Republic of the Philippines

NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY

Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.:-EN MATH 3 -1st-2021-2022

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Bayombong Campus

DEGREE PROGRAM BSCE COURSE NO. EN MATH 3

SPECIALIZATION COURSE TITLE DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION
YEAR LEVEL BSCE 2 TIME FRAME 3 HR WK NO. 4 IM NO. 4

I. UNIT TITLE/CHAPTER TITLE

Chapter 3. Application of First – Order Differential Equations

II. LESSON TITLE

1. Decomposition Growth
2. Newton’s Law of Cooling / Temperature
3. Mixing (non-reacting fluids) - Dilution
4. Electric Circuits

III. LESSON OVERVIEW

1. Application
2. Lesson Plan

IV. DESIRED LEARNING OUTCOMES

1. Introduce, solve and discuss how to apply the First – Order Differential Equations in
Decomposition Growth
2. Introduce, solve and discuss how to apply the First – Order Differential Equations in Newton’s
Law of Cooling - Temperature
3. Introduce, solve and discuss how to apply the First – Order Differential Equations in Mixing (non-
reacting fluids) - Dilution
4. Introduce, solve and discuss how to apply the First – Order Differential Equations in Electric
Circuits

V. LESSON CONTENT
3.1 DECOMPOSITION GROWTH
Let 𝑁(𝑡) denote the amount of substance (or population) that is either growing or decaying. If we
assume that 𝑑𝑁/𝑑𝑡, the time rate of change of this amount of substance, is proportional to the amount
of substance present, then 𝑑𝑁/𝑑𝑡 = 𝑘𝑁, or

𝒅𝑵
Equation 1 − 𝑵=𝟎
𝒅𝒕

where k is the constant of proportionality.

We are assuming that N(t) is a differentiable, hence continuous, function of time. For population
problems, where N(t) is actually discrete and integer-valued, this assumption is incorrect.

Sample Problem #1
A person places $20,000 in a savings account which pays 5 percent interest per annum, compounded
continuously. Find (a) the amount in the account after three years, and (b) the time required for the
account to double in value, presuming no withdrawals and no additional deposits.
Let N(t) denote the balance in the account at any time t. Initially, N(0) = 20,000. The balance in the
account grows by the accumulated interest payments, which are proportional to the amount of money
in the account. The constant of proportionality is the interest rate. In this case, k = 0.05 and Eq. 1
becomes:
𝒅𝑵
− 𝟎. 𝟎𝟓𝑵 = 𝟎
𝒅𝒕
This differential equation is both linear and separable. Its solution is
𝑵(𝒕) = 𝒄𝒆𝟎.𝟎𝟓𝒕 (Eq. 2)
At 𝑡 = 0, 𝑁(0) = 20,000, which when substituted into (2) yields

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Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.:-EN MATH 3 -1st-2021-2022

20000 = 𝑐𝑒 0.05(0)
20000 = 𝑐(1)
𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 = 𝒄
With this value of c, Eq. 2 becomes
𝑵(𝒕) = 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒆𝟎.𝟎𝟓𝒕
Equation (2) gives the dollar balance in the account at any time t.
(a) Substituting t = 3 into (2), we find the balance after three years to be
𝑁(3) = 20,000𝑒 0.05(3) = 20,000(1.161834) = $𝟐𝟑, 𝟐𝟑𝟔. 𝟔𝟖
(b) We seek the time t at which 𝑁(𝑡) = $40,000. Substituting these values into (2) and solving for
t, we obtain
40,000 = 20,000𝑒 0.05𝑡
2 = 𝑒 0.05𝑡
𝑙𝑛 |2| = 0.05𝑡
𝑙𝑛|2|
𝑡= = 13.8629 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠
0.05
Sample Problem #2
A person places $5000 in an account that accrues interest compounded continuously. Assuming no
additional deposits or withdrawals, how much will be in the account after seven years if the interest rate
is a constant 8.5 percent for the first four years and a constant 9.25 percent for the last three years?
Let 𝑁(𝑡) denote the balance in the account at any time t. Initially, 𝑁(0) = 5000. For the first four years,
𝑘 = 0.085 and Eq. 1 becomes:
𝒅𝑵
− 𝟎. 𝟎𝟖𝟓𝑵 = 𝟎
𝒅𝒕
Solution:
a. Step 1. Let: 𝑵(𝒕) = 𝒄𝒆𝟎.𝟎𝟖𝟓𝒕 (𝟎 ≤ 𝒕 ≤ 𝟒)
𝑡 = 0, 𝑁(0) = 5000

