the correct username and
password the user will be redirected to the homepage. If any of the input is
wrong, an error message will be displayed.

Conditions Rule 1 Rule 2 Rule 3 Rule 4


Username (T/F) F T F T
Password (T/F) F F T T
Output (E/H) E E E H
Legend:

• T – Correct username/password
• F – Wrong username/password
• E – Error message is displayed
• H – Home screen is displayed

Interpretation:

• Case 1 – Username and password both were wrong. The user is


shown an error message.
• Case 2 – Username was correct, but the password was wrong. The
user is shown an error message.
• Case 3 – Username was wrong, but the password was correct. The
user is shown an error message.
• Case 4 – Username and password both were correct, and the user
navigated to the homepage.

While converting this to a test case, we can create 2 scenarios,


• Enter the correct username and correct password and click on login,
and the expected result will be the user should be navigated to the
homepage.

And one from the below scenario

• Enter the wrong username and wrong password and click on login,
and the expected result will be the user should get an error message.
• Enter correct username and wrong password and click on login, and
the expected result will be the user should get an error message.
• Enter wrong username and correct password and click on login, and
the expected result will be the user should get an error message.

As they essentially test the same rule.

State Transition Testing


State transition testing helps to analyze the behavior of an application for different input
conditions. Testers can provide positive and negative input test values and record the system
behavior.

When to Use State Transition?

• This can be used when a tester is testing the application for a finite
set of input values.
• When the tester is trying to test the sequence of events that occur in
the application under test. I.e., this will allow the tester to test the
application behavior for a sequence of input values.
• When the system under test has a dependency on the events/values
in the past.

Example:
• Let’s consider an ATM system function where if the user enters the
invalid password three times the account will be locked.
• In this system, if the user enters a valid password in any of the first
three attempts the user will be logged in successfully. If the user
enters the invalid password in the first or second try, the user will be
asked to re-enter the password. And finally, if the user enters an
incorrect password 3rd time, the account will be blocked.

State transition diagram

In the diagram whenever the user enters the correct PIN, he is moved to
Access granted state, and if he enters the wrong password he is moved to
next try and if he does the same for the 3rd time the account blocked state
is reached.

State Transition Table


Correct PIN Incorrect PIN
S1) Start S5 S2
S2) 1st attempt S5 S3
S3) 2nd attempt S5 S4
S4) 3rd attempt S5 S6
S5) Access Granted – –
S6) Account blocked – –
In the table when the user enters the correct PIN, the state is transitioned
to S5 which is Access granted. And if the user enters a wrong password he
is moved to the next state. If he does the same 3 rd time, he will reach the
account blocked state.

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