5000 = 𝑐𝑒 0.085(0)
5000 = 𝑐(1)
𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎 = 𝒄

𝑵(𝒕) = 𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒆𝟎.𝟎𝟖𝟓𝒕 (𝟎 ≤ 𝒕 ≤ 𝟒)

Step 2.Substitute 𝑡 = 4 into 𝑵(𝒕) = 𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒆𝟎.𝟎𝟖𝟓𝒕

𝑁(4) = 5000𝑒 0.085(4)

𝑵(𝟒) = $𝟕𝟎𝟐𝟒. 𝟕𝟑𝟕𝟗

b. Step 1. Let:
𝒅𝑵
− 𝟎. 𝟎𝟗𝟐𝟓𝑵 = 𝟎
𝒅𝒕

𝑵(𝒕) = 𝒄𝒆𝟎.𝟎𝟗𝟐𝟓𝒕 (𝟒 ≤ 𝒕 ≤ 𝟕)
𝑡 = 4, 𝑁(4) = $7024.7379

7024.7379 = 𝒄𝒆𝟎.𝟎𝟗𝟐𝟓(𝟒)
𝒄 = 𝟒𝟖𝟓𝟐. 𝟐𝟐𝟕𝟕

𝑵(𝒕) = 𝟒𝟖𝟓𝟐. 𝟐𝟐𝟕𝟕𝒆𝟎.𝟎𝟗𝟐𝟓𝒕 (𝟒 ≤ 𝒕 ≤ 𝟕)

Step 2. Substitute 𝑡 = 7 into 𝑵(𝒕) = 𝟒𝟖𝟓𝟐. 𝟐𝟐𝟕𝟕𝒆𝟎.𝟎𝟗𝟐𝟓𝒕

𝑵(𝟕) = 𝟒𝟖𝟓𝟐. 𝟐𝟐𝟕𝟕𝒆𝟎.𝟎𝟗𝟐𝟓(𝟕)

𝑵(𝟕) = $𝟗𝟐𝟕𝟏. 𝟒𝟑𝟐𝟔

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Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.:-EN MATH 3 -1st-2021-2022

3.2 NEWTON’S LAW OF COOLING – TEMPERATURE

Newton’s law of cooling, which is equally applicable to heating, states that the time rate of change of
the temperature of a body is proportional to the temperature difference between the body and its
surrounding medium. Let T denote the temperature of the body and let d Tm denote the temperature
of the surrounding medium. Then the time rate of change of the temperature of the body is 𝑑𝑇/𝑑𝑡,
𝑑𝑇
and Newton’s law of cooling can be formulated as = −𝑘(𝑇 − 𝑇𝑚 ), or as:
𝑑𝑡
𝒅𝑻
Equation 2: + 𝒌𝑻 = 𝒌𝑻𝒎
𝒅𝒕

where k is a positive constant of proportionality. Once k is chosen positive, the minus sign is required
in Newton’s law to make 𝑑𝑇/𝑑𝑡 negative in a cooling process, when T is greater than Tm, and positive
in a heating process, when T is less than Tm.

Sample Problem #1.

A metal bar at a temperature of 100° F is placed in a room at a constant temperature of 0° F. If after
20 minutes the temperature of the bar is 50° F, find (a) the time it will take the bar to reach a
temperature of 25° F and (b) the temperature of the bar after 10 minutes.

Solution:
Step 1. Use Eq. 2 with Tm = 0; the medium here is the room which is being held at a constant
temperature of 0° F.

𝒅𝑻
+ 𝒌𝑻 = 𝟎, 𝑻 = 𝒄𝒆−𝒌𝒕
𝒅𝒕
Let 𝑡 = 20, we are given than 𝑇 = 50; hence
1 50 1
50 = 100𝑒 −20𝑘 from which 𝑘 = − ln =− (−0.693) = 0.035
20 100 20

Step 2. Substitute this value into equation 2, we obtain the temperature of the bar at any time “t”.
𝑇 = 100𝑒 −0.035𝑡
a. We require 𝑡 when 𝑇 = 25. Substitute T=25
25 = 100𝑒 −0.035𝑡
25
= 𝑒 −0.035𝑡
100
1
−0.035𝑡 = ln
4
𝒕 = 𝟑𝟗. 𝟔𝟎𝟖𝟒 𝒎𝒊𝒏.
b. Substitute t=10 into 𝑇 = 100𝑒 −0.035𝑡

𝑇 = 100𝑒 −0.035(10) = 𝟕𝟎. 𝟓 ℉

It should be noted that since Newton’s law is valid only for small temperature differences, the above
calculations represent only a first approximation to the physical situation.

Sample Problem #4
A body at a temperature of 50° F is placed outdoors where the temperature is 100° F. If after 5 minutes
the temperature of the body is 60° F, find (a) how long it will take the body to reach a temperature of
75° F and (b) the temperature of the body after 20 minutes.

Solution:
Step 1. Let 𝑇𝑚 = 100, 𝑇 = 50, 𝑡 = 0
𝑇 = 𝑐𝑒 −𝑘𝑡 + 100
(50) = 𝑐𝑒 −𝑘(0) + 100
(50) − 100 = 𝑐(1)
𝑐 =−50

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Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.:-EN MATH 3 -1st-2021-2022

𝑇 = −50𝑒 −𝑘𝑡 + 100

Step 2. Let t=5, T=60, substitute to 𝑇 = −50𝑒 −𝑘𝑡 + 100.

60 = −50𝑒 −𝑘(5) + 100

−40 = −50𝑒 −𝑘(5)
40
− = 𝑒 −𝑘(5)
−50
4
= 𝑒 −𝑘(5)
5
1 4
𝑘 = − ln = 0.0446
5 5
Step 3. Substitute the value of k to 𝑇 = −50𝑒 −𝑘𝑡 + 100.
𝑇 = −50𝑒 −𝑘𝑡 + 100
𝑇 = −50𝑒 −(0.0446)𝑡 + 100

a. Substituting T = 75 into 𝑇 = −50𝑒 −(0.0446)𝑡 + 100

75 = −50𝑒 −(0.0446)𝑡 + 100

75 − 100 = −50𝑒 −(0.0446)𝑡
−25
= 𝑒 −(0.0446)𝑡
−50
1
= 𝑒 −(0.0446)𝑡
2
1
𝑙𝑛 = −(0.0446)𝑡
2
𝒕 = 𝟏𝟓. 𝟓𝟒𝟏𝟒 𝒎𝒊𝒏
b. Substitute T when t=20 to 𝑇 = −50𝑒 −𝑘𝑡 + 100
𝑇 = −50𝑒 −0.0446(20) + 100
𝑻 = 𝟕𝟗. 𝟓𝟎𝟖𝟐℉

3.3. MIXING (NON-REACTING FLUIDS) - DILUTION

Consider a tank which initially holds V0 gal of brine that contains a lb of salt. Another brine solution,
containing b lb of salt per gallon, is poured into the tank at the rate of e gal/min while,
simultaneously, the well-stirred solution leaves the tank at the rate of f gal/min. The problem is to
find the amount of salt in the tank at any time t.
Let Q denote the amount (in pounds) of salt in the tank at any time t. The time rate of change of 𝑄,
𝑑𝑄/𝑑𝑡, equals the rate at which salt enters the tank minus the rate at which salt leaves the tank.
Salt enters the tank at the rate of be 𝑙𝑏/𝑚𝑖𝑛. To determine the rate at which salt leaves the tank, we
first calculate the volume of brine in the tank at any time t, which is the initial volume 𝑉0 plus the
volume of brine added 𝑒𝑡 minus the volume of brine removed 𝑓𝑡. Thus, the volume of brine at any
time is
Equation 3 𝑽𝟎 + 𝒆𝒕 − 𝒇𝒕

The concentration of salt in the tank at any time is 𝑄/(𝑉0 + 𝑒𝑡 − 𝑓𝑡), from which it follows that salt
leaves the tank at the rate of
𝑄
𝑓( ) lb/min
𝑉0 +𝑒𝑡−𝑓𝑡
𝑑𝑄 𝑄
Thus = 𝑏𝑒 − 𝑓 ( )
𝑑𝑡 𝑉0 +𝑒𝑡−𝑓𝑡
𝒅𝑸 𝒇
Or Equation 4 +( ) 𝑸 = 𝒃𝒆
𝒅𝒕 𝑽𝟎 +(𝒆−𝒇)𝒕

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Sample Problem #5.

A tank initially holds 100 gal of a brine solution containing 1 lb of salt. At t = 0 another brine solution
containing 1 lb of salt per gallon is poured into the tank at the rate of 3 gal/min, while the well-stirred
mixture leaves the tank at the same rate. Find (a) the amount of salt in the tank at any time t and (b)
the time at which the mixture in the tank contains 2 lb of salt.

Solution:
a. Step 1. Let: 𝑉0 = 100, 𝑎 = 1, 𝑏 = 1, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑒 = 𝑓 = 3, substitute in:

𝑑𝑄 𝑓
+( ) 𝑄 = 𝑏𝑒
𝑑𝑡 𝑉0 + (𝑒 − 𝑓)𝑡
𝑑𝑄 3
+( ) 𝑄 = (1)(3)
𝑑𝑡 100 + (3 − 3)𝑡
𝑑𝑄 3
+( )𝑄 = 3
𝑑𝑡 100 + (0)𝑡
𝒅𝑸
+ 𝟎. 𝟎𝟑𝑸 = 𝟑
𝒅𝒕
Step 2. Use Method for Solving Linear Equations:
𝑄 = 𝑐𝑒 −0.03𝑡 + 100

Step 3. Let 𝑡 = 0, 𝑄 = 𝑎 = 1. Substitute to 𝑄 = 𝑐𝑒 −0.03𝑡 + 100.

𝑄 = 𝑐𝑒 −0.03𝑡 + 100
1 = 𝑐𝑒 −0.03(0) + 100
𝒄 = −𝟗𝟗

𝑸 = −𝟗𝟗𝒆−𝟎.𝟎𝟑𝒕 + 𝟏𝟎𝟎

b. Step 4. Let Q=2, Substitute to 𝑄 = −99𝑒 −0.03𝑡 + 100

2 = −99𝑒 −0.03𝑡 + 100

2 − 100 = −99𝑒 −0.03𝑡
98
= 𝑒 −0.03𝑡
99
1 98
𝑡=− ln ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟑𝟖𝒎𝒊𝒏.
0.03 99

Sample Problem #6
A 50-gal tank initially contains 10 gal of fresh water. At t = 0, a brine solution containing 1 lb of salt
per gallon is poured into the tank at the rate of 4 gal/min, while the well-stirred mixture leaves the
tank at the rate of 2 gal/min. Find (a) the amount of time required for overflow to occur and (b) the
amount of salt in the tank at the moment of overflow.

Solution:
Step 1. Let: 𝑎 = 0, 𝑏 = 1, 𝑒 = 4, 𝑓 = 2, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑉0 = 10,substitute in:
𝑑𝑄 𝑓
+( ) 𝑄 = 𝑏𝑒
𝑑𝑡 𝑉0 + (𝑒 − 𝑓)𝑡
𝑑𝑄 2
+( ) 𝑄 = 1(4)
𝑑𝑡 10 + (4 − 2)𝑡
𝑑𝑄 2
+( )𝑄 = 4
𝑑𝑡 10 + 2𝑡

Step 2. Use Method for Solving Linear Equations:

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40𝑡 + 4𝑡 2 + 𝑐
𝑄=
10 + 2𝑡
40𝑡+4𝑡 2 +𝑐
Step 3. Let t=0, Q=a=0, Substitute to 𝑄 = .
10+2𝑡

40𝑡 + 4𝑡 2 + 𝑐
𝑄=
10 + 2𝑡

40(0) + 4(0)2 + 𝑐
0=
10 + 2(0)
𝑐=0

Step 4. Find “t” using 𝑉0 + 𝑒𝑡 − 𝑓𝑡

𝑉0 + 𝑒𝑡 − 𝑓𝑡
10 + 4𝑡 − 2𝑡 = 10 + 2𝑡
10 + 2𝑡 = 50
𝑡 = 20
Step 5. Find Q at time “t=20” if c=0

40𝑡 + 4𝑡 2 + 𝑐
𝑄=
10 + 2𝑡
40(20) + 4(20)2 + 0
𝑄=
10 + 2(20)

𝑸 = 𝟒𝟖 𝒍𝒃
3.4. ELECTRIC CIRCUITS
The basic equation governing the amount of current I (in amperes) in a simple RL circuit (Fig. 7-
3) consisting of a resistance R (in ohms), an inductor L (in henries), and an electromotive force
(abbreviated emf ) E (in volts) is
𝒅𝒍 𝑹 𝑬
Equation 5 + 𝑰 =
𝒅𝒕 𝑳 𝑳
For an RC circuit consisting of a resistance, a capacitance C (in farads), an emf, and no inductance
(Fig. 7-4), the equation governing the amount of electrical charge q (in coulombs) on the capacitor is
𝒅𝒒 𝟏 𝑬
Equation 6 + 𝒒 =
𝒅𝒕 𝑹𝑪 𝑹
The relationship between “q” and “I” is
𝒅𝒒
Equation 7 𝑰 =
𝒅𝒕

Sample Problem #7.

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An RL circuit has an emf given (in volts) by 3 sin 2t, a resistance of 10 ohms, an inductance of 0.5
henry,and an initial current of 6 amperes. Find the current in the circuit at any time t.

Solution:
𝒅𝒍 𝑹 𝑬
Step 1. Let E=3sin2t, R=10, and L=0.5, substitute in + 𝑰 =
𝒅𝒕 𝑳 𝑳
𝑑𝑙 𝑅 𝐸
+ 𝐼=
𝑑𝑡 𝐿 𝐿
𝑑𝑙 10 3𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑡
+ 𝐼=
𝑑𝑡 0.5 0.5
𝒅𝒍
+ 𝟐𝟎𝑰 = 𝟔 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟐𝒕
𝒅𝒕
Step 2. Use Method for Linear Equation.
𝑑
(𝑙𝑒 20𝑡 ) = 6𝑒 20𝑡 sin 2𝑡
𝑑𝑡
Step 3. Integrate

𝑑
(𝑙𝑒 20𝑡 ) = 6𝑒 20𝑡 sin 2𝑡
𝑑𝑡
∫ 𝑑(𝑙𝑒 20𝑡 ) = ∫ 6𝑒 20𝑡 sin 2𝑡𝑑𝑡
Carrying out the integrations (the second integral requires two integration by parts), we obtain
30 3
𝐼 = 𝑐𝑒 −20𝑡 + sin 2𝑡 − cos 2𝑡
101 101
Step 4. If t=0, I=6, substitute
30 3
𝐼 = 𝑐𝑒 −20𝑡 + sin 2𝑡 − cos 2𝑡
101 101
30 3
6 = 𝑐𝑒 −20(0) +
sin 2(0) − cos 2(0)
101 101
6 = 𝑐 − 3/101
𝟔𝟎𝟗
𝒄=
𝟏𝟎𝟏
Step 5. Substitute the value of “c” to find the current at any time “t”
𝟔𝟎𝟗 −𝟐𝟎𝒕 𝟑𝟎 𝟑
𝑰=( )𝒆 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝒕 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐𝒕
𝟏𝟎𝟏 𝟏𝟎𝟏 𝟏𝟎𝟏

Sample Problem #8
An RC circuit has an emf given (in volts) by 400 cos 2t, a resistance of 100 ohms, and a capacitance of
10−2 farad. Initially there is no charge on the capacitor. Find the current in the circuit at any time t.

Solution:
𝒅𝒍 𝑹 𝑬
Step 1. Find the charge “q” and then use + 𝑰 = to obtain the current. Let E=400cos2t, R=100, and
𝒅𝒕 𝑳 𝑳
C=10^-2.
𝑑𝑞 1 𝐸
+ 𝑞=
𝑑𝑡 𝑅𝐶 𝑅
𝑑𝑞 1 400 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑡
+ −2 𝑞=
𝑑𝑡 (100)(10 ) 100
𝒅𝒒
+ 𝒒 = 𝟒𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒕
𝒅𝒕
Step 2. Use Method of Solving Linear Equation.
8 4
𝑞 = 𝑐𝑒 −𝑡 + sin 2𝑡 + cos 2𝑡
5 5

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INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.:-EN MATH 3 -1st-2021-2022

Step 3. If t=o, q=0, then:

8 4
𝑞 = 𝑐𝑒 −𝑡 + sin 2𝑡 + cos 2𝑡
5 5
8 4
0 = 𝑐𝑒 −(0) + sin 2(0) + cos 2(0)
5 5
4
𝑐=−
5

Step 4. Substitute the values of c in

8 4
𝑞 = 𝑐𝑒 −𝑡 + sin 2𝑡 + cos 2𝑡
5 5
4 −𝑡 8 4
𝑞 = (− ) 𝑒 + sin 2𝑡 + cos 2𝑡
5 5 5
𝒅𝒒
Step 5. Substitute in 𝑰 = and we obtain
𝒅𝒕
𝑑𝑞
𝐼=
𝑑𝑡
𝑑 4 −𝑡 8 4
𝐼 = ((− ) 𝑒 + sin 2𝑡 + cos 2𝑡)
𝑑𝑡 5 5 5

𝟒 −𝒕 𝟏𝟔 𝟖
𝑰= 𝒆 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐𝒕 − 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝒕.
𝟓 𝟓 𝟓

VI. LEARNING ACTIVITIES

1. DECOMPOSITION GROWTH: Solve

a. What constant interest rate is required if an initial deposit placed into an account that accrues
interest compounded continuously is to double its value in six years? Ans. K=11.55%

2. NEWTON’S LAW OF COOLING – TEMPERATURE: Solve

a. A body at an unknown temperature is placed in a room which is held at a constant temperature
of 30° F. If after 10 minutes the temperature of the body is 0° F and after 20 minutes the
temperature of the body is 15° F, find the unknown initial temperature. Ans. 𝑻𝟎 = −𝟑𝟎℉

3. ELECTRIC CIRCUIT: Solve

a. An RL circuit has an emf of 5 volts, a resistance of 50 ohms, an inductance of 1 henry, and no
𝑰 𝟏
initial current. Find the current in the circuit at any time t. Ans. 𝑰 = − 𝒆−𝟓𝟎𝒕 +
𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎

4. DILUTION :Solve
a. A tank initially holds 100 gal of a brine solution containing 20 lb of salt. At t = 0, fresh water is
poured into the tank at the rate of 5 gal/min, while the well-stirred mixture leaves the tank at the
𝒕
same rate. Find the amount of salt in the tank at any time t. Ans. 𝑸 = 𝟐𝟎𝒆−𝟐𝟎

VII. EVALUATION (Note: Not to be included in the student’s copy of the IM)

VIII. ASSIGNMENT
1. An RL circuit with a 1 ohm resistor and 0.01H inductor is driven by a voltage E(t)=sin100t V. If the initial
inductor current is zero, determine the subsequent resistor and inductor voltages and the current.
2. The population of a certain country is known to increase at a rate proportional to the number of people
presently living in the country. If after two years the population has doubled, and after three years the
population is 20,000, estimate the number of people initially living in the country.
3. A cup of hot coffee initially at 95℃ cools to 80℃ in 5 min. while sitting in a room of temperature 21℃.
Using just Newton’s Law of Cooling, determine when the temperature of the coffee will be nice 50℃.
4. Consider a large tank holding 1000L of pure water into which a brine solution of salt begins to flow at a
constant rate of 6L/min. The solution inside the tank is kept well stirred and is flowing out of the tank at a
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 Republic of the Philippines
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Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.:-EN MATH 3 -1st-2021-2022

rate of 6L/min. If the concentration of salt in the brine entering the tank is 0.1 kg/L, determine when the
concentration of salt in the tank will reach 0.05kg/L (see Figure)

IX. REFERENCES

Richard Bronson, PhD and Gabriel B. Costa, PhD, Differential Equations Fourth Edition (Schaum’s
Outlines)

PREPARED BY:

MARY ABEGAIL P. CADANG

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